***************************************************************** 10/10/02 **** RADIATION BULLETIN(RADBULL) **** VOL 10.261 ***************************************************************** RADBULL IS PRODUCED BY THE ABALONE ALLIANCE CLEARINGHOUSE ***************************************************************** NUCLEAR POLICY 1 Japan: Despite assurances, 90% fear nuclear accident 2 Russia urged to speed up efforts to reduce its stockpile of 3 NZ: Time to set aside our nuclear illusions NUCLEAR REACTORS 4 US: Nuclear restart attracts interest 5 US: Ginna Nuclear power station cited for a violation 6 US: Feds on Davis-Besse: Blame us, too 7 US: Problems at Ohio's Davis-Besse found in another nuclear plant 8 US: Attorneys general ask Congress for more nuclear power protection NUCLEAR SAFETY 9 Medical Consequences of Attacking Iraq 10 US: [radiation-survivors] Incurable ills: Veteran believes his 11 UK: Servicemen exposed to radiation* 12 US: NRC Failed to Perform Inspections 13 Ukrainian nuclear plant workers under investigation for using NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE 14 US: Open books, Envirocare told 15 US: Pact extended at West Valley 16 Sellafield: SEVEN-STOREY CENTRE REDUCED TO RUBBLE 17 BNFL: the strangest privatization yet 18 UK: Plan to recover nuclear gas rejected NUCLEAR WEAPONS 19 CIA deflates BUSH claims / Russia doesn't believe them either 20 Show us some money: Russia sets out its conditions 21 Iraq throws open suspect sites 22 US to give Israel 72 hours notice before Iraq 23 Think Carefully- Saudi Warns Bush 24 US 'wants to destroy Iraq, divide Arab world' 25 CIA Report Contradicts Bush Warnings on Iraq 26 France Sees Compromise on Iraq, Remains Strongly Opposed to War 27 US says concerned at Syrian nuclear program* 28 U.S. Eyes Iraq's Former Arms Sites 29 Russia Urged to Cut Weapons Faster 30 Castro Blames Khrushchev for Crisis 31 Iraq Denies Efforts to Rearm 32 US: Feds defend secret '60s tests 33 US: An Iraq strategy full of holes 34 Iraq after our nukes 35 U.S. intelligence monitors activity at former Iraqi nuclear sites US DEPT. OF ENERGY 36 Hanford Plan would accelerate tank work 37 Benton rejects plan for divvying Hanford aid 38 Officials at Hanford hope to empty 40 nuclear tanks by 2006 39 The pits: Supporters, opponents cite views 40 Fluor considers cuts in Hanford firefighting effort OTHER NUCLEAR 41 House proposes budget boost for NASA 42 Pandora's Lab 43 Different Parties, Similar Views in Tooele 44 House proposes budget boost for NASA ***************************************************************** ***************************************************************** FULL NEWS STORIES ***************************************************************** ***************************************************************** 1 Japan: Despite assurances, 90% fear nuclear accident Asahi Shimbun www.asahi.com [http://www.asahi.com/] JAPANESE The Asahi Shimbun Nearly 90 percent of Japanese fear a nuclear accident will hit the nation's scandal-plagued power industry, according to an Asahi Shimbun poll conducted after cover-ups and false reports were exposed at nuclear power plants. The telephone poll over the weekend also touched upon cracks on reactors at Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO) plants. The company has admitted covering up this damage. Voters were asked if they believed the central government's explanation that these cracks posed no safety risks at the nuclear power plants. Eighty-six percent of the respondents said they were not convinced. Overall, 44 percent of the respondents opposed the government's promotion of nuclear energy, while 38 percent said they favored the power source. Even among those who supported the nuclear energy policy, about 80 percent were concerned about nuclear plant accidents and not convinced by the central government's explanation. Forty-nine percent said they were seriously concerned about an accident, while 38 percent said they felt some concern. Ninety percent of women feared an accident, compared with 85 percent of men. In an interview survey conducted last December, 40 percent of respondents said they were largely concerned about a possible nuclear accident, while 35 percent said they felt some concern. (10/08) [Copyright Asahi Shimbun. All rights reserved. No reproduction ***************************************************************** 2 Russia urged to speed up efforts to reduce its stockpile of nuclear, chemical weapons Oct 10, 2002 By HARRY DUNPHY, Associated Press Writer WASHINGTON - The United States and other industrialized democracies are urging Russia to speed up efforts to reduce its vast, poorly secured stockpile of nuclear and chemical weapons, a State Department official said Wednesday. A Senate committee chairman warned the material could find its way to terrorists or countries such as Iraq. John Bolton, undersecretary of state for arms control, said a major part of a meeting last month in Canada of those industrial powers dealt with problems that have hindered an initiative to stop the spread of weapons and materials of mass destruction. The participating countries — the United States, Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy and Japan — have pledged to spend at least $20 billion over the next 10 years on the effort. President George W. Bush committed the United States to providing half of the $20 billion at June's G-8 summit in Canada when he proposed the initiative. Russian President Vladimir Putin has pledged to take actions to help achieve the program's goal. Bolton told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee said that among the priority concerns in Russia, the G-8 countries specifically named the destruction of chemical weapons, disposition of fissile material and dismantlement of decommissioned nuclear submarines. "For the global partnership to be successful," Bolton said, "the Russian Federation will need to take concrete action to resolve outstanding problems. ... We pressed the Russians hard on this issue" at the September meeting in Canada. Bolton said the other G-8 countries were more than half way in meeting their $10 billion commitment, including $1.5 billion from Germany and $1 billion from the European Commission He said some countries have not publicly announced pledges or decided on their amounts. Bolton praised Canada's tireless commitment as the current G-8 chairman to make the initiative a reality and said France has said it will make the program a priority as it prepares for next year's summit in Evian. Bolton welcomed bipartisan legislation, proposed by the committee chairman Sen. Joseph Biden and Sen. Richard Lugar that expands the president's authority to reduce Russia's debt in exchange for nonproliferation programs. "Nothing poses a more clear or present danger to our security," Biden said, than the vast repository of nuclear, chemical and possibly biological weapons still in Russia more than a decade after the Soviet Union's collapse. "Our greatest concern remains that groups like al-Qaida or states like Iraq will steal or illicitly purchase poorly guarded stocks of weapons of mass destruction in Russia," Biden said. He said the United States has provided billions of dollars in aid to reduce the threat posed by Russia's possession of these weapons. But, he said, there remain roughly 1,000 metric tons of highly enriched uranium, 40,000 metric tons of chemical weapons, including 2 million artillery shells containing nerve gas at one of Russia's facilities alone, and an unknown supply of biological pathogens. Lugar said that because of the threat of terrorism. "We must not only accelerate weapons dismantlement efforts in Russia, we must (also) broaden our capability to address proliferation risks in other countries." Lugar said the major industrialized nations must keep pressing Russian officials to abide by Putin's commitment to help. Putin's "biggest obstacle could well be his own government's bureaucracy," said Lugar, co-sponsor of legislation that has provided millions for weapons destruction in Russia over the past 11 years. Copyright © 2002 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. The information ***************************************************************** 3 NZ: Time to set aside our nuclear illusions Friday October 11, 2002 /Max Bradford:/ 10.10.2002 What is the Government playing at? Why would Finance Minister Michael Cullen suddenly announce what people on the inside have known for years - that there is a link between New Zealand's defence (nuclear) policy and trade? Good on him for doing it. For too long, New Zealanders have basked in the illusion we can indulge ourselves on a soft - some would say irresponsible - defence and nuclear policy, yet believe there is no linkage to our ability to get preferential trade access to markets such as the United States. Perhaps it didn't matter so much while the world promoted trade liberalisation through multilateral negotiations such as Gatt and the WTO. In these circumstances it was in everybody's interests not to muddy the waters of a general move to freer trade by introducing particular thorny issues between pairs of countries. However, as the world moves more towards bilateral trade liberalisation (rather than multilateral) these particular burrs in the saddle of free trade become more important. We have seen it with the major New Zealand-Australia free trade agreement, the CER. The Australian Government was not prepared to give ground on trade and business law liberalisation until the burr of the huge imbalance in social security payments paid to New Zealanders living in Australia was removed. That was solved by the Labour-Alliance Government at a cost, by reducing New Zealanders' long-held rights to work, live and become citizens of Australia. And lo and behold negotiations have since resumed on business tax and law harmonisation under the CER. The same sort of thing is now happening to our desire to get a free trade agreement with the US. This time the burr in the saddle for the US is our defence policy and, in particular, one aspect of the country's anti-nuclear policy to do with nuclear-powered (but not nuclear-armed) ship visits. The memory of the high-handed way the anti-nuclear policy was introduced by the Lange Labour Government in 1984-85 has rankled many successive American administrations. Many of the players in the 1984 US administration are now back in power. Some have long memories and have made it explicit that there is a link between defence and trade policy. There is no particular surprise in this. The link has been there for a long time, even though New Zealand has tried to pretend it wasn't important in securing better access to the growth powerhouse of economic markets in the US. The explicitness of the link has ebbed and flowed over the years. There were as many hardliners in the Democrat administrations (mostly in the Defence Department, and a few in the State Department) as there were in Republican administrations. More often than not, little was said publicly. What is happening now is simply that senior Republican officials are openly talking of links that were always there in the background. Successive senior New Zealand ministers were told of the explicit link, though this was not disclosed to the public in the manner that Dr Cullen has done in the past few days. Business delegations have been told of the link as well in recent months. So why has Dr Cullen announced this now? Is it a fear that by trying to keep the explicit reference of a link a secret from the public, so long denied by politicians, it will leak out to the disadvantage of the Government? In other words is the motivation classic Blair-style damage control? Or has the ground really shifted to our disadvantage so that to deny the link will carry a significant economic cost the Government can no longer ignore? There are important issues here which every New Zealander should confront. If we want a free trade agreement with the US (or, equally critical, can we afford not to have one when our trade partners, especially Australia, will use every device to get one for themselves?), then the country has to face up to the real economic cost of not removing the ban on nuclear-powered ships visits. It is important to remember the ground has shifted. Bilateral trade negotiations allow each country to raise all issues between them as part of the claim for offering better trade access to the other. If New Zealand continues with the ban on nuclear-powered ship visits it will be at a cost - either no free trade agreement between the US and New Zealand, or a delayed one. Either way the cost is significant. If Australia gets a free trade agreement ahead of us, they will establish the conditions for any free trade agreement we might later get. It will be to our disadvantage in some respect, if only because an Australian-US agreement will be Aussie-centric, not Australasian-centric which is much more likely if we negotiated with the US together. If the agreement is later (or perhaps never) then the real loss will be Australia and any other country getting free trade access pulling ahead of us in the economic growth stakes. Perhaps that is a price New Zealanders are willing to pay. Nevertheless, there is a real cost. There will be less money to spend on education, health and retirement provision, and that affects people. Dr Cullen will have far greater difficulty reaching his 4 per cent growth target. Indeed, he may never get it without a New Zealand-US free trade agreement, because investment and talented people will be sucked out of the economy into Australia and the other faster-growing economies. There are estimates that a free trade agreement will give a permanent growth spurt of between 0.5 and 1.5 per cent a year. This isn't to be sniffed at given the difficulty of getting our long-term growth rate above 2.5 per cent. I, for one, think the time is right, indeed long overdue, for a proper public debate on removing the ban on nuclear-powered visits by any ships. We live in a far different world from the Cold War environment the policy was born into in 1984. The debate should then be followed by a referendum to let the public make the final decision with their eyes open to the real economic and social consequences, as well as to the feel-good factor. Only then can successive Governments say to successive US Administrations that an informed New Zealand public has spoken. * Max Bradford is a former Minister of Defence. ©Copyright 2002, New Zealand Herald ***************************************************************** 4 Nuclear restart attracts interest Several firms eyeing TVA's Browns Ferry By Rebecca Ferrar, News-Sentinel business writer October 10, 2002 TVA consultants told board members Wednesday they have found "serious" interest from several outside companies that may want to provide private financing for the restart of the Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant. The meeting included TVA board members; top TVA financing and nuclear officials; Charles Trabandt, vice president of Charles River Associates of Boston; and other Charles River officials. The firm is exploring TVA's options in seeking private financing to help restart Unit 1 at the Browns Ferry plant near Athens, Ala. "The reports of their briefing were very encouraging," Glenn L. McCullough Jr., TVA board chairman, said after the closed-door meeting. "A number of potential partners have expressed an interest in submitting a more detailed proposal. We asked the question, 'Is there interest out there,' and there very definitely is interest.'' The board in May approved the $1.8 billion restart of the Unit 1 reactor and decided to seek private financing to help pay for it. The White House Office of Management and Budget has urged TVA to seek private financing for the project. Also this week, Senate Minority Leader Trent Lott, R-Miss., introduced a bill to require TVA to get approval from Congress and OMB before borrowing more money. TVA's debt now stands at $25 billion. "We are attentive to Sen. Lott and all members of the Senate and House and will be responsive," McCullough said. "We expect to be accountable, and we are accountable to Congress and OMB, and we recognize the good points Sen. Lott makes in his bill.'' Lott was instrumental in McCullough's board appointment. McCullough said he could not identify the names of firms interested in financing Browns Ferry or even the number of firms. "These are reputable firms, and we didn't look at any specifics," he said. Because of the interest, TVA asked Charles River to develop an "action plan" to detail "how a financing partnership might work so we can determine the business benefit for TVA and move from there. The board wants to move as quickly as possible. We're not talking months. We're talking weeks." TVA Director Bill Baxter, who also attended the meeting, said, "It appears we'll have several viable alternatives to analyze over the next several weeks, and we're confident we'll come up with a very competitive financing package for Browns Ferry I.'' The Lott bill would require TVA to seek written approval from the OMB director and congressional committees overseeing the agency before undertaking a financing of new, additional or replacement power plants or equipment. It also would require TVA to develop a strategy for managing the agency's debt. Stephen Smith, executive director of the Southern Alliance for Clean Energy, said Congress doesn't have time this year to take up Lott's bill but that the bill is good news for TVA ratepayers. "If the minority leader of the Senate says he wants to see a plan on how to reduce debt, that's about as big a shot across the bow as you can get without George Bush delivering the message,'' Smith said. "It is clear from the language Trent Lott introduced that TVA will not do this without being forced to. I think this is important, and as ratepayers we should applaud when a member of Congress wants to exercise accountability over TVA." TVA spokesman John Moulton said TVA already is taking steps to address Lott's concerns, including development of a 10-year strategic plan to be completed by mid-2003. Rebecca Ferrar may be reached at 865-342-6357 or ferrarr@knews.com. Copyright 2002, Knoxville News-Sentinel Co. ***************************************************************** 5 Ginna Nuclear power station cited for a violation [Rochester, NY] Democrat and Chronicle (October 10, 2002)  The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has issued a notice of violation for Rochester Gas and Electric Corp.s Robert E. Ginna nuclear power station in Ontario, Wayne County. The commissions inspectors found problems with the plants siren feedback system during an inspection completed June 29. As a result, plant operators and officials in Monroe and Wayne counties could not identify whether any sirens failed to operate during activation of the alert and notification system. The sirens are used to alert the public in case of an emergency at the plant. Mike Power, spokesman for RG, said the system has been replaced and will be tested Oct. 24. ***************************************************************** 6 Feds on Davis-Besse: Blame us, too The Plain Dealer 10/10/02 John Mangels and John Funk Plain Dealer Reporters The Nuclear Regulatory Commission, FirstEnergy Corp. and the nuclear industry all share blame for the mistakes and oversights that allowed a rust hole to fester unnoticed for years in the lid of the Davis-Besse nuclear reactor. "We and the industry recognized the potential for this type of event 10 years ago," but along with FirstEnergy, failed to piece together the clues that were piling up at Davis-Besse, said Ed Hackett, the co-author of a scathing 96-page NRC report released yesterday. The "lessons learned" study, which the agency sometimes undertakes to critique its performance in the wake of major problems at nuclear plants, recommends significant changes in the NRC's supervision of reactor operators. It calls for more scrutiny and skepticism, as well as stronger follow-up to make sure utilities are doing what they promise. But FirstEnergy bears much of the responsibility for the unprecedented rust hole, which took the Toledo-area plant to the brink of a serious accident, the NRC report concludes. The company ignored problems, misinterpreted information, slashed its engineering budget and kept vital information from the NRC that might have helped catch the lid damage much sooner. U.S. Sen. George Voinovich, Republican of Ohio, who was briefed by NRC Chairman Richard Meserve, called the findings "serious and troubling." He called for congressional hearings and a General Accounting Office investigation into the Davis-Besse affair, joining U.S. Rep. Dennis Kucinich, the Cleveland Democrat, who previously called for such hearings. Both Voinovich, a strong supporter of nuclear power, and Kucinich, a longtime critic of FirstEnergy, serve on committees that oversee the NRC. The NRC report's 52 recommendations will be reviewed by a team of senior agency officials. They will decide which ones merit action. The increased oversight the study calls for no doubt will require more dollars and staff, its authors said. The agency's budget comes mostly from fees paid by the nuclear industry, and it will be up to a cost-conscious and heavily lobbied Congress to determine if it should grow. "The tough job is the follow-up," said report co-author Joe Donoghue. "Our charter was to look hard and tell [NRC management] what needs to get done. The next group has to decide where to get the money and resources." Although lacking in some areas, the report does "a good job of identifying some problems that need to be fixed," said David Lochbaum, a nuclear safety engineer with the Union of Concerned Scientists, a watchdog group. "You can only juggle so many balls," he said of the NRC, whose staff and money cuts in its Midwest office challenged the agency's ability to oversee Davis-Besse, according to the report. "They need the resources to make things happen." Otherwise, the study "is just going to go up on a shelf." They also need relief from congressional pressure to fast-track nuclear industry demands, Lochbaum said. Other watchdog groups - Ohio Citizen Action and the Nuclear Information and Resource Service - faulted the report for not probing the NRC's decision last fall to let Davis-Besse delay a shutdown to inspect its reactor lid. The NRC report was sharply critical of the agency's own multiple failures to identify glaringly obvious problems at Davis-Besse throughout the 1990s. More broadly, the agency mishandled the industrywide problem of stress cracks in the reactor lid that allowed coolant to leak and corrode metal parts. The report says that the NRC was wrong to go along with the American nuclear industry's assessment that such lid cracks weren't a safety risk and that corrosion could be easily spotted long before it caused a problem. Rather than focus on preventing such leaks, as the French nuclear industry did by replacing reactor lids, the NRC chose to encourage reactor operators to find ways to catch the oozing cracks early. However, the report said, the NRC did not press nuclear plants to install equipment that would detect tiny amounts of spilled coolant. The task force found that NRC has done a poor job sharing information about plant conditions and research results. For