***************************************************************** 04/25/06 **** RADIATION BULLETIN(RADBULL) **** VOL 14.98 ***************************************************************** RADBULL IS PRODUCED BY THE ABALONE ALLIANCE CLEARINGHOUSE ***************************************************************** Send News Stories to news@energy-net.org with title on subject line and first line of body NUCLEAR POLICY 1 GM: The Clean and Safe Energy Coalition tries to buy some green cred 2 OCHA IRIN: IRAQ: Radioactivity poses risk to population, warns UN 3 Alarab Online: IAEA to help Iraq in radiation safety areas 4 [NYTr] Iran threatens to hide nuclear program 5 IRNA: Iran ready to help US change its attitude in region - Larijani 6 AFP: China insists diplomacy can still resolve Iran nuclear issue - 7 IRNA: Int'l Conference on Iran's Nuclear Energy Program opens 8 IRNA: India for dialogue to resolve Iran nuclear issue 9 IRNA: Iran ready to schedule its nuclear research program - Larijani 10 IRNA: Rafsanjani deplores performance of UN nuclear agency on Iran 11 IRNA: Iran not insisting on completely home-made N-fuel - Larijani - 12 IRNA: Iran nuclear case complicated but negotiable: official 13 Guardian Unlimited: Rice Gets No Backing From Greece on Iran 14 Guardian Unlimited: Rice Dismisses New Threats From Iran 15 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Threatens to Hide Nuclear Program 16 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Ready to Transfer Nuclear Know-How 17 Guardian Unlimited: Blair warns over Iran threat 18 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Threatens to Hide Its Nuclear Program 19 BBC: Iran threatens to end UN contacts 20 Platts: Iran says going nuclear will free up crude for export 21 IRNA: Iran to suspend cooperation with IAEA if sanctions are imposed 22 AFP: India urges against confrontation with Iran 23 AFP: US 'concerned' over Iran sharing nuclear technology 24 AFP: US envoy says Iran nuclear comments 'irresponsible' 25 AFP: Iran threatens to hide nuclear programme 26 AFP: Iran threatens to halt relations with IAEA, hide programme if a 27 Guardian Unlimited: N. Korea Won't Return to Six-Nation Talks 28 Korea Herald: [EDITORIAL] Ex-leader's N.K. visit 29 Korea Herald: [EDITORIAL] Hollow agreements again 30 Korea Times: Expectations Run High on DJ's NK Visit 31 Telegraph - Calcutta: US tries to clear N-deal cloud 32 AFP: US plays down India's refusal to reaffirm nuclear test commitme 33 US: Las Vegas SUN: Editorial: 2005 energy bill is obsolete 34 [NukeNet] Former Environmental Ministers Call on UN to Reform 35 AFP: Pakistan, India to hold nuclear talks 36 IRNA: IAEA, ElBaradei should be accountable to history: Rafsanjani - 37 UPI: India, Pakistan talk nuclear safety, war NUCLEAR REACTORS 38 [NYTr] Vigils mark 20th anniversary of Chernobyl disaster 39 US: NRC can't investigate day-care concerns 40 [NukeNet] CNIC Chernobyl 20th Anniversary Appeal 41 US: Cooling solution? Nuclear power industry sells itself. Critics 42 ITAR-TASS: CIS to exert every effort to minimise Chernobyl disaster 43 ITAR-TASS: Russia part in Chernobyl efforts to continue 44 ITAR-TASS: Relatives allowed to visit Chernobyl self-settlers 45 csmonitor.com: Still under Chernobyl's shadow 46 Public Citizen: Chernobyl Anniversary Serves as Reminder of 47 AU ABC: Chernobyl cited in no nuclear power call. 48 The Australian: Plea to remember Chernobyl victims | | 49 FOXNews.com - Chernobyl: A Living Disaster - 50 Guardian Unlimited: A Worker Recalls the Chernobyl Disaster 51 Guardian Unlimited: 20 Years Later, Chernobyl's Scars Remain 52 Guardian Unlimited: Chernobyl Widows Still Cope With Loss 53 London Times: Lessons from Chernobyl - 54 ForUm: President Yushchenko presided over the meeting on Chernobyl 55 Bellona: Member of the European Parliament wants IAEA off Chernobyl 56 US: NRC: NRC to Discuss 2005 Performance at Comanche Peak Nuclear Pl 57 RIA Novosti: CIS calls for global effort to ensure safety at Chernob 58 RIA Novosti: Chernobyl exploded USSR 59 BBC: Chernobyl's legacy still undecided 60 BBC: Chernobyl's continuing hazards 61 BBC: Ukraine remembers Chernobyl blast 62 US: Platts: Davis-Besse expected to return from refueling soon 63 US: NRC: NRC to Discuss 2005 Performance Assessment for Davis-Besse 64 US: Platts: Westinghouse CEO: Changes will mark how new plants const 65 Platts: Investment in nuclear in the UK could be a serious considera 66 CBC News: Reports from Abroad: Chernobyl: 20 years later 67 US: NRC: NRC to Hold Public Meetings May 10-11 in Georgia to Discuss 68 US: DesMoinesRegister.com: Nuclear energy not a clean, cheap answer 69 US: APP.COM: Weeklong inspection at Lacey reactor | 70 AFP: In Chernobyl's shadow, newcomers put down roots 71 AFP: Vigils mark 20th anniversary of Chernobyl disaster 72 CFR: Chernobyl Revisited - 73 Xinhua: Canada announces support for Chernobyl shelter 74 TheStar.com: Nuclear power is safe 75 Wiener Zeitung: Austria fights nuclear energy 76 Alarab Online: Iran to stop atomic transparency if attacked 77 US: Rutland Herald: Watchdogs cry foul in Yankee power increase 78 US: NRC: Sunshine Act Meetings 79 People's Daily: Official: Chernobyl pollution still affects 1.5 mill 80 NRCU: Chernobyl budget on medical treatment 81 Interfax: EU to continue to offer Chornobyl aid to Ukraine 82 Kyiv Post: Chernobyl 'liquidators' on hunger strike to protest 83 Reuters: CHRONOLOGY-Nuclear accidents worldwide 84 ITAR-TASS: Soviet government concealed Chernobyl disaster truth for 85 ITAR-TASS: Int’l efforts required for building new Chernobyl confine NUCLEAR SECURITY NUCLEAR SAFETY 86 US: [NukeNet] NRC says it can't investigate day-care concerns 87 US: [NukeNet] The truth about evacuation plans 88 US: komo news: Study: Cancer Deaths Not Higher In Tri-Cities Area 89 US: TIME.com: The Fallout Before a Bomb Test 90 Sydney Morning Herald: Fast-bake fix straight from nuclear kitchen - 91 US: Eureka Reporter: Bill on depleted uranium in Senate 92 US: Salt Lake Tribune: Explosion test has Hatch upset 93 US: delawareonline: Nuclear plant replacing critical pump NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE 94 Ensign: ENSIGN OFFERS TESTIMONY ON YUCCA MOUNTAIN HEARING 95 KLASTV.com: Yucca Mt. Project to Move Forward With Latest Decision 96 US: TimesUnion.com: More uranium-tainted soil found 97 icNorthWales: Terrorist threat to nuclear waste train 98 Los Angeles Chronicle: PORTER EXAMINES GAO REPORT AT YUCCA MOUNTAIN 99 Las Vegas SUN: No criminal charges in Yucca Mountain e-mail controve 100 US: Deseret News: MAX Resource drills in Utah for uranium 101 US: THERECORD.COM: Proposed nuclear waste storage site to be tested PEACE US DEPT. OF ENERGY 102 Knox News: 450 new Boeing jobs possible 103 Knox News: Solve the mystery, save its history 104 Hanford News: Hanford tests leak-detection upgrade 105 Tri-Valley Herald: Lab teams deliver new H-bomb designs 106 DOE: Wackenhut Facing Investigation Concerning Falsification of 107 DOE: Environmental Management Site-Specific Advisory Board, Idaho 108 DOE: Environmental Management Site-Specific Advisory Board, Northern ***************************************************************** ***************************************************************** FULL NEWS STORIES ***************************************************************** ***************************************************************** 1 GM: The Clean and Safe Energy Coalition tries to buy some green cred Gristmill: The environmental news blog | Grist Magazine Posted by David Roberts at 10:29 PM on 24 Apr 2006 I didn't really notice this when the big hubbub was going on last week, but did you know that ex-EPA administrator Christie Whitman and long-time anti-environmental zealot (and oh yeah, "Greenpeace co-founder") Patrick Moore are paid shills for the nuclear industry? Organizers released a list of 58 companies and institutions and 10 people who they said were members of a new Clean and Safe Energy Coalition, which Mr. Moore said would engage in "grass-roots advocacy." A spokesman for the Nuclear Energy Institute, the trade association of reactor operators, acknowledged that it was providing all of the financing, but would not say what the budget was. That sound like "grass-roots" to you? (More at the Cleveland Plain Dealer, and a lot more on Moore on DailyKos. Also, check out the letters to the editorthe WaPo received in response to Moore's op-ed, which are utterly devastating to it.) For story: The Clean and Safe Energy Coalition tries to buy some green cred 2 Comments | Post a Comment It may be necessary to fight fire with fire Government's fossil fuel interestmakes promotion of nuclear energy a fighting-City-Hall exercise (and makes those who say government loves it very unpleasantly foolish). Presumably everyone here is vaguely aware that a dollar's worth of uranium replaces crude oil that costs $70 or natural gas that costs $40. As all three prices rise and fall, this relation stays about the same. City Hall can't make up lost fossil fuel tax revenue on the uranium that replaces it; that's why nuclear energy is a left-versus-right issue where the left is on the take and the right, to a significant extent, isn't. As another nuclear promotersaid, ... [Moore's] article has caused 179 responses in the blogsphere. That is a pretty big splash. Moore has to be making a difference. I don't know what the magic is - when I say the same things no one listens. When Moore says it lots listen. Weird, eh? ;^) And another: ... Nowhere in Moore's article does he renounce or expose the massive distortions of fact that the antinuclear movement has broadcast for the past two decades. Moore has simply recognized that if the biggest environmental threat is global climate change, nuclear power, in spite of its risks, is preferable to coal-fired electric generation. He generously concedes that in fact nuclear reactors do not emit carbon dioxide -- something that is so obvious he should have known it all along. He is indeed to be commended for recognizing the dichotomy faced by the environmental movement: that one can't rationally be both anti-nuke and anti-global climate change at the same time... ... I am one who actually was forced out of the environmental movement, in an unpleasant, extended process that began in 1985 and continued through 2003. Unlike Moore, I was merely a foot soldier in the wars to preserve the environment. Also unlike Moore, I didn't get space for my nuclear views on any Op-ed pages. Instead I was thoroughly trashed by the Seattle Post-Intelligencer for being a turncoat. Nor am I alone. Moore and the NEI group aren't grass-roots; people like Randal Leavitt and Ruth Greiner and me are, but are paid little attention. --- G.R.L. Cowan, former hydrogen fan B: internal combustion, nuclear cachet by GRLCowan at 10:11 AM on 25 Apr 2006 a bunch of hooey GRL, coal-fired electricity is not the only alternative to nuclear. There's also energy efficiency + clean energy. And the "emits no CO2" thing is a red herring. Lots of CO2 is emitted during the full nuclear life-cycle. Grassroots nuclear advocates are ignored because their arguments are awful. Moore is not ignored because he's got lots and lots of money behind him and the Washington Post is determined to burn what little is left of its credibility. www.grist.org by David Roberts at 10:23 AM on 25 Apr 2006 You are not logged in. Thus, you cannot post a comment. If you have an account, log in. If you don't have an account, well, by all means go make one! Meet you back here in five. ***************************************************************** 2 OCHA IRIN: IRAQ: Radioactivity poses risk to population, warns UN nuclear agency - Wednesday 26 April 2006 [ This report does not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations] BAGHDAD, 25 Apr 2006 (IRIN) - The Vienna-based International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) announced on Monday that some 1,000 people living near the former Tuwaitha nuclear site faced serious health risks from lingering radiation. Tuwaitha, situated some 20 km south of the capital, Baghdad, “is one of a number of sites in the country identified as needing decommissioning or remediation, where radioactive material was used or waste buried,” according to an IAEA statement. Residents of the nearby Ishtar village, for example, are exposed to levels of radiation higher than normal, the agency noted, which – in the case of prolonged exposure – could pose serious health risks. According to Bushra Ali Ahmed, director of the Radiation Protection Centre in Baghdad, blood tests carried out on residents revealed a degree of radioactivity in almost half of them. Devoted to nuclear research under the former regime of Saddam Hussein, Tuwaitha has the highest levels of ambient radiation in the country, according to experts. “Research was done under the Hussein regime using the most dangerous kinds of nuclear material,” said Ammar Kheiry, a senior official at the Ministry of Science and Technology. “This resulted in a concentration of radioactive material and exposure of innocent civilians to the dangerous material.” Kheiry went on to draw attention to the government’s concern over radioactive material and equipment that vanished from Iraq's nuclear sites in the wake of the 2003 US-led invasion of the country. There have been scattered reports, for instance, of equipment being used by poor families to store water and petrol domestically. Officials at the health ministry, meanwhile, point out that the number of patients diagnosed with cancer countrywide has increased noticeably in the past two years. Experts suspect the main cause for rising cancer rates could be radioactive contamination resulting from the widespread use of radioactive munitions and equipment. "Before 2003, there was one new cancer case a day in the capital, at most. This number has now risen to five per day,” said Dr Ahmed Abdul Jabbar, an oncologist at the Baghdad Radiation Hospital. “An urgent study should be undertaken, because, according to our statistics, most of the cancer cases have come from areas affected by war and fighting.” The government, therefore, has asked the IAEA for assistance compiling a study on radiation levels throughout the country. “We’ve called for help from international organisations with expertise in these issues to protect Iraqis from becoming victims of these dangerous materials,” Kheiry explained. The first steps to be undertaken by the IAEA will be to identify, cordon off and prioritise the areas posing the greatest risk to the population. According to agency officials, the main challenge will be to “determine unknown locations where contaminated equipment and materials might be buried and recover lost records about…radioactive materials stored in waste containers”. But cleaning up radioactive materials is a relatively long and complicated process, say officials. "This is a huge task,” Dennis Reisenweaver, the IAEA expert heading the effort, noted recently. “And one that could take many years.” [ENDS] Copyright © IRIN 2006 The material contained on www.IRINnews.org comes to you via ***************************************************************** 3 Alarab Online: IAEA to help Iraq in radiation safety areas The International Atomic Energy Agency has begun a drive to help clean up Iraq's contaminated nuclear sites in a project that could take years, according to a senior United Nations official invited by the Iraqi government to help it with the task. The project's groundwork was set at a meeting of UN atomic watchdog in Vienna in February attended by the Iraqi minister for science and technology, representatives from 16 countries, including the United States, and the European Commission. "This is a huge task, one that could take many years," said Dennis Reisenweaver, the IAEA safety expert in charge of the effort, noting that among the first steps is the need to identify, cordon off and prioritize contaminated areas that pose the most risk to the public. Some of the challenges include determining now unknown locations where contaminated equipment and materials might be buried, and recovering lost records about the contents of radioactive materials stored in waste containers. "Given the magnitude of the task ahead, the project needs to be carried out through a combined effort between Iraq organizations and the IAEA's member states," Reisenweaver said. One of the major known sites is the Tuwaitha complex that was inspected and largely dismantled during IAEA-led weapons inspections in the 1990s and subsequently bombed in the 2003 United States'invasion, after which it was looted, making media headlines when barrels containing low-level uranium ore concentrate known as 'yellowcake' were stolen. The barrels were emptied and sold to local people who used them for storing water or food, or to wash clothes. Under its nuclear safeguards agreement with Iraq, the IAEA inspected the site, noting that the missing material posed no proliferation concern and that efforts were required to recover the dispersed material. At present 1,000 Iraqi men, women and children in the village of Ishtar near the site, 20 kilometres south of Baghdad, are living in an area contaminated by radioactive residues and ruins, where levels of radiation are known to be higher than normal and prolonged exposure could prove risky over time. During the project's first phase, it is expected the IAEA will assist with training, equipment and analysis of data to prioritize sites and facilities that need to be decommissioned first on radiation safety grounds. The agency is also aiding Iraq in several areas related to radiation safety and waste management. They include regional technical cooperation projects to upgrade capabilities for controlling radiation sources and responding to radiation emergencies. Alarab Online. © 2005 All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 4 [NYTr] Iran threatens to hide nuclear program Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2006 11:32:30 -0500 (CDT) Via NY Transfer News Collective * All the News that Doesn't Fit AP - Apr 25, 2006 http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/I/IRAN_NUCLEAR?SITE=MAHYC&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT Iran threatens to hide nuclear program By ALI AKBAR DAREINI Associated Press Writer TEHRAN, Iran (AP) -- Iran threatened Tuesday to begin hiding its nuclear program if the West takes any "harsh measures" against it - Tehran's sharpest rebuttal yet to a U.N. Security Council deadline to suspend uranium enrichment or face possible sanctions. Iran's supreme leader, meanwhile, said in a meeting with the president of wartorn Sudan that Tehran was ready to transfer its nuclear technology to other countries. Iran's warning to the U.N. watchdog agency, the International Atomic Energy Agency, came from Tehran's top nuclear negotiator, Ali Larijani. They were the strongest words of defiance yet ahead of a Friday deadline, set by the Security Council, for Iran to suspend enrichment of uranium, a process that can produce fuel for nuclear reactors or material for warheads. "Military action against Iran will not end our program," Larijani said at a conference on the energy program. "If you take harsh measures, we will hide this program. If you use the language of force, you should not expect us to act transparently." Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice immediately shot back, saying Iran's statements were further isolating it from the international community. "Iranians can threaten, but they are deepening their own isolation," she said in Athens. The United States has not threatened military action and has said it is pursuing diplomatic option. But President Bush has said all options, including military force, remain on the table. Larijani's comments came a day after Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad boldly predicted the Security Council would not impose sanctions and warned he was thinking about dropping out of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. On Tuesday, Larijani said flatly that Iran would not abide by Friday's deadline to suspend enrichment, and would halt all cooperation with the IAEA and pull out of the treaty if sanctions were imposed. "If you take the first step wrong, the wrong trend will continue. We welcome any logical proposal to resolve the issue. They just need to say why should we suspend," Larijani said. IAEA spokesman Marc Vidricaire said Tuesday it would not comment. He said no public statements were planned ahead of director Mohamed ElBaradei's report to the Security Council and the agency's board, expected by week's end. The remarks on sharing nuclear technology by Iran's top leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, came as he met with Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir. "Iran's nuclear capability is one example of various scientific capabilities in the country. ... The Islamic Republic of Iran is prepared to transfer the experience, knowledge and technology of its scientists," Khamenei told al-Bashir. Al-Bashir said last month that his impoverished country was considering trying to create a nuclear program to generate electrical power. Such a transfer of technology would be legal as long as it is between signatory-states to the nonproliferation treaty, and as long as the IAEA was informed. The United States and European allies are expected to press for binding measures against Iran when the Security Council begins the next round of review of the Iranian case as soon as next week. Although Rice has recently raised the likelihood of pressing for sanctions, she did not go that far Tuesday when taking questions after a meeting with her Greek counterpart, saying only that the Security Council must now issue something more concrete than last month's "presidential statement," which gave Iran 30 days to comply. China and Russia, which are permanent, veto-wielding members of the council, oppose sanctions and both called Tuesday for more negotiations. "We see no alternative to the negotiations process," Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov was quoted as saying by the Interfax news agency while in Beijing for a regional anti-terrorism meeting. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang urged all parties "to show flexibility," saying the international community should not abandon efforts for a peaceful settlement. Tuesday's comments were not the first time Iran has threatened to curb cooperation. Several months ago, Tehran announced it would not honor the IAEA's so-called "additional protocol," which gave the agency increased inspection powers. But Larijani said this time Iran would suspend its cooperation altogether if sanctions were imposed. "How are you going to prevent our nuclear activities by imposing sanctions? If U.N. Security Council sanctions are to be imposed on Iran, we will definitely suspend our cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency," Larijani said. He added that Western countries on the IAEA board "have to understand they cannot resolve this issue through force." He also hinted that sanctions or even what he called coercive language from the Security Council would cause Iran to speed up its nuclear activities. "You can't set a framework through coercion. If you try to do it by force, our response will be to break such a framework," he said. The United States, Britain and France say they have suspicions that Iran is seeking to make nuclear weapons. Iran denies the charge and says its nuclear program is for peaceful electricity generation only. Ahmadinejad appears to be banking on support from China and Russia to dissuade Washington from pressing a sanctions vote. Suspicions about Iran's intentions have grown since it was discovered in 2002 that the country had for two decades secretly operated large-scale nuclear activities that could be used in weapons making. The IAEA says it has since found no direct evidence of an arms program, but it also says the Iranians have not been fully forthcoming. After repeated attempts at negotiations, the IAEA reported Iran to the Security Council for noncompliance. The council then gave Iran until Friday to suspend enrichment. ) 2006 The Associated Press. * ================================================================ .NY Transfer News Collective * A Service of Blythe Systems . Since 1985 - Information for the Rest of Us . .339 Lafayette St., New York, NY 10012 http://www.blythe.org .List Archives: https://olm.blythe-systems.com/pipermail/nytr/ .Subscribe: https://olm.blythe-systems.com/mailman/listinfo/nytr ================================================================ ***************************************************************** 5 IRNA: Iran ready to help US change its attitude in region - Larijani - Tehran, April 25, IRNA Iran-Larijani-Nuclear issue Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) Ali Larijani said here Tuesday that the time was ripe for the United States to change its attitude in the region, and offered Iran's help in this regard. Larijani was speaking to reporters on the sidelines of an ongoing international conference dubbed `Iran's Nuclear Energy Program: Policies and Prospects' which kicked off here Tuesday morning. "The US attitude has led to mistrust at the highest level in the region. If Al-Qaeda was in the minority before, the fact is it has now established a base in the region as a result of the US' behavior," he said. Larijani stressed that the US' attitude toward issues has promoted terrorism in the region. "The Taliban was set up with US assistance but today US officials can no longer deny their mistake." Pointing to US moves in Iraq, he said: "We supported the political process leading to the formation of the government in Iraq but surprisingly US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and British Prime Minister Tony Blair arrived in Baghdad at night to establish a government." "Their (US and allies) Zionist advisors have led to their making such mistakes in the Middle East region," Larijani said. In response to a question on US efforts to draw Europeans to their side in the nuclear standoff with Iran, the SNSC secretary said: "The US has no need to encourage the Europeans. This will have no advantage for Europe." He said "Europe is wise to the extent that it is currently following up settlement of Iran's nuclear case although it is under US pressure." "The Islamic Republic of Iran does not want to humiliate any country. The US should know it will lose its prestige in the world if it attacks Iran," he said. "We are ready for a reasoned approach and for peaceful means to settle the issue but will give an appropriate response if the US uses tough language." He warned the US against using threats "to deter Iran from its path," saying it should ponder its moves and weight their consequences. "If the US decides to impose