example, a former NRC senior inspector based at Davis-Besse said he knew in 2000 that plant workers had found clumps of acid left behind when spilled coolant evaporated from the hot reactor lid. "However, he decided not to perform inspection follow-up and did not notify his supervisor," the report said. The NRC inspector didn't think that the built-up acid was significant, and thought that the company - which the agency viewed as a "good performer" - would clean it up. The report also cited problems with the process the NRC uses to alert reactor operators to potentially dangerous conditions that might affect similar plants. From 1980 to 2002, the NRC issued 17 bulletins, information notices and other warnings to utilities about leakage and corrosion incidents, and yet the problems continued at many nuclear plants. "This calls into question the effectiveness of the process as a catalyst for addressing issues," the task force said. For example, in 1997, the NRC asked all plants to provide their plans for inspecting reactor lids for cracks. Davis-Besse had not planned to do the detailed crack inspections the NRC wanted until 2002. FirstEnergy was more intent on keeping the reactor running to make electricity than on safety issues, the report said. The company accepted degraded equipment rather than fixing or replacing it, failed to learn from previous brushes with corrosion damage, and cut its engineering budget by 60 percent and staff by 44 percent from 1991 to 2001. The heavy workload and high turnover hurt the plant staff's ability to diagnose the signs of corrosion. "The report provides some valuable insights," said FirstEnergy spokesman Todd Schneider. "We've said we made mistakes, missed opportunities. Most importantly, we're putting into place more procedures and processes to make sure this doesn't happen again." To reach these Plain Dealer reporters: jmangels@plaind.com, 216-999-4842 jfunk@plaind.com, 216-999-4138 © 2002 The Plain Dealer. Used with permission. ***************************************************************** 7 Problems at Ohio's Davis-Besse found in another nuclear plant The Plain Dealer 10/10/02 Stephen Koff Plain Dealer Bureau Chief Washington- At least one other nuclear power plant has recently found the kind of leaks and cracks that led to severe problems at Ohio's Davis-Besse nuclear plant. The extent of leaking boric acid at the North Anna nuclear station, north of Richmond, Va., pales when compared with what happened at Davis-Besse, according to interviews and an incident report filed this week with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. But the North Anna cracks, along with isolated cracks found at several other plants over the last year, are indicative of the serious problems and safety risks the nation faces as its nuclear power plants age, according to the Union of Concerned Scientists. The problems suggest a need for greater vigilance by the NRC and the companies that own the power plants, says David Lochbaum, a UCS nuclear safety engineer who used to work in the industry and maintains there is "industrywide negligence." The leaks and cracks "clearly demonstrate that the NRC is not requiring a thorough safety overhaul of aging nuclear power plants," Lochbaum said. NRC officials agree on the need for vigilance - but not on the conclusions about agency complacency and potential disaster. "I think the NRC has been pretty active on this topic," said Edwin Hackett, the assistant team leader of the NRC's lessons learned task force, which reported yesterday on the Davis-Besse debacle. He cited agency alerts on possible cracks and leaks since 1997. The NRC has "pretty reasonable assurance that there's not something on the order of another Davis-Besse situation out there," Hackett said. "That's not to say there aren't cracks" in the nickel alloy nozzles that pass through reactor lids, guiding the rods that control the nuclear reaction. It is widely known that the nozzles and the welds that attach them to the lids "are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking, and they do crack and will crack over time," Hackett said. "It's a question of what happens with the cracks. And if plants are doing reasonable inspections," they will discover the cracks, "and you would take steps to fix it before you got into a problem like Davis-Besse." The question is, what is a reasonable inspection? Dominion Energy, the company that owns North Anna, conducted visual inspections last year and found no cracks. But in recent weeks, when Dominion used ultrasonic and liquid-penetrant testing to check the nozzles during a routine refueling - a procedure requested, but not required, by the NRC as a result of Davis-Besse - it discovered widespread cracking. Of 59 nozzles in the North Anna unit, 49 had cracks, according to the UCS. Preliminary tests showed that none of them appeared to be all the way through, but leaks were discovered in six welds where nozzles were attached to the lid, Dominion says. And boric acid was found on the reactor lid. Dominion on Monday announced that it will replace the lid over the reactor rather than try to repair the nozzles, which are attached to the lid. Dominion spokesman Richard Zuercher says the boric acid deposits were "very, very slight," barely enough to fill a small sugar packet. But Lochbaum points out that other plants have found cracks since 2001: the Oconee nuclear station in South Carolina, Palisades in Michigan, Crystal River in Florida and Arkansas Nuclear One in Arkansas. Most of the cracks were minor but nonetheless in violation of NRC rules, which require a plant to shut down within six hours of discovering a crack. Although the plants said they had not discovered the cracks before then, Lochbaum says they could employ better detection devices, like moisture detection equipment used in France. "If the NRC doesn't enforce federal safety regulations like the six-hour rule," he said, "the price tag could include an avoidable accident." To reach this Plain Dealer reporter: skoff@plaind.com, 216-999-4212 © 2002 The Plain Dealer. Used with permission. ***************************************************************** 8 Attorneys general ask Congress for more nuclear power protection heraldsun.com: The Associated Press Oct 10, 2002 : 12:33 am ET RALEIGH, N.C. -- Attorneys general from 27 states, including North Carolina, are asking Congress to step up efforts to protect nuclear power plants from terror attacks. The attorneys submitted a letter to congressional leaders on Wednesday urging creation of a task force and a more aggressive timetable to update plant security standards. North Carolina Attorney General Roy Cooper thinks that federal and state officials have done a good job improving security at the plants, said J.B. Kelly, his general counsel. But Cooper supports efforts to centralize those efforts in a task force run by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Office of Homeland Security. The letter signed by Cooper and the others singles out risks posed by spent fuel pools at nuclear plants, where radioactive waste is stored. Those pools are a target of criticism by groups like NC WARN, which is critical of safety conditions at the Shearon Harris nuclear plant in Wake County. Earlier this year, NC WARN asked Cooper to order owner Progress Energy to stop shipping spent waste to the Harris plant pools, saying the rail transports themselves pose a terrorist risk. But on Wednesday, Kelly said there is no evidence that Progress Energy violates any laws or regulations with its transports. The Attorney General's Office sees no reason to take action against them, although it will continue to seek out information regarding their safety. "We're not hearing anything from local law enforcement that they are concerned," Kelly said. "There is nothing that indicates that there is an imminent threat to anyone." Shearon Harris is believed to have the largest waste storage capacity of any nuclear power plant in the country and to be the only commercial plant that imports waste for storage. NC WARN this week submitted more information to Cooper's office. Stan Goff, a retired U.S. Army master sergeant with experience in security assessments, evaluated the vulnerability to attack of the Progress transports. While keeping some details confidential, Goff said he concluded that the trains, which travel about 200 miles from Eastern North Carolina to the Harris site, are highly vulnerable. The train tracks they travel on are embedded in a heavily forested corridor where it would be simple for attackers to hide themselves and explosives, said Goff, a former Army Special Operations member who now works for NC WARN as an organizer. Keith Poston, a Progress Energy spokesman, said it's highly unlikely that anyone could ever reach fuel locked inside 70-ton casks on the guarded shipments, which occur about 10 times a year on unannounced dates. Copyright 2002 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This ***************************************************************** 9 Medical Consequences of Attacking Iraq Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 18:01:13 -0500 (CDT) Published on Thursday, October 10, 2002 by the San Francisco Chronicle Medical Consequences of Attacking Iraq by Helen Caldicott As the Bush administration prepares to make war on the Iraqi people -- and make no mistake, it is the civilian population of that country and not Saddam Hussein who will bear the brunt of the hostilities -- it is important that we recall the medical consequences of the last Gulf War. That conflict was, in effect, a nuclear war. During the 1991 Gulf War, the United States deployed hundreds of tons of weapons, many of them anti-tank shells made of depleted uranium 238. This material is 1.7 times more dense than lead, and hence when incorporated into an anti-tank shell and fired, it achieves great momentum, cutting through tank armor like a hot knife through butter. What other properties does uranium 238 possess? First, it is pyrophoric: When it hits a tank at high speed it bursts into flames, producing tiny aerosolized particles less than 5 microns in diameter that are easily inhalable into the terminal air passages of the lung. Second, it is a potent radioactive carcinogen, emitting a relatively heavy alpha particle composed of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Once inside the body -- either in the lung if it has been inhaled, or in a wound if it penetrates flesh, or ingested since it concentrates in the food chain and contaminates water -- it can produce cancer in the lungs, bones, blood, or kidneys. Third, it has a half-life of 4.5 billion years, meaning the areas in which this ammunition was used in Iraq and Kuwait during Gulf War will remain effectively radioactive for the rest of time. Children are 10 to 20 times more sensitive to the effects of radiation than adults. My fellow pediatricians in the Iraqi town of Basra, for example, are reporting an increase of 6 to 12 times in the incidence of childhood leukemia and cancer. Yet because of the sanctions imposed upon Iraq by the United States and United Nations, they have no access to drugs or effective radiation machines to treat their patients. The incidence of congenital malformations has doubled in the exposed populations in Iraq where these weapons were used. Among them are babies born with only one eye or missing all or part of their brain. The medical consequences of the use of uranium 238 almost certainly did not affect only Iraqis. Some U.S. veterans exposed to it are reported, by at least one medical researcher, to be excreting uranium in their urine a decade later. Other reports indicate it is being excreted in their semen. (The fact that almost one-third of the American tanks used in Desert Storm were themselves made of uranium 238 is another story, for their crews were thereby exposed to whole-body gamma radiation.) Would these effects have surprised the U.S. authorities? No, for incredible as it may seem, the American military's own studies prior to Desert Storm warned that aerosol uranium exposure under battlefield conditions could lead to cancers of the lung and bone, kidney damage, non-malignant lung disease, neurocognitive disorders, chromosomal damage and birth defects. Do George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, Paul Wolfowitz, Condoleezza Rice, and Donald Rumsfeld understand the medical consequences of the 1991 war and the likely health effects of the next one they are now planning? If they do not, their ignorance is breathtaking; even more incredible though -- and alas, much more likely -- is that they do understand, but do not care. Helen Caldicott has devoted the last 25 years to an international campaign to educate the public about the medical hazards of the nuclear age. She spoke in San Francisco recently in a benefit for the Nuclear Policy Research Institute, which she founded. )2002 San Francisco Chronicle ***************************************************************** 10 [radiation-survivors] Incurable ills: Veteran believes his Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 23:34:51 -0500 (CDT) From: lona Incurable ills: Veteran believes his family's sickness is due to his radiation exposure -------------------- Incurable ills: Veteran believes his family's sickness is due to his radiation exposure -------------------- By R.W. Rogers Daily Press September 17 2002 For nearly as long as Jim Lyerly dreamed of being a sailor, he dreamed of being a father. But early attempts by Jim and his wife, Jerry, to have children were heartbreaking and futile. In 1958, Jerry went into labor 24 weeks early and bore a stillborn daughter in the back of a station wagon as Jim made a mad dash to the hospital. "She was perfect. She had hair and fingernails," said Jim, who still weeps for his daughter more than 40 years dead. "But her lungs just weren't formed enough for her to live." Premature births and unexplainable health problems have plagued the Lyerlys' children and grandchildren ever since. But in 1958, Jim blamed nature, not radiation, for their troubles. "I thought to myself - I didn't tell Jerry this because I loved her - but I thought that I had married a dud," Jim said. "But the doctor said that my wife was as strong as a horse and that the problem was me." Doctors told Jim that his sperm count was too low to father children. At this time - the late 1950s - the Lyerlys were still years away from connecting Jim's radiation exposure to the medical problems they were encountering. It's now well documented that radiation can cause sterility and low-birth weights. "I prayed on it," Jim said. "I knew I had to have kids. I knew I couldn't go through life without kids." After years of praying and trying, James E. Lyerly Jr. was born in October 1963 - six weeks early and so tiny he could sleep in a cigar box. Doctors gave him only a slight chance to live. Though Jamie would survive, he'd always be self-conscious about being physically smaller and mentally slower than his friends. In the next four years, Jerry had three more children, including daughter Michelle. One was born prematurely and all four suffered chronic illnesses as adults. Lyerly loved all his children, but Jamie might have been his favorite. In 1992, at age 28, Jamie choked to death after a drinking binge. His parents believe he's as much a victim of radiation exposure as his father. "When he was born, Jamie stayed in the hospital and they told us that he was not going to live," Jim said. "His brain was not developed, and he didn't have any lung capacity. He was always embarrassed about the way he was. He was a sad person." "I guess he weighed 110, 115 pounds. He wasn't right mentally. But he could tear down an engine. I could say, 'Jamie, I need this rebuilt.' He didn't have any education whatsoever," Jim said. "But I could go back two or three days later and it would be done. But as far as keeping a job, he just couldn't do it." Next to his bed, Jim keeps a black and white photo dated July 1964. In it, Jamie sits on his father's lap. Only a scar centipeding down Jim's stomach hints at the devastating health problems the family was living through and foretells future ones. Most of his stomach and a pre-cancerous gall bladder were removed in June 1964. If linking Jamie's death to his father's radiation exposure seems like a stretch, other health problems the family pins on radiation might be on firmer scientific ground. The Lyerlys' eldest grandchild - Michelle's firstborn - was born with a partially webbed left hand. The two grandchildren Lyerly lives with - Shana, 7, and C.J., 10 - miss so much school due to complications from asthma that they need a tutor. Each of the postcard-beautiful children has been whisked to the hospital at least a dozen times for harrowing breathing attacks that are only marginally managed by medication and a breathing machine. Michelle McRoy - Shana and C.J.'s mother and the Lyerlys' daughter - knows exactly what her children are living through. She's labored her whole life with severe asthma and has taken medication since childhood. Michelle still gets sick easier than most people and stays sick longer - just like her children. "There are so many hospital visits," said McRoy, 35. "My son is so allergic to so many things. This started when he was about 9 months old. He would get sick and just never get over it." "We'd go from an ear infection to a respiratory infection and then on to something else. He's kept back from doing things, taking gym and going on field trips. I make him wear a coat and hat when the other kids aren't because I'm afraid he's going to get sick. I don't want him to think he's a geek, but I tell them this is how it is." McRoy doesn't know about the scientific debate regarding low-dose radiation or its potential to mutate genetic codes of succeeding generations. She simply knows that no chronic health problems existed in her family before her father's military service and now they surround her. McRoy doesn't hesitate when asked to pinpoint the source of the health problems: Operation Redwing in 1956. "What convinced me is that in my extended family nothing like this exists," said McRoy, a restaurant manager. "There's no asthma or respiratory problems on my husband's side of the family either." Radiation-altered genes have been found in animal studies, but none yet in humans, said Dr. Stewart Bushong, a professor of radiology at Baylor College of Medicine in Texas. But the link might exist. Researchers at the University of California and in Britain have discovered that radiation-induced genetic mutations can be passed from one generation to the next in mice. More studies are ongoing. Atomic Veterans have long begged the government to do a study of Atomic Vets' children and grandchildren to settle this debate. Sen. Paul Wellstone, D-Minn., one of the few friends Atomic Vets have in Congress, requested such a study in 1999. It was also Wellstone who, after a 1994 meeting with Minnesota veterans who took part in nuclear testing in Nevada, dubbed Atomic Vets "America's most forgotten veterans." But officials from the Institute of Medicine, which is largely funded by the federal government, turned Wellstone down saying the study wasn't feasible. Atomic Vets are convinced that the government intends to stall them into the grave and thereby save billions of dollars in compensation and much embarrassment. If that's the plan, bureaucrats might be whistling through the graveyard, said Dick Conant, commander of the National Association of Atomic Veterans, an Atomic Vet advocacy group that's waging an e-mail and letter-writing campaign for recognition and compensation. Genetically impaired offspring, Conant said, could easily exceed the number of Atomic Vets, which at one time numbered about 220,000. The government refuses to investigate the correlation between radiation exposure and genetically based health problems, Conant said, because of what might be found. HERB BATEMAN HELPS Jim Lyerly has written every president since Eisenhower - except for Johnson, whom he didn't like - and has petitioned the Department of Veterans Affairs four times for help since 1958. But help has rarely come. A partial victory is the best he's done in more than 40 years of trying and only came after the late Rep. Herbert H. Bateman, R-Newport News, took up Lyerly's case in 1991. In response to a Bateman letter, the Veterans Administration sent the congressman a fact sheet on Lyerly. "Detailed Department of the Navy reports of 1981 and 1983 place his radiation exposure level during the operation at one-fourth of the national occupational radiation exposure standards in effect in 1981," it read. "Mr. Lyerly's claim history has been reviewed repeatedly during the past two years in response to multiple inquiries on his behalf from a wide variety of public officials. "However, no jurisdiction of VA has concluded that there is an evidential basis sufficient to establish a reasonable doubt" of Lyerly's conditions being caused by his military duty. VA officials might not have thought the government owed Lyerly anything. But Bateman, a man not known to suffer fools or deadbeats gladly, did. "Herb always believed that Mr. Lyerly wasn't dealt with fairly," said Angela Welch, a former Bateman staff worker on the Peninsula. "He absolutely believed Mr. Lyerly's story. It all checked out when he looked into it." "In fact, I probably shouldn't tell you this," Welch said, "but Herb raised the money for Mr. Lyerly when he was going to lose his house because he couldn't pay the mortgage." Bateman also took the uncommon step of speaking on Lyerly's behalf at a VA hearing convened to evaluate his case. With Bateman's help, Lyerly received a 40 percent disability compensation for having most of this stomach removed after the Navy forced him from the service. It pays him $427 a month, which does not begin to cover Lyerly's medical bills that now top $150,000. Lyerly has no idea how he'll pay or how much longer doctors will continue treating him without being paid. And Lyerly is one of the lucky ones. Few Atomic Veterans - or their widows - ever get any money from the government. In fact, government policies make it tougher for Atomic Vets to qualify for VA compensation than it is for Vietnam or Gulf War vets to do so, said Dr. Susan H. Mather, a senior VA official. "I think it is fact that by law the Atomic Veterans are held to higher standards of proof than Gulf War vets," said Mather. "This has been pointed out and Congress has chosen not to act on it." Until the late 1980s, Atomic Vets could only qualify for disability compensation by proving they'd been exposed to at least 5 rems of radiation, a standard that has proven nearly impossible to meet. That standard changed in 1988. Under the Radiation Exposed Veterans Compensation Act, Atomic Vets suffering from leukemia, cancer of the thyroid, breast, pharynx, esophagus, stomach and gall bladder and six other cancers found were entitled to benefits. All Atomic Vets had to do to qualify was to prove they were present during nuclear testing. Veterans' organizations applauded the act, but were disappointed that more cancers weren't included and that there were no benefits for Atomic Vets with non-cancerous health problems. Lyerly fell into this latter group. Despite getting sick while in the Navy, then having most of his stomach and a pre-cancerous gall bladder surgically removed, he failed to qualify for benefits. A bigger disappointment was coming. In 1990 Congress passed "down-winders" legislation that benefited people living down wind of nuclear testing in Nevada, Utah and Arizona. Uranium miners were also covered. The cancer list for down-winders included those listed in the 1988 act as well as cancer of the lung, colon, brain and ovaries. This new, expanded list didn't apply to the Atomic Vets. Disabled American Veterans were incensed. "Veterans exposed to radiation suffer debilitating illnesses and disabilities, but are treated as second-class citizens by the federal government," said Michael E. Dobmeier, the DAV national commander at the time. Dave Autry, a DAV spokesman, wasn't surprised. He'd seen Atomic Vets repeatedly slighted over the years and this slight was just another in a long line. "The way Congress compensates some veteran groups and not others," Autry said, "is arbitrary, and the government has been historically slow to help Atomic Vets." Lyerly said he's seen first hand what he considers unequal and even mean-spirited treatment. "The VA has fought me. You wouldn't believe what their officials have said to me over the years," Lyerly said after a recent visit to a Hampton VA center. "One guy said, '45 years after the incident you are filing a claim?'" "I said, 'I was filing claims before you were born,'" Lyerly recalled. "Since 1958 and in four states." "He said, 'You should've been a Vietnam vet. They give them everything.' " Vietnam Vets have won where Atomic Vets have lost, Autry contends, because, "The Atomic Vet community is not very well-heeled and does not provide money for congressional leaders. All they have is a committed grassroots effort. It is not a block at the voting booth." "NEW LAW WILL NOT CURE CANCERS" In October 2000, President Clinton signed the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act that included the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Act. It benefited certain Department of Energy employees, contractors and subcontractors. Wellstone used the legislation to argue that fairness dictated that veterans get the same benefits as civilians. The law was eventually expanded to cover veterans and took effect in March. "The new rules will not cure their cancers, but they will ease the burden of proof required to receive appropriate compensation for their disabilities," said Veterans Affairs Secretary Anthony J. Principi. The latest act is expected to cost $80.3 million a year for the next 10 years. That's based on approving 16,764 of an expected 139,617 claims for both disability and death benefits. The 12 percent claim-approval rate forecast would be more then double any approval rate Atomic Vets have seen in the past. Bernie Clark, a spokesman for the National Association of Atomic Veterans, proclaimed this "the best time ever" for an Atomic Veteran to get a claim through. "The VA wants to get a lot of these claims settled," Clark said. "Of course a lot of these vets have passed on. But their widows can file." But the "best time" is just the same old time for Lyerly and his family. None of the legislation helps them because he has no condition recognized as resulting from radiation exposure. For Lyerly, absolutely nothing has changed for the better and time grinds on. Lyerly's health is now deteriorating by the month. Lately, his mind wanders on the wisps of pain medication taken to counter complications of prostate cancer surgery. Surgical tubing pokes out his zipper and runs to a large pouch of urine that he carries around in a doubled-up plastic supermarket bag. He might be catheterized for life. A growth on the inside of his leg might be cancerous, but fear and cost keep him from finding out. "He's worried," said his estranged wife, Jerry. "He's scared. He doesn't know what is going to happen." Lyerly can't speak of his life - much less his time in the Navy - without becoming distraught. Bitter does not begin to describe his feelings. But he draws a sharp distinction between what the United States stands for and the injustices he believes have been done to him by those in the government. "No one is more patriotic than I am," Lyerly said. "I love this country more than I do my own life." In the next breath, he equates America's treatment of Atomic Vets with Saddam Hussein's use of poison gas on his own people. He verbally lashes out at Jerry in front of company and leaves his daughter Michelle, whose family he now lives with, wondering what to do. Jerry fears that radiation exposure may have addled her husband's mind. Sometimes his actions are an argument that she may be right. When not raging at someone or something, sickness and loss envelop Lyerly in an oppressive cocoon that can be suffocating to be near. Interspersed are calm moments of clarity and acceptance. "I don't think anything will happen until after we are all dead," said Lyerly of the Atomic Vets. "It will come out afterwards. I just wanted my story told so people would know what happened to me." "I want you to talk to everyone. Don't take my word for any of this. And if you find that one word that I have told you is a lie, I want you to write that Jim Lyerly is a liar. You must tell the truth about this so everyone knows what they did." From the shirt pocket over his heart Lyerly pulls out a small, dog-eared Bible. The nine one-dollar bills that his son Jamie Jr. carried in his wallet when he died mark a passage from Romans: "But God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we are yet sinners, Christ died for us." Much of Lyerly's Bible is underlined, especially the passages promising comfort and justice in the next life. "They took my life away. They ruined my whole family and took away my life and the only dream I ever had." Rick Rogers can be reached at 247-4629 or by e-mail at rrogers@dailypress.com. Copyright (c) 2002, Daily Press ------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ---------------------~--> Home Selling? Try Us! http://us.click.yahoo.com/QrPZMC/iTmEAA/MVfIAA/6xSolB/TM ---------------------------------------------------------------------~-> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: radiation-survivors-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com ----- Together we can make a difference.. Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ ***************************************************************** 11 UK: Servicemen exposed to radiation* The Ministry of Defence has admitted it used Australian servicemen in radiation experiments in the 1950s. The men were ordered to run, walk and crawl across contaminated areas but the MoD says they were only exposed to very low levels of radiation and were not put at risk. British researcher Sue Rabbit Roff discovered a document in the Australian National Archive which revealed that Australian personnel were used to test different types of clothing to find out what protection they offered against radiation. "We never used people as human guinea pigs," an MoD spokesman said. We were testing the effects of very low level radiation fallout on clothing not personnel MoD spokesman "We did conduct tests in the 1950s and 1960s on Commonwealth officers and they were asked to participate as logistical support. "We were testing the effects of very low level radiation fallout on clothing not personnel." Ms Roff, senior research fellow at Dundee University, said the document she discovered lists 24 Australian personnel who were used in experiments to see what clothing would be more protective in a nuclear war. The men were asked to wear particular types of clothing and to crawl and walk through ground zero some hours and days after the detonation of nuclear and atomic weapons at Maralinga," she said. The Australian Government has said it intends to investigate the allegations. * Nuclear tests timeline * 1952-63 - British Government carries out nuclear tests in Australia 1956 - Maralinga becomes location for all tests in Australia 1967 - Maralinga officially closed 1984 Australian Royal Commission set up in response to safety concerns Britain conducted a series of tests at Monte Bello Island off Western Australia and at Maralinga in the southern Australian desert. Morris May, a lawyer representing a group of 30 Australian veterans seeking compensation for exposure to radiation during nuclear testing, told the radio his clients had long claimed they were used as guinea pigs. He said one veteran, a driver, had described how he had been instructed to walk through a contaminated area wearing army issue woollen clothing. No one believed him. © MMII ***************************************************************** 12 NRC Failed to Perform Inspections October 09, 2002 By JOHN SEEWER ASSOCIATED PRESS TOLEDO, Ohio- The Nuclear Regulatory Commission failed to perform inspections that could have detected an acid leak well before it caused the most extensive corrosion ever found on a U.S. nuclear reactor, according to an agency review released Wednesday. The internal review marks the first time the NRC has formally acknowledged making mistakes that led to the damage at the Davis-Besse plant near Toledo. The agency also blames the plant's operator, FirstEnergy Corp. An NRC report issued last week said inspectors found violations of 10 federal regulations at the plant. Boric acid nearly ate through a 6-inch-thick steel reactor cap by the time the first of two leaks was discovered in March. The discovery, which the NRC has said should have been spotted several years earlier, led to a nationwide review of all 69 similar plants. The report released Wednesday said the NRC and the nuclear industry did not think boric acid deposits would cause significant corrosion. An NRC senior inspector became aware of the deposits in 2000 but never notified superiors or inspected the area more closely, the report said. Agency spokesman Jan Strasma said NRC managers will review the report's more than 50 recommendations. "Certainly there'll be changes made," he said. "This is a first step," said David Lochbaum, of the Union of Concerned Scientists, which has advocated tighter safety rules for nuclear plants. "We need to see how successful the agency is at making these changes happen." Davis-Besse spokesman Richard Wilkins said Wednesday that the company is focusing on improving its inspections and standards. The plant remains shut down. Workers have replaced the damaged reactor head. The company wants to restart the plant early next year, but regulators have not indicated if they will allow that. On the Net: http://www.nrc.gov [http://www.nrc.gov] http://www.ucsusa.org [http://www.ucsusa.org] http://www.firstenergycorp.com [http://www.firstenergycorp.com] All contents copyright 2002 Las Vegas SUN, Inc. ***************************************************************** 13 Ukrainian nuclear plant workers under investigation for using fake diplomas to get jobs Oct 10, 2002 KIEV, Ukraine - Authorities are investigating several nuclear plant workers in western Ukraine for allegedly using fake diplomas to get high-paying jobs, a spokesman for Ukraine's state nuclear power monopoly said Thursday. The 10 workers bought fake diplomas between 1999-2001 for as much as US$600 from a university in the southern city of Odessa, indicating that they were specialists in "atomic energy and electric power stations," the daily Kievskiy Vedemosti reported, citing the deputy prosecutor general for Rivne, Vasyl Kundiuk. Doubts about the workers' qualifications arose when officials investigated a number of reports of technical problems at the plant, the report said. The workers held a variety of engineering and administrative positions, ranging from senior operator to shift boss. The apparent motive for the workers' ruse was higher salaries. They earned 6,000-8,000 hyrvnas (US$1100-US$1500) per month at the plant — more than 10 times the average wage in this struggling former Soviet republic, Kievskiy Vedemosti wrote. Three Soviet-designed reactors operate at Rivne and construction of a new reactor is about 85 percent complete. Ukraine received international funds to build new reactors at Rivne and Khmelnytskyi to compensate for power lost when the Chernobyl nuclear plant, site of world's worst nuclear disaster in 1986, was closed in 2000. Ukraine operates four nuclear power plants with 13 reactors that are frequently shut down for both planned and unscheduled repairs. (tv/ee) Copyright © 2002 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. The ***************************************************************** 14 Open books, Envirocare told [deseretnews.com] Wednesday, October 9, 2002 Activists suspect firm involved in secret deals By Donna Kemp Spangler Deseret News staff writer Environmentalists and government watchdogs on Wednesday called on the Utah Attorney General's Office to investigate allegations that a radioactive waste company negotiated secret deals with Tooele County commissioners. "Cooperation and partnerships between local government and local business can be a good thing and should be encouraged," said Tooele County activist Chip Ward. "But those relationships should always be open and accountable, especially if the business has a history that is tainted by corruption." The activists are hoping to enlist the attorney general's help and thereby turn up the heat on Envirocare and its owner Khosrow Semnani to open the company's books — something they have been trying to look at for years but have been denied because Envirocare is a private company. The activists, all part of a larger initiative campaign to raise taxes on Envirocare, are aching to look at the books before November's election when voters may well decide Envirocare's future. "Certainly, this is part of a bigger push to get them to open their books," Ward said. "Envirocare says the initiative will put them out of business. But how do we know that? We don't know if they made $20 million last year or $50 million or $100 million. Open their books and we would have a more objective view of what they are talking about." With the election but 3 1/2 weeks away, Ward acknowledged the timing of Wednesday's planned press conference was politically motivated more than it was to trumpet new information. Former Envirocare President Charles Judd made accusations of "anti-competitive conduct" in a civil suit filed months ago after he was unceremoniously terminated by the radioactive waste disposal company. The merits of those allegations have yet to be heard in court, but the charges have nonetheless provided fodder for initiative proponents. Judd is represented by the law firm of Jones, Waldo Holbrook and McDonough. The initiative is being organized out of the offices of Frank Pignanelli and Doug Foxley, who work for the same law firm. The initiative would raise taxes on Envirocare by several hundred percent, ostensibly to raise money for schools and the homeless. A major instigator of the initiative is former Salt Lake Tribune Publisher Jack Gallivan, who hopes it will raise money for his Crusade for the Homeless project. But Envirocare says it will raise only false hope because the company could not afford the taxes and would just close its doors. Ward said Judd's allegations are serious enough they warrant investigation regardless of whether or not there is an initiative. An amended complaint was filed in 3rd District Court on May 28, but at the request of Judd's attorney the documents were sealed and replaced with a "corrected" version. James Lowrie, Judd's attorney, said the reason the amended complaint was filed at all was a result of a "miscommunication between me and others in my office." The sealed complaint alleges Envirocare engaged in a pattern of "anti-competitive conduct" such as inducing state legislators to enact legislation that would preserve Envirocare's monopoly and negotiating secret agreements with Tooele County commissioners. "The relationship he describes between Envirocare and Tooele County commissioners could not be characterized as above-board," Ward said. "It could be characterized as over the phone, behind the back and under the table." Ward said the federal government did not fine Semnani $100,000 on tax charges because his "business ethics were impeccable and his integrity laudable." Semnani was fined for his role in what prosecutors described as a scheme by a former state regulator to extort money, gold and property from Semnani. Semnani reportedly paid hundreds of thousands of dollars to Larry Anderson, who was convicted of some charges in connection with that scheme. Judd's lawsuit alleges Semnani had sweetheart deals with Tooele County commissioners, including one where a $1.5 million contribution to a firefighters museum was credited against the company's future taxes. "People in Tooele County work for Khosrow Semnani. They did not elect him the fourth invisible commissioner," Ward said. Contributing: Linda Thomson © 2002 Deseret News Publishing Company ***************************************************************** 15 Pact extended at West Valley Buffalo News - [http://www.buffalonews.com ANTHONY CARDINALE News Staff Reporter 10/9/2002 West Valley Demonstration Project has received a 27-month contract extension worth $230 million. The federal contract will allow the firm to continue in its third decade of work at the former nuclear waste-processing plant and to complete construction of a remote-handled waste facility. The announcement of the contract with the U.S. Department of Energy was made Tuesday by West Valley Nuclear Services Co., primary manager of the 3,000-acre site since 1981. The firm has done nearly $2 billion in work since it was awarded the original contract to decontaminate the site for the Energy Department and the state Energy Research and Development Authority. Last month, the firm announced the historic completion of a project in which 600,000 gallons of highly radioactive waste were stabilized in stainless-steel-encased glass logs. "This extension is a reconfirmation of the unique capabilities our people have to safely manage a project like this across its entire life cycle," said Stephen G. Hanks, president and CEO of Idaho-based Washington Group International, parent of West Valley Nuclear Services. He credited the company with "achieving a world-class safety record and earning the DOE's most prestigious safety honor - the Voluntary Protection Program "star' status." Under the contract extension, Hanks said, the firm "will focus on decontaminating the former processing facility and completing construction of a remote-handled waste facility" by the end of 2004. [http://www.buffalonews.com/copyright.htm] ***************************************************************** 16 Sellafield: SEVEN-STOREY CENTRE REDUCED TO RUBBLE [The Whitehaven News] HOW the mighty are fallen - or nibbled to bits in the case of B403, Sellafield's administration/management centre which has dominated the main entrance to the nuclear site for the best part of 40 years. The seven-storey office block which has been second home to hundreds of BNFL staff and top brass is now on its way down. The Nibbler, or Muncher as the machinery is also known among site staff, is chewing it up bit by bit. By the end of November the 120ft B403 will be no more. A vast empty space will be returned to greenfield. The area inside the Sellafield main gates will be grassed over and landscaped - just as it used to be before vehicular pressures resulted in some attractive greenery being dug up, concreted over and turned into a car park. The BNFL man behind the Ł700,000 demolition project, Tony Price, said: "We are going to build a mound and make some sort of pleasing feature, possibly a flower-bedded type of arrangement. "The intention is to change the look and image of the site." For the first time ever, there will be a Welcome to Sellafield sign - possibly spelled out in flowers. For the next few weeks, B403 will be munched away by The Nibbler, a long-reach piece of relatively-new machinery with huge jaws. BNFL engineering expert Tom Gilroy said: "It's job is to nibble away at the structure, cracking it all up, pulling it all down. "Then the rubble is loaded on to lorries and taken away for recycling." The decision to knock down B403 was taken several years ago when BNFL set about decamping around 300 staff. The project bosses categorically deny it was becoming unsafe. "It is a very strong structurally," said Mr Price. "In fact, the contractors say they haven't seen anything like it since they were in the Nat West Bank vaults. "Unfortunately, the characteristics of the era in which it was built don't fit with the safety and suitability of today's modern office work." The cost of dismantling the building is Ł700,000. Most of the B403 staff are now housed in a custom-built block near Thorp. [http://www.whitehaven-news.co.uk ***************************************************************** 17 BNFL: the strangest privatization yet Tuesday October 8, 09:18 PM The CEO of BNFL believes the company may be privatized within the next three or four years. Later in the decade, the UK government might try to privatize BNFL, the part of Britain's nuclear industry that remains government-owned. It is very unlikely that such a privatization would generate sufficient investor interest, given the recent woes of British Energy shareholders. However, certain parts of the company could viably be spun off. When the UK's nuclear industry was partially privatized in the mid-1990s, the newly-created private entity British Energy inherited the bulk of the country's nuclear generation capacity. The state retained the technically obsolete Magnox reactors, as well as the Sellafield reprocessing plant, via British Nuclear Fuels (BNFL). Those were the assets that private investors did not want. Nevertheless, BNFL has now embarked on a major restructuring program, which could pave the way for an eventual privatization. The restructuring will split the company's business into the Nuclear Utilities Business Group (NUBG), comprising of the global fuel manufacturing and reactor services business, and the Government Services Business Group (GSBG), consisting of the Magnox power plants, environmental services and the reprocessing facilities at Sellafield. BNFL's CEO Norman Askew envisages privatization within four years, by which time, the government will have established the Liabilities Management Authority to assume BNFL's multi-billion nuclear clean-up obligations. Without such a step, BNFL's long-term financial position would be untenable, given its ageing power plants and the huge financial burden. However, in the wake of the huge losses incurred by BE shareholders, privatization may not appeal to investors. BE received what was at the time considered the country's prime nuclear assets, and still found itself on the brink of insolvency. Many of the same business fundamentals that created grave problems for BE apply to BNFL, not to mention the general anti-nuclear sentiment in the investor community. In addition, BE is BNFL's largest client, with an annual GBP300 million reprocessing contract: BE's difficulties are BNFL's difficulties. A feasible avenue for the government would be to further split BNFL, keeping the GSBG and spinning off the NUBG. The latter would not be burdened with obsolete nuclear power stations nor dependent on the long-term well-being of BE and so should be able to position itself as a lean, global nuclear asset-manager specialist. You can download a FREE utilities report from www.dmfreereports.com Copyright © 2002 Yahoo! Inc. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 18 UK: Plan to recover nuclear gas rejected NewScientist.com 19:00 09 October 02 The UK's Environment Agency plans to allow emissions of a radioactive gas from the Sellafield nuclear complex in Cumbria to rise threefold. In recommendations to health and environment ministers, the EA has rejected an option from its own consultants to introduce technology to freeze and store the gas in question, krypton-85, and in doing so make money by extracting valuable xenon gas. The EA's decision has been dubbed "spineless" by Greenpeace. As the krypton freezes, the xenon condenses from the air. The market is growing for xenon, which is used in car headlights, double-glazing and lasers. Krypton-85 is created in nuclear reactors and released when spent fuel is reprocessed. In 2001, reprocessing plants at Sellafield discharged 103 million gigabecquerels of krypton-85 into the air. The gas circulates the globe and, according to standard risk estimates, future emissions could cause an extra 80 cases of cancer worldwide over 10 years. A study commissioned by the Environment Agency from RM Consultants in Warrington, Cheshire, says that it would be "technically possible" to separate out the krypton-85, and then store it for 100 years while its radioactivity decayed. The state-owned company that runs Sellafield, British Nuclear Fuels, estimates that this would cost at least Ł335 million. But the EA has decided not to force BNFL to build a krypton-85 removal plant. In its latest review of radioactive discharges from Sellafield, the EA simply asks BNFL to justify its claim that it will take seven years to develop the technology. As reprocessing may end in 2016, introducing the technology now would be "uneconomic", the EA says. Greenpeace is urging ministers to overturn the recommendation. The consultants' study says the separation process could earn BNFL Ł10 million a year. Producing xenon at Sellafield could also benefit BNFL by showing that there is at least one valuable by-product from the plant's controversial operations. Similar technology has already been used in the US to prevent krypton-85 being emitted from a processing plant at Argonne National Laboratory in Idaho Falls. BNFL was first told to develop the technology to prevent krypton-85 emissions 25 years ago, when it was given permission for a new reprocessing plant. It says it has devoted considerable time, effort and expense to investigating options for removing krypton-85. But it has concluded that the technology would involve "unjustified exposure risks to both workers and potentially members of the public". Rob Edwards ***************************************************************** 19 CIA deflates BUSH claims / Russia doesn't believe them either Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 01:28:22 -0500 (CDT) http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,808956,00.html The Guardian (London) Thursday October 10, 2002 Julian Borger in Washington CIA IN BLOW TO BUSH ATTACK PLANS President George Bush's attempt to maintain public support for military action against Iraq has taken a fresh blow from an unexpected quarter, with the publication of a letter from the CIA stating that while Saddam Hussein poses little threat to America now, a US invasion could push him into retaliating with chemical or biological weapons. The unusually detailed public statement, in the form of a letter from the CIA director, George Tenet, to Congress, comes at a highly sensitive moment, potentially damaging Mr Bush's attempt to rally an overwhelming congressional mandate for the use of force against Iraq. In a chilling excerpt, Mr Tenet warned that if Saddam was personally threatened he might seize "his last chance to exact vengeance by taking a large number of victims with him". The risk of such an attack, possibly involving weapons of mass destruction, would rise from "low" to "pretty high" were Saddam to feel cornered by US military might. Such a stark judgment seems likely to increase public anxiety about the prospect of a new war. There is still majority backing for military action, but that support appears to be fading despite a concerted public relations campaign by the administration to put its case. Approval for military action has fallen from 57% last month to 53% this week, according to a US Gallup poll. The CIA letter was seized on by Democrat opponents of military action, at the height of the congressional debate on a resolution authorising an invasion if and when the president deems it necessary. Donald Payne, a House Democrat, said that Mr Tenet's letter showed that the Bush administration's aggressive strategy "could trigger the very things that our president has said that he is trying to prevent: the use of chemical or biological weapons. In view of this report, the policy of a pre-emptive strike is troublesome." Mr Tenet's letter came in response to a congressional request to declassify segments of CIA briefings on Iraq over the past few days. He said: "Baghdad for now appears to be drawing a line short of conducting terrorist attacks with conventional or CBW [chemical and biological weapons] against the United States." This assessment is reinforced by testimony given to Congress last week by an unnamed senior intelligence officer, which Mr Tenet allowed to be declassified. The officer said: "My judgment would be that the probability of [Saddam] initiating an attack . . . in the foreseeable future, given the conditions we understand now, the likelihood I think would be low." Asked about the likelihood of an Iraqi chemical or biological attack on the US in response to an invasion, the intelligence officer said: "Pretty high, in my view." Mr Tenet emphasised the same point in his own words. "Should Saddam conclude that a US-led attack could no longer be deterred, he probably would become much less constrained in adopting terrorist actions," he wrote. He added that Saddam might work with Islamist terrorists to carry out an attack. It is unusual for the CIA to put such details of its intelligence assessments into a public document. The letter was produced after intense pressure from senators. The letter also comes at a time when the CIA is competing with the more hawkish Pentagon, which is also supplying the White House with intelligence on the Iraqi threat. "You have to ask yourself the question, since Tenet is part of the team, why now?" said Fred Hitz, a former CIA inspector general. "You have to go back to the Vietnam era to find a time when the judgment of the intelligence community was in the public eye on such a current affairs basis." The White House last night denied that the CIA analysis undermined Mr Bush's message on the urgency of confronting Baghdad. Mr Tenet "did not say we're OK," the White House spokesman, Ari Fleischer, said. "If Saddam Hussein holds a gun to someone's head, while he denies he even owns a gun, do you really want to take a chance that he'll never use it." In a bid to dampen the controversy, Mr Tenet later put out a statement insisting: "There is no inconsistency between our view of Saddam's growing threat and the view as expressed in [Bush's] speech. "Although we think the chances of Saddam initiating a WMD [weapons of mass destruction] attack at this moment are low, in part because it would constitute an admission that he possesses WMD, there is no question that the likelihood of Saddam using WMD against the US or our allies in the region for blackmail, deterrence or otherwise grows as his arsenal continues to build." =========== http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,808849,00.html The Guardian Thursday October 10, 2002 Ewen MacAskill and David Munk and Nick Paton Walsh in Moscow SECURITY COUNCIL NEAR COMPROMISE ON ACCESS FOR WEAPONS INSPECTORS Blair to urge Putin to accept tough resolution The UN security council is edging towards a compromise resolution on Iraq demanding unfettered access for weapons inspectors to Saddam Hussein's eight presidential palaces. The five permanent members of the UN security council, the US, Britain, France, China and Russia, met in private in New York on Tuesday and would not reveal their discussions. They are awaiting instructions from their capitals. Tony Blair is to fly to Moscow tonight to try to persuade the Russian president, Vladimir Putin, to accept the UN compromise. The weapons inspectors are to establish whether Iraq is hiding biological, chemical or nuclear-linked weapons. The US and Britain have put forward tough proposals that would see any Iraqi obstacles to the weapons inspectors trigger military action. France, Russia and China oppose such a trigger and have argued that a new resolution is unnecessary. Although publicly France, Russia and China have not changed their position, in private they are moving towards a compromise. France is reported to have put forward a draft on Tuesday that is closer to the US position. The likely compromise is that a 1998 memorandum agreed between Iraq and the UN secretary-general, Kofi Annan, will be annulled. The memorandum set out conditions for entry by the inspectors into President Saddam's eight palaces: the inspectors had to give notice and to be accompanied by international diplomats. Annulling the 1998 memorandum would see a return to the position of unfettered access that the inspectors had after the Gulf War in 1991. The question of a trigger is likely to be fudged. Mr Blair is to spend 24 hours with Mr Putin at his country retreat. They will also discuss Chechnya. Mr Blair, who regards himself as having a good relationship with the Russia leader, will tell Mr Putin he has sympathy with him over the problems posed by the Chechens, who have been blamed for attacks in Moscow. But Iraq will dominate. In an unusually critical outburst, Sergei Yastrzhembsky, one of Mr Putin's advisers, accused Mr Blair of behaving like a public relations officer for Washington. Mr Yastrzhembsky told British journalists that aggression against Iraq was not only unwarranted but also threatened to destabilise Russian growth and interests. He confirmed that Russia is prepared to look at a new resolution. But he remained sceptical about US and British motives: "The international community has seen no evidence that Iraq has weapons of mass destruction, including the well-known document published in London. All this cannot be regarded as evidence. We could call it PR support for possible strikes." He complained that Washington had kept Russia out of the loop and said Mr Putin was looking forward to hearing some answers from Mr Blair. He added that Russia had a financial rather than ideological interest in Iraq: "Russian oil companies have promising oil fields in Iraq that they want to develop. Iraq buys the produce of our machine-building industry. They owe us between $8bn and $10bn. Our concerns are that we do not want those financial and economic interests to be affected." Russia's deputy foreign minister, Yuri Fedotov, also signalled that Mr Putin was moving towards acceptance of a new resolution. "There have been many resolutions," Mr Fedotov said. "And if there will be another resolution, there will be another resolution." According to western diplomats, the US has been threatening that Russia would lose huge amounts in western aid if it proves troublesome over Iraq. One diplomat said the negotiations were no longer about trade or oil concessions but instead focused on securing Russian support in the light of US aid it receives annually. ====================== *** NOTICE: In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, this material is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. Feel free to distribute widely but PLEASE acknowledge the original source. *** ***************************************************************** 20 [southnews] Show us some money: Russia sets out its conditions Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 23:30:45 -0500 (CDT) Home Selling? Try Us! http://us.click.yahoo.com/QrPZMC/iTmEAA/MVfIAA/7gSolB/TM ---------------------------------------------------------------------~-> ---------- Show us some money: Russia sets out its conditions for backing war with Iraq By Julius Strauss and George Trefgarne in Moscow and London October 11 2002 Russia has indicated it would demand a high price for its support in the campaign against Iraq but that it would not ultimately stand in the way of the United States. Briefing Western journalists on Wednesday, Sergei Yastrzhembsky, President Vladimir Putin's official spokesman, said: "The devil will be in the detail of these [United Nations] resolutions, but our position is essentially pragmatic. What is interesting for us is our economic and financial interests." France also moved closer to accepting the inevitability of war in Iraq, while continuing to criticise Washington's hawkish stance. Following a parliamentary debate on Iraq on Tuesday evening, the French Foreign Minister, Dominique de Villepin, said France would not use its UN Security Council veto to block a US-backed resolution on Iraq, because that would deprive it of its influence. While France still appeared wedded to its insistence that there must be a two-stage process of UN resolutions on Iraq, the latest diplomatic manoeuvres may render a second resolution moot. The British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, in an interview with the BBC before his scheduled arrival in Moscow yesterday, played down suggestions that Mr Putin would demand huge financial guarantees in return for support in a war against Iraq. "Obviously, there are interests that Russia has in this issue, but I don't think it's a question of price tags," Mr Blair said. "It's a question of making sure that we do this in such a way that the world is made a safer place, that Iraq can develop and that the interests of everybody, including Russia, are taken account of." However, Mr Yastrzhembsky made it clear that Russia's policy on Iraq was driven by economic concerns. At the heart of its fears are the effects that a war in Iraq might have on the price of oil. Russia, which relies on oil for half of its external income, fears that if Saddam Hussein is deposed, the US may attempt to flood the market with cheap Iraqi oil to bolster its own economy. Economists say that for Russia, still battling with the huge costs of economic restructuring, a steep fall in the oil price could provoke financial disaster. The price of oil, presently about $US29 a barrel, is widely expected to fall if the US wages a successful war against Iraq. Mr Yastrzhembsky said Russia could cope with a fall in price to $US18 a barrel, but not any lower. A fall of this magnitude in the crude oil price would probably translate to a fall of between 20" and 25" a litre at the Australian petrol pump. Moscow said it would also be looking for guarantees that Russian companies would be able to keep valuable oilfields in western Iraq if Saddam was deposed. The Telegraph, London This story was found at: http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/10/11/1034222548197.html [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: southnews-unsubscribe@egroups.com Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ ***************************************************************** 21 [southnews] Iraq throws open suspect sites Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 23:31:27 -0500 (CDT) Sell a Home for Top $ http://us.click.yahoo.com/RrPZMC/jTmEAA/MVfIAA/7gSolB/TM ---------------------------------------------------------------------~-> ---------- Iraq Shows Suspected Nuclear Site By ELLEN KNICKMEYER Associated Press Writer October 10, 2002, 3:54 PM EDT BAGHDAD, Iraq -- Iraqi generals threw open a sprawling complex Thursday that the United States suspects may be developing nuclear arms. Iraq insists it turns out nothing more deadly than toothbrushes. As Western and Iraqi reporters clambered on machine parts or skidded on machine oil, the latest tour showed what past outings have: How hard it would be for any eyes -- untrained, in the skies, or expert -- to see what Saddam Hussein might wish concealed. "This shows that this site has nothing to hide. You can see for yourself," said Gen. Hussan Mohammed Amin, surrounded by machine parts heavily shrouded in plastic. The stacks of covered gear were machines that workers dismantled and scattered for fear of a U.S. attack, said Amin, director-general of the Iraqi commission that has worked with U.N. arms inspectors. "I told the people here they should have buried them" for protection, the general added under his breath. Journalists were told the plant made dies, molds, and steel structures. Iraq's top military industrialization minister repeated Thursday that his country has no programs for weapons of mass destruction -- but said it could retaliate for any attack nonetheless. "If the Americans commit another such crime against us, we will teach them something they will never forget," Gen. Abdel Tawab Mullah Huweish said at a news conference in Baghdad. Sprawling over two square miles north of Baghdad, the Nassr industrial site twice has been the target of U.S.-led attacks -- during the 1991 Persian Gulf War and in 1998 after U.N. inspectors withdrew to protest what they called Iraq's noncooperation with efforts to monitor its weapons programs. After each strike it was rebuilt. U.N. resolutions after the Gulf War ordered Iraq to destroy all nuclear, biological and chemical weapon programs and the missiles to deliver such arms. As President Bush tried this week to build his case with the American people for action against Iraq, he and the White House cited the Nassr plant and three others as being sites used in Iraqi efforts to develop nuclear weapons. The White House produced what it said were satellite photos of two of the sites. Iraq has agreed to the return of weapons inspectors, absent since 1998. But before the inspections resume, the United States is holding out for a tougher U.N. resolution that would demand access to Saddam's many presidential palace sites, among other stipulations. The Americans "don't want the inspectors to come ... (because) they will visit the accused sites and see that nothing has taken place," Amin told reporters outside the Nassr plant. "For Americans, this will create a crisis, a crisis for their credibility," he said. In recent months, Iraqi officials have escorted journalists to a number of suspected sites, to dispute American claims. Iraqis said they would take Western reporters on Saturday to a second of the four alleged nuclear sites specified by Bush. The second site, Al Furat, south of Baghdad, conducts electronics research for civilian use, Huweish said. U.S. intelligence officials charged last week that the Iraqi government has made repeated attempts to smuggle in goods for Al Furat that could be used for a centrifuge in nuclear work. At the Nassr plant Thursday, Amin led reporters through four vast buildings. Plant director Tahssin Salman Mousa called it a "surprise visit." Officials said journalists were free to see anywhere in the plant, but there were dozens of tin-roofed structures in the complex that journalists did not have time to view. There was little sign of trucks with goods going in or out of the plant. Amin said some production had been shut down as a precaution against U.S.-led attacks. At issue for U.N. inspectors is machinery that can be used either for civilian or military ends. Amin said the Nassr plant does have some "dual-use" technology, including 3-dimensional computer imaging for molding complex parts, but only for civilian ends. Inside, cameramen climbed atop machines to video the crowd and random machine parts. Reporters surrounded Iraqi officials, who sometimes tried to edge away. Journalists were shown workers laboring at a fierce furnace and welders sweating over oil tankers. Brochures in English showed the plant producing goods including something called a "heart machine" and the bases for toothbrushes. Without the expertise to know what to ask about or where to look, the crowd looked more like a kindergarten class touring a soft drinking bottling plant. "Oh, yeah, it's the D-D-D triple X," one cameraman muttered sarcastically as an official offered no sound explanation to what the machine does. Iraq denies it has ever had a nuclear weapons program. In 1993, Hans Blix of the International Atomic Energy Agency declared that Iraq's nuclear weapons program had been "either destroyed or neutralized." Soon after, U.N. weapons inspectors in Iraq said they had discovered a nuclear weapons program well under way. Aides say the chagrined Blix, now foremost in the renewed inspections effort, has been put on his guard by that event. Copyright ) 2002, The Associated Press [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: southnews-unsubscribe@egroups.com Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ ***************************************************************** 22 [southnews] US to give Israel 72 hours notice before Iraq Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 23:31:36 -0500 (CDT) Plan to Sell a Home? http://us.click.yahoo.com/J2SnNA/y.lEAA/MVfIAA/7gSolB/TM ---------------------------------------------------------------------~-> ---------- Official: U.S. Would Give Israel 72 Hours Notice Before Attacking Iraq By Mark Lavie Oct 10, 2002 JERUSALEM (AP) - The United States will give Israel three days notice before attacking Iraq, a senior Israeli official said Thursday, giving the country time to prepare for a possible Iraqi strike. With Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon scheduled travel to Washington to meet President Bush Oct. 16 for discussions about the possibility of a U.S. attack on Iraq, the official, speaking on condition of anonymity, told The Associated Press that Israel was satisfied with preparations and coordination with the United States. The senior official would not give specifics, declining to comment on the possibility that in the case of an Iraqi missile attack, Israel would receive real-time information from U.S. military satellites, as reported in Israeli media. Israeli daily Yediot Ahronot reported Sunday that the United States had agreed to give Israel the satellite intelligence, but didn't cite any sources. According to reports in Israeli publications, intelligence sharing was limited during the 1991 conflict. In Israel, many fear that Saddam would seek support from the Arab world by firing Scud missiles at Israel, as in the Gulf War, when Israel was targeted with 39 Scuds that caused damage and injuries, but no deaths. All Iraqi missiles in the Gulf War had conventional warheads - but the main fear now, as then, is the possibility of a nonconventional attack, including biological and chemical war heads. The Patriot missile defense batteries, built by the United States as an anti-aircraft system and modified to guard against incoming missiles, had only partial success against the Scuds in the Gulf War. With assistance from the United States, Israel spent the past decade developing the Arrow system, designed to intercept a Scud missile at high altitude early in its flight, before reaching Israeli airspace. A Patriot can knock out an incoming missile only as it nears the end of its flight. Israel has