sanctions on Iran, we will halt our cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)," he declared. He stressed that Iran would stop using kind language if it were subjected to bullying and violence. The SNSC secretary rejected allegations of any covert nuclear activity in Iran, saying "all nuclear activities of the country, including those carried out in Isfahan's Uranium Conversion Facility, (UCF) have been under IAEA surveillance." "With regard to Natanz, based on the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), there was no need to announce activities since we did not carry out injection. Injection of gas into centrifuges has not been conducted since a few days ago," Larijani added. Asked when Majlis would approve the Additional Protocol to the NPT, he said that the "government had previously ratified the protocol. Processes are also currently underway in Majlis in this regard." "This shows Iran's determination to ratify the protocol which it regards as an important step. But certain countries, including Israel, have not ratified it even in their parliaments." ***************************************************************** 6 AFP: China insists diplomacy can still resolve Iran nuclear issue - Tuesday April 25, 06:09 PM BEIJING (AFP) - China has insisted the Iran nuclear issue could still be resolved through negotiations as it called on all sides to show flexibility in ending the escalating stand-off. "We believe, in the current stage, there is still room to resolve this issue through negotiations," foreign ministry spokesman Qin Gang told reporters at a regular briefing. "We call on all parties to show flexibility and allow a proper resolution of this issue through dialogue and negotiations. The international community should not abandon its efforts for peaceful negotiations. And all moves should be helpful to achieving this objective." Qin's comments came after Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said on Monday his nation would not comply with a UN Security Council demand that it freeze its uranium enrichment program by Friday. The United States is pushing for the Council to consider a draft resolution that would oblige Iran to comply or face sanctions or possible military action. Iran's top nuclear negotiator Ali Larijani said on Tuesday that his nation would suspend its relations with the UN's atomic watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency, if sanctions were imposed. He also said Iran was expanding its uranium enrichment work and that the country would hide its nuclear program if it was attacked. Qin's initial comments were made before Larijani spoke. But Qin said afterwards that the Iranian negotiator's latest comments did not change China's position. "We hope all sides will exercise restraint and flexibility and continue to hold dialogue and negotiations so as to create favorable conditions to properly resolve the Iranian nuclear issue," Qin said. Iran says it only wants to enrich uranium to make reactor fuel to generate electricity, but the United States and other Western powers say the energy program is a cover for building nuclear weapons. China has strong trade ties with Iran, particularly in the energy sector, and has steadfastly refused to take as hardline a stance on the nuclear issue as the United States would like. Copyright © 2006 AFP. All rights reserved. All information ***************************************************************** 7 IRNA: Int'l Conference on Iran's Nuclear Energy Program opens Tehran, April 25, IRNA Iran-Nuclear-Conference An international conference dubbed `Iran's Nuclear Energy Program: Policies and Prospects' kicked off here Tuesday morning. The Iranian delegation attending the conference is headed by the the deputy head of the Strategic Research Center for International Research at the Expediency Council (EC), Hossein Moussavian. The EC Chairman Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) Secretary Ali Larijani are scheduled to deliver speeches at the conference. ***************************************************************** 8 IRNA: India for dialogue to resolve Iran nuclear issue , April 25, IRNA -- India Tuesday said that issues relating to Iran's nuclear program should be resolved through dialogue. "Confrontation or threats or use of force can only exacerbate tensions in a region which is of vital importance to India, and must therefore be avoided at all costs," said the spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs here today when asked about India's position on reports that force or sanctions could be used against Iran. "Iran has the right to develop nuclear energy for peaceful purposes but this must be consistent with its international commitments and obligations," he said. "India values its civilizational ties and traditionally close and friendly relations with Iran," he added. India, along with other friendly countries, is continuing its efforts to reach an amicable resolution of outstanding issues through patient dialogue. ***************************************************************** 9 IRNA: Iran ready to schedule its nuclear research program - Larijani - Tehran, April 25, IRNA Iran-Larijani-Nuclear Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) Ali Larijani here Tuesday urged that in the upcoming talks the perspective of nuclear program should be clarified as Iran is prepared to schedule its nuclear research program. Speaking to reporters on the sidelines of the international conference dubbed `Iran's Nuclear Energy Program: Policies and Prospects', he announced that Iran expects a positive outcome from its talks with the Western countries. He added that it is possible to develop a formula through talks that will prevent any deviation from peaceful path by Iran, which will also enable it to obtain its right. Turning to the fact that `the new situation requires a new solution', Larijani said that they still talk about `suspension', which does not make sense. "No man of wits will ever say that if the 164 centrifuges are not suspended, there is the risk of development of bomb," he added. The chief negotiator pointed to the current conditions as sensitive and said that in principle, there are two options: "If the issue is to be examined by the UN Security Council (UNSC), Iran will also proceed in the same path. However, in case reasonable steps are taken, Iran will cooperate," he added. Stressing that the nuclear dossier should be pursued by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), he said that if the case remains on the agenda of the UN nuclear watchdog, Iran is prepared to consider the Additional Protocol. "A country determined to access nuclear weapons, will neither sign the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), nor cooperate with the IAEA," he added. Larijani referred to the cancelled Iran-Europe agreements on the nuclear issue and said, "The West left no option for Iran but enrichment while we were prepared to proceed step by step." 2326/1412 ***************************************************************** 10 IRNA: Rafsanjani deplores performance of UN nuclear agency on Iran (Recasting to correct verb concerning technical aspects) April 25, IRNA -- Chairman of Expediency Council Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani said on Tuesday that International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have failed to focus on technical aspects of Iranian nuclear program and such an approach, if continued, would harm the other member states of the agency. "The agency failed to keep the matter on the right track." Rafsanjani dismissed US allegation that Iran has covert nuclear program and said that Iranian nuclear program is transparent and in conformity with Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). "Since the victory of the Islamic Revolution, Iran has adopted transparency on nuclear program and met all requirements of NPT. "We decided not to hide anything and proved our goodwill to UN nuclear agency," Rafsanjani said. He said that Russia could not fulfill its promise and now Bushehr power plant is going to be completed with a five year delay and at the same time, Russia says that it would not supply fuel for the time being. He complained that IAEA sometimes provided enemies of Iran with pretext to orchestrate scenarios against Iranian nuclear program. Rafsanjani said that the UN nuclear agency dealt with Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) which admitted trying to produce bomb, with leniency, but, issues anti-Iran resolution while Iranian nuclear program is only civilian. He criticized the halt to nuclear activities for the past two years for confidence building and said that Iran should have continued with research studies in the past two years too. ***************************************************************** 11 IRNA: Iran not insisting on completely home-made N-fuel - Larijani - Tehran, April 25, IRNA Iran-Nuclear-Larijani Iran's senior national security official here Tuesday said Tehran is not insisting on producing all its required nuclear fuel by itself. Ali Larijani, secretary of the Supreme National Security Council (SNSC), however, added the country never allows its production independence to be endangered. Iran's chief nuclear negotiator, who addressed an international conference dubbed "Iran's Nuclear Energy Program: Policies and Prospects", noted there is no international rule on supply of fuel required by nuclear power plants. US President George Bush has vowed to establish a "fuel bank", recalled the official, adding the proposal lacks international support and that Iran will have no alternative but to demand for fuel if it accepts such a proposal. Wondering about recent remarks of US and European officials that Iran enjoys rich oil and gas reserves and does not require nuclear energy, Larijani pointed to two documents signed in the pre-Revolution era that contradict the West's claim. Tehran and Washington inked a document during the Shah's rule on establishment of power plants for generation of 20,000 megawatts of electricity in Iran, the ranking official said. Larijani also referred to a 1974 Iran-France agreement on construction of power plants and generation of 6,000 megawatts of electricity in Iran. Article 4 of the Tehran-Paris pact says the (uranium) enrichment work, a part of nuclear fuel production process, is done on Iranian soil, he added. Iran's oil and gas reserves at the time the contracts were signed -- more than 30 years ago -- exceeded today's reserves, noted Larijani, raising the question "Why do Americans and Europeans now claim that Iran requires no nuclear energy?" "Before the victory of the (Islamic) Revolution, Europe stored 1,600 tons of yellow cake and 60 tons of UF6 that belonged to Iran," said the SNSC secretary, adding, "Europeans refused to deliver the mentioned yellow cake and UF6 after the Revolution. "So the Westerners' disloyalty forced Iran to think of fuel production. Now they may give guarantees that Iran's fuel need will be met, but we cannot trust them because their behavior changed in the post-Revolution era." ***************************************************************** 12 IRNA: Iran nuclear case complicated but negotiable: official Tehran, April 25, IRNA Iran-Moussavian-Nuclear An Iranian official said here Tuesday that although the situation of Iran nuclear case has become even more complicated during the past few months and given that the case has been reported to the UN Security Council, a negotiated solution is still possible. Deputy head of the Strategic Research Center affiliated to the Expediency Council (EC), Hossein Moussavian made the remark while addressing an international conference dubbed `Iran's Nuclear Energy Program: Policies and Prospects'. Moussavian, who was a member of Iran's former negotiating team, presented his proposal consisting of ten key factors and said, "In light of the existing experience in this issue, I believe that if a fair, rational, legal and peaceful solution is to be found, these factors should be taken into account. "The nuclear issue has turned into a national issue and all political factions, groups, parties and individual figures with entirely different political views are unanimous in asserting the Iran's right to fuel cycle. "The nuclear issue has become a matter of national pride in Iran. Therefore, no solution can ignore this fact and disregard the right to indigenous peaceful nuclear technology." He added, "The West's handling of Iran's nuclear issue should not leave the Iranian people with an overwhelming feeling of being discriminated against and a feeling that the West seeks to deprive Iran of its inalienable right to development and advanced technology. "Lack of confidence between Iran and the West is not limited to the nuclear issue. Resolving this issue is also not tantamount to resolving all differences between Iran and the West. "However, reaching a negotiated solution on the nuclear issue is bound to facilitate and expedite efforts to find solutions to other disagreements between Iran and the West." Moussavian added, "Iran's nuclear issue has been blown out of proportion and politicized internationally, making it all the more complicated and difficult to find a negotiated solution. "It is necessary to reconsider this over-exaggeration to facilitate finding a solution to the issue." He said that Iran's right under the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) should not be denied, adding, "Iran should be assured of the non-discriminatory exercise of its legal and inalienable right to the fuel cycle under the NPT. Nothing beyond the NPT should be imposed on Iran. He said the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) can help resolve Iran's issue by developing an Iran-specific formula to provide assurance to others concerned about non-diversion of Iranian nuclear program. The official stressed the importance of other countries participating in the enrichment activities in Iran in order to promote regional confidence in all spheres. Based on an agreement reached between former secretary of Supreme National Security Council (SNSC), Hassan Rowhani, and South African President Thabo Mbeki in August 2005, it was agreed that Iran would export its products at Isfahan's Uranium Conversion Facility to and import yellowcake from South Africa, he noted. "In this context, the UCF project could be part of Iran's proposal concerning international consortium for enrichment and fuel production," he said. Moussavian added, "Measures such as the IAEA's provision of assurance about Iran's compliance with the NPT, and full and transparent cooperation of Iran with the agency are the real and objective measures to promote international confidence in Iran's nuclear program." He pointed to future talks between Iran and the United States on Iraq, saying, "This opportunity should be utilized in good faith and a timely manner in order to de-escalate tension in Tehran-Washington relations and thereby allow for a calmer atmosphere in which a politically negotiated solution to Iran's nuclear issue would become accessible." The official further stated, "Given these key factors, the three working groups of political-security, technological, and nuclear cooperation, envisioned in Paris Agreement, could resume their work and improve upon and finalize all areas of cooperation previously discussed within a three-month period at most." He expressed hope under such circumstances, the November 2004 resolution of the IAEA Board of Governors should stand again and Iran's nuclear file be removed from the agenda of the Security Council. ***************************************************************** 13 Guardian Unlimited: Rice Gets No Backing From Greece on Iran From the Associated Press [UP] Tuesday April 25, 2006 3:16 PM AP Photo XTS105 By ANNE GEARAN AP Diplomatic Writer ANKARA, Turkey (AP) - Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice dismissed new threats from Iran over the future of its disputed nuclear program on Tuesday, but won no public pledge of support from ally Greece for punitive sanctions against Tehran. Iran's top nuclear negotiator, Ali Larijani, said Tuesday that Iran will withdraw its cooperation from the United Nations nuclear watchdog agency if faced with U.N. sanctions and will be forced to hide its nuclear program if the West takes ``harsh measures'' against it. The statements were Iran's strongest statement of defiance yet before a Friday deadline the Security Council has given the country to stop all uranium enrichment. ``What Iran's statements do is further Iran's isolation from the international community,'' Rice said, adding that the Iranian people ``deserve better then they are currently seeing from their government.'' Rice, who spoke in Athens before traveling to Turkey, said the next step in the international effort to counter Iranian nuclear ambitions is not certain. The United States and European allies are expected to press for binding measures when the U.N. Security Council begins the next round of its review of the Iranian case as soon as next week. Although Rice has recently raised the likelihood of pressing for sanctions, she did not go that far Tuesday when taking questions following a meeting with her Greek counterpart. Greek Foreign Minister Dora Bakoyannis said Greece opposes any nuclear weapons development by Iran, but she was guarded when she was asked whether Greece would support sanctions. Greece is a temporary member of the Security Council but cannot cast a veto. ``The position of Greece is that the international community should achieve a peaceful settlement of this matter,'' Bakoyannis said. She said ``there must be coordination within the European Union, and decisions will be taken within the framework of the Security Council. We are in the middle of a diplomatic effort, which still has tools at its disposal that allow it to be effective.'' As anti-American riots raged near her ministry, Bakoyannis said Iran had to provide ``sufficient assurances'' that it would not pursue a military nuclear program. Asked about any possibility of U.S. military action to deter Iran, Rice repeated the standard White House reply. ``The United States president doesn't take any options off the table, but we are on a diplomatic agenda here,'' she said. Bakoyannis and Rice also denied they had discussed the possible use by the United States of a large military base on the Greek island of Crete. ``The agenda is to reinforce our diplomatic efforts,'' Rice said. ``I most certainly did not raise facilities for anything, because that is not on the agenda.'' Rice also met briefly with Greek Prime Minister Costas Caramanlis. Riot squads fired tear gas Tuesday at masked youths hurling gasoline bombs and rocks after they tried to break through a police cordon to reach the building where Rice was meeting with Bakoyannis. The youths set fire to at least one delivery van and smashed many store fronts in one of Athens' premier shopping areas as they were chased by police away from central Syntagma Square. The violence and more than a dozen tear gas canisters fired by police led to the breakup of a demonstration by about 3,000 people who had gathered in two separate rallies. One had been organized by the Communist Party and another by anti-globalization activists. Police had warned protesters not to try to march into the square. ``Condoleezza killer go home, hands off Iran,'' read one banner at the Communist gathering, attended by more than 2,000 people. Speakers condemned the United States on issues ranging from the embargo on Cuba to NATO's 1999 bombing of Serbia. It was the first official trip by a U.S. secretary of state to Greece in 20 years. In March 1986, Secretary of State George Schultz's visit coincided with a terrorist bombing. Greece is considered a hotbed of anti-Americanism in Europe and protests caused former Secretary of State Colin Powell to cancel two planned visits - one in late 2003 and another during the Athens Olympics in 2004. Threatened protests also forced former President Clinton to shorten a 1999 visit, which was marred by clashes between police and anti-globalization activists. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2006 ***************************************************************** 14 Guardian Unlimited: Rice Dismisses New Threats From Iran From the Associated Press [UP] Tuesday April 25, 2006 12:31 PM AP Photo XTS105 By ANNE GEARAN AP Diplomatic Writer ATHENS, Greece (AP) - Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice dismissed new threats from Iran over the future of its disputed nuclear program on Tuesday, but won no public pledge of support from ally Greece for punitive sanctions against Tehran. Iran's top nuclear negotiator said Tuesday that Iran will withdraw its cooperation from the United Nations nuclear watchdog agency if faced with U.N. sanctions and will be forced to hide its nuclear program if the West takes ``harsh measures'' against it. Ali Larijani also said Tehran may go further and hide its nuclear program if the West takes any other ``harsh measures.'' The statements were Iran's strongest statement of defiance yet before a Friday deadline the Security Council has given the country to stop all uranium enrichment. ``What Iran's statements do is further Iran's isolation from the international community,'' Rice said, adding that the Iranian people ``deserve better then they are currently seeing from their government.'' Rice said the next step in the international effort to counter Iranian nuclear ambitions is not certain. The United States and European allies are expected to press for binding measures when the U.N. Security Council begins the next round of its review of the Iranian case as soon as next week. Although Rice has recently raised the likelihood of pressing for sanctions, she did not go that far Tuesday when taking questions following a meeting with her Greek counterpart. Greek Foreign Minister Dora Bakoyannis said Greece opposes any nuclear weapons development by Iran, but she was guarded when she was asked whether Greece would support sanctions. ``The position of Greece is that the international community should achieve a peaceful settlement of this matter,'' Bakoyannis said. Asked about any possibility of U.S. military action to deter Iran, Rice repeated the standard White House reply. ``The United States president doesn't take any options off the table, but we are on a diplomatic agenda here,'' she said. Rice also met briefly with Greek Prime Minister Costas Caramanlis. Riot squads fired tear gas Tuesday at masked youths hurling gasoline bombs and rocks after they tried to break through a police cordon to reach the building where Rice was meeting with Bakoyannis. The youths set fire to at least one delivery van and smashed many store fronts in one of Athens' premier shopping areas as they were chased by police away from central Syntagma Square. The violence and more than a dozen tear gas canisters fired by police led to the breakup of a demonstration by about 3,000 people who had gathered in two separate rallies. One had been organized by the Communist Party and another by anti-globalization activists. Police had warned protesters not to try to march into the square. ``Condoleezza killer go home, hands off Iran,'' read one banner at the Communist gathering, attended by more than 2,000 people. Speakers condemned the United States on issues ranging from the embargo on Cuba to NATO's 1999 bombing of Serbia. At the anti-globalization rally, a few hundred protesters demonstrated against U.S. policy against Iran. ``I am here to say no to the war against Iraq, against Iran and all the countries which disagree with American policies. Maybe there are many terrorists, but the people are innocent,'' said protester Chris Vagenis. It was the first official trip by a U.S. secretary of state to Greece in 20 years. In March 1986, Secretary of State George Schultz's visit coincided with a terrorist bombing. Greece is considered a hotbed of anti-Americanism in Europe and protests caused former Secretary of State Colin Powell to cancel two planned visits - one in late 2003 and another during the Athens Olympics in 2004. Threatened protests also forced former President Clinton to shorten a 1999 visit, which was marred by clashes between police and anti-globalization activists. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2006 ***************************************************************** 15 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Threatens to Hide Nuclear Program From the Associated Press [UP] Tuesday April 25, 2006 10:31 PM AP Photo VAH107 By ALI AKBAR DAREINI Associated Press Writer TEHRAN, Iran (AP) - Iran ratcheted up its defiance ahead of a U.N. Security Council deadline to suspend uranium enrichment, threatening Tuesday to hide its program if the West takes ``harsh measures'' and to transfer nuclear technology to chaos-ridden Sudan. Ali Larijani, the top Iranian nuclear negotiator, also renewed a vow to end cooperation with the U.N. nuclear watchdog agency and said increasing pressure on Iran would only stiffen its resolve. ``If you take harsh measures, we will hide this program. If you use the language of force, you should not expect us to act transparently,'' Larijani said, adding that Western nations ``have to understand they cannot resolve this issue through force.'' Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice fired back almost immediately, saying, ``Iranians can threaten, but they are deepening their own isolation.'' Top leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei made the offer to transfer nuclear technology at a meeting Tuesday with Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir. ``Iran's nuclear capability is one example of various scientific capabilities in the country. ... The Islamic Republic of Iran is prepared to transfer the experience, knowledge and technology of its scientists,'' Khamenei told al-Bashir. Al-Bashir said last month that his impoverished, violence-ridden country was considering a nuclear program to generate electricity. Such a technology transfer would be legal as long as it is between signatory states to the nuclear nonproliferation treaty, and the International Atomic Energy Agency is informed. We ``have to be concerned when there are statements from Iran that Iran would not only have this technology, but would share it, share technology and expertise,'' Rice told reporters during a visit to Ankara, Turkey. Russia, meanwhile, launched a satellite Tuesday for Israel that the Israelis say will be used to spy on Iran's nuclear program. The satellite is designed to spot small images on the ground and would allow Israel to monitor Iran's nuclear program and long-range missiles, an Israel defense official said. With the U.N. deadline approaching Friday, Iran has become more defiant almost daily. ``If U.N. Security Council sanctions are to be imposed on Iran, we will definitely suspend our cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency,'' Larijani said, echoing the words of hard-line President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad a day earlier. Iran's stance appeared to stem in part from opposition to sanctions by Russia and China, both veto-holding members of the Security Council. ``We see no alternative to the negotiations process,'' Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov said. And Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang urged all parties ``to show flexibility.'' The United States has not openly threatened military action and says it wants a diplomatic solution. But President Bush has said all options, including military force, remain on the table. Britain also warned Iran against miscalculating. ``The Iranians, in my judgment, would miscalculate if they believed Russia or China would block appropriate and effective sanctions, which targeted the regime, not the ordinary population,'' Foreign Secretary Jack Straw said. Iran's tough talk appeared to be the strongest public show so far ahead of the Security Council deadline to suspend uranium enrichment, a process that can produce fuel for nuclear reactors or for warheads. On Monday, Ahmadinejad boldly predicted the council would not impose sanctions and warned Iran was considering dropping out of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. Larijani emphasized that stance Tuesday, saying Iran would ignore the demand. ``If you take the first step wrong, the wrong trend will continue. We welcome any logical proposal to resolve the issue. They just need to say why should we suspend,'' he said. The IAEA said it would not issue any public statements ahead of director Mohamed ElBaradei's report to the Security Council and the agency's board, expected by week's end. The United States and European allies are expected to press for binding measures against Iran when the Security Council begins the next round of review of the Iranian case. Although Rice has raised the likelihood of pressing for sanctions, she did not go that far Tuesday, saying only that the Security Council must issue something more concrete than last month's ``presidential statement,'' which gave Iran 30 days to comply. Larijani said sanctions might force Iran to speed up its nuclear programs. ``You can't set a framework through coercion. If you try to do it by force, our response will be to break such a framework,'' he said. The United States, Britain and France suspect Iran is seeking to make nuclear weapons. Iran denies that, saying its nuclear program is intended to generate electricity. Western concerns have built since 2002 when Iran was found to have secretly operated large-scale nuclear activities for two decades. The IAEA says it has since found no direct evidence of an arms program, but the Iranians have not been fully forthcoming. After repeated attempts at negotiations, the IAEA reported Iran to the Security Council for noncompliance. The council then gave Iran until Friday to suspend enrichment. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2006 ***************************************************************** 16 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Ready to Transfer Nuclear Know-How From the Associated Press [UP] Tuesday April 25, 2006 1:01 PM AP Photo VAH112 TEHRAN, Iran (AP) - Iran's top leader said Tuesday that Tehran is ready to transfer its nuclear technology to other countries. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei made the comments in a meeting with visiting Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir, who said last month that his impoverished, wartorn country was considering trying to create a nuclear program to generate electrical power. ``Iran's nuclear capability is one example of various scientific capabilities in the country. ... The Islamic Republic of Iran is prepared to transfer the experience, knowledge and technology of its scientists,'' Khamenei told al-Bashir at their meeting. Al-Bashir congratulated Iran for its success in producing enriched uranium for the first time, saying the achievement was a ``great success for the world of Islam.'' Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2006 ***************************************************************** 17 Guardian Unlimited: Blair warns over Iran threat From Press Association [UP] Press Association Tuesday April 25, 2006 12:48 PM Downing Street has urged the world to take the threat posed by Iran "very seriously", as the United Nations deadline for it to cease uranium enrichment looms. The comments by Prime Minister Tony Blair's official spokesman came after Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad again appeared to threaten Israel, calling it a "fake regime" which should not exist. Mr Blair's spokesman said: "I think everybody should read the Iranian President's comments, because once again it underlines that we have to take the situation very seriously." The spokesman continued: "These are not actually remarks made by somebody without power, these are remarks repeatedly made now by the Iranian President. "We all have to take very seriously the issues which are now before the UN and therefore take forward this issue with due seriousness." Iran has until Friday to comply with the UN demand to stop uranium enrichment. © Copyright Press Association Ltd 2006, All Rights Reserved. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2006 ***************************************************************** 18 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Threatens to Hide Its Nuclear Program From the Associated Press [UP] Tuesday April 25, 2006 12:01 PM AP Photo VAH102 By ALI AKBAR DAREINI Associated Press Writer TEHRAN, Iran (AP) - Iran's top nuclear negotiator said Tuesday that Tehran would halt all cooperation with the U.N. nuclear watchdog if the Security Council imposes sanctions against it, and warned it might go further and hide its nuclear program if the West takes any other ``harsh measures.'' The statements by Ali Larijani were Iran's strongest statement of defiance yet before a Friday deadline the Security Council has given the country to stop all uranium enrichment. They came a day after Iran's president boldly predicted thend our program,'' Larijani said Tuesday, speaking at a conference on the energy program. ``If you take harsh measures, we will hide this program. If you use the language of force, you should not expect us to act transparently.'' He also said flatly that Iran would not abide by the Friday deadline to suspend uranium enrichment. ``If you take the first step wrong, the wrong trend will continue. We welcome any logical proposal to resolve the issue. They just need to say why should we suspend,'' Larijani said. Iran's former President, Hashemi Rafsanjani, speaking at the same conference, claimed that Iran openly launched its nuclear program - which it insists is for peaceful energy purposes only - ``but the behavior of Western countries forced it to carry out its nuclear program independently, based on local expertise and knowledge without relying on Western countries.'' The International Atomic Energy Agency's chief spokesman, Marc Vidricaire, said Tuesday it would not comment on Iran's threat to scuttle all cooperation if sanctions are imposed. He said the IAEA planned no public statements ahead of agency head Mohamed ElBaradei's report to the Security Council and the agency's 35-nation board of governors, expected by the end of this week. The United States, Britain and France maintain that Iran actually wants enriched uranium for atomic bombs, which would violate its commitments under the treaty. Iran denies the charge, but Washington is pressing fellow members of the Security Council to impose economic sanctions. Meanwhile, an Israeli defense official said Israel was launching a satellite to spy on Iran's program, as Iran's leader persisted with his calls for the Jewish state's destruction. Israel planned to launch from Siberia later Tuesday its Eros B satellite, designed to spot images on the ground as small as 27 inches, the defense official said. That level of resolution would allow Israel to gather information on Iran's nuclear program and its long-range missiles, which are capable of striking Israel, he said, speaking on condition of anonymity because of the sensitive subject matter. On Monday, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad called Israel a ``fake regime'' that ``cannot logically continue to live.'' Last year, he called the Nazi Holocaust a ``myth'' and declared that Israel should be ``wiped off the map.'' Ahmadinejad's government insists the nonproliferation treaty gives Iran the right to enrich uranium for fueling civilian nuclear power plants, and he has given no ground in the international faceoff. The fiery hardline president said Monday he was reconsidering Iran's adherence to the treaty, which is aimed at stopping the spread of atomic weapons while allowing peaceful uses of nuclear energy. ``What has more than 30 years of membership in the agency given us?'' he asked at a news conference, only the second since he took office last year at which foreign journalists have been allowed to ask questions. As a member of the IAEA, Iran is obliged to honor the agency's basic nuclear safeguards agreement. However, that agreement is limited to select declared atomic facilities and programs. It is not the first time Iran has threatened to curb cooperation: Several months ago, Tehran announced it would not honor the U.N. nuclear watchdog's so-called ``additional protocol,'' which gave the IAEA increased and more thorough inspection powers. Suspicions about Iran's intentions have grown since it was discovered in 2002 that Tehran had for two decades secretly operated large-scale nuclear activities that could be used in weapons making. The IAEA says it has since found no direct evidence of an arms program, but it also says the Iranians have not been fully forthcoming in answering questions about their nuclear activities. After repeated attempts to resolve the issue through negotiations, the IAEA reported Iran to the Security Council for noncompliance. Iran deepened international concerns by announcing April 11 that it had for the first time enriched uranium with 164 centrifuges - a step toward large-scale production of nuclear fuel. The United States and others are urging the Security Council to take a tougher stance by imposing a mandatory order for Iran to halt enrichment, a move that would raise the threat of sanctions. Russian and China, which are among the five permanent members that can veto council actions, have opposed that approach, saying diplomacy has not run its course. Ahmadinejad appears to be banking on their support to dissuade Washington from pressing a sanctions vote. --- Associated Press Writer George Jahn contributed to this report from Vienna, Austria. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2006 ***************************************************************** 19 BBC: Iran threatens to end UN contacts Last Updated: Tuesday, 25 April 2006 [Iran's chief nuclear negotiator, Ali Larijani] Larijani's comments come ahead of a UN deadline on Iran's activities Iran's chief nuclear negotiator, Ali Larijani, has said his country will suspend contacts with the UN's nuclear watchdog if sanctions are imposed. He also said Iran would "hide" its nuclear programme if it was attacked. US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said Iran's threats further isolated it from the international community. The Security Council has set a deadline of 28 April for a freeze in uranium enrichment, the focus of concerns that Iran could acquire nuclear weapons. Iranians can threaten but th are deepening their own isolation Condoleezza Rice The US is trying to rally support from the Security Council for tougher action against Iran, including sanctions - a move currently being resisted by Russia and China. Speaking after a meeting with the Greek foreign minister during an official one-day visit, Ms Rice said Iran's threats were "emblematic of the kind of Iranian behaviour seen over the past couple of years". Ms Rice said the international community was not prepared to allow Iran "under cover of a civil nuclear programme to acquire the technologies that could lead to a nuclear weapon". Ms Rice said the Security Council must now issue something more concrete than last month's "presidential statement", which gave Iran 30 days to comply with International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) directives. 'Force not solution' "Military action against Iran will not lead to the closure of the programme. If you take harsh measures, we will hide this programme. Then you cannot solve the nuclear issue," Mr Larijani warned. "They [the Western countries on the IAEA board] have to understand they cannot resolve this issue through force," Mr Larijani told a conference on Iran's controversial nuclear energy programme in Tehran. At the same conference, former President Hashemi Rafsanjani said Tehran had no intention of diverting nuclear material for a military programme at the moment. The BBC's Frances Harrison in Tehran says the implication of his comments is that this might be possible in the future. Our correspondent adds that Mr Rafsanjani is still a key power broker in the Iranian administration. Both men said they were keen on negotiations to reassure the West that Iran's programme is peaceful, but not negotiations to stop Iran having a nuclear programme altogether. Iran insists its nuclear programme is for civilian energy purposes only. The US and several other nations say they do not believe this. The IAEA says there is so far no proof that Iran is seeking nuclear weapons - but it talks of an "absence of confidence that Iran's nuclear programme is exclusively peaceful", and of a "policy of concealment" pursued by Tehran. ***************************************************************** 20 Platts: Iran says going nuclear will free up crude for export Doha (Platts)--24Apr2006 Iranian oil minister Kazem Vaziri Hamaneh said Monday that advancing Iran's nuclear program would eventually help oil markets because it would free up crude oil for export after US Energy Secretary Samuel Bodman's advised against doing business with Iran to force it to end its nuclear ambitions. Asked by reporters if developing nuclear power would help the market, Vaziri Hamaneh replied: "Definitely that is the case because this will save oil and gas that we are consuming and that would be available for the international markets and that's one of the ideas for going for the nuclear energy." "I think this is his [Bodman's] views but the truth is that the investment in Iran is doing very well and it is for the oil and gas and we have no concerns," Vaziri Hamaneh said on the sidelines of the 10th International Energy Forum, a biannual talking shop for oil producers and consumers. The US and its allies are accusing Tehran of pursuing a clandestine nuclear enrichment program to develop a nuclear arsenal, a charge the Islamic Republic denies. OPEC number two Iran, which is desperately trying to raise its crude oil production capacity and develop its massive gas reserves, second only to Russia, has argued that it needs nuclear power to boost crude exports and meet rising world demand, thereby easing consumer fears over energy security, a key theme at the Doha conference. But the US, which imposed sanctions in 1996 against Iran and Libya -- sanctions against Tripoli were dropped in 2004 -- has made public its displeasure at energy deals involving Iran, in particular a gas pipeline deal to India through Pakistan, a Japanese agreement to develop the 26 billion barrel Azadegan oil field and an LNG and oilfield development project with China. Iran, which puts current production at its OPEC quota of 4.11-million b/d -- which is close to its maximum capacity -- has been somewhat shackled in its efforts to raise production capacity to over 5 million b/d by 2010 and to 8 million b/d by 2015 partly by the US sanctions, which has kept out US majors and the likes of BP. Another deterrent has been the buyback formula used by Iran to bypass a constitutional ban on production-sharing, the terms of which are currently being amended to help along stalled projects like the Yadavaran and Azadegan oilfield development projects with Japan and China. Iran's Vaziri Hamaneh denied in Doha that foreign investment flows into the energy sector were slowing down because of US pressure on potential investors and he blamed US foreign policy for high oil prices as well as on speculators he said were "inflaming" oil markets. Vaziri Hamaneh, who met with the Japanese, Indian and Pakistani ministers on the sidelines of the Doha conference, said Tehran was pressing ahead with its energy development projects. "I think next week, we're going to send a delegation to China to discuss the Yadavaran field and also the LNG project. We are preparing the initial stage of preparing the contract but the contract is not yet signed. But we are preparing the stages for the signing," he said. The agreement, worth $100-billion includes a 25-year LNG export agreement. The agreement would also grant a 51% share in the development of Iran's onshore Yadavaran oilfield to China Petroleum and Chemical Corp (Sinopec), which would receive 150,000 b/d of the field's crude oil for the same period. Chinese energy demand growth as well as its position as a permanent member of the UN Security Council has made the success of the mega oil and gas deal increasingly important for Tehran, which faces the prospect of possible UN punitive action over its nuclear program. Vaziri Hamaneh also said that he met Japanese energy minister Toshihiri Nikai in Doha to try to push forward the Azadegan oil field development Tehran has been negotiating with a Japanese consortium. "I just talked to the minister of energy and he emphasized that it is one of the most important energy projects they have," Vaziri Hamaneh said, adding that a Japanese delegation was in Tehran on Monday "negotiating, finalizing some of the points." He added: "We have the written commitment and their willingness from their side they would like to pursue this project." A Japanese government official March 23 denied a report that the US had informally asked Japan to delay the development of Azadegan by Japan's Inpex. Japan has stressed the importance of the $2 billion project to Japan, which is wholly dependent on imported crude to meet its oil needs. Another project that appears to have been propelled forward by the presence of key ministers at the Doha talks was the proposed gas pipeline from Iran to India through Pakistan. "We had a meeting with our counterparts from Iran and Pakistan the day before yesterday. We are willing to have this project and we are also willing to do this project together and we are hopeful this will be done. We are not concerned," Vaziri Hamaneh said. "They (India and Pakistan) are interested and we are willing so all parties are willing to do it so we have no concerns," he said. Pakistani oil minister Amanullah Khan Jadoon said Sunday that he hoped to sign an agreement with Iran and India in Jund for a $7-billion gas pipeline to carry Iranian gas to both countries. For more information, take a trial to Platts Oilgram News at http://oilgramnews.platts.com. Copyright © 2006 - Platts, All Rights Reserved [The McGraw-Hill Companies] ***************************************************************** 21 IRNA: Iran to suspend cooperation with IAEA if sanctions are imposed - Larijani - April 25, IRNA -- Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) Ali Larijani said here Tuesday that Iran could suspend its cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) if the UN Security Council imposes sanctions on the country. Larijani's remarks were part of an address he delivered before the international conference dubbed `Iran's Nuclear Energy Program: Policies and Prospects' which kicked off here Tuesday morning. "Iran will start covert (nuclear) activities if a military attack is launched on its nuclear facilities while these are currently under IAEA supervision. "Iran cannot be prevented from conducting nuclear activities through violent measures," he said. "The Islamic Republic of Iran is ready to conduct its nuclear activities transparently and is willing to hold talks in this field," the SNSC secretary added. ***************************************************************** 22 AFP: India urges against confrontation with Iran Tue Apr 25, 6:08 AM ET NEW DELHI (AFP) - India cautioned against confronting Iran" /> or using force to halt its disputed nuclear programme as that would heighten tension in the oil-rich region. "Confrontation or the threat or use of force can only exacerbate tensions in a region which is of vital importance to India, and must therefore be avoided at all costs," the foreign ministry said in a statement on Tuesday. The Indian statement came ahead of Friday's deadline set by the UN Security Council for Iran to freeze sensitive uranium enrichment work. "We have repeatedly declared that issues relating to Irans nuclear programme should be resolved through dialogue. "Iran has the right to develop nuclear energy for peaceful purpose, but this must be consistent with its international commitments and obligations," to the nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT), the Indian statement said. Iran insists its programme, particularly uranium enrichment which can be used to fuel reactors or make weapons, is peaceful while countries led by the United States say it is a cover for a weapons programme. While UN Security Council permanent members the United States, Britain and France have urged tough measures to force Iran to halt its nuclear programme, the other two members, Russia and China, favour a softer approach. Tehran on Tuesday said it would halt relations with the UN atomic watchdog if sanctions were imposed because of its suspect nuclear drive and vowed a military attack would merely send its activities underground. The Islamic regime's national security chief Ali Larijani also refused to rule out using oil as a weapon in the worsening international stand off, warning of "important consequences" for energy supplies if Iran was subjected to "radical measures". India, which voted twice in favour of referring Iran to the UN Security Council over its nuclear program, has repeatedly urged the international community to avoid a confrontation. Copyright © 2006 Agence France Presse. All rights reserved. The ***************************************************************** 23 AFP: US 'concerned' over Iran sharing nuclear technology Tue Apr 25, 3:03 PM ET ANKARA (AFP) - US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice" /> Condoleezza Ricesaid she was "concerned" at Iran" /> Iran's readiness to share its nuclear technology with other countries and urged the Islamic Republic to abide by international demands for a diplomatic resolution of the conflict. "We ... have to be concerned when there are statements from Iran, as there were apparently today, that Iran would not only have this technology but also would share its technology and expertise," Rice told reporters here after talks with her Turkish counterpart, Abdullah Gul. She was referring to comments by Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei that Tehran was ready to transfer its nuclear technology. Rice renewed calls on Iran to abide by its international obligations and said both Russia and European Union" /> European Unioncountries had made proposals to Iran that would provide it with civilian nuclear power. "This is about not allowing Iran to get the expertise and the technology to build a nuclear weapon, which Iranian leaders from time to time say they would gladly transfer to others," Rice said. Iran insists its nuclear programme is strictly peaceful but the United States and the EU suspect it is using the development of nuclear power as a cover for developing nuclear weapons. The United Nations" /> United NationsSecurity Council has given Tehran until Friday to freeze uranium enrichment work as a "confidence-building measure" but the country's hardline leaders have refused to comply. Rice, who was greeted by anti-US demonstrations on her arrival here from Athens, said she had also discussed with Gul the problem of separatist Kurdish rebels using bases in northern Iraq" /> Iraqto launch attacks on Turkey. She urged Ankara to refrain from unilateral action against the rebels and called for renewed cooperation between Washington, Baghdad and Ankara to implement measures against the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), once the new Iraqi government takes office. "We agreed that we all have interests in making certain that the borders of Iraq are as secure as possible ... to make sure that Iraqi soil cannot be used as a base for terrorism," Rice said. "We share information and we will continue to be active in the future in helping with the PKK. But of course we want that anything we do contributes to the stability in Iraq and not threaten the stability or make a difficult situation worse," Rice said. "That is why a cooperative approach is very important." Gul said Ankara expected the US-led coalition forces in Iraq and the Baghdad administration to do more to eliminate the PKK, considered a terrorist organisation by both Ankara and Washington. "Because of the power vacuum in Iraq, the members of the terrorist organisation have virtually turned the north of the country into a training camp and thousands of militants are able to move around freely," Gul said. The Turkish army has recently increased troop numbers in areas bordering Iraq and Iran to intensify operations against rebels. Ankara says the rebels have been infiltrating southeast Turkey in growing numbers since the start of spring to engage in violent action on Turkish territory. The government says an estimated 5,000 PKK rebels have found refuge in northern Iraq since 1999, when the group proclaimed a unilateral ceasefire and withdrew from Turkish soil following the arrest of its leader, Abdullah Ocalan. Ankara has repeatedly urged the United States to crack down on PKK bases in northern Iraq but Washington says its troops are swamped by violence in other parts of the country. The issue has become increasingly important for Turkey because of escalating clashes between the PKK and the army in the southeast and a series of bomb attacks around the country that have been blamed on the group. Gul and Rice agreed to draw up a document setting the basis for stronger cooperation between the two NATO" /> NATOallies. Ties between them were seriously damaged by the Turkish parliament's refusal in 2003 to allow US troops to use Turkish territory to invade Iraq from the north. Copyright © 2006 Agence France Presse. All rights reserved. The ***************************************************************** 24 AFP: US envoy says Iran nuclear comments 'irresponsible' Tue Apr 25, 5:55 PM ET UNITED NATIONS (AFP) - US Ambassador John Bolton slammed as "irresponsible" Iran" /> Iran's assertion that it was ready to share nuclear technology with other countries. Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, while meeting Sudanese President Omar al-Beshir, said Tuesday that the Islamic republic was ready to share nuclear technology with other countries, Sudanese state media reported. "It shows how irresponsible Iran is and why it represents, in our view, a grave threat of proliferation," Bolton told reporters. "This is exactly the kind of conduct we have feared, exactly the kind of conduct that risks the spread of nuclear technology and ultimately the spread of nuclear weapons." The US envoy to the United Nations" /> United Nationssaid this was "precisely the reason why the government of Iran constitutes a threat to international peace and security and should be here for action by the Security Council." Iran insists its nuclear program is strictly peaceful, but is widely suspected of using an atomic energy drive as a cover for weapons development. The UN Security Council has given Tehran until Friday to freeze uranium enrichment work as a "confidence building measure" demanded by the International Atomic Energy Agency" /> International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA), but the country's hardline leaders have refused to comply. Bolton said he expected the Security Council's five veto-wielding permanent members -- Britain, China, France, Russia and the United States -- to meet this week "to see what the next step is." "We believe the next step is a Chapter 7 resolution making mandatory the existing IAEA resolutions (demanding an uranium enrichment freeze)," the US envoy said, making it clear that this would not be a sanctions resolution. Chapter 7 of the UN Charter, which is invoked in case of threats to international peace and security, can open the door to sanctions or even military action. Speaking in Ankara, US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice" /> Condoleezza Ricealso expressed concern at Iran's readiness share nuclear technology and urged the Islamic Republic to abide by international demands for a diplomatic resolution of the conflict. "We ... have to be concerned when there are statements from Iran, as there were apparently today, that Iran would not only have this technology but also would share its technology and expertise," Rice said. Copyright © 2006 Agence France Presse. All rights reserved. The ***************************************************************** 25 AFP: Iran threatens to hide nuclear programme Tue Apr 25, 5:49 AM ET TEHRAN (AFP) - Iran" /> Iransaid it will halt relations with the UN atomic watchdog if sanctions are imposed because of its suspect nuclear drive and vowed a military attack would merely send its activities underground. The Islamic regime's national security chief Ali Larijani also refused to rule out using oil as a weapon in the worsening international standoff, warning of "important consequences" for energy supplies if Iran was subjected to "radical measures". "If you decide to use sanctions against us, our relations with the agency will be suspended," Larijani said of the International Atomic Energy Agency" /> International Atomic Energy Agencyon Tuesday. The IAEA has been investigating Iran for more than three years, and any cut in ties would spell an end to international inspections and monitoring of nuclear facilities inside the Islamic republic. The warning, made at a conference on nuclear energy in Tehran, came ahead of Friday's deadline set by the UN Security Council for Iran to freeze ultra-sensitive uranium enrichment work. Iran says it only wants to enrich to make reactor fuel for power plants, but the process can be extended to make weapons. The country's refusal to comply with the Security Council demand -- as well as its promise to expand enrichment work to reach an industrial-scale capacity -- leaves it exposed to the danger of UN sanctions. The United States has also not ruled out military action. "Military action against Iran will not lead to the closure of the programme," Larijani said. "If you take harsh measures, we will hide this programme. Then you cannot solve the nuclear issue. "You may inflict a loss on us but you will lose also," he warned. Iran is the world's fourth largest crude producer and the second-biggest in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OPEC" /> OPEC). Tensions over the country's nuclear drive have already helped push crude prices to record highs. "Iran will not start a crisis," Larijani told reporters when asked if the country would use its vast oil reserves as a weapon in the dispute. "But if we are subjected to radical measures, that will automatically have important consequences for oil," he added. Larijani's barrage of threats came the day after hardline President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad also warned that Iran could quit the Non-Proliferation Treaty, but nonetheless confidently dismissed any threat of sanctions or even a US attack. At the United Nations" /> United Nationsin New York, US ambassador John Bolton said the Security Council was to consider a draft resolution that would legally require Iran to comply with demands that it freeze all uranium enrichment activities. "Our expectation would be that assuming no change of direction by Iran and there's no reason to think there will be a change of direction, we'll look at a 'Chapter 7' resolution to make mandatory all the existing IAEA resolutions," he said. Chapter 7 of the UN Charter, which is invoked in case of threats to international peace and security, can open the door to sanctions or even military action. Iran's war of words with Israel" /> Israelalso worsened, with the Jewish state's former premier Shimon Peres comparing Ahmadinejad to Adolf Hitler. "This is the first man since Hitler to stand up and say that the Jewish people must be exterminated," the Nobel peace prize winner said as the Jewish state observed a day of remembrance for victims of the Nazi genocide. Ahmadinejad, who has dismissed the Holocaust as a "myth", had on Monday asserted that the "fake" Jewish state "cannot survive" and called on immigrants to the country to go back to where they came from. China meanwhile insisted the nuclear issue could still be resolved through negotiations, and called on all sides to show flexibility. "We believe, in the current stage, there is still room to resolve this issue through negotiations," foreign ministry spokesman Qin Gang told reporters in Beijing. "We call on all parties to show flexibility and allow a proper resolution of this issue through dialogue and negotiations. The international community should not abandon its efforts for peaceful negotiations. And all moves should be helpful to achieving this objective." Copyright © 2006 Agence France Presse. All rights reserved. The ***************************************************************** 26 AFP: Iran threatens to halt relations with IAEA, hide programme if attacked - Tue Apr 25, 4:40 AM ET TEHRAN (AFP) - Top nuclear negotiator Ali Larijani said that Iran" /> Iranwill suspend its relations with the UN's atomic watchdog if sanctions are imposed and "hide" its nuclear programme if attacked. "If you decide to use sanctions against us, our relations with the agency will be suspended," Larijani said of the International Atomic Energy Agency" /> International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA). "Military action against Iran will not lead to the closure of the programme. If you take harsh measures, we will hide this programme. Then you cannot solve the nuclear issue," Larijani warned. "You may inflict a loss on us but you will lose also," he said. The warning, made at a conference on nuclear energy in Tehran, came ahead of Friday's deadline set by the UN Security Council for Iran to freeze ultra-sensitive uranium enrichment work. Iran has refused to do so, leaving it exposed to UN sanctions. Larijani also said Iran was expanding its uranium enrichment work. "The first phase was the (uranium) mines and the plant to make yellowcake. The second phase was uranium conversion at Isfahan, and the third phase was research and development at Natanz," Larijani said. "This work has been completed. A cascade has been put into use, and other cascades will be put into use," he added. Iran says it only wants to enrich to make reactor fuel for power plants, but the process can be extended to make weapons. The IAEA is the agency investigating Iran's programme, and any halt in relations with Iran would spell an end to international inspections and monitoring of Iran's nuclear facilities. After more than three years of investigations, the IAEA still says it is not in a position to confirm the true nature of the Islamic republic's nuclear programme. On Monday, hardline President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad warned that Iran could quit the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) if it felt it was being denied access to nuclear technology. In a related development China insisted Tuesday that the Iran nuclear issue could still be resolved through negotiations as it called on all sides to show flexibility in ending the escalating stand-off. "We believe, in the current stage, there is still room to resolve this issue through negotiations," foreign ministry spokesman Qin Gang told reporters at a regular briefing. "We call on all parties to show flexibility and allow a proper resolution of this issue through dialogue and negotiations. The international community should not abandon its efforts for peaceful negotiations. And all moves should be helpful to achieving this objective." Copyright © 2006 Agence France Presse. All rights reserved. The ***************************************************************** 27 Guardian Unlimited: N. Korea Won't Return to Six-Nation Talks From the Associated Press [UP] Tuesday April 25, 2006 3:46 AM AP Photo SEL807 By KWANG-TAE KIM Associated Press Writer SEOUL, South Korea (AP) - South Korea failed to persuade the North to return to stalled international disarmament talks, but both sides agreed Monday to move ahead on an agreement for the North to abandon its nuclear weapons programs. During the Cabinet-level meetings that began Friday in Pyongyang, Seoul had tried to coax the communist country back to the six-nation talks on its nuclear program. Those talks produced an agreement in September where the North said it would give up its nuclear program in exchange for security guarantees and aid. In their two-way talks Monday, the Koreas agreed only to ``continue to make efforts for the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.'' The two Koreas also agreed to cooperate in taking practical steps to guarantee peace and ease tension on the peninsula, according to a joint statement issued at end of the four-day talks. No details were given. Both sides made similar statements at their last round of inter-Korean talks in December. The forum is the highest-level regular dialogue between the North and South, who remain technically at war but have made strides toward reconciliation since their leaders' first and only summit, held in 2000. On Monday, South Korea also agreed to provide the North with 200,000 tons of fertilizer and said it would review giving another 100,000 tons. However, Seoul rejected the North's demand for 500,000 tons of rice aid. South Korea periodically sends rice and fertilizer to the North, which has relied on foreign handouts to feed its 23 million people since the 1990s. This year the South has already shipped 150,000 tons of fertilizer aid over the border. In 2005, it sent 350,000 tons of fertilizer and 500,000 tons of rice. The six-nation nuclear talks - which include China, Japan, Russia, the United States and the two Koreas - have been deadlocked since November over the North's refusal to attend, due to its anger over U.S. financial restrictions imposed over its alleged currency counterfeiting and other illicit financial activity. On Monday, North Korea renewed demands that the U.S. lift the sanctions. Washington says the sanctions are unrelated to the nuclear talks, and will stay in place. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2006 ***************************************************************** 28 Korea Herald: [EDITORIAL] Ex-leader's N.K. visit It looks like former President Kim Dae-jung will revisit Pyongyang in June, six years after his momentous summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong-il. Unification Minister Lee Jong-seok said after a ministerial meeting in Pyongyang that the North "agreed in principle" on the former president's travel plans. When "DJ" arrives in Pyongyang, the North Koreans will first see the effect time has had on his health. DJ is visibly weaker these days after suffering lung inflammation. Then they will realize how slow the progress has been to realize the commitments the two Koreas made in the Joint Declaration Kim Dae-jung and Kim Jong-il signed on June 15. Since early last year, DJ has expressed a desire to visit Pyongyang again to give a boost to the improvement of inter-Korean relations for which the summit in 2000 had provided a turning point. With Kim Jong-il's verbal invitation through then Unification Minister Chung Dong-young last June and President Roh Moo-hyun's positive support, DJ scheduled his Pyongyang trip for April but domestic politics stepped in. The opposition Grand National Party raised objections over fears of its possible impact on the forthcoming May 31 local elections and Kim postponed his travel plans. Critics now even point to the unification minister's "premature" revelation of DJ's impending Pyongyang trip as again a part of a political ploy to help the ruling party prior to the local elections. It is just amazing that politicians so meticulously calculate the effect of an event like the former president's North Korea visit, which is politically neutral in our view. On the other hand, a heavy burden is being placed on the shoulders of DJ, namely to get Kim Jong-il's decision to reenter the six-party negotiations on the North's nuclear problem, the northern leader's promise to visit Seoul, and even an assurance of the return of Korean War POWs and hundreds of abductees from the South. Whatever DJ thinks he may be able to offer for the advancement of inter-Korean relations, these requests and expectations are making excessive demands on the 82-year-old former president. DJ cannot be a proxy of the incumbent president. If a breakthrough is wanted in North-South relations, the administration and political parties need to concentrate efforts on realizing a summit between the incumbent leaders and forget about any implications on domestic politics. 2006.04.26 ***************************************************************** 29 Korea Herald: [EDITORIAL] Hollow agreements again The familiar pattern of inter-Korean talks was repeated in Pyongyang - a reception for the visiting delegation, a plenary meeting the following morning and a sightseeing tour. That was followed by a second plenary session to work out a joint statement for the press. Thus the 18th ministerial meeting, the highest channel of dialogue between North and South Korea, produced an eight-point press release Monday. The document of accord, however, contained little beyond "sharing awareness" on matters of common concern. The biggest concern for the South and other powers around the peninsula is how soon the North will end its boycott of the six-party talks on 0its nuclear ambitions. But the two Koreas said they would, "continue their efforts to achieve the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and cooperate positively for an early implementation of the Sept. 19, 2005 Joint Statement" In the Joint Statement issued in Beijing, North Korea pledged to abandon its nuclear programs in exchange for economic aid and security guarantees. But it has since insisted it would not do anything until and unless the United States lifts its sanctions against the Macau-based Banco Delta Asia which is accused of laundering money for North Korea. Now we wonder if Seoul's Unification Minister Lee Jong-seok and the North's cabinet secretary Kwon Ho-ung had any serious discussion on the nuclear issue. Their announcement emphasizing a "peaceful solution of the nuclear problem consistent with the common interest and security of the Korean nation" did not convey any sense of urgency, or even conflicting views between the two. What drew some attention was the clause on resolving the problem of people who have been missing since the Korean War and afterwards. This, the Seoul delegation may assert, was the most significant outcome of the 18th ministerial talks because it means the North Koreans have finally accepted discussions about the question of South Korean POWs in the North and abductions of South Koreans in the post-war years. No substantial result is expected because we know how Pyongyang officials reacted when reporters covering an inter-Korean family reunion at Mt. Geumgang last month mentioned "abductees" from the South. They banned the reporting activities of the "slanderous" journalists and forced their early departure. Seoul believes there are at least 486 abductees and 542 Korean War POWs being held, but Pyongyang has so far denied their existence. If the inclusion of the "missing people" question in the latest accord was an important advance in inter-Korean negotiations, it could be Kim Jong-il's gift to the South for its generous commitment of fertilizer aid this spring. And there was also Seoul's offer to repatriate some 60 North Korean spies caught and convicted in the South in exchange for the POWs and abductees. In all, we have just seen yet another round of unproductive inter-Korean dialogue held in the northern capital. But it was not totally useless. Looking back on past years, we can still recognize advancement, represented by the growing volume of inter-Korean trade and the expanding scope of private and official-level exchanges. Hope and patience are two things that are most required for our negotiators as well as the citizens watching the frustrating developments in inter-Korean relations. 2006.04.26 ***************************************************************** 30 Korea Times: Expectations Run High on DJ's NK Visit Hankooki.com > The Korea Times By Seo Dong-shin Staff Reporter Hopes are running high in Seoul that former President Kim Dae-jung's visit to North Korea will bring about a number of significant developments for the stalled six-party talks on the North's nuclear programs as well as inter-Korean affairs. After returning from the inter-Korean Cabinet talks that ended in Pyongyang Monday, Unification Minister Lee Jong-seok met the former president over dinner Tuesday to explain the background and discuss a possible agenda for Kim to carry to the North. ``We expect Kim's visit to North Korea will have positive effects on South-North relations,'' Yang Chang-seok, the ministry's spokesman said, adding ``The government will continue to actively support his visit.'' Details of the schedule, scale and protocol of Kim's visit will be discussed in working-level meetings expected to be held next month between South and North Korean officials. But one day after Minister Lee confirmed that Pyongyang accepted Kim's plan to visit the North in June, political parties in the South showed mixed reactions. The largest opposition Grand National Party (GNP) was quick to express concern on what it viewed as the highly political nature of the visit. ``Former President Kim's visit to the North should be pursued with transparency and quietness,'' Rep. Lee Kye-jin, spokesman of the GNP, told a press briefing. ``The government should not try to take advantage of the visit politically because Kim is a civilian, not a government official in charge of state affairs.'' The conservative GNP was especially alert over the possibility of the visit being used for the benefit of the governing Uri Party ahead of the May 31 local elections and raised suspicions over possible backroom deals. ``To date, North Korea has not responded to meeting proposals without economic benefits,'' Rep. Lee Bang-ho, chief policymaker of the GNP, said. ``From past experiences, we're concerned over the possibility of backdoor negotiations for the visit.'' But other opposition parties as well as the governing Uri Party welcomed the North's acceptance of Kim's visit, while criticizing the GNP. Spokespersons of minor opposition parties such as the progressive Democratic Labor Party and the Democratic Party expressed hopes that the former president's visit to the North will contribute to upgrading inter-Korean relations and providing momentum for the resumption of the six-party talks on the North's nuclear issue. It is wrong for the GNP to respond to Kim's visit to Pyongyang in the context of domestic politics, they said. ``It just shows how narrow-minded a political faction the GNP is when they find fault with the former president's going to North Korea,'' Rep. Woo Sang-ho, spokesman of the governing party, said. The public would not accept the GNP criticizing the visit again as Kim had already once delayed his proposed visit to Pyongyang from April to June after conservatives expressed concerns that it might be used to influence the results of the May 31 local elections, he said. Kim Dae-jung, who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his sunshine policy toward the North during his tenure, met with North Korean leader Kim Jong-il in Pyongyang in 2000. The two signed the June 15 Joint Statement at the summit, which the North as well as the South values as a milestone in developing inter-Korean relations. But Kim Jong-il's promise to return the visit by coming to Seoul for the second round of the inter-Korean summit has yet to be realized. At the possible reunion of the two in June, Kim Dae-jung will likely ask the North Korean leader about the prospects of keeping his promise, while emphasizing the necessity of the North's returning to the six-party talks. saltwall@koreatimes.co.kr 04-25-2006 17:48 Former President Kim Dae-jung ***************************************************************** 31 Telegraph - Calcutta: US tries to clear N-deal cloud Tuesday, April 25, 2006 OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT New Delhi, April 24: Amid growing concerns about snags hitting the Indo-US nuclear deal, Washington today clarified that it recognises Delhi’s stand against joining the non-proliferation treaty (NPT) and to maintain a strategic programme. In a statement released by the US embassy in Delhi, Washington said it believes India will maintain a strategic nuclear programme but most of its future growth would be “on the civilian side”. Officials said the US reiterated its position to allay apprehensions about the deal hitting a roadblock. The clarification was prompted by reports about serious differences between the two sides on the introduction of additional clauses in the pact, including one that barred India from testing a nuclear weapon. India has rejected the clause. The statement said Washington does not recognise India as a nuclear weapon state and does not seek to amend or renegotiate the NPT. “We understand, however, that India will not join the NPT as a non-nuclear weapon state.” The US said it had sought an exemption for India from the full-scope safeguards requirement of the Nuclear Suppliers Group guidelines, and would amend its own law to allow Delhi access to the international civil nuclear market. “The separation of India’s nuclear programme, the declaration of its civilian facilities, and the placement of those facilities under International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards will help ensure that nuclear material, equipment and technologies supplied by NSG members are exclusively applied to the civil sector,” the statement said. This assurance is in line with the obligations of the countries that are party to the NPT, which includes all members of the NSG. The US said it was firm on the joint statements of July 18, 2005 and March 2, 2006, which recognised India’s strong record on nuclear technology exports and its commitment to work within a global non-proliferation regime to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. It reiterated that it recognises India’s increasing energy needs to sustain a growth rate of over 8 per cent that will be fulfilled through nuclear power. However, such technologies cannot be shared without India accepting the agreement, the statement said. Copyright © 2006 The Telegraph. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 32 AFP: US plays down India's refusal to reaffirm nuclear test commitment - Tue Apr 25, 1:55 AM ET WASHINGTON (AFP) - India's refusal to accept a provision barring it from conducting atomic tests in a civilian nuclear agreement with the United States is unlikely to scuttle the landmark deal, a US official said. "It shouldn't be an issue because the goalposts haven't been moved. That is the reality," David Mulford, the US ambassador to India, told a forum in Washington on Monday. He said that a bilateral agreement detailing the deal clinched on March 2 between US President George W. Bush" /> President George W. Bushand Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh was still being worked out and that "there will have to be some sort of wording arrangements which have not been agreed." The United States had suggested a provision in the draft bilateral agreement that nuclear cooperation would be discontinued if New Delhi were to conduct a nuclear test. But the Indian foreign ministry said last week that New Delhi "has already conveyed to the United States that such a provision has no place in the proposed bilateral agreement." New Delhi has refused to sign the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) which bans nuclear explosions but has announced a unilateral moratorium on atomic explosions after carrying out such tests in 1998. An outline of the bilateral nuclear deal was adopted by Singh and Bush in July last year, in which the Indian prime minister pledged to maintain India's moratorium on nuclear weapons testing. The deal would allow energy-starved India, which is not a signatory of the nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT), to gain access to long-denied civilian nuclear technology in return for placing a majority of its nuclear reactors under international inspection. For the deal to be workable, the US Congress has to amend the US Atomic Energy Act, which currently prohibits nuclear sales to countries that are not NPT signatories. The bilateral agreement also has to go through Congress, which is reportedly skeptical of the deal because New Delhi has refused to sign the NPT and has developed nuclear weapons. "India made its own unilateral declaration confirming its policy there wasn't going to be any more testing," Mulford said Monday, as he fielded questions on the deal at a forum organized by the American Enterprise Institute, a Washington-based think tank. "That was what was agreed. There is no change in the goalposts, which unfortunately has somehow gotten into the media and become an issue," Mulford said, apparently referring to a leak of the draft agreement in New Delhi. He said the bilateral agreement was "a matter to be discussed," adding that "it is question of time and dedicated effort by the skilled people who are involved on both sides." "As Congress comes to judge this situation, I think they will see that this is not an issue," he said. Several non-proliferation experts have criticized the deal with non-NPT member India, saying it will make it harder to enforce a tight set of rules against nuclear renegades Iran" /> Iranand North Korea" /> North Korea. Copyright © 2006 Agence France Presse. All rights reserved. The ***************************************************************** 33 Las Vegas SUN: Editorial: 2005 energy bill is obsolete Today: April 25, 2006 at 7:35:39 PDT Oil profits are way up, largely because energy bill does nothing to reduce consumption A windfall profits tax on American oil companies is an answer to the rising gasoline prices, says Sen. Arlen Specter, R-Pa., chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee. He also supports measures to break up giant companies such as Exxon-Mobil and Chevron, similar to federal action against Standard Oil Co. 95 years ago to create more competition in the market. With gasoline prices in much of the country now soaring above $3 a gallon, those are proposals worth considering. We, too, have a proposal. We believe the energy bill, passed by Congress last year, is obsolete and should be superseded by a new one that reflects reality. The bill now in place was crafted by Vice President Dick Cheney. It reflects his loyalty to oil and gas corporations that are receiving generous federal subsidies while racking up staggering profits. A new energy bill should be passed that fully recognizes the potential of alternative energy sources to replace oil-based gasoline. President Bush is right in pushing hydrogen as a long-term solution. But help is needed immediately, and a bill reflecting greater support for emerging hybrid, ethanol, biodiesel and other alternative fuels is desperately needed. We support an energy bill that would reduce subsidies to oil companies and put the savings toward a new subsidy, one that would reward people for giving up their gas-guzzling SUVs and pickups in exchange for vehicles that get better mileage or use alternative fuels. All contents copyright 2005 Las Vegas SUN, Inc. ***************************************************************** 34 [NukeNet] Former Environmental Ministers Call on UN to Reform Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2006 21:04:01 -0700 NukeNet Anti-Nuclear Network (nukenet@energyjustice.net) >Coincidentally, Greenpeace released a report on Monday about 200 failures at American nuclear >power plants, which it described as "near misses," since 1986. http://www.greenpeace.org http://www.greenpeace.org/international/press/releases/former-environmental-ministers Former Environmental Ministers call on UN to reform IAEA mandate and End the Nuclear Age 11 April 2006 a.. Print b.. Send Construction of the sarcophagus (cover) over the destroyed Chernobyl reactor. Enlarge Image Vienna, Austria - In the run up to the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster, former European Environmental Ministers (1) and Greenpeace are calling on Secretary-General Kofi Annan and International Atomic Energy Agency Director Mohamed ElBaradei to reform the Agency's mandate and withdraw its promotion of nuclear technology, thereby eliminating the risk of another nuclear disaster of Chernobyl's magnitude. This demand highlights the contradictory roles the IAEA plays in the international arena. On one hand, the IAEA is tasked with stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and providing technical assistance to support the nuclear disarmament process. On the other, the IAEA's mandate promotes the dangerous myth of peaceful nuclear power. The former environmental ministers call on the UN to propose amendments to the IAEA statute at the forthcoming IAEA Board of Governors and General Conference in mid September. "The risk of nuclear arms proliferation seems to be growing rapidly. To be able to function effectively, the IAEA should end its schizophrenic role. It cannot effectively prevent nuclear arms proliferation when it, at the same time, promotes nuclear energy technology, which produces material for bombs. Therefore the time has come to make end of this double role of IAEA," said Mrs. Satu Hassi, Member of European Parliament and former Finish Environmental Minister. "The United Nations should dedicate this reform to the thousands of people in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus whose lives were scarred forever on the morning of the 26th of April 1986. The 20th anniversary of the biggest nuclear disaster in history is an opportunity to remove the threat of nuclear disasters from the planet, starting with reforming the IAEA, said Felicity Hill, Nuclear Political Advisor for Greenpeace. "Atoms for Peace sounds like a nice ideal, but we all know that the reality of atomic energy is anything but peaceful." "The IAEA acts as a true promoter for the nuclear industry worldwide. By deliberately ignoring the interlink between civil and military nukes, it contributes to the proliferation of fissile materials. Nations are also responsible in this dangerous interaction. France particularly, must end its sales policy of nuclear materials and technologies to whomever is willing to pay. This trade jeopardizes world peace." concluded Mrs. Dominique Voynet, Senator and former French Minister for the Environment. Notes to Editor (1) Signatories of the Ministers' letter are the following former Environmental Ministers: 1. Former Ukrainian Minister of Environment and Natural Resources, Mr. Sergiy Kurykin 2. Former Russian Minister of Environment, Mr. Victor Danilov-Danilian 3. Former Belarusian Minister of Environment, Mr. Anatolii Dorofeev 4. Former Italian Minister of Environment, Mr. Edo Ronchi 5. Former Danish Environment and Energy Minister, Mr. Svend Auken 6. Former Belgian Minister of Environment, Ms. Magda Alvoet 7. Former Czech Minister of Environment, Mr. Ivan Dejmal 8. Former Finish Minister of Environment and Development Cooperation, Ms. Satu Hassi 9. Former French Minister of Environment and Regional Planning, Ms. Dominique Voynet 10. Former British Minister of Environment, Mr. Michael Meacher MP (2) A copy of the letter from the Ministers can be found at http://www.greenpeace.org/ministersletter (3) A copy of the letter from Greenpeace can be found at http://www.greenpeace.org/reformletter Further contact information for reporters to get video, photos or report details Satu Hassi, MED and former Minister for Environment of Finland, + 32 2 284 54 37 Dominique Voynet, Senator and former Minister for Environment of France, +33 622 86 72 61 Felicity Hill, Greenpeace International Nuclear Political Advisor, + 31 6 4616 2018 Omer Elnaiem, Greenpeace International Communications + 31 6 4616 2020 Contact information a.. Omer Elnaiem a.. Print b.. 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Site Map d.. Help e.. FAQs f.. RSS Feeds _______________________________________________________________________ Subscribe/Unsubscribe Here: http://www.energyjustice.net/nukenet/ Change your settings or access the archives at: http://energyjustice.net/mailman/listinfo/nukenet_energyjustice.net ***************************************************************** 35 AFP: Pakistan, India to hold nuclear talks Tue Apr 25, 1:51 AM ET ISLAMABAD (AFP) - Pakistan and India are due to hold talks on nuclear and conventional confidence building measures this week in Islamabad as part of an ongoing peace process between the South Asian rivals, the foreign ministry said. Talks between the foreign ministry officials of India and Pakistan on nuclear CBMs would be held on April 25-26 and on conventional CBMs on April 27, ministry spokeswoman Tasnim Aslam told a weekly briefing on Monday. "We approach these talks in a very constructive manner, with a positive frame of mind," Aslam said. "We have put a number of proposals on the table and we intend to give some more proposals and have good discussions." The Pakistan side at these talks would hand over the draft agreement on prevention of incidents at sea in order to ensure safety of navigation by naval vessels, she said. Pakistan would also elaborate on proposals to reduce threats on the line of control, the de facto border in Kashmir" /> Kashmir, divided between Pakistan and India and claimed in full by both. The simmering dispute over Kashmir has led to two of the three wars between Pakistan and India and both countries returned from the verge of a nuclear war in 2002. Aslam said that avoidance of accidental use of nuclear weapons was also being discussed with India. "We feel that it is in the interest of both countries that we do not have a situation where there is any possibility of such an accident. We already have a number of CBMs in place and discussions are continuing." India and Pakistan, who carried out tit-for-tat nuclear weapons tests in May 1998, exchange lists of their nuclear installations every year on January 1. Pakistan and India have been engaged in a slow-moving peace process since January 2004. Although contacts between politicians, people and traders have picked up, the Kashmir dispute has yet to be addressed. A bus service connecting the two regions of scenic Kashmir was the first major fruit of the peace process between the two nations. Copyright © 2006 Agence France Presse. All rights reserved. The ***************************************************************** 36 IRNA: IAEA, ElBaradei should be accountable to history: Rafsanjani - Tehran, April 25, IRNA Iran-Rafsanjani-Nuclear The UN nuclear watchdog and its chief Mohamed ElBaradei should be accountable to history in the future for their approach towards Iran's nuclear case, the Expediency Council Chairman Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani said here Tuesday. Rafsanjani's remark came in an international conference dubbed 'Iran' Nuclear Energy Program: Policies and Prospects' which kicked off here Tuesday. In a clear reference to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) chief, Rafsanjani said that he should not conceal the truth about Iran's nuclear program. ElBaradei is to provide a report on Friday on whether Iran has complied with the United Nations Security Council's demand to halt uranium enrichment. "US feels concerned as it fears Iran has become a model for other countries. They want to eliminate this model," Rafsanjani said. He noted that any possible negative moves against Iran (by US) in the future would be more harmful to themselves (Americans) and "they will be the real loser." The history of Iran's defensive acts proved that "Tehran is not seeking to use weapons of mass destruction," said the EC chairman adding "If that was the case, we would announce it clearly and would accept its consequences. "Why do you compel countries to go towards concealing their activities," Rafsanjani said. He stressed that Iran would not accept bullying of the big powers and that they should change their language and try to pave the way for negotiation. "Instead of using threats and intimidation, they should create a proper atmosphere for talks," Rafsanjani stated. ***************************************************************** 37 UPI: India, Pakistan talk nuclear safety, war United Press International - Intl. Intelligence - 4/25/2006 6:04:00 AM -0400 ISLAMABAD, Pakistan, April 25 (UPI) -- Pakistan has said it will propose a draft pact on the prevention of incidents at sea during three-day talks with India. The Hindu newspaper said Tuesday India and Pakistan have begun talks on nuclear and conventional confidence-building measures, including safe navigation. The first two days of talks, held under the ongoing composite dialogue process between the two countries, will focus on nuclear confidence-building measures. These will then be followed by a day of talks on conventional confidence-building measures, to be held Thursday. "Pakistan has already tabled several proposals and intends to have more proposals during the discussion," said Tasneem Aslam, Pakistani foreign office spokeswoman. "We will approach the talks in a very constructive manner and a positive frame of mind." The two South Asian neighbors signed an agreement for the pre-notification of flight-testing of ballistic missiles and implemented the nuclear-related emergency contact hotline between the countries' foreign secretaries following the third round of talks in August last year. In August, India gave to Pakistan a draft agreement covering measures designed to reduce the risk of the accidental or unauthorized use of nuclear weapons under each country's respective control. Aslam said that there had been discussions on the avoidance of accidental nuclear war in August, and that the topic would reemerge in the current round of talks. © Copyright 2006 United Press International, Inc. All Rights Reserved ***************************************************************** 38 [NYTr] Vigils mark 20th anniversary of Chernobyl disaster Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2006 17:37:41 -0500 (CDT) Via NY Transfer News Collective * All the News that Doesn't Fit AFP via yahoo - Apr 25, 2006 http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20060425/ts_afp/chernobylanniversary_060425204543 Vigils mark 20th anniversary of Chernobyl disaster CHERNOBYL, Ukraine (AFP) - Haunting vigils marked the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster, the world's worst nuclear accident that sent shockwaves around the globe, ravaged this corner of eastern Europe and continues to affect millions of people to this day. In an eerie performance in the shadow of the defunct power plant in northern Ukraine, a French theater troupe recounted stories of a handful of ordinary people who found their lives torn apart by the disaster. "I see him in every corner," one actress said, playing a young woman who lost her husband within weeks of the disaster, as well as her six-month-old unborn child. The melancholy ceremony was the first event to mark the moment when at 1:23 am on April 26, 1986 (2223 GMT the previous day), two explosions ripped through one of the reactors at the Soviet Union's Chernobyl nuclear power plant, releasing a huge radioactive cloud into the air. "We are playing for the dead," Bruno Boussagol, the producer and artistic director of the Brut de Beton troupe, told AFP. The cloud released by the Chernobyl explosion settled mostly in Ukraine and neighboring Belarus to the north, but parts of it drifted across Russia and a large swathe of Europe, and its effects were felt from Scandinavia to Greece. "The explosion affected half of the planet, but Belarus and Ukraine suffered worst of all," Terry Davis, secretary general of the Council of Europe, said in a statement on Tuesday. "For these countries, Chernobyl is not an historic event, it is a problem of today and of tomorrow," Davis said. Candlelight vigils were to take place early Wednesday in the town of Slavutich, home to most of the 3,700 workers who still service the plant, and in Kiev, where many of the "liquidators," as the clean-up workers became known, live today. In Belarus, where much of the radioactive cloud settled after the accident, contaminating a quarter of its land, opposition groups were expected to hold Wednesday what has become a traditional protest against government efforts to repopulate the affected areas of the country. Critics say that Belarus's authoritarian leadership is ignoring serious health risks in trying to return the contaminated land back to general use. Some five million people are believed to have been affected by the disaster in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, all of which still have regions where the levels of dangerous cesium-137 and strontium-90 radioisotopes are much higher than accepted norms. Nearly 800,000 hectares (nearly two million acres) of prime agricultural land and 700,000 hectares (1.7 million acres) of forest remain derelict in the three countries. Two decades on, the death toll from the tragedy is hotly debated. Agencies of the United Nations, backed by the governments of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, estimate that between 4,000 and 9,000 people could be expected to die overall as a direct consequence of the accident. Environmental groups put the figure at 100,000 and higher. Estimates on the eventual cost of the disaster vary as well. Ukraine expects to spend up to 170 billion dollars (137 billion euros) by 2015; Belarus counts its losses over the past two decades at 235 billion dollars; the United Nations says the accident will end up costing hundreds of billions of dollars overall. The Chernobyl plant was eventually closed for good in December 2000 but will continue to be a concern for years to come. The concrete sarcophagus that was hastily constructed over its destroyed reactor immediately following the accident is showing signs of wear and more than 20 countries have chipped in nearly a billion dollars for the construction of a 20,000-ton steel case to take its place. Construction of the new containment unit is expected to begin later this year and Ukraine hopes to complete it by 2010. *** Reuters via Yahoo - Apr 25, 2006 http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20060425/wl_nm/chernobyl_director_dc_1 Chernobyl boss: "True cause of disaster was hidden" By Christian Lowe KIEV (Reuters) - The world has failed to learn the lessons of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, according to the man who was in charge of the reactor that blew up 20 years ago this week. Former Chernobyl director Viktor Bryukhanov told Russia's Profil magazine in a rare interview that scientists had covered up the full truth about the design faults that helped cause the world's worst nuclear accident. Bryukhanov, who was jailed for negligence over the accident, was speaking at a time when nuclear power is returning to favor in countries like China and the United States as a way of producing electricity with no carbon emissions, unlike fossil fuels. "You need to understand the real causes of the disaster in order to know in what direction you should develop alternative sources of energy," Profil quoted Bryukhanov as saying in its latest issue, published on Monday. "In this sense, Chernobyl has not taught anything to anyone." The Chernobyl plant's No. 4 reactor blew up as staff were running a test early on April 26, 1986. The reactor, in what was then the Soviet republic of Ukraine, spewed a huge cloud of radioactive dust over much of Europe. Most scientists now agree the accident was caused by a fatal combination of flaws in the reactor's design and a failure by the staff on duty to follow safety procedures. Bryukhanov acknowledged his staff had made mistakes. But he said official investigations into the cause of the disaster had been a whitewash designed to exonerate the nuclear industry. "The scientists, the construction engineers, the prosecution experts, they all defended their professional interests and that was all. It was a tissue of lies that distracted us from the search for the real causes of the accident," he said. Reactors of the same design as the one at Chernobyl are still in operation in eastern Europe, though they were modified after the accident to eliminate the safety flaws uncovered by the Chernobyl investigation. The official probe into the accident was part of a broader, international cover-up about the risks of nuclear power, Bryukhanov said, though he offered no evidence to back this up. "(It's) not just us: the Americans, the French, the English, the Japanese, are all hiding the real causes of accidents at their own nuclear power stations," he said. Bryukhanov was at his home near the plant when the reactor blew up. He served half his 10-year jail sentence and now lives in the Ukrainian capital, Kiev, the magazine said. * ================================================================ .NY Transfer News Collective * A Service of Blythe Systems . Since 1985 - Information for the Rest of Us . .339 Lafayette St., New York, NY 10012 http://www.blythe.org .List Archives: https://olm.blythe-systems.com/pipermail/nytr/ .Subscribe: https://olm.blythe-systems.com/mailman/listinfo/nytr ================================================================ ***************************************************************** 39 NRC can't investigate day-care concerns Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2006 21:05:02 -0700 This story is now online at: http://www.pennlive.com/search/index.ssf?/base/news/114588481928210.xml?pennnews&coll=1 NRC says it canąt investigate day-care concernsť BY GARRY LENTONť Of The Patriot-Newsť ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ The federal agency that licenses commercial nuclear reactors canąt say for sure if preschool children in day-care centers and nursery schools will be evacuated if another nuclear emergency occurs in Pennsylvania. ¶ And though questions have been raised about potential weaknesses in the stateąs emergency planning, a U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission official said the agency canąt investigate the claims because its authority does not extend be­ yond the borders of the plants. ¶ The Department of Home­ land Security and the Federal Emergency Management Agency determine if local emergency plans around nu­ clear plants comply with NRC licensing regulations, said Gregory C. Cwalina, an NRC senior allegation coordinator. He made the statement in an April 3 letter to Larry Chris­ tian and Eric Epstein, chair­ man of the watchdog group Three Mile Island Alert. ¶ Christian and Epstein main­ tain the plans fail to protect preschool children in private day-care centers and nursery schools. In an allegation filed with the agency this year, the two claim that NRC licensing requirements are not being enforced. ¶ łWe are unable to substan­ tiate your concern that nucle­ ar power reactor licensees op­ erating in ... Pennsylvania are in violation of federal regula­ tions,˛ Cwalina wrote. ¶ Before the federal govern­ ment grants a license for a nu­ clear plant, state and local of­ ficials have to develop evacuation plans for people within 10 miles of a plant, in­ cluding those in hospitals, nursing homes and schools. ¶ If the allegations of Chris­ tian and Epstein are correct, the NRC could order the stateąs five nuclear plants to shut down until the evacua­ tion plans are revised. ¶ FEMA and the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency, two agencies that re­ view emergency planning, say the plan meets NRC require­ ments. ¶ FEMA tested the TMI emergency plan last May and found no problems. No day- care centers or nursery schools were contacted in the drill, however. Instead, FEMA verified that municipal offi­ cials had names and telephone numbers for day-care centers. ¶ łAll they did was look at what they had on paper and say itąs adequate,˛ Epstein said. łInk on paper doesnąt evacuate children.˛ ¶ A survey of day-care center operators conducted last year by Epsteinąs EFMR Monitor­ ing Group, found that 87 per­ cent did not know how they would move their children to safety if an evacuation was declared. More than half did not know where they would take their children. EFMR is a nonprofit group established by Epstein to measure radia­ tion around TMI. The survey represented nearly 40 day- care centers. ¶ Christian, a father of two, raised the issue with the NRC three years ago. He called the agencyąs refusal to act on the allegation łcompletely ab­ surd.˛ ¶ Epstein accused the agency of criminal negligence and said TMI Alert planned to pursue the issue in court. ¶ łAt some point, somebody has to produce evidence that special needs populations can be evacuated,˛ he said. ¶ NRC spokeswoman Diane Screnci said the letter was a response to a specific allega­ tion and did not mean the agency was finished examin­ ing the issue. She said the NRC is working with FEMA to ensure emergency planning meets the requirements. ¶ When asked if the NRC had the authority to second-guess FEMAąs evaluations, Screnci said, łwe rely on FEMA to give us an evaluation.˛ ¶ The assertion that the NRC canąt tell FEMA to correct a problem seems to contradict statements made last month by NRC Commissioner Gre­ gory B. Jaczko. ¶ In a speech at the National Radiological Emergency Pre­ paredness Conference, Jaczko said, łthe NRC has the ulti­ mate authority and responsi­ bility˛ to ensure public health and safety around nuclear power plants. ¶ The co-author of the licens­ ing requirements also ques­ tioned the letterąs interpreta­ tion of NRC policy. Licensing decisions are based on the NRCąs review of FEMA find­ ings, said Michael Jamgochi­ an, a senior NRC engineer. ¶ Harrisburg Mayor Stephen R. Reed described the NRC position as łcurious and con­ flicting.˛ ¶ łThe public safety is a ma­ jor component of licensing,˛ he said. łSo itąs a little disin­ genuous to say that [NRC] have no off-site jurisdiction when indeed they do.˛ ¶ David Lochbaum, a nuclear safety expert with the Union of Concerned Scientists, said NRCąs decision to hand all au­ thority over off-site emergen­ cy planning to FEMA raised questions about the agencyąs ability to evaluate public safe­ ty at all nuclear plants. ¶ łThe only difference be­ tween New Orleans and the communities around Three Mile Island is that FEMAąs bluff hasnąt been called,˛ he said, referring to FEMAąs much-criticized response to Hurricane Katrina last fall. ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ GARRY LENTON: 255-8264 or glenton@patriot-news.com ***************************************************************** 40 [NukeNet] CNIC Chernobyl 20th Anniversary Appeal Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2006 21:06:23 -0700 NukeNet Anti-Nuclear Network (nukenet@energyjustice.net) Building a 21st Century which is not dependent on nuclear energy (Embargoed until 26 April 2006) Appeal On the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl accident, we remember the tragedy of this, the worst industrial accident in human history. We recognize the dangers of using nuclear energy. We also recognize that using nuclear energy encourages nuclear proliferation. We therefore make the following appeal: 1. that nuclear energy be phased out as soon as possible; 2. that governments industry and the general public work together to dramatically reduce total energy consumption in the 21st Century; and 3. that the use of renewable forms of energy be expanded as rapidly as possible. Overall Assessment On the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear accident, we call to mind once again the dangers of nuclear energy. Twenty years ago today, in what is now Ukraine, a run-away nuclear reaction caused an explosion and fire at the Chernobyl number 4 reactor. With this accident, the true nature of nuclear energy was revealed. As a result of the accident, it is estimated that about 400 million Curies of radioactivity were released into the environment. The land within a 30-kilometer radius of the accident was declared permanently out-of-bounds for human habitation. The inhabitants abandoned the highly contaminated areas and 500 villages disappeared off the face of the map. It is well known that the death rate from cancer and other diseases increased amongst the liquidators and those living in the most contaminated areas. It is also predicted that many people in less contaminated areas will die as a result of radiation-induced diseases. However, the effects of the disaster go beyond simple body counts. The general health of a much larger number of people has been adversely affected and the social disruption has been enormous. Those who left the highly contaminated areas have had great difficulty adapting and have faced discrimination in their new surroundings. The 600,000 liquidators, feted as heroes at the time, feel that they have been abandoned. It is said that a mere 10 percent of these people are in good health. Due to the delayed onset of many radiation-induced diseases, the cloud of Chernobyl will hang over the Chernobyl generation, as the mushroom cloud has hung over the victims of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, for the duration of their lives. And while shorter-lived radioactive isotopes will eventually decay, others will remain in the environment effectively forever. Effect on Japan Radioactivity from the accident spread over the whole Northern Hemisphere. Elevated levels of radioactivity were also recorded in Japan. The food on our tables was contaminated. Even now, twenty years after the accident, there is still imported food reaching Japan which exceeds the regulatory limits for radioactivity. Safety Myth Exploded Nuclear fission was discovered during the 20th Century and used to develop nuclear weapons during World War 2. The atomic bombs which exploded over Hiroshima and Nagasaki killed a couple of hundred thousand people in an instant. The enormous nuclear energy demonstrated by these bombs was used to produce electrical power, but the difficulty of controlling this energy was proved by the Chernobyl accident. The myth that catastrophic accidents could not occur at nuclear reactors was exploded at Chernobyl. Phase Out Nuclear Energy in Asia Too Moves for a nuclear phase-out in European countries were boosted by the Chernobyl disaster. Germany passed a nuclear phase-out law. In Asia too, Taiwan is aiming to make its number 4 nuclear power plant, which is now under construction, its last plant and to phase out nuclear energy in the future. It appeared that nuclear energy would die out with the ending of the 20th Century, but now there are signs that it is being resurrected under the guise of a solution to global warming. Programs to build nuclear reactors are particularly vigorous in Asia. There are plans for an extensive program of nuclear construction in China, plans have been announced to build more than 10 new reactors in South Korea, and Japan plans to build 13 new reactors. In Japan, there is also a program to use large quantities of plutonium. The Rokkasho reprocessing plant will separate plutonium for this program. The plant is causing concerns because of the potential for the plutonium to be diverted to military use. This is one factor contributing to tensions in north-east Asia. Despite the claims made by its proponents, nuclear energy is not a solution to global warming. Rather, it perpetuates the trend to ever higher consumption of energy. The result is a net increase in CO2 emissions. This point is well illustrated by the fact that although two new reactors commenced operations in Japan in 2005, CO2 emissions set a new record. The Chernobyl disaster clearly demonstrated the dangers of nuclear energy and, as long as nuclear energy is used, the problems of nuclear proliferation and global warming will not be solved. The only solution is to phase out nuclear energy. This applies to Asia as much as to any other region. It is perfectly possible. The only thing that is now needed is the will. Citizens' Nuclear Information Center Contacts: Hideyuki Ban (Co-Director) Philip White (International Liaison Officer) Citizens' Nuclear Information Center 3F Kotobuki Bdg, 1-58-15, Higashi-Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0003 Phone: 81-3-5330-9520 Fax: 81-3-5330-9530 http://cnic.jp/english/ cnic@nifty.com _______________________________________________________________________ Subscribe/Unsubscribe Here: http://www.energyjustice.net/nukenet/ Change your settings or access the archives at: http://energyjustice.net/mailman/listinfo/nukenet_energyjustice.net ***************************************************************** 41 Cooling solution? Nuclear power industry sells itself. Critics Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2006 21:06:32 -0700 **************************************************** Cooling solution? With memories of TMI and Chernobyl fading, nuclear power industry sells itself as a clean fuel in a greenhouse gas world. Critics tell another story. Jon Rutter Shining pennants of steam fly from the Unit 1 cooling towers at Three Mile Island. Water vapor. Pretty as a cumulous cloud, it symbolizes one of nuclear power's strongest selling points. Reactors churn out substantial amounts of electricity but virtually no greenhouse gas emissions. It's a pristine image the industry is fond of promoting, especially in a warming world pressed to phase out fossil fuels. But some scientists say the picture is not crystal clear. While the plants themselves do not belch smoke and soot, nuclear critics argue, the process of digging up uranium and turning it into fuel produces vast quantities of greenhouse gas. Still more polluting energy will be needed one day to decommission the nation's 64 nuclear power plants and cart radioactive waste to a central disposal facility. Two nuclear scientists from the Netherlands, Jan Willem Storm van Leeuwen and Philip Smith, have stirred the pot in recent years by asserting that, overall, nuclear generation produces a third as much carbon dioxide as conventional, mid-size gas-fired electricity generation. The Nuclear Energy Institute disputes their calculations. "Not true," says Melanie W. Lyons, a spokeswoman for the trade group in Washington, D.C. "They'll come up with anything" to discredit the industry, which she says provides 70 percent of the nonpolluting energy in the United States. Nuclear proponents note that the conversion of Soviet warheads to civilian reactor fuel now provides the United States with half of its uranium; the trend, presumably, will save on mining and cut the industry's carbon output. But Smith and van Leeuwen have predicted just the opposite. As the world exhausts supplies of high-quality ore, they contend, continued reliance on nuclear reactors to generate electricity will release more CO2 than burning fossil fuels directly. The nuclear fuel cycle is "a huge issue that has just gone unreported," says Eric Epstein, long-time TMI watchdog in Middletown. "From the moment uranium is extracted from the earth, mined, milled, fabricated and transported, it emits damaging greenhouse gases." Shedding carbon The issue, which includes a debate over whether nuclear power is economically viable without large government subsidies, is not new. In 1998, the Council of Better Business Bureaus in New York blasted the American nuclear industry for making "problematic" claims that it could produce energy "without polluting the air and water." Nuclear reactors generate 20 percent of the nation's electricity, according to the Nuclear Energy Institute. Now, though, spurred by government financial incentives and the promise of a streamlined approval process, the industry is verging on a wave of new plant construction in the Southeast. Memories of decades-old accidents at Chernobyl and Three Mile Island have faded. Fuel cycle questions have garnered considerably less attention in this country than in Europe, where the work of van Leeuwen and Smith at the University of Groningen was bolstered by a 1998 Oko Institute study. The Oko Institute is a research group that advises the German environmental ministry. Meanwhile, concern about global climate change has intensified the quest for clean energy and even made nuclear power converts out of some environmentalists, such as Patrick Moore, the co-founder of Greenpeace, and Stewart Brand, the former editor of the Whole Earth Catalog. The nuclear fuel cycle is environmentally benign compared to fossil fuel sources, contends April Schilpp, Exelon Nuclear spokeswoman at Peach Bottom. "I think the effects of coal burning are more severe because you need way more of it." According to a report by the U.S. Department of Energy in 2000, coal-fired plants produced 51 percent of the country's electricity and nearly 80 percent of the CO2 emitted by U.S. electric utilities. Carbon dioxide is considered the primary climate-change culprit. The Bush administration aims to increase both coal and nuclear power generating capacity. In 2003, the federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission granted Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station a 20-year license extension. AmerGen Energy is expected to ask the commission to renew TMI's license, which runs out in 2014, for 20 more years. The two plants together consume about 47 tons of uranium fuel a year, Schilpp says. Because of design differences, she explains, the plants receive their fuel from different manufacturers. Schilpp says Peach Bottom, with two boiling water reactors that generate about 1,175 megawatts of electricity per year, gets its fuel through General Electric. A public relations representative for GE, Tom Murnane, says that company's affiliate, Global Nuclear Fuel, fabricates fuel assemblies for Peach Bottom in Wilmington, N.C. TMI operates a single pressurized water reactor that annually produces 900 megawatts of electricity. It obtains fuel through AREVA Inc., a multinational nuclear vendor headed by Spencer Abraham, former U.S. energy secretary. Clean start? The nuclear fuel cycle spans the globe, encompassing everything from uranium mines in Canada and Kazakhstan to enrichment facilities in Kentucky and Ohio. According to Nuclear Energy Institute, U.S. plants annually consume about 53 million pounds of uranium oxide, a product created by milling raw uranium ore. Uranium oxide is converted to hexafluoride gas at the ConverDyn Inc. plant in Metropolis, Ill., the only facility of its kind in the United States, according to the Nuclear Energy Institute. Enrichment, the next step, increases the fissionable U-235 isotope of the fuel, which is converted into uranium dioxide powder and pressed into small pellets. Finally, the pellets are loaded into thin, alloy tubes, or rods, that are assembled in clusters for use in reactor cores. Most, if not all, of the ore used in U.S. nuclear plants is imported. But the Nuclear Information and Resource Service, a watchdog group in Maryland, says a burgeoning uranium boom promises to reactivate mines in Wyoming, Colorado, Utah and New Mexico. About half of uranium enrichment operations and 40 percent of fuel conversion take place domestically. Other conversion and enrichment facilities are in France, Germany, Great Britain, Russia, Canada and the Netherlands. Environmentalists say the cycle impacts the environment, and society, in various ways. Uranium groundwater contamination in Namibia and bird kills from copper/uranium mining in Australia are among the ongoing problems the Nuclear Information and Resource Service cites. According to the Louisville Courier-Journal and other sources, leakage of ozone-eating Freon from the United States Enrichment Corp. plant in Kentucky exceeded 800,000 pounds and accounted for the bulk of such domestic emissions in 1999, the most recent year records were available. TMI Alert's Epstein says transporting radioactive material that could possibly be used to make dirty bombs "raises the issue of fuel security." The scope of concern has expanded to U.S. ports, he adds, referring to the 20-year "Megatons to Megawatts" program to turn Russian weapons into commercial reactor fuel. Nuclear opponents concede that conventional energy is needed even to produce a solar panel or erect a wind turbine. Still, they charge, mining and milling uranium is a particularly inefficient way to produce fuel. Overall, according to Oko Institute findings, the nuclear fuel cycle emits up to four or five as much CO2 as renewables, such as wind or solar. Ultimately, says Paul Gunter of the Nuclear Information and Resource Service, the environmental cost of nuclear power will be determined by how long high-quality ore reserves last. "It depends upon the grade of fuel. That's the unknown," Gunter says. Studies by the nuclear industry suggest that there are no significant differences in emissions among nuclear and renewable sources. "You've got to compare apples to apples," cautions Ralph DeSantis, the spokesman for Three Mile Island. "There's no question that the actual operation of a nuclear power plant is much cleaner than the operation of a fossil fuel plant, much better for the environment." 20 YEARS AGO: THE NUCLEAR ACCIDENT AT CHERNOBYL. A8 -----Original Message----- From: Eric Epstein [mailto:ericepstein@comcast.net] Sent: Tuesday, April 25, 2006 8:53 AM To: Rutter, Jon Subject: Web copy? Jon: O could not find a copy of your article on the web. Can you send me a copy? Shalom, Eric ***************************************************************** 42 ITAR-TASS: CIS to exert every effort to minimise Chernobyl disaster effects 25.04.2006, 15.06 MOSCOW, April 25 (Itar-Tass) - The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) confirms “the resolve to exert every effort with a view to minimising the aftermath of the Chernobyl nuclear plant disaster,” it is said in an appeal of the CIS heads of state on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster that is marked on April 26. The situation requires “new approaches, scientifically substantiated decisions, considerable spending and as a result the financial, technical and scientific assistance on the part of the international community,” it is said in the appeal. “It is the worst technogenic radiation catastrophe of the 20th century in scale and consequences,” it is stressed in the document. “In connection with the tragic date the CIS heads of state appeal to the peoples of the Commonwealth countries, to the United Nations member states, to the whole international community with a reminder of the aftermath of the disaster.” As a result of this emergency “millions of people were shocked by the adversity that they could hardly apprehend and could not protect themselves from.” “Many families lost their homes and source of subsistence, they had to change their habitual environment and way of life,” it is said in the appeal. “The catastrophe could have been immeasurably larger in scale if it were not for the courage and self sacrifice of hundreds of thousands of participants in the efforts to liquidate the Chernobyl disaster aftermath – our compatriots,” the CIS leaders point out in their message. “Risking their health, lives, they fulfilled their duty and protected the people from hazardous effects and further spread of radiation.” Despite the extremely costly measures taken in the wake of the catastrophe and in following years the Chernobyl NPP “is remaining a potential source of danger in the centre of Europe.” “Minimisation of this threat in the short run and on the basis of advanced technologies meets common interests,” it is indicated in the document. “In this connection a centralised attraction of the scientific-research and financial potential of the whole international community to the solution of the problem of increasing safety of the object Ukrytiye (Shelter).” “A complex radiation and socio-economic rehabilitation of the affected territories” remains a major problem of the catastrophe consequences overcoming. At present these regions “are in specially difficult conditions caused by the destruction of the ecological infrastructure, outflow of labour force, demographic problems,” it is said in the document. “The state of the environment after the NPP disaster limits the conditions of the population’s life activity,” the CIS heads of state note. “The state of health of the people living in the affected territories and liquidators of the disaster is causing particular concern.” “The attainment of the main goal of rehabilitation – sustained development of the affected regions and their real economic revival – requires new approaches, scientifically substantiated decisions, considerable expenditures and, as a result, financial, technical and scientific assistance of the international community,” it is stated in the appeal. “Understanding the unequalled consequences of the Chernobyl NPP disaster, its effects on many generations, paying tribute to the memory of the people who lost their lives and health as a result of the catastrophe we state our determination to exert every effort in order to minimise its aftermath,” the CIS heads of state emphasised in their appeal. © ITAR-TASS. All rights reserved. You undertake not to copy, ***************************************************************** 43 ITAR-TASS: Russia part in Chernobyl efforts to continue 25.04.2006, 12.26 MOSCOW, April 25 (Itar-Tass) - Russia is ready to continue its active participation in international cooperation, including with Ukraine, aimed at liquidating the consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. April 26 is the 20th anniversary of the explosion at Ukraine’s Chernobyl nuclear power plant that was the greatest nuclear disaster in the 21st century. Moscow’s Kurchatov nuclear research centre has developed at the request of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences a plan of measures that are to convert the Chernobyl facilities into an ecologically safe condition. Even though a tender for the construction of a new safe sarcophagus, or shelter, over the destroyed reactor of the Chernobyl plant remained an unsolved matter, Russia’s company Atomstroieksport takes part in work to stabilise the shelter and improve its nuclear safety. In May 2005, the Russian government made the decisions on the participation of the Rosatom agency in the activity of the Chernobyl fund Shelter and bankrolling 10 million dollars to it. Another decision was to form a Russian-Ukrainian working group for arranging the long-term dry storage of non-hermetic and damaged spent nuclear fuel. Russia is ready to take part in the modernisation of the storage facility that was built in 1986 for fuel unloaded from reactor no.3, in the search for a technology of handling non-hermetic and damaged nuclear fuel, the development of an alternative variant of storing spent fuel from the Chernobyl plant, and manufacture and use of TUK-85 containers for “dry” storage of spent fuel. © ITAR-TASS. All rights reserved. You undertake not to copy, ***************************************************************** 44 ITAR-TASS: Relatives allowed to visit Chernobyl self-settlers 25.04.2006, 14.13 KIEV, April 25 (Itar-Tass) -- Relatives of the so-called Chernobyl self- settlers, who live in the Chernobyl exclusion zone, have been allowed to visit the self-settlers for the first time over the past twenty years. Official statistics put the number of the self-settlers at 350, but unofficially, 1,000 people actually live in abandoned settlements within the 30-kilometer exclusion zone. After the Chernobyl nuclear explosion in April, 1986 more than 52,000 families (around 150,000 people from 178 settlements) were resettled from the radiation contaminated territories declared an exclusion zone. By January 1, 2006 more than 7.350 families affected by the Chernobyl disaster had moved to new houses. According to the data released by the Ukrainian government, a total of 44,191 families who suffered from the Chernobyl blast had been on a waiting list for housing by January 1, 2006. More than one billion dollars is needed yet to solve the housing problem, the Ukrainian government admitted. Ukraine continues paying compensations to Chernobyl survivors for lost property. Housing shortages confronted by the resettled people caused some of them to return to their homes in the Chernobyl area. Thus, the settlement of Apachichi 20 kilometers off the damaged nuclear reactor is the most "densely" populated area in the exclusion zone, numbering fifteen old women and three old men. They raise vegetables and cattle, have bread and old age pension allowances regularly brought to the settlement. Sometimes, a doctor visits the brave people who live in the hazardous zone without fearing for their life. Recently, the Ukrainian president has visited the Chernobyl patriots, bringing them a cargo of flour and cereals. All the self-resettles have one common wish - to live the rest of the life in the home place. After April 26 the exclusion zone will be banned for visitors, and the relatives separated by the Chernobyl disaster will not see each other for a long time. © ITAR-TASS. All rights reserved. You undertake not to copy, ***************************************************************** 45 csmonitor.com: Still under Chernobyl's shadow April 26, 2006 edition ROUNDUP: A scientist checks radiation levels in Vorotets, Belarus, one of many villages still contaminated by fallout from the 1986 nuclear accident. VIKTOR DRACHEV/AFP/GETTY IMAGES Twenty years after the disaster, hard-hit Belarus has yet to get substantial aid. By Fred Weir | Correspondent of The Christian Science Monitor SVETILOVICHI, BELARUS  When the Chernobyl nuclear reactor exploded 20 years ago, pouring radiation equivalent to more than 100 Hiroshima bombs into the air, the people of this small agricultural village a few miles downwind didn't flee. "No one warned us about the danger. We were left in the dark," says Alexander Malinovsky, a boy at the time. No effort was ever made to evacuate people from Svetilovichi, says Mr. Malinovsky, who still farms his father's small plot here, deep inside Belarus's highly contaminated "exclusion zone." And little has been done since to help them adjust, he adds. In the two decades since one of the world's worst environmental disasters, gobal attention - and aid - has largely focused on Ukraine, where the Chernobyl plant is located. But the plight of Belarus, where 70 percent of Chernobyl's nuclear fallout descended, is less well known. Over a fifth of the country is still considered heavily contaminated, with 1.5 million people living in those areas. Some, like the Malinovskys, inhabit dangerous hot spots that authorities have sealed off with barbed-wire - which are reachable only by negotiating special police checkpoints. Dozens of shuttered and crumbling houses along Svetilovichi's main street suggest that many people have left town. But others, like Mr. Malinovsky and his family, say they have nowhere else to go. "This is the land of my ancestors and I'll stay, whether it's good or bad," insists Malinovsky, who ekes out a living by hiring out his horse to plow fields and haul goods. His wife, Gertruda, earns about $100 per month as a milkmaid at a local collective farm. Little foreign aid: whose fault? Many people here fault President Alexander Lukashenko for the lack of international attention to Belarus's crushing nuclear legacy. Unlike democratic and relatively open Ukraine, Belarus has had trouble securing international aid. "Lukashenko has effectively put an end to foreign aid by putting too many bureaucratic controls on it," says Vassily Yakovenko, chairman of the Chernobyl Social-Ecological Union, a grass-roots group based in the capital, Minsk. "He doesn't want foreigners here, so he keeps them out." The authoritarian leader, who has ruled the country since 1994, has deflected the blame onto Western countries. "Belarus didn't build Chernobyl, didn't exploit it, and didn't explode it," Mr. Lukashenko told journalists following his March reelection, in polls that international observers deemed fraudulent. "But we were the hardest hit.... Could Belarus have coped with this on its own? Instead of spending $100 billion on war, the United States might have helped us. But they don't want to." In late March, the US and the European Union slapped sanctions on Belarus, citing Lukashenko's crackdown on the political opposition. Opposition leader Alexander Milinkevich, who has visited several Western countries since his defeat last month, said Tuesday that officials he's met on trips abroad have expressed concern about Chernobyl's consequences. "Democratic countries have a sufficient ability to help - they are interested in helping us," Mr. Milinkevich said at an opposition-organized conference in Gomel, the Belarussian city nearest to Chernobyl. "But it is difficult to work with us. Going through all the departments is torture." Observers say that bureaucratic hassle may explain delays in projects such as a $50 million World Bank initiative to bring natural-gas supplies to people in isolated villages in the exclusion zone. But deputy chair of the official State Chernobyl Committee, Valery Sevchuk, blames such delays on political maneuvering. "The attitude of Western organizations toward Belarus creates obstacles to cooperation. After all, Chernobyl is one thing; politics ought to be something different." According to Mr. Sevchuk's committee, known as KomChernobyl, Belarus spends up to $1 billion annually dealing with the consequences of Chernobyl. "Foreign investment is very low, and we have to carry most of the burden ourselves," says Mr. Sevchuk. Numerous nongovernmental organizations within Belarus working on Chernobyl-related issues have run into trouble. Mr. Yakovenko, of the Chernobyl Social-Ecological Union, says that growing state controls over independent