already deployed one Arrow battery at the Palmachim Air Force Base, south of Tel Aviv, the military said. Sharon has said if an Iraqi attack caused many casualties, Israel would have to strike back. AP-ES-10-10-02 1907EDT This story can be found at: http://ap.tbo.com/ap/breaking/MGA2QPBA57D.html *Go Back To The Story [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: southnews-unsubscribe@egroups.com Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ ***************************************************************** 23 [southnews] Think Carefully- Saudi Warns Bush Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 23:32:31 -0500 (CDT) Sell a Home for Top $ http://us.click.yahoo.com/RrPZMC/jTmEAA/MVfIAA/7gSolB/TM ---------------------------------------------------------------------~-> ---------- Think Carefully Saudi Crown Prince Warns President Bush About War With Iraq By Jim Sciutto [ABCNEWS.com] R I Y A D H, Saudi Arabia, Oct. 10 As talk of war on Iraq builds in the United States, fear and anger is felt in the streets of Saudi Arabia, one of the United States' most powerful allies in the Gulf. We were invited inside the palace of Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz for his weekly audience with people from around the country. It was the first time Western television cameras were allowed to film the event. Inside a hall the size of a football field, more than 500 Saudi citizens lined up for a face-to-face meeting with the heir to the throne who is de facto ruler of Saudi Arabia, due to the ill health of his half brother King Fahd. Inside the ornate palace, painted glass covers a 30-foot-high ceiling. The possibility of war in Iraq was not acceptable dinner conversation at the royal table but around the country, it is the No. 1 concern of many Saudis. In a rare interview with Western media, even the crown prince himself expressed little enthusiasm for war. When I asked him if he thought the Bush administration has made the case for war on Iraq, the crown prince answered: "I wish him well, but I think President Bush should think carefully about what he's about to do. He is a man of peace and the American people are people of peace." Instead of talk of war during the event, most requests which were handed to the crown prince on pieces of paper were personal. One man asked for a job. Another asked for help getting his son into military school. A lucky 50 or so people got a more intimate conversation with the crown prince: two or three minutes to explain why he should answer their petition. Later, inside Crown Prince Abdullah's private dining room, everyone was invited to a lavish, eight-course meal. Grilled shrimp was followed by lamb, then turkey, then beef, then veal along with hummus and fresh fruits and vegetables, many from the royal family's own farm. During dinner, average Saudis sang folk songs and recited poems right in front of the crown prince's table. One man praised the royal family at the top of his lungs for uniting the kingdom and "bringing the Saudi people out of the desert." An Attack on Islam? Before the Gulf War, many Saudis genuinely feared Iraq. They thought that after the Iraqis invaded Kuwait, Saudi Arabia could be next on their list. But today, they see Saddam Hussein and his military as much weaker more of a nuisance than a real threat. Interviewed in Riyadh's ancient soukh, or market, one man said: "Economic sanctions have kept Saddam in check. Another war would be bad for the whole region." At traditional majalis, or council meetings, where Saudis discuss politics and world affairs, they're also saying a U.S. attack on Iraq would be an attack on Islam. Why else, they say, would Washington embrace U.N. resolutions against Baghdad but not on Israel, despite escalating violence against Palestinians? The crown prince reserved his strongest language for this issue: "Do you think what's happening to the Palestinians is acceptable to any human conscience? I think President Bush should fulfill his obligations to the Palestinian people." He added that Saudi Arabia's efforts to bring the two sides to the negotiating table are continuing. This sentiment is echoed throughout the Gulf, but in Saudi Arabia, America's closest ally in the region for decades, there's something more a deep sense of betrayal following the terror attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. Fahad al-Amar fought alongside U.S. troops in the Gulf War, but says he would never join a new U.S. war on Iraq. "Nobody wanted to have anything to do with you and we did. Now we get pictures taken when we go to the U.S. like you do for criminals when you take them to jail," he said. "You know, for us, that's heartbreaking." Ambassador: Listen to Saudi Concerns U.S. Ambassador Robert Jordan says America should listen closely to Saudi concerns. The alliance is very important to U.S. national interests, he says. "This isn't some favor we're conferring on the Saudis," said Jordan. "In many, many ways we need the relationship as much as they do." The Saudi government has said it will allow the United States to launch attacks on Iraq from bases inside Saudi Arabia, if there's a new U.N. resolution. And joint-U.S.-Saudi military exercises continue. But the Saudis are performing a delicate balancing act, trying to give some support to the United States on Iraq, without creating more anger at home. Copyright ) 2002 ABC News Internet Ventures. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: southnews-unsubscribe@egroups.com Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ ***************************************************************** 24 [southnews] US 'wants to destroy Iraq, divide Arab world' Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 00:24:59 -0500 (CDT) Sell a Home with Ease! http://us.click.yahoo.com/SrPZMC/kTmEAA/MVfIAA/7gSolB/TM ---------------------------------------------------------------------~-> ---------- US 'wants to destroy Iraq, divide Arab world' October 10 2002 Iraq's Deputy Prime Minister Tareq Aziz accused the United States yesterday of planning to "annihilate Iraq" and then divide up the Arab world as he rallied Syrian support for Baghdad's isolated regime. The United States "wants to annihilate Iraq and then divide up the Middle East. We are all threatened. No Arab countries will be spared even if they participate in the (US) assault against Iraq," Aziz told a conference of Arab groups who oppose the 12-year-old international embargo of Iraq. "After having finished their crime in Iraq, they will turn their attention to the others because for the United States, the Arabs are forbidden to own their own wealth and have a voice," Aziz told an audience of about 500 people. Washington and London have accused Iraq of harbouring terrorists and developing weapons of mass destruction and have threatened military action to disarm Iraq. Aziz said the question of Kuwait, Iraq's oil-rich neighbour which suffered a seven-month occupation by Baghdad between 1990 and 1991, "is only a pretext to annihilate Iraq and its national leadership, to plunder its riches and put an end to its role in the Israeli-Arab conflict." Aziz also vehemently denied US and British charges that Iraq possesses any chemical or biological weapons as well as a secret programme to build a nuclear bomb. "Since the end of 1991, all prohibited weapons were destroyed in Iraq," he insisted. Aziz blasted the threat of "American imperialism which represents political, military and economic hegemony" for the Arab world. "The United States' imperialists are stealing the Middle East's wealth. They are stirring up problems in the regions they want to dominate." He warned that Washington was drawing up "a new map of the region." Aziz also paid tribute to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad who has forged strong ties with Baghdad since taking power in July 2000. "All Arab leaders have abandoned us, but the Syrian regime led by Bashar al-Assad helps Iraq," Aziz said. Western experts believe Syria allows Iraq to smuggle out oil and bring in weapons through the two countries' shared borders. Aziz also boasted about Iraq's role in backing the two-year-old Palestinian uprising and accused Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon of wanting to use the violence "to expel the Palestinians from their land." But unlike in 1948 when Israel was established or in the 1967 Middle East war, "the Palestinians do not leave. They stay in their homes," he said. Aziz added: "It is Iraq which gives them the strength (to stay)." According to Israel, Baghdad had donated some 15 million dollars to the families of Palestinian suicide bombers. Aziz was speaking on the second day of a visit to Syria before going on to Lebanon. AFP This story was found at: http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/10/10/1034061260715.html ---------- Arab Public Opinion Deeply Ambivalent About U.S. Jim Lobe,Inter Press Service WASHINGTON, Oct 8 (IPS) - Public opinion across the Arab world is deeply ambivalent about the United States, which is widely admired for its technological prowess and political institutions but disdained and even hatred for its policies toward Palestinians and Israel, says an unprecedented survey released here Tuesday. The survey, whose results directly contradict declarations by top U.S. officials that Arab opposition to Washington derives from hatred of western ideals of democracy and freedom rather than U.S. policies, found that other western countries, particularly France and Canada, were widely respected throughout the Arab world. ''They like our values but are angry at our policies,'' said James Zogby, president of the Arab American Institute (AAI), an influential, Washington-based lobby and public-education group. The survey was based on face-to-face interviews last April and May of 3,800 adult Arabs in eight countries: Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Each respondent was asked 92 questions covering their personal values, political attitudes and priorities, and views of other countries. It was funded by the Beirut-based Arab Thought Foundation and carried out by Washington-based Zogby International. The unprecedented survey was undertaken in part to better define who Arabs are, particularly in the aftermath of last year's Sep. 11 terrorist attacks against New York and Washington, when U.S. public opinion became fixated on the question, ''Why do they hate us?'' The administration of President George W. Bush (news - web sites) and its supporters in the Christian Right and the mainly Jewish neo-conservative movements claimed the attacks were inspired by Arab hatred for western values and ''what we stand for''. But experts on the region, as well as Middle Eastern governments, insisted that whatever anger was directed at Washington was due to the perception that its policies were unfair, especially to Palestinians. An earlier poll released by Zogby International last April appeared to bear that out. It found that large majorities of respondents in five countries, including several Gulf states and Egypt, felt very positively about U.S. science and technology, education, exports, and political values. ''They told us in effect that they hated U.S. policy toward Iraq, toward other Arab counties, and most of all, U.S. policy toward Israel,'' said John Zogby, the firm's CEO, who is also James Zogby's brother. The latest survey was aimed more at determining the personal values and perspectives of Arabs. What it found is that Arabs, like most other ethnic and other groups around the world, are focused most on matters close to home, said James Zogby. Asked to choose among a list of a dozen values they felt were important to teach their children, respondents selected ''self-respect, good health and hygiene, personal responsibility, respect for elders and working to achieve a better life'', according to the report. When asked to rank political issues that were of importance to them, respondents placed civil and personal rights at the top, followed closely by health care. But, in a highly significant twist, respondents ranked ''Palestine'' and ''the rights of Palestinians'' with their personal economic situation as the next-ranking concerns, far ahead of other issues, such as their national economies and their country's relationship with other Arab or non-Arab countries. Palestine ranked as the highest political concern for Saudis and Moroccans, third highest among Egyptians, and fourth among Jordanians and Israeli Arabs. ''The issue of Palestine doesn't exist as a foreign-policy concern,'' said James Zogby. ''Palestine is an existential, a personal issue,'' he noted, adding that Arabs may view it similarly to how U.S. Jews see the Nazi Holocaust. As a result, Arabs' views about how Palestinians are being treated appear to play a major role in how they rate foreign countries, particularly the United States, he suggested. Asked to rank 13 foreign countries, Israel consistently scored the lowest marks by far, followed, almost invariably, by the United States and the United Kingdom -- the two western countries most closely identified with support for Israel -- in that order. Respondents from the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt gave the United States the lowest marks. ''The attitudes toward the U.S. are framed in terms of its relationship with Israel,'' said James Zogby. On the other hand, France, Canada, Japan, and Iran all received positive ratings from six of the eight countries covered by the survey, while China and Germany were viewed positively in five of the eight. Those ranked in the middle included Russia, India, Pakistan and Turkey, although Turkey also received consistently negative scores. Turkey's poor ratings in comparison to Iran were particularly striking. Neo-conservative commentators close to the anti-Iraq hawks in the Bush administration cite Turkey, whose military has close ties with Israel, as the model on which a ''liberated'' Iraq should be rebuilt. On other issues, the survey found that a significant plurality of Arabs in seven of the eight countries prefer to identify themselves as ''Arabs'' rather than as citizens of specific countries or adherents of Islam or other religions. ''The nation-state is still new,'' noted James Zogby. The one exception was Lebanon, where respondents said they preferred to be identified as Lebanese rather than as belonging to any specific religious or ethnic group. John Zogby said that the office of public diplomacy at the State Department, which has mounted a number of major initiatives designed to affect Arab and Islamic opinion toward the United States, has taken an interest in his firm's two surveys and may have used its earlier work in setting up Radio Sawa, which broadcasts music and news in the Middle East. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: southnews-unsubscribe@egroups.com Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ ***************************************************************** 25 CIA Report Contradicts Bush Warnings on Iraq Go To Original [http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-US-Iraq.html] C.I.A. Director Suggests Iraq May Not Strike Unless Provoked By The Associated Press Tuesday, 8 October, 2002 WASHINGTON (AP) -- CIA Director George Tenet told lawmakers Tuesday that Saddam Hussein might not use his weapons of mass destruction -- unless provoked by an imminent U.S.-led attack. Sen. Robert C. Byrd, D-W.Va., a fierce opponent of the President Bush's Iraq war resolution, indicated he would use delaying tactics in an effort to block the measure. Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle, D-S.D., said that could easily put off a final vote until next week. Eventual approval of the administration-backed resolution still appeared likely and it was gaining broad bipartisan support in both chambers. A final House vote was expected by late Thursday. ``We take this step knowing that Saddam Hussein is a threat to the American people, to Iraq's neighbors and to the civilized world at large,'' said House Speaker Dennis Hastert, R-Ill., as the House opened its three-day debate on the measure. Bush continued to try to drum up U.S. and international support for his hardline policies. A day after he told the nation Saddam might be plotting to attack the United States with biological and chemical weapons, Bush told a Tennessee audience Tuesday, ``The full force and fury of the United States military will be unleashed'' should he decide to use force against Iraq. ``And make no mistake about it, we will prevail,'' Bush said. Despite Bush's assertion that the Iraqi leader might be planning a chemical or biological attack on U.S. interests, Tenet suggested Baghdad ``for now appears to be drawing a line short of conducting terrorist attacks with conventional or chemical or biological weapons.'' Should Saddam conclude that a U.S.-led attack against his country could not be deterred, ``he probably would become much less constrained in adopting terrorist action,'' Tenet said in a letter read before a joint hearing of the House and Senate intelligence committees. Tenet also discussed Iraq privately with a group of senators. The Bush administration has made the case that going after Saddam is necessary because he has the capability to use weapons of mass destruction and is trying to expand it. The administration also stresses that he has used them in the past. Tenet provided a slightly different take, suggesting that Saddam's possession of such weapons doesn't necessarily mean he'll use them soon. Byrd, who has been criticizing the Iraq war resolution daily since the Senate began its debate on the measure last Thursday, told colleagues at a party luncheon that he planned to make full use of Senate rules to try to derail the legislation, participants said. Byrd, a former majority leader, is widely regarded for his knowledge and skilled use of Senate rules. Sen. Joseph Lieberman, D-Conn., a Democratic sponsor of the resolution, complained about the tactics. ``If Sen. Byrd continues to use all the procedural rules the Senate allows him, there's no way we are going to get anything until next week,'' Lieberman told reporters. ``This is too important a matter to frustrate.'' Daschle suggested the delaying tactics might only be postponing the inevitable approval of the measure. He said some Democrats would still try to modify the wording to narrow the scope of the resolution. Daschle suggested a procedural vote scheduled for Thursday -- essentially to decide whether to stay on the bill or go to something else -- would be a critical vote that will signal the depth of the resolution's overall support. Secretary of State Colin Powell, meeting with senators and House members, said the congressional resolution ``will definitely strengthen my hand as I try to do the diplomatic work up in New York to get a United Nations Security Council resolution'' demanding unimpeded weapons inspections in Iraq. Powell said there was increasing support at the U.N. for a new inspections mandate. ``All of my colleagues at the United Nations and others I've spoken to around the world clearly see the threat,'' he said. (In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, this material is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes.) ***************************************************************** 26 France Sees Compromise on Iraq, Remains Strongly Opposed to War [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2311155.stm] BBC | World | Middle East Tuesday, 8 October, 2002 Signs have emerged of a possible compromise on how to deal with Iraq between the United States and other permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. The French Foreign Ministry said a constructive dialogue was under way on a new Security Council resolution. The French comments came as Iraq dismissed as "misleading" a speech by President Bush in which he warned Baghdad to disarm or be disarmed. In his address to the nation on Monday, President Bush also said that war with Iraq was not a foregone conclusion. With no draft resolution yet agreed, it now seems likely that the UN Security Council will not meet on the issue before next week. Raffarin warning French Foreign Ministry spokesman Francois Rivasseau said in Paris that progress was being made on the new resolution. "We are not yet at the point of working on a single text but the dialogue we are having is very constructive," he said. "Things are coming together." The law does not rule out resorting to force but international rules rule out unilateral force French Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin used his first major foreign affairs speech to the French parliament to warn again that any operation against Iraq must have United Nations backing. "The law does not rule out resorting to force but international rules rule out unilateral force," he said. But he warned Baghdad that it could not keep defying the Security Council. While war must be a last resort, he said, no option was excluded provided it had the Security Council's support. In Moscow, Foreign Minister Ivanov said Russia would support proposals aimed at making UN weapons inspectors more effective. "If proposals are submitted to the UN Security Council that raise the effectiveness of weapons inspectors in Iraq, we will support them," he said, without giving details. French objections President Bush stressed in a new speech on Tuesday that military action was his "last choice". In his TV address on Monday, he called on Iraq to stop "denying, deceiving and delaying" over its the weapons of mass destruction it allegedly still possesses. But the Iraqi Foreign Minister Naji Sabri dismissed the speech as a "misleading attempt to justify an attack". He said US and British threats of military action were illegal. The BBC's diplomatic correspondent, Barnaby Mason, says that it is still not clear what compromise may be possible with Washington. French objections to the draft resolution favoured by America and Britain are not confined to its option for military action - which would, if the French and the Russians prevail, have to feature in separate, follow-up resolution. The French object to some of the draconian powers it proposes for the inspectors either: * The declaration of exclusion zones in Iraq * The right to take Iraqis out of the country for questioning * A big say in the inspections for the five permanent members of the Security Council, including the United States. Diplomatic lull Diplomats at the UN now say it may be next week before the Security Council meets to consider the new resolution. No document has yet to be circulated among the non-permanent members of the Security Council. Our correspondent notes that the sense of diplomatic urgency which followed President Bush's speech to the UN General Assembly on 12 September has all but disappeared. Diplomats said Iraq was not even discussed at the Security Council's monthly lunch with Secretary-General Kofi Annan. ***************************************************************** 27 US says concerned at Syrian nuclear program* Fri, October 11, 2002, 06:43 GMT * zawya* Reuters WASHINGTON, Oct 9 (Reuters) - The United States, campaigning against alleged weapons of mass destruction in mainly Muslim countries, brought up Syria's nuclear program on Wednesday and said that it was very concerned. Under Secretary of State John Bolton coupled Syria and its old ally Iran as the beneficiaries of Russian technology for their nuclear and missile programs. "We remain very concerned that the nuclear and missile programs of Iran and others, including Syria, continue to receive the benefits of Russian technology and expertise," Bolton told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. State Department officials said that in the case of Syria Bolton was referring to programs of both kinds. U.S. officials have complained previously about Russian assistance to Syrian missile programs but in a comprehensive May speech on the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction Bolton did not mention any Syrian nuclear program. The State Department officials referred inquiries to a CIA report dated Jan. 30, 2002, which says the Syrian nuclear program is for research and civilian purposes. The report notes that Syria is a signatory of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty and is under comprehensive safeguards through the International Atomic Energy Agency. "Broader access to Russian expertise could provide opportunities for Syria to expand its indigenous capabilities, should it decide to pursue nuclear weapons. We will continue to monitor Syria's nuclear R&D (research and development) program for any signs of weapons intent," the report added. The State Department official said they had no immediate explanation for Washington's new concern about the program. Bolton, who is in charge of arms control and international security at the State Department, is a hawk suspicious of multilateral arms control agreements. He caused a stir earlier this year by saying that Cuba has a program to develop biological weapons. Many analysts said there was no credible evidence for the allegation. ((Jonathan Wright, State Department bureau, +1 202 898 8393, fax +1 202 659 5254, jonathan.wright@reuters.com)) © Reuters Limited. Click for Restrictions *Copyright © 2002 Zawya.com Ltd. All rights reserved.* Please ***************************************************************** 28 U.S. Eyes Iraq's Former Arms Sites Las Vegas SUN October 09, 2002 By MATT KELLEY ASSOCIATED PRESS WASHINGTON- Iraq has built new structures at several former nuclear weapons research and development sites, but its efforts to conceal the activity make it difficult to determine what's going on inside them, U.S. officials said. The sites' past association with Saddam Hussein's nuclear weapons program, along with a number of other signals, suggest Iraq has intensified its nuclear efforts in the past year, officials said. Iraqi officials have repeatedly denied they are working on nuclear weapons. U.S. intelligence does not believe Saddam has developed any, but thinks he may be able to by 2010. But Saddam has successfully thwarted U.S. and international efforts to find out what his banned weapons programs are doing, especially since U.N. inspectors left in 1998, Defense Intelligence Agency analyst John Yurechko told reporters Tuesday. Iraq's efforts at "denial and deception," have prevented intelligence agencies "from producing the kinds of smoking guns and smoking-gun photographs ... demanded by those who are skeptical of Iraqi violations of U.N. resolutions," Yurechko said. After President Bush's speech Monday on Iraq, the White House released satellite photos of two such sites. An analyst at the Defense Intelligence Agency identified two more Tuesday while briefing reporters on Saddam's attempts to conceal his programs. All four sites - the Al Furat centrifuge development center, the Nassr/Taji Steel Fabrication and Military Production Facility, the Al Qa'im uranium ore refinery and the Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center - were bombed, either in the Gulf War or in the four days of U.S. and British airstrikes in 1998 that began after Saddam ejected U.N. inspectors. Rebuilding has taken place at each site. The Al Furat site, south of Baghdad, is of particular interest because Saddam has made several attempts to smuggle prohibited equipment that could be used in a centrifuge project, according to a U.S. intelligence paper issued by CIA officials last week. That equipment, precision-made metal tubes, could be used in a uranium-enrichment program, although some analysts believe they are for conventional weapons. While authorities have stopped several shipments of tubes from reaching Iraq, it's possible some have gotten through. Enriched uranium or plutonium is needed to construct a nuclear weapon, and Saddam isn't believed to have either. The Nassr site, a large military industrial plant north of Baghdad, contains much of the precision manufacturing equipment that could support a nuclear program, said a U.S. defense official, speaking on condition of anonymity. Saddam is believed to have significant stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons, although he goes to great lengths to conceal his efforts and persuade the world he has no weapons programs, Yurechko said. Citing reports from U.N. inspectors and Iraqi defectors, Yurechko accused Saddam's regime of a litany of lies and obfuscation. These include staging media tours attributing legitimate civilian functions to alleged weapon sites; and situating weapon centers in residential areas to increase the risk of civilian deaths in case of a strike. Saddam has a propensity for dressing up U.S. attacks on weapons sites as attacks on civilians, Yurechko said. In one case, he ordered the top of a mosque removed to make it seem like it was hit during a U.S. airstrike. Iraq is also preparing its weapons sites for either new inspections or U.S. attack, moving equipment around. Some biological weapons labs are believed to be housed on large trucks that move around the country. Also Tuesday, CIA Director George Tenet said in a letter to lawmakers that Saddam would probably use his existing chemical and biological weapons only if he believes a U.S. attack on his regime is inevitable. All contents copyright 2002 Las Vegas SUN, Inc. ***************************************************************** 29 Russia Urged to Cut Weapons Faster Las Vegas SUN October 09, 2002 By HARRY DUNPHY ASSOCIATED PRESS WASHINGTON (A) - The United States and other industrialized democracies are urging Russia to speed up efforts to reduce its vast, poorly secured stockpile of nuclear and chemical weapons, a State Department official said Wednesday. A Senate committee chairman warned the material could find its way to terrorists or countries such as Iraq. John Bolton, undersecretary of state for arms control, said a major part of a meeting last month in Canada of those industrial powers dealt with problems that have hindered an initiative to stop the spread of weapons and materials of mass destruction. The participating countries - the United States, Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy and Japan - have pledged to spend at least $20 billion over the next 10 years on the effort. President Bush committed the United States to providing half of the $20 billion at June's G-8 summit in Canada when he proposed the initiative. Russian President Vladimir Putin has pledged to take actions to help achieve the program's goal. Bolton told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee said that among the priority concerns in Russia, the G-8 countries specifically named the destruction of chemical weapons, disposition of fissile material and dismantlement of decommissioned nuclear submarines. "For the global partnership to be successful," Bolton said, "the Russian Federation will need to take concrete action to resolve outstanding problems. ... We pressed the Russians hard on this issue" at the September meeting in Canada. Bolton said the other G-8 countries were more than half way in meeting their $10 billion commitment, including $1.5 billion from Germany and $1 billion from the European Commission. He said some countries have not publicly announced pledges or decided on their amounts. Bolton welcomed bipartisan legislation, proposed by the committee chairman Sen. Joseph Biden, D-Del., and Sen. Richard Lugar, R-Ind., that expands the president's authority to reduce Russia's debt in exchange for nonproliferation programs. "Nothing poses a more clear or present danger to our security," Biden said, than the vast repository of nuclear, chemical and possibly biological weapons still in Russia more than a decade after the Soviet Union's collapse. "Our greatest concern remains that groups like al-Qaida or states like Iraq will steal or illicitly purchase poorly guarded stocks of weapons of mass destruction in Russia," Biden said. He said the United States has provided billions of dollars in aid to reduce the threat posed by Russia's possession of these weapons. But, he said, there remain roughly 1,000 metric tons of highly enriched uranium, 40,000 metric tons of chemical weapons, including 2 million artillery shells containing nerve gas at one of Russia's facilities alone, and an unknown supply of biological pathogens. Lugar said that because of the threat of terrorism. "We must not only accelerate weapons dismantlement efforts in Russia, we must (also) broaden our capability to address proliferation risks in other countries." Lugar said the major industrialized nations must keep pressing Russian officials to abide by Putin's commitment to help. Putin's "biggest obstacle could well be his own government's bureaucracy," said Lugar, co-sponsor of legislation that has provided millions for weapons destruction in Russia over the past 11 years. On the Net: Background on initiative: http://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/11514.htm [http://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/11514.htm] All contents copyright 2002 Las Vegas SUN, Inc. ***************************************************************** 30 Castro Blames Khrushchev for Crisis October 09, 2002 By ANITA SNOW ASSOCIATED PRESS HAVANA- President Fidel Castro said on the eve of the 40th anniversary of the Cuban missile crisis that Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev aggravated the standoff by misleading President Kennedy - indicating that there were no nuclear weapons on the communist island. Castro's comments, which came in an interview with ABC's "20/20" program, coincided with a conference here bringing together Cubans and Americans who played roles during the real life Cold War drama. ABC, which will broadcast the interview Friday, made the transcript public Wednesday. "He believed what Khrushchev told him," Castro said during the interview, conducted this week in Havana. "Therefore, Kennedy was misled. That was a very big mistake on the part of Khrushchev ... one that we opposed vehemently." The transcript, while not elaborating on Khrushchev's position, reflected the mistrust that grew between the leaders. Documents from that period show that Khrushchev continued to insist to American officials in mid-October 1962 that all Soviet activity in Cuba was defensive - even after U.S. officials had spy plane photographs showing that on the island there were Soviet surface-to-surface missiles with a range of approximately 600 to 1,500 miles. The discovery of the Soviet nuclear warheads just 90 miles south of the Florida coast brought the world to the edge of nuclear conflict. As President Bush musters support to oust Saddam Hussein, former members of the Kennedy administration are heading to the Cuba conference to revisit that earlier standoff. Former Defense Secretary Robert McNamara and former special aide Arthur Schlesinger Jr. are among those expected at the conference, aimed at showing a lesser known view of the crisis: Cuba's. Castro is also expected. In his ABC interview with Barbara Walters, Castro said his country did not agree to accept the missiles out of fear, and "we would have rather not had them in order to preserve the prestige" of Cuba. He also said officials on the communist-run island did not like being considered "the Soviet base in the Caribbean." Still, Castro indicated respect for Khrushchev and his support of the Cuban revolution. "Even though Nikita was a bold man, he was a courageous man ... and I can make criticisms of him ... of the mistakes he made. I have reflected a lot on that," Castro said. But misleading Kennedy, the Cuban president said, "was his main ... flaw." The crisis, marking the Cold War's tensest moments, was defused when Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba. Cuban Vice President Jose Ramon Fernandez, an organizer of the conference, was an army commander when Castro put 400,000 soldiers in position to repel a possible invasion of the island. As Kennedy's words clicked onto the paper rolling off the teletype machine at military headquarters Oct. 22, 1962, Fernandez knew the Americans meant business. "I had the impression that war was probable," recalled the 79-year-old Fernandez, now a vice president in Castro's government. "I was also preparing myself to die, all the while hoping that I would stay alive." Kennedy's message to the United States and the world was direct. "Within the past week, unmistakable evidence has established the fact that a series of offensive missiles is now in preparation on that imprisoned island," Kennedy said in his speech to the nation. "The purpose of these bases can be none other than to provide a nuclear strike capability against the Western Hemisphere." Earlier that day, about 2,500 relatives of U.S. forces stationed at Guantanamo Bay were given 15 minutes to pack a bag each before evacuated to Norfolk, Va. "I was ordered to destroy papers and help move ourselves elsewhere because obviously the ministry (of defense) would be a target," Fernandez told The Associated Press this week. Most Americans invited to the conference, including McNamara, Schlesinger, former Kennedy speechwriters Richard Goodwin and Ted Sorensen and ex-CIA analyst Dino Brugioni, will arrive Thursday. Also attending are several Kennedy family members, including Ethel Kennedy, widow of Robert F. Kennedy, the president's brother who was attorney general and a key player in the crisis. Along with the gathering, Cuba will release some formerly classified documents about the days known here as the Crisis of October. The nonprofit National Security Archive at George Washington University will also release newly declassified American documents about the crisis. During a similar conference last year, Cuban organizers worked with the National Security Archive to release a wealth of U.S. and Cuban documents about the unsuccessful CIA-backed Bay of Pigs invasion. The missile crisis conference will feature seminars on Friday and Saturday. Participants will visit crisis-related sites, including a former missile silo in the western province of Pinar del Rio. Fernandez said he hoped new lessons would emerge for politicians and military leaders, "to never again take the world to the brink of nuclear catastrophe." On the Net (note tilde): http://www.gwu.edu/(tilde [http://www.gwu.edu/(tilde] )nsarchiv/nsa/cuba-mis-cri/ All contents copyright 2002 Las Vegas SUN, Inc. ***************************************************************** 31 Iraq Denies Efforts to Rearm Today: October 10, 2002 at 8:26:48 PDT By SAMEER N. YACOUB ASSOCIATED PRESS BAGHDAD, Iraq- Iraq repeated denials that it is rearming and said Thursday that even without sophisticated weapons, it will teach the United States an unforgettable lesson if it is attacked. Minister of Military Industrialization Abdel Tawab Mullah Huweish spoke at a news conference Thursday, after U.S. officials claimed that Iraq is rebuilding at weapons research and development sites. "I am in charge of the weapons programs and I am saying here and now that we do not have weapons of mass destruction and we do not have programs to develop them," Huweish said. After President Bush's speech Monday in which he accused Iraqi President Saddam Hussein of pursuing a nuclear weapon and plotting to attack the United States with biological and chemical arms, the White House released satellite photos of two alleged weapons sites. An analyst at the Defense Intelligence Agency identified two more Tuesday. Iraqi officials have repeatedly denied they are working on nuclear weapons. U.S. intelligence does not believe Saddam has developed any, but thinks he may by 2010. All four sites - the Al Furat centrifuge development center, the Nassr-Taji Steel Fabrication and Military Production Facility, the Al Qa'im uranium ore refinery and the Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center - were bombed, during either the Gulf War or the four days of U.S. and British airstrikes in 1998 that began after U.N. inspectors accused Iraq of failure to cooperate and left the country. While Huweish said Iraq was not pursuing mass weapons, the minister said it had a right to rebuild at the sites. "We have rebuilt some of what the evil aggressors destroyed because Iraq has not vanished and we have the right to live like any other people." On the possibility of a U.S. strike, he said, "If the Americans commit a new stupidity, we will teach them a lesson that they will not forget." Asked what Iraq could do to match the American superiority in weapons, he said: "They will concentrate on airstrikes to destroy our infrastructure, but when they are on the ground they will not be able to move even one inch." "We are peaceful people but when we fight we fight fiercely because we are defending our existence, our heritage and our future," he said. Iraq's Deputy Premier Tariq Aziz, who is traveling the region trying to rally support, told reporters upon arrival in Lebanon Thursday that U.S. threats against Iraq were threats against "the Arab nation." -- All contents copyright 2002 Las Vegas SUN, Inc. ***************************************************************** 32 Feds defend secret '60s tests [deseretnews.com] Wednesday, October 9, 2002 Pentagon says sailors didn't know all details By Lee Davidson Deseret News Washington correspondent WASHINGTON — After studying Dugway Proving Ground records, Pentagon officials said Tuesday that at-sea tests of chemical and biological weapons designed by Army scientists in Utah in the '60s and '70s were not reckless and sought to protect sailors. But they conceded in a House Veterans Affairs Committee hearing that sailors working around the deadly agents "may not have known all of the details of the tests." And Veterans Affairs Department officials said they have awarded disability compensation to dozens of sailors who blame cancer and other ills on the tests and are trying to contact thousands more about potential dangers. That information emerges about Project SHAD (Shipboard Hazard and Defense) and its parent series of tests, called Project 112. Both were designed between 1962 and 1973 by scientists at the now-defunct Deseret Test Center, originally housed at Salt Lake City's Fort Douglas and later moved to Dugway. The Deseret News first revealed problematic Project SHAD tests, based on documents obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, seven years ago. It told how sailors were then being denied VA benefits because the Defense Department denied that such tests ever occurred, despite documents obtained by the Deseret News. After national media stories and a push in Congress for more information by Rep. Mike Thompson, D-Calif., the Pentagon last May finally acknowledged that the tests occurred and that live nerve agent and other chemical and germ agents were used in some of them. However, William Winkenwerder Jr., assistant secretary of defense for health affairs, said Tuesday that a review since then of records at Dugway shows that most tests did not use live agents but safer materials that simulate their effects. "Our investigation has confirmed that Deseret Test Center tests were primarily conducted using simulants believed to be safe in place of chemical or biological warfare agents," he told the Veterans Affairs Committee. "In those instances when potentially harmful substances were used, there is no evidence that any of the service members involved were exposed to them without proper protection. Service members were vaccinated before testing that involved live biological agents," he said. He added, "If actual chemical agents were used, they (sailors) were confined to airtight sections of their ship. When appropriate, protective clothing was also worn," he said. But Winkenwerder conceded that sailors were not necessarily warned they were working with some of the most deadly substances known to man, such as nerve agent VX, a tiny drop of which may kill. "While some service members may not have known all of the details of these tests, it is likely they knew that they were participating in testing due to the use of precautionary measures," he said. Winkenwerder said the review of records so far shows that the Deseret Test Center planned 134 SHAD-related tests. He said records have confirmed that 46 tests were conducted and 62 were canceled. He said research is ongoing about the other 26. He noted that the Pentagon has posted information sheets about each test, when available, on its Web site, (DeploymentLINK.mil). The Pentagon released more information about Project 112 tests Tuesday, including some that used chemical and germ weapons on the ground in Alaska and Hawaii. Of note, the Deseret News through the years has revealed that the military conducted more than 1,700 open-air trials of germ and chemical weapons and simulants in Utah. Army documents say that spread at least 494,700 pounds of nerve agent to the winds there. One accidentally killed more than 6,000 sheep in Skull Valley in 1968, and many Utahns blame such testing for ills they suffer. Winkenwerder said the Army does not need such open-air tests as much today. "With modern technology we can determine the effectiveness of defensive measures by using mannequins. The military services do still use simulants during operational testing and training. We are reviewing all policies governing the use of simulants during testing and training," he said. Winkenwerder added, "Our objective is to ensure that concerns like those surrounding the Deseret Test Center tests do not arise in the future." Meanwhile, Jonathan Perlin, deputy undersecretary of the Veterans Affairs Department, testified that 5,000 veterans have been identified as Project 112 participants so far. He said 53 have been compensated for disabilities deemed as caused by the testing. He said about a third of the Project 112 veterans it has contacted already were receiving treatment through the VA, so no new treatment programs for them was needed. He said over the next three years the VA will conduct a study to compare the health of Project 112 veterans and other veterans who served elsewhere in the same time period. The VA has a SHAD help line for veterans, 1-800-749-8387. It also has a Web site at ( www.va.gov/shad [http://www.va.gov/shad] ). © 2002 Deseret News Publishing Company ***************************************************************** 33 An Iraq strategy full of holes [chronfeedback@sfchronicle.com] Wednesday, October 9, 2002 --> LIKE A tough-minded prosecutor, President Bush made his case against Saddam Hussein in measured, forceful terms. But doubters were left with important questions unanswered as he takes the country to the precipice of war. In a summation of his position, Bush laid out Hussein's murderous record as "a student of Stalin" and his disregard for United Nations agreements to disarm after the Gulf War. No argument there, Mr. President. But the speech fell short on other scores. His evidence of Hussein's near- term nuclear capability was questionable. A smoking-gun link between Baghdad and al Qaeda leaders was not established. The "imminent threat" to the United States to justify a pre-emptive strike was implied, not shown. The president's case is plausible but circumstantial for now. It's exactly why weapons inspectors, with broad powers and no Iraqi hindrances, are needed before a combat assault is unleashed. The president's future course remains a worry. If Hussein refuses to disarm, Bush said an unnamed "coalition of nations" would do it for him. The president promised to stabilize and rebuild a post-Hussein Iraq in the wake of war, a costly and complicated task. The ripple effect of military action in the Mideast was left undescribed. These points, as much as Hussein's depraved record, are what need discussing. Where will this war take us? To be sure, the speech served useful purposes. Bush pledged to go through the United Nations, at least for now. He didn't denigrate his opponents or repeat a recent clumsy suggestion that war critics were anti-American. His listing of ethnic groups within Iraq showed a basic understanding of the country's complexity. The speech was eloquent, but less than convincing. Polls show the country is justly ambivalent. A majority supports the president in his view that Iraq is a deadly danger in the wake of Sept. 11. But large numbers of those polled want diplomatic pressure brought to bear and weapons inspectors supplied by the United Nations before this country uses force. A genuine coalition is preferred over unilateral action. The speech was designed to galvanize this week's debate by both houses on Capitol Hill. Bush timed his remarks to run up the score in what is expected to be winning margins in the House and Senate on war powers resolutions. Don't forget that the president's speech comes a month before mid-term elections. The holes in the White House argument -- partial evidence, an incomplete future vision, and a threat of unilateral force -- should ignite a high-noon debate on Iraq. "Congress is being stampeded, pressured, abjured and importuned into acting before the election," said Sen. Robert Byrd, D-W.Va., characterizing the resolution as open-ended authority to wage war. He's right. Bush has not made the case for a war he wants Congress to sanction. ©2002 San Francisco Chronicle.   Page A - 22 ***************************************************************** 34 Iraq after our nukes Thursday, October 10, 2002 By TOM GODFREY [tgodfrey@sunpub.com] , TORONTO SUN  Canadian spy agencies are zeroing in on terrorists and their associates involved in helping rogue countries acquire weapons of mass destruction, a federal committee says. Security officials said Canadian technology and parts are in demand by countries such as Iraq, who are pursuing biological, chemical and other weapons of mass destruction. Canadian agencies have obtained double the number of national security warrants since the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks as they target operatives from developing countries who obtain Canadian technology and parts to assemble abroad. "Some technology for weapons of mass destruction or missiles can be obtained in Canada," said Scarborough-Rouge River MP Derek Lee, chairman of a sub-committee on national security. Lee said 56 national security warrants were issued last year, as compared to 111 this year. CSIS now has 266 outstanding warrants for those involved in threats against the country. OBTAINED PARTS "The number of warrants related to Sept. 11 has almost doubled," Lee said. "The agencies are watchful of people who are getting technology or parts required for the weapons." CSIS spokesman Nicole Currier confirmed an unidentified Canadian was charged and convicted of helping a country develop a nuclear weapon several years ago. CSIS said the engineer collected technical data in Canada and the U.S. and went to the unspecified country to train young engineers. The man also obtained parts for high-speed inverters used to enrich uranium for a nuclear bomb. Previous story: Fear takes hold in small U.S. town Next story: Grit MPP fighting suit on spending Copyright [http://www.canoe.ca/copyright.html] © 2002, CANOE, a division of Netgraphe Inc ***************************************************************** 35 U.S. intelligence monitors activity at former Iraqi nuclear sites _ but the nature is unclear Oct 10, 2002 By MATT KELLEY, Associated Press Writer WASHINGTON - Iraq has built new structures at several former nuclear weapons research and development sites, but its efforts to conceal the activity make it difficult to determine what's going on inside them, U.S. officials said. The sites' past association with Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein's nuclear weapons program, along with a number of other signals, suggest Iraq has intensified its nuclear efforts in the past year, U.S. officials said. Iraqi officials have repeatedly denied they are working on nuclear weapons. U.S. intelligence does not believe Saddam has developed any but thinks he may be able to by 2010. But Saddam has successfully thwarted U.S. and international efforts to find out what his banned weapons programs are doing, especially since U.N. inspectors left in 1998, Defense Intelligence Agency analyst John Yurechko told reporters Tuesday. Iraq's "denial and deception" have prevented intelligence agencies "from producing the kinds of smoking guns and smoking-gun photographs ... demanded by those who are skeptical of Iraqi violations of U.N. resolutions," Yurechko said. After President George W. Bush's speech Monday on Iraq, the White House released satellite photos of two such sites. An analyst at the Defense Intelligence Agency identified two more Tuesday while briefing reporters on Saddam's attempts to conceal his programs. All four sites — the Al Furat centrifuge development center, the Nassr/Taji Steel Fabrication and Military Production Facility, the Al Qa'im uranium ore refinery and the Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center — were bombed, either in the Gulf War or in the four days of U.S. and British airstrikes in 1998 that began after U.N. inspectors withdrew. Rebuilding has taken place at each site. The Al Furat site, south of Baghdad, is of particular interest because Saddam has made several attempts to smuggle prohibited equipment that could be used in a centrifuge project, according to a U.S. intelligence paper issued by CIA officials last week. That equipment, precision-made metal tubes, could be used in a uranium-enrichment program, although some analysts believe it is for conventional weapons. While authorities have stopped several shipments of tubes from reaching Iraq, it's possible some have gotten through. Enriched uranium or plutonium is needed to construct a nuclear weapon, and Saddam isn't believed to have either. The Nassr site, a large military industrial plant north of Baghdad, contains much of the precision manufacturing equipment that could support a nuclear program, a U.S. defense official said, speaking on condition of anonymity. Saddam is believed to have significant stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons, although he goes to great lengths to conceal his efforts and persuade the world he has no weapons programs, Yurechko said. Citing reports from U.N. inspectors and Iraqi defectors, Yurechko accused Saddam's regime of a litany of lies and obfuscation. These include staging media tours attributing legitimate civilian functions to alleged weapon sites, and situating weapon centers in residential areas to increase the risk of civilian deaths in case of a strike. Saddam has a propensity for dressing up U.S. attacks on weapons sites as attacks on civilians, Yurechko said. In one case, he ordered the top of a mosque removed to make it seem like it was hit during a U.S. airstrike. Iraq is also preparing its weapons sites for either new inspections or U.S. attack, moving equipment around. Some biological weapons labs are believed to be housed on large trucks that move around the country. Also Tuesday, CIA Director George Tenet said in a letter to lawmakers that Saddam would probably use his existing chemical and biological weapons only if he believes a U.S. attack on his regime is inevitable. Copyright © 2002 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. The ***************************************************************** 36 Hanford plan would accelerate tank work This story was published Wed, Oct 9, 2002 By John Stang Herald staff writer Hanford unveiled a plan Tuesday to speed up removal of radioactive wastes from the site's underground tanks. However, state officials are puzzled by the plan's details, which they have not yet agreed to. There's also questions about gaps in the plan and whether the Department of Energy can complete all the legally required studies fast enough to keep to this latest accelerated timetable. Hanford has 53 million gallons of radioactive wastes in 149 older, leak-prone, single-shell tanks and in 28 newer and safer double-shell tanks. Hanford is moving all wastes to double-shell tanks and plans to permanently seal the 149 single-shell tanks. Most liquid wastes are gone from the single-shell tanks. But 31 million gallons of solids and super-thick sludge remain in them. At a Tuesday news conference, DOE and CH2M Hill Hanford Group announced a plan to accelerate plans to empty and close the single-shell tanks. "We're entering a new important phase," said John Swailes, assistant manager for tank farms at DOE's Office of River Protection. He said Hanford can keep the new pace without extra money, although the budget may be revisited in two years. The plan's main goals are to: -- Remove all wastes and permanently close 26 to 40 single-shell tanks by the end of 2006. -- Remove and treat 1 million gallons of transuranic and low-level radioactive tank wastes by 2006 without glassifying the material. The transuranic wastes then would go to a permanent underground storage site in New Mexico. -- Remove the final 550,000 gallons of pumpable fluids from the single-shell tanks by 2004. -- Increase efforts to upgrade systems to deliver wastes to a glassification complex now under construction. Tuesday's announcement surprised state officials, who only recently heard inklings of the plan. DOE and Washington's Department of Ecology, which is the lead regulator on Hanford tank waste matters, have not yet entered serious talks on DOE's proposal. And state officials were confused about how DOE's proposal fits with an agreement that DOE and the state signed two months ago to close seven tanks by 2011. Under the August agreement, Hanford would begin "closing" single-shell tank C-106 in 2004, 10 years ahead of schedule. Tank C-106 is to be the first of seven tanks to be closed through 2011 in an effort to find the best ways to handle tank closures. After that, emptying and sealing single-shell tanks are expected to drastically speed up. A confusing factor is that the federal-state legal timetable has only Tank C-106 emptied and sealed by 2006. Tuesday's DOE-CH2M Hill plan would seal at least 26 tanks by 2006, possibly stretching that to 40 tanks. State officials could not figure out Tuesday how the plans would mesh. Swailes and Dale Allen, CH2M Hill Hanford Group's senior vice president, said the seven tanks in the August agreement are to be demonstration tanks to work out technical, chemical and regulatory problems -- then serve as templates for quickly removing wastes from other single-shell tanks. "The goal of closing (26 to) 40 tanks over a limited period of time may seem improbable," Swailes said. "Right now, we think 40 is an achievable number." Besides tank C-106, DOE and CH2M Hill still have to select 25 more tanks for the accelerated waste removal. DOE and the state have not conferred on that selection. It is unclear how much tank C-106 would be a template for the other 25 tanks. It holds a relatively small amount of liquid wastes with even less solids. Tanks among the first 25 will likely be a mix of liquids, solids and sludge of various volumes, with budget and environmental risk considerations also entering the selection process, Swailes and Allen said. Meanwhile, the state and DOE have not agreed on what "closing" a tank means -- a definition that is the key to declaring work done on a tank. Suzanne Dahl, the Ecology Department's tank waste disposal project manager, noted that it would likely take one to two years to complete the required federal and state environmental studies and permit work in order to empty and seal 26 tanks in four years. She said wastes could be removed from those tanks during the study and permitting processes. But that work has to be finished before a tank could be sealed. Meanwhile, details are sketchy on DOE's proposal to remove 1 million gallons of wastes from the tanks by 2006 to dispose by means other than glassification. This concept targets mostly wastes that contain highly radioactive transuranic wastes that would be shipped to New Mexico. A major hurdle exists in that the New Mexico repository does not accept any fluids of any type for storage. And wastes removed from Hanford's tanks are fluids and water-logged sludge. Consequently, Hanford will have to build a facility to convert tank liquids and sludge into something solid that meets the New Mexico repository's standards. Allen and Swailes declined to comment on the construction of that facility, citing procurement sensitivity matters. DOE has sent out a request for proposals on this concept. Dahl speculated that the required federal and state environmental studies and permits for this facility could take up to three years to complete. Copyright 2002 Tri-City Herald. All rights reserved. This ***************************************************************** 37 Benton rejects plan for divvying Hanford aid This story was published Tue, Oct 8, 2002 By Nathan Isaacs Herald staff writer Mid-Columbia communities that are waiting on a share of $2 million in state money to deal with the effects of Hanford's growing work force were told Monday to keep waiting. Benton County commissioners agreed to write the Hanford Communities area lobbying group saying they cannot accept the group's proposal to dole out the money based on where the 7,300 newcomers working on Hanford's waste treatment plant will live. The idea is that the communities would receive money in proportion to how many new residents they have to provide services for. But the commissioners want a larger share of the money because they anticipate serving more than just the workers who live in unincorporated areas of the county. Dividing the money based on where the workers are expected to live would give Richland the lion's share of the money, or about $900,000. Benton County would get only about $96,500 or about 5 percent, said Gary Ballew, sustainable development manager for the county. Commissioner Max Benitz Jr. suggested the county should receive the same one-eighth share it gets under a formula used to disperse the county's rural capital funds. That would give the county 12.5 percent of the money, or about $241,250. He also does not want to send any of the money to Pasco or Franklin County. Those suggestions would not be acceptable to the cities, said Richland Mayor Bob Thompson afterward. And, he said, further delays may risk getting any more money from the state. Richland plans another lobbying effort in the next legislative session. Tri-City-area governments, through the Hanford Communities coalition, lobbied the Legislature in the last session seeking $10 million to offset impacts of the Hanford glassification project. The federal project isn't paying the property taxes or payments in lieu of taxes normally associated with projects of its size. So local governments are scrambling to find ways to pay for services such as additional police officers and firefighters. But the state's economic troubles precluded getting more than $2 million from the Legislature. And the money is to be sent to the county through a state budget line item to help build the new Benton County jail and Justice Center. Hanford Communities and state lawmakers have maintained the money was intended to help mitigate the Hanford impacts. But the way the $2 million was budgeted has created a paperwork quagmire and requires new agreements be signed among the many participants. In the letter sent Monday, the commissioners said other money the county has expected to get from the Hanford project has yet to materialize. The county has received only about $296,000 this year in use taxes from Bechtel, the project's contractor. That's about 41 percent below the $505,000 estimated, said Troy Wilson of the county treasurer's office. The county expects to get about $10 million from the project. The letter also says the Hanford Communities distribution formula did not account for the boom in sales taxes Kennewick is getting from additional spending by the new residents. Also, the formula does not account for taxes Richland will collect from Bechtel's office within the city. Commissioners said they plan to follow the letter with a meeting among the parties with Benitz leading efforts to find a compromise. Copyright 2002 Tri-City Herald. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 38 Officials at Hanford hope to empty 40 nuclear tanks by 2006 The Olympian, Olympia Washington Wednesday, October 9, 2002 THE ASSOCIATED PRESS YAKIMA -- In an effort to meet legal deadlines for cleaning out aging tanks filled with highly radioactive waste, contractors at the Hanford nuclear reservation hope to essentially empty as many 40 by 2006. It might seem like a long shot given that not one of the 177 underground tanks has been closed out yet, said John Swailes, assistant manager for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of River Protection. But "right now, we think that 40 as an achievable number is the right goal," he said during a teleconference Tuesday. Construction is currently under way on a $5.6 billion vitrification complex to convert the nearly 54 million gallons of lethal waste in the underground tanks to glass logs for long-term storage. Under the Tri-Party Agreement, the 1989 legal pact governing cleanup at Hanford, glassification of waste is supposed to begin in 2007. Ten percent of the waste -- the most radioactive portion -- should be turned into glass by 2018. By 2028, all the tank waste is supposed to be treated. It is the largest environmental cleanup project in the nation, considered a top priority in part because some of the tanks are well past their planned use and have leaked more than 1 million gallons into the soil and an aquifer, threatening the Columbia River. The Energy Department, under its performance incentives program, has challenged contractor CH2M Hill to close at least 26 of 149 single-shell tanks, and, if that goes well, as many as 40 by the end of 2006. The first tank should be emptied and closed by 2004 or earlier. "Time is money, and momentum is important to achieving the milestones," said Dale Allen, a senior vice president for CH2M Hill Hanford Group. There are still issues to be resolved in the process, including a specific definition agreed to by DOE, contractors and regulators as to what actually constitutes closure of a tank, Swailes said. Last month, CH2M Hill noted that it had reached a major milestone by pumping out, since 1998, more than 2.5 million gallons of liquid radioactive waste from the single-shell tanks. On the Net: www.hanford.gov/orp/ [http://www.hanford.gov/orp/] www.hanford.gov/contrctr/ch2m.htm [http://www.hanford.gov/contrctr/ch2m.htm] ©2002 The Olympian ***************************************************************** 39 The pits: Supporters, opponents cite views Amarillo Globe-News: Local News: 10/09/02 Nuclear Knowledge: Mike Mitchell, an official with the National Nuclear Security Administration, shares what he knows with those attending Tuesday\'d5s public hearing on a proposed plutonium pit production facility for Pantex. Steven Line / sline@amarillonet.com [sline@amarillonet.com] By Jim McBride/jmcbride@amarillonet.com [jmcbride@amarillonet.com] And Max Albright/malbright@amarillonet.com [malbright@amarillonet.com] Supporters and opponents of a proposed plutonium pit production facility at the Pantex Plant aired their views during a public hearing Tuesday at Amarillo College. Besides Pantex, other possible sites include the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad, N.M.; Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico; Nevada Test Site and Savannah River Site in South Carolina.. City Commissioner Debra Ballou told DOE officials that transporting plutonium now at Pantex to other sites would be unsafe and said her priority is to ensure that any Pantex expansion would not impair the safety or health of area residents. "It is my belief that Pantex, which has a production culture supported by a well-trained, unionized work force, is the safest and most cost-effective site to undertake the responsibility of this new mission," she said. Katherine Gray, a 13-year-old from Panhandle, told DOE officials that she lives downwind from Pantex and that a fire or explosion at the proposed facility would be devastating to her town and way of life. "Any airborne plutonium would probably come my way," Gray said. She also said that she doesn't take unnecessary risks in her life and urged DOE to place the facility at another site such as the Savannah River Site that already is contaminated. "Money can't buy good health," she said. Michael Bourn, head of the Amarillo Economic Development Corp., said Pantex already is uniquely suited to take on the plutonium pit mission and questioned the need to transport plutonium now stored at Pantex to other sites. "Due to its advantageous labor costs and utility rates and water and land availability, Pantex clearly is the most cost-effective site over the life of the production and stewardship program," he said. Billie Poteet, who lives near Pantex, raised concerns about potential contamination of area water resources. "Before we start another mess, let's clean up the one that they have," she said. "We need clean water." Kenneth Peddicord, associate vice chancellor of the Texas A University System and professor of nuclear engineering, said he was impressed with new technologies now used at a small pit production facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory and urged DOE officials to examine facilities now operating in other countries. "I think Pantex is a preferred alternative for the Modern Pit Facility," Peddicord said. Jeri Osborne, a Pantex neighbor, said she is concerned about contamination of Amarillo's water supply and noted that city wells now draw water from underneath the Pantex Plant. "Plutonium is really nasty stuff. We need to keep it out of our area," she said. "We need to keep our water clean. We need to keep our air clean and we need to keep our agricultural products clean so we can feed the world." Jerry Johnson, co-chairman of Panhandle 2000, a group established about 10 years ago to promote Pantex expansion, cited Pantex's long role as a nuclear weapons assembly and disassembly plant and urged DOE officials to bring the new facility to Pantex. "Certainly the health and safety of whatever is done out there is the primary concern of all of us," he said. "When it is finally built, it will be the safest facility in the world." Mike Mitchell, the project manager for the proposed pit facility, said the $2- to-$4 billion facility would produce 125 or more plutonium pits a year. "The Modern Pit Facility would maintain the nuclear stockpile by producing replacement pits," Mitchell said. The facility's operating costs are estimated at $200- to-$300-million a year with a total employment of more than 1,000, he said. By 2006, the planning phase should end and design work would begin, with construction starting in 2011, Mitchell said. Initial operations could start in 2018 with full-scale production planned for 2020. Environmental impact statements for the five proposed sites should be completed by March 2004, said Jay Rose of the DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration. In April 2004, the secretary of energy is set to decide whether to proceed with the plutonium pit facility and, if so, where to locate it, Rose said. Rose said he will receive more public comments on the environmental impact of the proposed plutonium pit facility by mail at: Mr. Jay Rose, NA-53, 1000 Independence Ave., S.W., Washington D.C. 20585 Or by e-mail, James.Rose@nnsa.doe.gov Or by fax, 1-202-586-5324. The comment period ends Nov. 20. 1996-2002 Amarillo Globe-News ***************************************************************** 40 Fluor considers cuts in Hanford firefighting effort This story was published Tue, Oct 8, 2002 By John Stang Herald staff writer Fluor Hanford is considering trimming one fire station and up to 17 firefighters as a budget-shifting measure. The plan has drawn the ire of Local I-24 of the International Association of Firefighters, which represents Hanford's firefighters and says the reductions will hurt responses to fires and accidents on the Hanford site. The Hanford Fire Department already has trouble meeting the desired response times to fires and accidents with its current fire station setup, concluded a June report to Fluor and the Department of Energy. Fluor is considering closing the fire station at the Fast Flux Test Facility, which would increase response times even more, according to figures in the report prepared by Baltimore-based fire science consulting firm Hughes Associates Inc. Fluor spokesman Michael Turner emphasized that Fluor has not decided if it wants to pursue the possible cuts. The company is looking at many potential cost-cutting measures to keep momentum on DOE's efforts to speed cleanup at Hanford, he said. Complicating the picture is that Fluor does not know how much money it wants to save, nor even when it will have to make that decision. That's because Hanford does not know what its budget is for fiscal 2003, which began Oct. 1. DOE has asked the Bush administration and Congress for a $1.893 billion budget for fiscal 2003, an increase of $117 million over the site's 2002 budget. But the 2003 budget has stalled at various places in Washington, D.C. Consequently, Hanford already has begun fiscal 2003 with funding at the 2002 level until the 2003 budget is adopted. But no one knows when that will happen, or even if the $1.893 billion figure will survive intact or be enough to speed up all the Hanford projects earmarked for acceleration. So, Fluor is looking for what it can trim elsewhere to meet DOE's acceleration requirements. "We understand accelerating cleanup but not at the expense of safety," said Gary Bumgarner, Local I-24's president. Local I-24 officials voiced concerns about trimming firefighters and the FFTF fire station at the same time work will blossom at the FFTF and central Hanford's glassification construction site. There are 101 rank-and-file Hanford firefighters in Local I-24. The site has four fire stations with 17 to 22 firefighters on duty. Each station has at least one fire engine, one ambulance and one crew member who is a paramedic. The stations and staffing levels are as follows: -- 300 Area. Officially five firefighters per shift, but the minimum could be four. -- FFTF. Officially six firefighters per shift, but the minimum could be four. This station also covers the nearby Energy Northwest site. All the FFTF's station's shifts total 18 firefighters -- one more than the maximum of 17 Fluor is studying for possible layoffs. -- 200 Area. Officially seven firefighters per shift and a minimum of five. A battalion commander and a radio operator also are based at this station. -- Two miles east of the two K Reactors. Four firefighters to cover the 100 Area. The Hughes report said the first firefighters and paramedics should arrive at a fire or accident scene within four minutes of the alarm, and 15 firefighters should be at a major fire within eight minutes. In 2001, it took an average of five minutes, seven seconds for an ambulance to reach an accident site and an average of nine minutes, 23 seconds for 15 firefighters to arrive at a scene. "If we start eliminating stations, that's going to lengthen the response times," said Tom Smith, past president of Local I-24. The 300 Area and FFTF stations are more than eight minutes from the 200 Area, the report noted. And if the FFTF station is eliminated, the 300 Area fire crew would have to wait for more than eight minutes for any backup to arrive. Also, the 300 Area fire crew is four to eight minutes away from FFTF and Energy Northwest, the report said. The FFTF station is two minutes from Energy Northwest, union officials said. Since some of Hanford's buildings and some of its open areas are contaminated, that limits support from nearby non-Hanford fire departments, which are not equipped or trained to deal with radioactive environments, Bumgarner said. In 2001, Hanford tallied fewer fires and accidents than similar industrial sites, the Hughes report said. But a dramatic increase in work at the FFTF and 200 Area likely will increase the number of fires and accidents that firefighters must handle, the report added. "You don't get rid of emergency services just prior to demolition and decontamination work," Bumgarner said. Meanwhile, Greg Hughes, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife's manager of the Hanford Reach National Monument, said he didn't know how any possible trimming of firefighters or of the FFTF station would affect controlling range fires on the monument's lands, other than decreasing what Hanford's department can send to a fire. The monument makes up slightly less than half of Hanford's 560 square miles. Local I-24 plans to lobby Fluor, DOE and Washington's congressional delegation to keep the FFTF station open. 2002 Tri-City Herald. All rights reserved. This material may not ***************************************************************** 41 House proposes budget boost for NASA HoustonChronicle.com - Oct. 10, 2002, 8:38AM By KAREN MASTERSON Copyright 2002 Houston Chronicle Washington Bureau WASHINGTON -- House conservatives this week gave NASA an unexpected boost, proposing to increase the space agency's 2003 budget by $300 million more than the Bush administration's request. But the international space station would see none of it. Rather, the House proposed to cut $781.5 million from human spaceflight programs -- work done at Houston's Johnson Space Center and several other NASA centers. The House-proposed increase -- $100 million more than the Senate offered -- would go toward space sciences, aerospace technology, microgravity research and nuclear jet propulsion. Not surprisingly, certain Texas lawmakers are worried, particularly because NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe has been mum to Congress on his intentions when it comes to Johnson. "As long as we don't have people at NASA saying to Congress, `We need this,' then we have problems," said Rep. Nick Lampson, D-Beaumont, whose district includes Johnson. The only Houston-area member on the House Appropriations Committee, where matters of the purse are decided, is Rep. Tom DeLay, the House majority whip from Sugar Land. But even he said Congress has to think more creatively about the space station's embarrassing budget problems and cost overruns. DeLay did secure at least $30 million for NASA's National Space Biomedical Research Institute, which is housed at Baylor College of Medicine. That's well above the Senate's allocation and Bush's request. Overall, the House would allot $15.3 billion for NASA, which is still less than a 1 percent increase over last year and well below the inflation rate. Bush had sought even less for the agency. And he has made it clear that NASA's budget will remain trim, despite pressures on the agency to take on a more diverse agenda. Figures kept by the White House budget office show NASA's funding will remain flat through 2007, the last year for which budget projections are available. Yet, lawmakers with NASA centers in their home states are making more demands on the space agency. For example, the House Science Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics held a hearing last week to showcase the need for a substantial federal investment in tracking asteroids and developing nuclear jet propulsion technology -- which holds possibilities for helping to redirect asteroids headed for Earth. The subcommittee's Republican chairman, Rep. Dana Rohrabacher -- whose state of California has four NASA centers, two of which do asteroid and propulsion work -- invoked images of Armageddon to make his points. Expert witnesses, responding to his questions, testified that if any one of three large meteors barely missing Earth in the last few years had actually struck Southern Califonia, "everyone would have died." And the experts said even a small asteroid landing in the Atlantic or Pacific would drown coastal states under a 1,000-foot wall of water. Proponents of shifting NASA's focus to asteroids hope such strong images will propel the administration to realign its priorities in the coming months. The pressure is expected to pit supporters of NASA's programs against each other, a prospect that troubles champions of the space station and its scientific research potential. "You can't take a research program and turn if off one year and on the next," said Sen. John Glenn, D-Ohio, a member of NASA's advisory council and Congress' most vocal NASA supporter before he retired in 1994. He said despite the project's budget problems and enormous cost overruns, the station has a limited lifespan and should be utilized now. To shelve it even temporarily would be a waste of the investment already made, he added. Even within human space travel programs, NASA is being tugged in several directions. Johnson Space Center lost its contract to complete the X-38, an emergency evacuation vehicle that would have increased the space station's capacity to seven astronauts instead of three. Lampson suspects that the new vehicle, to be developed for multipurpose use -- perhaps even for carrying missiles -- will not be built at Johnson. Rather, he said it may go to the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. The Alabama delegation is made up of "very organized and tight-knit members of Congress" who "play their politics" better than the Houston delegation, Lampson said. "One or two or three of us is not enough to make sure Johnson Space Center gets its share," he added. "We need the strong and active support of Tom DeLay." Lampson said Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison, R-Texas, is able to influence the appropriations process on the Senate side. But he said DeLay has the power to "almost by himself turn things our way." DeLay countered that he is using his power to help Johnson: "I'm the guy that's saving human spaceflight programs. I'm the one getting upgrades on the shuttle. Particular people in the Houston delegation only look at line items (earmarking funds) and keeping people working. There are different ways of bringing in money." DeLay offered no specifics. But officials at NASA have suggested greater privatization of the space station and sharing part of its mission with the Pentagon. ***************************************************************** 42 Pandora's Lab The Salt Lake Tribune -- Thursday, October 10, 2002 Utah State University officials are seeking "guidance" from state officials about the construction of a Biosafety Level 4 lab in the state (Tribune, Oct. 5). BSL-4 labs are designed to contain the most deadly of biological agents such as Ebola virus. Michael Keene is quoted as saying that "we have vaccines and therapies to cure BSL-3 diseases. For BSL-4 diseases, we do not." This statement is patently false: HIV research is routinely carried out in a BSL-3 lab: vaccine and therapies to cure HIV are not yet realized. But more to the point, we fail to see the necessity for this lab in Utah at this time. On one hand the governor is fighting to keep high-level radioactive waste out of the state, on the other hand by supporting the construction of this lab, the state would be endorsing the importation into this state of a Pandora's box of deadly infectious agents from the far corners of the world. Make no mistake, this initiative is not driven by science but by money. The National Institutes of Health alone have $1.5 billion this year earmarked for bioterrorism research, other agencies no doubt will bring more money to the table. This initiative is simply an attempt to garner such funds before they disappear into someone else's pockets. We have spent our professional careers studying the mechanisms of pathogen infections and host responses. We endorse the investment of state and federal funds and resources into the furthering of such studies. But the construction of a BSL-4 containment facility in Utah for biological testing of the deadliest of infectious agents is simply not warranted. If the state wants to support microbiological research, we can come up with a number of projects to study pathogens that kill or incapacitate Utah residents daily. JOHN H. WEIS, Ph.D. JANIS J. WEIS, Ph.D. Professors of Pathology University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City © Copyright 2002, The Salt Lake Tribune All material found on ***************************************************************** 43 Different Parties, Similar Views in Tooele The Salt Lake Tribune -- Thursday, October 10, 2002 BY MARK EDDINGTON The Tooele County Commission race between Democrat Frank Scharmann and Republican Matt Lawrence can be summed up as much ado about geography. Scharmann -- a Tooele resident who is stepping down as county sheriff to run for the seat Commissioner Teryl Hunsaker is vacating -- contends that his 30 years in law enforcement means he knows the terrain. Lawrence -- an LDS seminary teacher -- says voters need a Grantsville resident on the commission to broaden representation. Other than that, there seems to be little separating the pair. Both oppose Initiative 1, a ballot measure that would raise taxes on Envirocare of Utah, a Tooele County company that handles low-level radioactive waste. "We need to support Envirocare to keep the company and its 400 employees here," Scharmann said. They also agree on upgrades for state Route 36. The $35 million project is designed to widen the road between Interstate 80 and Tooele. "Getting money from the Legislature to finish the Highway 36 project is critical because so many county residents commute to work in Salt Lake City," Lawrence said. Both candidates back Wendover annexation, saying residents there should have the right to choose to become part of Nevada's West Wendover. They further agree that it is up to the Goshutes to decide if they will store nuclear waste on tribal lands. "The Goshutes are a sovereign nation and we really do not have a say," Scharmann said. "If storing nuclear waste is important to them, then that's what they need to do." If elected, Scharmann, 56, will push for construction of a "mid-valley highway" to ease pressure on Highway 36. He also would look at boosting wages for county employees while reducing the cost of their medical insurance. Lawrence, 47, wants to clean up the canyons. "We have terrible problems with garbage, crime and drug-and-alcohol parties in our canyons," he said. He also wants to make Desert Peaks Complex more self-sustaining by attracting more paying business to the county recreation site. In the sheriff's race, Frank Park, 52, Scharmann's chief deputy and a 21-year veteran with the department, argues Tooele's top cop is a job for an insider. Republican Steven Swartz- fager, a Tooele City police sergeant with 18 years on the force, counters that an outsider would bring fresh ideas. If elected, Park says he will re-energize Neighborhood Watch programs and set up citizen advisory boards to act as extra "eyes and ears" for the department in isolated places that dot the county's 7,200 square miles. Swartzfager, 45, vows to reorganize to put more deputies in the canyons and other county areas. He says his time with the Tooele Police Department has made him streetwise about how to best deploy officers and get the most out of tax dollars. He also says too many criminals are being set free because of a lack of space at the county jail. But rather than building a new jail, he favors contracting with entities elsewhere to house inmates. Another countywide contest looms for county clerk, a battle pitting GOP challenger Mike Worthington against incumbent Democrat Dennis Ewing. In the surveyor's race, Democratic incumbent Donald Rosenberg faces Republican Douglas Kinsman. meddington@sltrib.com © Copyright 2002, The Salt Lake Tribune All material found on ***************************************************************** 44 House proposes budget boost for NASA HoustonChronicle.com /Oct. 10, 2002, 8:38AM/ *By KAREN MASTERSON* WASHINGTON -- House conservatives this week gave NASA an unexpected boost, proposing to increase the space agency's 2003 budget by $300 million more than the Bush administration's request. But the international space station would see none of it. Rather, the House proposed to cut $781.5 million from human spaceflight programs -- work done at Houston's Johnson Space Center and several other NASA centers. The House-proposed increase -- $100 million more than the Senate offered -- would go toward space sciences, aerospace technology, microgravity research and nuclear jet propulsion. Not surprisingly, certain Texas lawmakers are worried, particularly because NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe has been mum to Congress on his intentions when it comes to Johnson. "As long as we don't have people at NASA saying to Congress, `We need this,' then we have problems," said Rep. Nick Lampson, D-Beaumont, whose district includes Johnson. The only Houston-area member on the House Appropriations Committee, where matters of the purse are decided, is Rep. Tom DeLay, the House majority whip from Sugar Land. But even he said Congress has to think more creatively about the space station's embarrassing budget problems and cost overruns. DeLay did secure at least $30 million for NASA's National Space Biomedical Research Institute, which is housed at Baylor College of Medicine. That's well above the Senate's allocation and Bush's request. Overall, the House would allot $15.3 billion for NASA, which is still less than a 1 percent increase over last year and well below the inflation rate. Bush had sought even less for the agency. And he has made it clear that NASA's budget will remain trim, despite pressures on the agency to take on a more diverse agenda. Figures kept by the White House budget office show NASA's funding will remain flat through 2007, the last year for which budget projections are available. Yet, lawmakers with NASA centers in their home states are making more demands on the space agency. For example, the House Science Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics held a hearing last week to showcase the need for a substantial federal investment in tracking asteroids and developing nuclear jet propulsion technology -- which holds possibilities for helping to redirect asteroids headed for Earth. The subcommittee's Republican chairman, Rep. Dana Rohrabacher -- whose state of California has four NASA centers, two of which do asteroid and propulsion work -- invoked images of Armageddon to make his points. Expert witnesses, responding to his questions, testified that if any one of three large meteors barely missing Earth in the last few years had actually struck Southern Califonia, "everyone would have died." And the experts said even a small asteroid landing in the Atlantic or Pacific would drown coastal states under a 1,000-foot wall of water. Proponents of shifting NASA's focus to asteroids hope such strong images will propel the administration to realign its priorities in the coming months. The pressure is expected to pit supporters of NASA's programs against each other, a prospect that troubles champions of the space station and its scientific research potential. "You can't take a research program and turn if off one year and on the next," said Sen. John Glenn, D-Ohio, a member of NASA's advisory council and Congress' most vocal NASA supporter before he retired in 1994. He said despite the project's budget problems and enormous cost overruns, the station has a limited lifespan and should be utilized now. To shelve it even temporarily would be a waste of the investment already made, he added. Even within human space travel programs, NASA is being tugged in several directions. Johnson Space Center lost its contract to complete the X-38, an emergency evacuation vehicle that would have increased the space station's capacity to seven astronauts instead of three. Lampson suspects that the new vehicle, to be developed for multipurpose use -- perhaps even for carrying missiles -- will not be built at Johnson. Rather, he said it may go to the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. The Alabama delegation is made up of "very organized and tight-knit members of Congress" who "play their politics" better than the Houston delegation, Lampson said. "One or two or three of us is not enough to make sure Johnson Space Center gets its share," he added. "We need the strong and active support of Tom DeLay." Lampson said Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison, R-Texas, is able to influence the appropriations process on the Senate side. But he said DeLay has the power to "almost by himself turn things our way." DeLay countered that he is using his power to help Johnson: "I'm the guy that's saving human spaceflight programs. I'm the one getting upgrades on the shuttle. Particular people in the Houston delegation only look at line items (earmarking funds) and keeping people working. There are different ways of bringing in money." DeLay offered no specifics. But officials at NASA have suggested greater privatization of the space station and sharing part of its mission with the Pentagon. ***************************************************************** NOTE: In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107 this material is distributed without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving this information for non-profit research and educational purposes only. For more information go to: *****************************************************************