activity make it difficult for his group to accomplish anything. "We are allowed to exist formally, but it's like being in a vacuum," he says. "It's impossible to obtain any information from official sources, and there are almost no other civil-society groups that we might work with. Whatever we try to do, the government either takes [it] over or shuts [it] down." [(Map)] SOURCE: SWISS AGENCY FOR DEVELOPMENT AND COOPERATION; AP One problem is determining the extent of the public health threat posed by radiation. A report issued by the UN's International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) last year calculated that only 50 deaths can be attributed to the accident, with perhaps 4,000 more in years to come. The governments of both Belarus and Ukraine dispute that finding and say the death rate has been much higher among the 2 million then-Soviet citizens who were officially classed as "victims of Chernobyl." Reporters on the Job The Monitor gives the story behind the story. In the Monitor Wednesday, 04/26/06 Still under Chernobyl's shadow A US bid to ease gas prices In Egypt, resurgence of militant Islamists In Nepal's democratic revival, Maoist rebels dubious Editorial: Creeping toward oil as a social good More stories... Get all the Monitor's headlines by e-mail. Subscribe for free. E-mail this story Write a letter to the Editor Printer-friendly version Permission to reprint/republish "Our studies indicate that 34,499 people who took part in the cleanup of Chernobyl have died in the years since the catastrophe," Nikolai Omelyanets, deputy head of Ukraine's National Commission for Radiation Protection, told journalists last month. "All the information we sent to the IAEA has been ignored for some reason." Other groups, including Greenpeace, have put the number closer to 100,000. Oleg Gromyko, head of Belarus's tiny Green Party, says no serious public health studies have been done on people living in the exclusion zone around his home city of Gomel, which includes Svetilovichi. "The damage to this region has hardly been counted yet," he says. "We do not have scientific data, but all anecdotal evidence suggests it's very bad." In his own family, four of his six siblings died young - three of cancer, he says. "We were all exposed to Chernobyl, but here I am, hale and hearty. That shows you how hard it is to get a handle on this," Mr. Gromyko explains. "Since there is no solid information, people don't know what to believe." One group of Belarussian scientists who did try to accurately measure the effects of long-term radiation exposure in the population was broken up four years ago by the authorities and its leaders imprisoned. According to a report issued by Yakovenko's group, the group - experts with the nongovernmental Institute of Radiation Security in Minsk - had angered the government by publishing radiation figures for many Belarussian areas that were far above official estimates. Radioactive food Mr. Gromyko, whose now-abandoned ancestral village of Gromyki is deep inside the exclusion zone, says much of the land that was declared too radioactive for use is being steadily turned back into farmland under orders from Lukashenko. He points out two large dairy farms inside the zone near Svetilovichy which appear to be operative. Mr. Sevchuk, of the official KomChernobyl, insists that all foodstuffs are carefully controlled, and that little contaminated produce makes it to market. "What we can control, we do control," he says. "We have 2,000 laboratories all over Belarus that are constantly checking for violations. We still have problems, but we are managing." But Yakovenko says that radiation in foodstuffs is growing as farmland is brought back into production. The authorities have gotten around this, he says, by raising the maximum level of radiation allowed in food four- or five-fold. "Statistics from this government can't be trusted," he concludes. None of this makes much difference to Malinovsky, who grows most of the food his family consumes, and never bothers to have it checked for radiation. "A few years ago, officials came around and told us to get rid of our cows, that drinking the milk was very dangerous," he says. "But what are we supposed to do? There's no work around here, so we have to live on our means. Maybe the food is radioactive, but we still need to eat."  Olga Podolskaya contributed reporting from Minsk. Material from the wires was also used. www.csmonitor.com | Copyright © 2006 The Christian Science Monitor. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 46 Public Citizen: Chernobyl Anniversary Serves as Reminder of Dangers of Nuclear Power April 24, 2006 No New Nuclear Power Plants Should Be Built; Renewable Technologies Are Capable of Meeting Our Energy Needs and Addressing Climate Change Statement of Michele Boyd, Legislative Director of Public Citizens Energy Program Twenty years ago, the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear station in the Ukraine served as a catastrophic reminder of the dangers of nuclear power. More than 400,000 people in the Ukraine, Russia and Belarus were evacuated, according to government estimates, and several million people were exposed to significant levels of radioactive fallout. About 25,000 of the 600,000 emergency responders have since died as a result of radiation exposure. The contamination has rendered 4,440 square kilometers of agricultural land and 6,820 square kilometers of forests in Belarus and the Ukraine unusable. People, especially children, throughout the Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia, as well as Western Europe, are still suffering from the health effects of this disaster. Despite its dangers, nuclear power has received renewed attention recently and is now being touted as a way to reduce emissions that contribute to global warming. With the support of the Bush administration and $13 billion in taxpayer subsidies in the Energy Policy Act of 2005, nuclear utilities are proposing to build new nuclear reactors at more than a dozen sites across the United States. This is a bad idea for several reasons. First, it would create large quantities of nuclear waste, which the nuclear industry still has not figured out how to dispose of. Second, it would make communities throughout the country newly vulnerable to nuclear accidents. Third, it would encourage nuclear weapons proliferation by generating large amounts of plutonium, which would be vulnerable to theft or diversion. Moreover, because of high capital costs, a lengthy construction process and polluting waste, new nuclear reactors are one of the least effective options for reducing carbon emissions. Renewable energy  which includes solar, wind, advanced hydro, certain types of biomass and geothermal energy  can be harnessed more quickly and cheaply, and without significant carbon emissions, destructive mining or radioactive waste. According to  based on the work of governments, universities and other organizations in the United States, Europe and Japan, a diverse mix of existing renewable technologies can meet U.S. energy needs over the coming decades. Twenty years after the Chernobyl disaster, the risks of nuclear power are all the more evident. The United States should leave nuclear technology behind and immediately and comprehensively embrace renewable energy. ### Public Citizen ***************************************************************** 47 AU ABC: Chernobyl cited in no nuclear power call. 26/04/2006. ABC News Online First Posted: Wednesday, April 26, 2006 . 6:00am --> Last Deadly legacy: The Greens say there is no reason to think Chernobyl could not happen again. [File photo] (Reuters) [ Chernobyl cited in no nuclear power call On the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the Federal Government has been urged to rethink its push for nuclear power. The Australian Greens say millions of people are living with the legacy of Chernobyl and it is foolish to think it cannot happen again. The Greens' energy spokeswoman, Tasmanian Senator Christine Milne, says instead of exporting uranium to China, Australia should leave it in the ground. "It is not safe to be exporting uranium for nuclear power, first of all because of the dangers associated with nuclear power and also because we cannot deal with nuclear waste and we cannot guarantee that that uranium won't find its way into weapons programs," she said. In 1986, two explosions ripped through one of Chernobyl's reactors, spewing a huge radioactive cloud into the air. The United Nations says between 4,000 and 9,000 people can be expected to die as a direct result of the accident. Environmental groups put the figure at 100,000 and higher. The victims of the disaster are being remembered through vigils and protests around the world. Exhibition In Australia, a special exhibition is on view on Canberra, Melbourne and Perth. Stefan Romaniw, from the Australian Federation of Ukrainian Organisations, says the exhibition is called '20 years, 20 lives' and has come to Australia specially for today. Mr Romaniw says it is hoped all Australians will be reminded of the dangers involved when there are no checks and balances on nuclear power. He says many Chernobyl survivors and their children in Australia and are still feeling the impact. "That sort of trauma that people go through is something shocking," he said. "To sort of have to think about falling pregnant and for that period of time, 'How's my child going to be born and is it going to be deformed' is a shocking thing." In other developments: + The 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster will be marked with vigils and protests throughout the former Soviet Union. (Full Story) ***************************************************************** 48 The Australian: Plea to remember Chernobyl victims | | + NEWS.com.au This story is from our news.com.au network Source: AAP By Denis Peters and Brad Watt April 25, 2006 AUSTRALIANS have been urged to remember the devastation and suffering caused by the Chernobyl catastrophe that claimed many lives in eastern Europe. On the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster, Australia's Ukrainian community says the tragedy continues to silently claim victims. A UN report last year stated that only 56 died in the disaster but thousands of Europeans continue to suffer debilitating health effects of the nuclear meltdown that occurred in the northern Ukraine on April 26, 1986. "As time goes on, people's lives continue to be severely affected," Australian Federation of Ukrainian Organisations (AFUO) chairman Stefan Romaniw said. "The lesson and impact of this tragedy and its real outcomes tend to be forgotten by governments and non-government agencies." Mr Romaniw said because Soviet officials refused to release details of the victims, the official death toll from the nuclear reactor explosion remained a mystery. "(It) creates a total false sense of security on what happened, its total impact, the real consequences," Mr Romaniw said. "They instil a false sense of security and are seen by some as being somewhat irresponsible. "We need to stop the rot of complacency and devaluing the effects on human life and the environment 20 years after Chernobyl." Governor-General Major General Michael Jeffery said that while much had been achieved in the two decades since the disaster, health and welfare concerns remained for tens of thousands of children and adults who were present at the time of the disaster. "In some cases, their lives have not changed for the better and the aftermath of Chernobyl may well continue to cloud their future," Maj-Gen Jeffery said. Greens senator Christine Milne said the anniversary was a stark reminder of how dangerous nuclear power is and why Australia needed to take a cautious approach. "Millions of people are living with the legacy, while the ageing sarcophagus encasing the reactor threatens to collapse and send another plume of radioactive dust across Europe," she said. "The 20th anniversary of the disaster should prompt reconsideration by all those in the Howard government and Labor opposition advocating the export of Australian uranium for nuclear power as a solution to climate change. "It is foolish to think that accidents such as Chernobyl cannot happen again." ***************************************************************** 49 FOXNews.com - Chernobyl: A Living Disaster - Tuesday, April 25, 2006 Dana Lewis Twenty miles out and 20 years later, you pass the first thinly staffed police checkpoint. Not everyone can get into Chernobyl. You have to register with government authorities and written permission to enter the dead zone. For miles, it's the same foreboding empty streets and boarded up homes of an all but deserted Chernobyl, Ukraine. And as you get closer and closer to the infamous nuclear Reactor No. 4, radiation detectors, (an essential tool in your journey) begin to beep incessantly. Is Chernobyl still dangerous today? You bet. Radiation levels around the 25-story high concrete 'sarcophagus' that contain it are 80 to 1,000 times the norm. Imagine what it was like on April 26, 1986. The low power test of the reactor was supposed to be routine. But the old Soviet reactor, notoriously unstable at low power settings, went out of control. A violent explosion blew off the roof of the 2,000-ton reactor. And for 10 days emergency crews used shovels and water, and then lead and sand and finally nitrogen to kill the fire. For days the Soviet government in Moscow lied to the world and to their own people. In his Kiev apartment, 53-year-old Anatoly Zakharov displays his medals and his scars from Chernobyl. He was a firefighter 20 years ago, unfortunate enough to be based on the Chernobyl grounds. He heard the blast as the reactor was torn apart. As radiation spewed from the building he fought the fire and knew he was where no one should be. "There was graphite lying all over," Zakharov said. "Several tons of uranium lying around. There was fear inside us all as we knew we were dying there. A metal taste in my mouth and it felt like someone was touching my body all over from inside, muscles, bones, everything." As the Soviets delayed in telling the real story, and as a radioactive cloud spread across Europe and as far away as Japan, Zakharov left his hospital bed where he was being treated for radiation and burns. He went to Pripyat, a town of 50,000 people ten minutes away, to tell his family the truth and get them out. "They didn't want to panic us by telling us what really happened. But they should have," he said. "Because then people would have gotten out in hours instead of in days." Pripyat is still abandoned today. A children's amusement park that was due to open a few days after the explosion still stands. The bumper cars, the swing ride, creek in the wind that potentially blows radioactive dust before it. The kindergarten is like it was 20 years ago. Children's toys intermingled with gas masks littering the ground. Apparently the gas masks were in emergency storage and removed after the children had long since been moved away. Kids and parents in the town were all told it was just a fire, and they would be back in days. They would never be back and their pets, cats and dogs they were ordered to leave behind, were later shot in a cleanup operation. As many as 600,000 so called "liquidators" were moved in to the area to cleanse what radioactive material they could. Most of them were young Soviet soldiers, some of them ordered to what was left of the reactor roof to work in shifts of 25 seconds to a minute to shovel radioactive waste. "Look at the soldier's faces, young, 18 to 20, every minute they spent there was fatal and it took their health and their life away," a tour guide at the Chernobyl museum in Kiev tells a group of high school students. No one can agree on how many people will die from Chernobyl. Some experts say no more than 4,000. Others say tens of thousands because cancer creeps slowly and only in the next 20 years will we see the real consequences from the reactor meltdown. But what's incredible is that Chernobyl is still a living disaster. Yulia Marusich calls herself the voice of Chernobyl. She works just a thousand feet away from reactor number four in an office with a high-tech model of what it now looks like inside. It shows twisted, tangled metal. Most of the reactor rooms are still inaccessible. She says the sarcophagus was only supposed to be temporary. Today it has more than 15,000 square feet of holes in it. More than four tons of radioactive dust inside is now exposed to rain water and wind. The U.S. was the largest donor pledging $200 million to build a new shelter that was supposed to be in place by 2008. But construction hasn't even started. And the existing sarcophagus could collapse at any time. "There is the threat of collapse," said a concerned Marusich, who takes some solace in the fact that, "if it were to collapse you wouldn't have a radiation release as big as 1986." Francis O'Sullivan is the main United Nations representative in Kiev. "It boggles the mind that in 20 years this has not been satisfactorily addressed. How do you explain to a generation that is growing up in this country today, let alone across Europe that a nuclear catastrophe happened and we haven't finished the cleanup operation?" he said. And there's more. Originally there were four reactors at Chernobyl. After Reactor No. 4 blew up, the other three were eventually shut down. Today they are still full of nuclear fuel. And no one has a plan yet to decommission them. Environmental groups use Chernobyl as an argument against nuclear power. But even those in favor of nuclear power generation admit that not one nuclear power station around the world has been decommissioned successfully. It's costly and technically challenging because experts say there is no way to fully decontaminate the site from nuclear waste. Nearby there is a graveyard of vehicles used in the Chernobyl catastrophe: 2,000 helicopters and fire trucks and even the buses that evacuated and relocated some 200 thousand people. The first thing you notice in that graveyard is all the hoods are open. Look closer and the engines are gone. The security guard says there have been a lot of looters, but the local administration has also been selling off the contaminated engines. Where are they now? No one knows. Firefighter Anatoly Zakharov's truck is likely there in that field. Of the 28 firefighters first on the scene with him that morning in 1986, 12 of them are dead. Today Zakharov shows us scars on his leg from radiation burns, his knee where a cancerous tumor was recently removed and says he spends up to a month in hospital every year getting blood transfusions and bone marrow transplants. "Just before my friends died, they all said the same thing: their bones hurt and it hurt just to move." Zakharov said. "That's how I feel now." Twenty years after Chernobyl. For the land and the lives it's touched, Chernobyl is a living disaster. FOXNEWS.COM HOME > WORLD ***************************************************************** 50 Guardian Unlimited: A Worker Recalls the Chernobyl Disaster From the Associated Press [UP] Tuesday April 25, 2006 5:01 PM AP Photo XEL104 By ANNA MELNICHUK Associated Press Writer KIEV, Ukraine (AP) - As the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster approached, Yuri Andreyev remembered his exams for a job at the nuclear power plant. Asked to propose a scenario of a reactor explosion, he says he offered three - and was rebuked. ``Keep it in your mind, man - Soviet reactors cannot explode,'' the examiners told him. On April 26, 1986, they were proved dreadfully wrong. One of Chernobyl's four reactors blew up in the world's worst nuclear disaster. When Andreyev awoke that Saturday, a few hours after the blast, word was already on the street. His agitated wife, Alla, told him traders were being advised not to sell vegetables because of radiation. But his examiners had told him it couldn't happen, and he brushed off the news as rumors. He took his 2-year-old daughter, Elina, out to play on her tricycle and saw a typical spring day in Pripyat, the city built for Chernobyl's workers. People were sunbathing and sipping beers. Grandmothers watched little kids playing in sandboxes. Then he saw policemen with radiation detectors and grew uneasy. When the police refused to show him their readings, his suspicions grew and he headed to the town outskirts. In the distance was shattered Reactor No. 4, smoke spewing above it, ambulances and buses rushing from the plant. ``I got scared - first of all because of my daughter, grasped her and ran home. I told my wife not to go outside and to close all the windows,'' Andreyev said. Then he took the bus to work at Reactor No. 2. From the bus window, as they passed stricken No. 4, ``I felt its deadly breath.'' He saw firefighters spraying water that simply evaporated. The reactor building's roof was so hot it glowed red. Firemen were sinking to their ankles in melted asphalt, he said. At his own job site, chaos prevailed. Five hundred yards away, water poured from pipes, causing a short circuit in the No. 2 reactor that could have triggered another explosion. Much of the water apparently was radioactive, Andreyev said. ``Those who walked in this water had the skin peeled from their legs in a week.'' ``The water was coming and coming, and nobody knew how to switch the reactor off,'' Andreyev said. As a senior engineer in the plant, he had to figure out what to do. He submitted a plan over the telephone to top plant officials holed up in the plant's bomb shelter. it worked: his studies had paid off. Coming back to Pripyat, he saw huge crowds at the pier on the Pripyat River, shoving to board boats. Some of the boats grew so crowded that windows shattered. Andreyev's wife and daughter were evacuated to Russia the next day. Chernobyl's staff was down from 6,000 to about 800. Andreyev was among them, living with other workers in a commandeered children's summer camp near Kiev and being driven 75 miles to the plant every day. It was grueling work, cooling switched-off reactors No. 1 and 2. He repeatedly fainted, and doctors repeatedly declared him healthy. His vocal cords were burned by radiation and he is still slightly hoarse. He also has a blood disorder, but at age 56 his spirit is strong. Retired in 1989, he now heads an advocacy group for some 400,000 people who were displaced or made ill by the disaster. ``I'm still alive, regardless of everything,'' Andreyev said with a smile. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2006 ***************************************************************** 51 Guardian Unlimited: 20 Years Later, Chernobyl's Scars Remain From the Associated Press [UP] Tuesday April 25, 2006 7:31 PM AP Photo XOB201 By ANNA MELNICHUK Associated Press Writer KIEV, Ukraine (AP) - Ukrainians tried to make sense Tuesday of the Chernobyl nuclear plant explosion through scientific conferences, humanitarian missions and in quiet recollection of an event that still scars this ex-Soviet republic 20 years later. The April 26, 1986, explosion and fire, to be commemorated in the capital with pealing bells and a minute's silence, became the world's worst nuclear accident as it spewed radioactive fallout for 10 days over 77,220 square miles of the then-Soviet Union and Europe. ``The whole country grieves, and the whole world joins us in this grief,'' said Lena Makarova, 27, one of many Ukrainians to visit the Chernobyl museum in Kiev on the eve of the anniversary. President Viktor Yushchenko planned to attend a solemn, candlelit memorial service near a small church built to commemorate Chernobyl victims in Kiev, where bells were to toll 20 times starting at 1:23 a.m. Wednesday, marking the exact time when plant workers set off the alarm at Reactor No. 4 at the Chernobyl nuclear power station two decades ago. The explosion tore off the plant's roof, releasing about 400 times more radiation than the U.S. atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima. Death tolls connected to the blast remain hotly debated, as do the long-term health effects. At least 31 people died as a direct result of trying to keep the fire from spreading to the plant's three other operating reactors. One plant worker was killed instantly and his body has never been recovered, 29 rescuers, firefighters and plant workers died later from radiation poisoning and burns and another person died of an apparent heart attack. Some 350,000 people were evacuated forever from their homes, leaving a whole city, Pripyat, and dozens of villages to decay and rot away. About 5 million people live in areas covered by the radioactive fallout, in Ukraine, neighboring Belarus and Russia. Thousands have been diagnosed with thyroid cancer, one of the only internationally accepted illnesses linked to Chernobyl, and the U.N. health agency said about 9,300 people were likely to die of cancers caused by radiation. Some groups, however, including Greenpeace, have warned that death tolls could be 10 times higher than the U.N. agency predicted, accusing it of whitewashing the impact of the most serious nuclear accident in human history as a bid to restore trust in the safety of atomic power. Radiation and health experts from international bodies including the International Atomic Energy Agency, the World Health Organization, the European Commission and the United Nations, gathered for the second day Tuesday in central Kiev to discuss what the world has learned from Chernobyl - and what it can do to prevent a similar tragedy. The head of the IAEA, the U.N. nuclear watchdog, stressed the importance of international cooperation on nuclear safety matters. ``In remembering the Chernobyl accident, we should renew our determination to ensure that such a tragedy will not happen again,'' IAEA chief Mohamed ElBaradei said in a statement, adding the explosions ``made painfully clear that the safety risks associated with nuclear and radiological activities extend beyond national borders.'' Another conference, hosted by Yushchenko's American-born wife, Kateryna, discussed the humanitarian challenges of the catastrophe. Senior officials from the International Red Cross, which provides free testing for thyroid cancer visited one of their mobile testing units outside of Kiev. ``Chernobyl is not just a Ukrainian problem, it's a disaster of international magnitude,'' said Markiyan Lubkivskiy, a presidential adviser on humanitarian issues. European Green parties and environmentalists held their own conference in Kiev, raising concerns about the safety of nuclear energy and warning that the world should heed the lessons of Chernobyl and not build more nuclear power plants. ``There is no technology with such a high risk,'' said Ralf Fuchs of the Berlin-based Heinrich Boll Foundation, which helped sponsored the conference. ``Instead of dreaming up new nuclear power plants, it would be much more profitable to invest money in energy saving and new energy efficiency.'' The United Nations has said the aim now should be to reduce the feeling of malaise and doom that grips many in the affected region ``I don't want it to happen again,'' said Yevheniy Tyutyunnyk, a 19-year-old student as he looked through the often grim exhibits in the Kiev Chernobyl museum, whose hallways are lined with sign posts representing the radiation-dead villages around the region. --- Associated Press writers Natasha Lisova and Mara D. Bellaby contributed to this report from Kiev. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2006 ***************************************************************** 52 Guardian Unlimited: Chernobyl Widows Still Cope With Loss From the Associated Press [UP] Tuesday April 25, 2006 9:31 AM AP Photo XAZ508 By NATASHA LISOVA Associated Press Writer KIEV, Ukraine (AP) - Once a year, Ukrainian widows board a train for the more than 500-mile train journey to the Mitinskoye cemetery in Moscow to visit their loved ones in their lead-encased coffins. Twenty-nine firefighters, rescuers and nuclear plant workers died in the two months following the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, which happened 20 years ago Wednesday. Although the Ukrainians could now be reburied in their native soil, the widows are resolved to leave them lying together alongside their dead co-workers from other parts of the former Soviet Union. Those whose husbands were plant workers have had to cope not just with bereavement, but with the memory of a Soviet government that blamed them for the accident. Their families received smaller death benefits than those of the firefighters, who were officially praised for their heroism. The Soviet Union is long gone and the widows hope their husbands will be vindicated in time. In the meantime, they stick together for moral support, especially this week as they make their annual journey of mourning - alone, or with families. ``It is an opportunity to share our memories,'' said Nataliya Lopatyuk, 41, whose husband, a plant electrician, died from radiation poisoning. ``All of us came through this grief.'' Minutes after the April 26, 1986, explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear plant, Viktor Lopatyuk and a co-worker turned off a hydrogen generator, localizing the explosion at the fourth reactor. They wore no protective suits or masks. Lopatyuk was one of the victims rushed to Moscow for treatment and because his body was considered highly radioactive and a potential risk. His wife, Nataliya, was 21 years old and eight months pregnant when her husband left for his overnight shift and didn't come back. After hearing rumors of the disaster, she made frantic calls and was finally told Viktor was safe and in the hospital. They had 15 minutes together before he was taken to the Russian capital. The next time she saw him was 15 days later in the Moscow hospital, where the doctors and nurses wore special suits to protect themselves from their highly radioactive patients. Viktor looked better, and he tried to reassure his wife, noting that unlike some of his co-workers, he still had his hair. The hope was short-lived. Within two days, Viktor had gone completely bald, with terrible burns bubbling up on his arms. ``I could see his bones,'' his widow recalled. He died on May 16, less than three weeks before the birth of his daughter, Yulia. Nataliya has since remarried and has raised Yulia to be proud of her father and his colleagues. Had they not turned off that generator, Yulia says, ``Me, you and millions of other people would not exist.'' At least 19 other Chernobyl plant workers and liquidators diagnosed with radiation poisoning have died since 1987, and others have reportedly died from leukemia and other illnesses. They have been buried separately, rather than in the Moscow cemetery where the initial victims were laid to rest amid heavy precautions - such as the lead coffins - for fear of radiation contamination. Lyudmila Shashenok still struggles with her loss. Twenty years ago, she was awakened by a phone call and told to run to the hospital emergency room. Her husband had been injured in an accident at the plant. At first, Shashenok thought that it was nothing serious - her husband, Volodymyr, had told her many times that his engineering job wasn't dangerous. But when Shashenok saw him at the hospital, she was horrified. ``It was not my husband at all, it was a swollen blister,'' she said. He was connected to a breathing apparatus, but Shashenok, a nurse, knew the situation was hopeless. ``I told him, 'This is the end, Volodya.''' He was buried two days later in a village cemetery near Chernobyl, but Shashenok wasn't there. She had been evacuated from her home, and officials didn't notify her of the burial. More than a year later, Shashenok was reburied in Moscow, in a lead-encased coffin under concrete slabs. Shashenok, who has not remarried, recalls that on the apartment building where she lived in Pripyat, a town built specially for the station's workers, was an inscription: ``Let the atom be a worker, not a soldier.'' ``I never thought the atom would kill my husband,'' she said. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2006 ***************************************************************** 53 London Times: Lessons from Chernobyl - Comment - Times Online Sir, April 26 marks the 20th anniversary of the world's biggest nuclear accident. There are many current reports of the effects of Chernobyl, but what has been most striking is the lack of agreement. For example, the International Atomic Energy Authority and World Health Organisation predict 4,000 deaths because of exposure to radiation, while the International Agency for Research on Cancer cite 16,000 and Greenpeace predict 90,000. Newspaper reports suggest that there have been 500,000 Chernobyl deaths in Ukraine. Much attention has been given to the dramatic increase in thyroid cancer and all reports agree that the main cause of death is likely to be cancers of other tissues, yet there have been no comprehensive, co-ordinated studies looking at all the possible health consequences of the accident. This is in contrast to Nagasaki and Hiroshima, where the Radiation Effects Research Foundation showed that the main increase in most types of cancer and non-cancer diseases only became apparent many years after exposure to radiation from the atomic bombs. It is essential that a similar institute is created to follow the long-term effects of Chernobyl. There is a loss of public confidence in the ability of the IAEA and the WHO to deal fairly with Chernobyl-related matters. A "Chernobyl effects research foundation" could be directly created by the UN, supported by a UN fund derived from a levy on the nuclear industry and with contributions from "nuclear" governments. The foundation, which could be based in the UN university, would have an independent scientific governing body. Until this is done, speculation based on unsubstantiated figures will continue. We hope that the Chernobyl tragedy will never be repeated. But the suffering of those already affected by the accident should not be compounded by a failure to provide future generations with an accurate account of its effects. SIR DILLWYN WILLIAMS Emeritus Professor of Histopathology University of Cambridge DR JUNE CROWN Chair, Medact Copyright 2006 Times Newspapers Ltd. ***************************************************************** 54 ForUm: President Yushchenko presided over the meeting on Chernobyl News / 25 April 2006 | 10:40 Victor Yushchenko and his wife took part in a ceremony to open an international conference “Twenty Years After Chornobyl Accident. Future Outlook.” In his speech, the Head of State said “the Chornobyl accident has affected many countries and the international community must thereby unite tocope with its devastating aftereffects.” “The global scale of the Chornobyl tragedy neglects national borders and political arguments and forces us to address many problems we face now and will definitely face in the future,” he said, adding that Ukraine appreciated the support of its international partners. (He particularly thanked the UNESCO Chornobyl Program, which helped open three rehabilitation centers for children.) Yushchenko said he was convinced that participants of today’s conference “will frankly and substantially exchange opinions and thoughts in order to outline priorities of the post-Chornobyl rehabilitation and development.” He reiterated that Ukraine had lost USD 15 bln over the past twenty years to cope with the aftermath of the disaster, the president press office informed. “Obviously, we cannot resolve these problems alone. Experts claim Ukraine’s damage would be estimated at USD 170 bln by 2015,” he said. The Head of State said Ukraine was observing nuclear safety rules and so urged all members of the Ottawa Memorandum to help our country stop the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant. He also insisted that they should spare no effort to build a new shelter: “We must spare no effort to make the CNPP an environmentally safe place. We must realize that delays can cost us too much.” The President also said we should forget the Chornobyl stereotypes and look at the zone anew. He suggested that we carry out scientific research in this area: “It is time to create a multifunctional scientific institute to study all the problems of Chornobyl. It is also vital to renew the polluted territories.” Victor Yushchenko then said it was necessaryto conduct an international donor conference in Ukraine to outline new modes of cooperation. He urged the EU, UNO, and UNESCO to support this initiative and become co-founders of the forum. “It is now important to develop Chornobylrather than protect it,” he opined. The Chief of State said the world must learn its lesson from the Chornobyl tragedy to prevent such disasters: “Today, we put human and environmental safety first. These principles are really important to me.” He also urged all to light candles on April 26, 9 AM, to honor the Chornobyl victims. Yuriy Yekhanurov, Ukraine’s Premier, Victor Baloha, Emergency Minister, Kemal Dervis, Head of the UN Development Program and Chair of the UN Development Group, Benita Ferrero-Waldner, EU Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, Koďchiro Matsuura, UNESCO Director General, Tomihiro Taniguchi, IAEA Deputy Director General, Suzanne Weber-Mosdorf, WHO Assistant Director General, and Eladio Fernandez-Galiano, Secretary of the EUR-OPA Major Hazards Agreement of the Council of Europe, attended the conference. Victor Yushchenko hopes Ukraine will successfully build a safe shelter and a nuclear waste depository in Chornobyl. Following today’s meeting with G8 ambassadors, the Head of State said it was time to carry out development, rehabilitation and health programs in the disaster zone. He added that Ukraine and its international partners should jointly create natural preserves, re-cultivate soils, and produce biological fuel in Chornobyl. “We want to initiate a new international conference to start new Chornobyl policies,” he said. The President said they might begin building the shelter this summer, adding that Ukraine had enough money to implement this project. Mr. Yushchenko insisted that a company that would be chosen to build it must observe the terms of the contract so that the facilityshould protect the area for at least one hundred years. He also said Ukraine was going to create an international scientific institute to study the problems of the Chornobyl zone. The conference, which is being held in Kyiv on April 24-26, was organized by Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, European Commission, IAEA, WHO, UNDP, Council of Europe, European Center of Technological Safety, Ukraine 3000, Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (France), and GRS (Germany). It is intentto strengthen and improve the world’s nuclear and radioactive safety. All rights are reserved by © LTD. Inter-Media, ForUm 2001-2006 ***************************************************************** 55 Bellona: Member of the European Parliament wants IAEA off Chernobyl subject KYIV - Rebecca Harms, MEP, Group of the Greens/European Free Alliance, says IAEA is biased and wants the international nuclear watchdog off the Chernobyl subject. Rebecca Harms has slammed down on the International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, recent statements which considerably diminish the effects of the Chernobyl consequences. Rashid Alimov Rashid Alimov, Igor Kudrik, 2006-04-24 15:10 Rebecca Harms, who is taking part in Chernobyl+20 NGO conference in Kyiv, the Ukraine, has slammed down on the International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, recent statements which considerably diminish the effects of the Chernobyl consequences. “I really hope that in my job, as a member of the European Parliament, is to develop enough pressure on the European Commission, so that they are forced to make sure that IAEA does not continue as a responsible board for science on Chernobyl consequences", says Rebecca Harms to Bellona web. "They are not independent, they are working in favour or close to nuclear industry, their job is from the very beginning to spread nuclear power all around the world. So they are in favour [of nuclear power], and that has strange results, they made a falsification of the WHO [World Health Organisation] studies concerning the Chernobyl consequences.” The Ukrainian and international environmental groups outraged by the IAEA treatment of the Chernobyl disaster staged a protest. Igor Kudrik "Shame on UN, IAEA!" Parallel to the NGO conference, the Ukrainian authorities are holding their own conference on the Chernobyl consequences. The Ukrainian and international environmental groups outraged by the IAEA treatment of the Chernobyl disaster staged a protest Monday, carrying banners “Shame on UN, IAEA” and “Send IAEA to Chernobyl.” Alexander Nikitin, head of Bellona in Russia, who was taking part in the protest, also says that the role of the IAEA should be revised. Alexander Nikitin: A lot of people in the IAEA are inventing norms, which in fact lead to development of nuclear industry and to further nuclear problems. Igor Kudrik “A lot of people in the IAEA are inventing norms, which in fact lead to development of nuclear industry and to further nuclear problems. I have a feeling that they are authorized to many things, but have a way too little output. For that what happened in the North Korea and Iran, IAEA should be dismissed as an institute,” says Alexander Nikitin to Bellona web. Rebecca Harms says the European Commission should be responsible to draw consequences towards IAEA. “I hope that during these days in Kyiv we can make enough pressure on decision makers in Europe, so that we’re able during the next month to set up independent science to work on Chernobyl effects,” says Rebecca Harms. “I really hope that Ukrainian citizens will not follow the ideas of nuclear industry and their actual government to go in future for nuclear power, there is a lot of alternatives. It’s difficult process, but it’s a better and a safer future without nuclear power,” adds Rebecca Harms who also attended the protest staged in Kiyv. Publisher: , President: Information: , Technical contact: Telephone: +47 23 23 46 00 Telefax: +47 22 38 38 62 * P.O.Box 2141 Grunerlokka, 0505 Oslo, Norway ***************************************************************** 56 NRC: NRC to Discuss 2005 Performance at Comanche Peak Nuclear Plant News Release - Region IV - 2006-00 U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION Office of Public Affairs, Region IV No. IV-06-004 April 25, 2006 CONTACT: Victor Dricks Phone: 817-860-8128 E-mail: opa4@nrc.gov safety performance at the Comanche Peak nuclear plant during 2005. The 6 p.m. meeting at the Somervell County Expo Center, 202 Bo Gibbs Blvd., Glen Rose, Texas, is open to public observation. Before the session ends, NRC staff will be available to answer questions on the plants safety performance, as well as the agencys role in ensuring safe plant operation. Each year, the NRC assesses the performance of all of the nations commercial nuclear power plants, said Region IV Administrator Bruce S. Mallett. The meeting gives us an opportunity to discuss our findings with the company, local officials and members of the public. We look forward to meeting with members of the community and answering any questions they may have about our oversight. A letter sent from the NRC Region IV Office to plant officials addresses the performance of the plant during 2005 and will serve as the basis for the meeting discussion. It is available on the NRC web site at: http://www.nrc.gov/NRR/OVERSIGHT/ASSESS/LETTERS/cp_2005q4.pdf [PDF Icon] . Overall, Comanche Peak operated safely during the period. The NRC uses color-coded inspection findings and performance indicators to assess nuclear power plant performance. The colors start with green and then increase to white, yellow or red, commensurate with the safety significance of the issues involved. Because all of the inspection findings and performance indicators for the plant during the last quarter of 2005 were determined to be green, Comanche Peak will receive a baseline (or routine) level of inspections during the upcoming assessment period. In addition, the NRC staff will perform steam generator and reactor vessel head replacement inspections. Routine inspections are performed by two NRC Resident Inspectors assigned to the plant and by inspection specialists from the Region IV Office in Arlington, Texas. Among the areas of plant operations to be inspected during the next year by NRC specialists are emergency preparedness and radiological safety. Current performance information for Comanche Peak Unit 1 is available on the NRC web site at: http://www.nrc.gov/NRR/OVERSIGHT/ASSESS/CP1/cp1_chart.html. Current performance information for Comanche Peak Unit 2 is available at: http://www.nrc.gov/NRR/OVERSIGHT/ASSESS/CP2/cp2_chart.html. Last revised Tuesday, April 25, 2006 ***************************************************************** 57 RIA Novosti: CIS calls for global effort to ensure safety at Chernobyl site 25/ 04/ 2006 MOSCOW, April 25 (RIA Novosti) - The Commonwealth of Independent States issued an appeal Tuesday for the world to join efforts to build a new confinement shelter at the site of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. The heads of CIS states adopted the decision to publish the text of the appeal on the eve of the 20th anniversary of the world's worst civilian nuclear accident during a summit in the Russian city of Kazan in August 2005. The document said that although enormous efforts had been taken to deal with the disaster, "the Chernobyl nuclear power plant remains a source of potential danger in the center of Europe." A sarcophagus was built over the destroyed reactor after the accident, but needs to be replaced because cracks have been discovered. "Reducing this threat to the minimum in the near future and through the use of new technologies is in our common interests," the document said. "That is why it is necessary to combine the scientific and financial potential of the international community to increasing the safety of the shelter." Vast areas of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia, as well as northern Europe, were contaminated by the fallout of a reactor explosion in the fourth unit of the Chernobyl NPP in Ukraine on April 26, 1986. About 135,000 people were evacuated from within an 18-mile zone, which has left the surrounding area looking like a ghost town to this day. Many people, however, stayed or have returned to live there, even though radiation is still leaking from the site. "The situation in affected regions is very complicated following the destruction of environmental infrastructure, the outflow of the workforce and demographic problems," the document says. The statement, signed by the leaders of 12 CIS member states also said that the main efforts in dealing with the continuing aftermath of Chernobyl should be focused on the socio-economic rehabilitation of the affected areas. According to the officials from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), an institution that has been entrusted with the management of the Chernobyl Shelter Fund, the construction of the new, environmentally safe shelter will cost $768 million and it will contain what is left of the reactor for at least 100 years. The EBRD has announced a tender for the construction of the sarcophagus, but it is yet to be completed because the bidding offers estimate the costs of the project to be around $1 billion. The Fund so far has $900 mln. The Russian government contributed $10 mln to the Chernobyl Shelter Fund in 2005 and instructed the Federal Agency for Nuclear Power to participate in the activities of the international fund. Russia's state-run nuclear technology exporter, Atomstroiexport, is participating in work to improve the nuclear safety of the confinement shelter at Chernobyl. In addition, Russia and Ukraine have decided to form a bilateral working group for coordinating activities on long-term dry storage of nuclear fuel after the complete closure of the NPP. Russian President Vladimir Putin and his Ukrainian counterpart Viktor Yushchenko have discussed the condition of the nuclear power plant and care for disaster survivors. Yushchenko said the construction of a new sarcophagus above the Chernobyl reactor could be completed in 2010. © 2005 RIA Novosti ***************************************************************** 58 RIA Novosti: Chernobyl exploded USSR Opinion &analysis - 25/ 04/ 2006 ( Pyotr Romanov, RIA Novosti political commentator) The world media will mark with many publications the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster (April 26, 1986). This is only natural since this is a truly tragic date, and the aftermath of this drama is still affecting the lives of many people. Radioactive dust settled down not only on the territory of the former U.S.S.R., but also in Poland, Bulgaria, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Britain and some other countries. Only France, Spain and southern Italy were fortunate thanks to the prevailing winds. Many publications on Chernobyl justifiably focus on the safety of atomic power engineering. Nobody wants its repetition. In many countries Chernobyl slowed down the advance of atomic power engineering, deteriorated the world energy crisis, and caused a boost of prices on energy carriers. It is alarming, though, that quite a few publications on Chernobyl are undisguised stove piping reflecting the struggle for the market of nuclear technologies. For some rivals, the Chernobyl tragedy is just an excuse to tell the potential buyers that Russian nuclear technologies are unreliable. The timing and purpose are awkward, and, besides, this is simply untrue. As we know, failure teaches success. As distinct from most of its rivals, the Russians have thoroughly studied the bitter experience and greatly contributed to the safety of nuclear reactors. They have focused on making nuclear plants foolproof, since it was the human factor which triggered off the Chernobyl tragedy. Today, the most regrettable aspect of Chernobyl is that the West shows practically no interest in this unique Russian experience - either in enhancing the safety of nuclear plants, or in dealing with emergencies. Associates of the Kurchatov Institute, Russia's center of nuclear science, have complained many times that their foreign colleagues are ignoring what they have done in the twenty years of incessant research on the Chernobyl reactor. This is, of course, regrettable. Academician Yevgeny Velikhov, the head of the Kurchatov Institute Research Center, had every reason to say:" The Russian nuclear physicists have learnt by heart the lessons of Chernobyl once and for all." To sum up, the only positive aspect of the tragedy is the practical experience and ensuing precious recommendations, but foreign experts took no interest in them. Meanwhile, they know only too well that many Western countries have been through most dangerous accidents, which could trigger off even worse tragedies. The list is so long that I won't quote it here, but the U.S., U.K. and Switzerland are all there. Those who are well versed in the subject know perfectly well that Russian nuclear technologies are the safest of all. Everything else is just commercial tat. The only difference is that it's not about Pepsi. There is one more consequence of the Chernobyl disaster, which is rarely mentioned. I think it was Chernobyl that exploded the U.S.S.R. Needless to say, the reasons for the disintegration of such a colossus were bound to be multiple. Some people say with good reason that the founders of Marxism programmed the elements of self-destruction into the Soviet Union's policy and economy. Others justifiably quote the arms race or Afghanistan, which also undermined the Soviet might. Still others blame the then leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus for signing a document in secret from President Gorbachev in Belovezhskaya Pushcha. They believe, not without a reason, that this document finished the U.S.S.R off. However, I still think that Chernobyl was one of the major factors behind the Soviet collapse. The tragedy was not just about radioactive contamination. It produced a huge pack of lies, which shocked the Soviet people. The authorities concealed from them the truth for several days. In blissful ignorance, children and adults were walking under the genial spring rain in Kiev and Minsk, eating fruit, fishing, going to Ukrainian and Byelorussian resorts. If they had known the truth, they would have been running away. When rumors finally got through, people panicked. They rushed to railroad stations and drug stores. Only the first semi-truthful official reports outlined the enormous scale of the catastrophe. Importantly, the liars were the Party reformers whom many people had trusted when they said that the Soviet system could be reformed. After this lie there was nobody to believe. So, when a report on the Soviet Union's demise came from Belovezhskaya Pushcha, nobody tried to resuscitate it. The lie proved to be as deadly as radiation. © 2005 RIA Novosti ***************************************************************** 59 BBC: Chernobyl's legacy still undecided Last Updated: Monday, 24 April 2006 By Mark Kinver BBC News science and nature reporter [Radiation warning sign at Chernobyl (Image: AFP)] Experts say it is still too early to know the full extent of the disaster In April 1986, reactor number four at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant exploded, spewing radioactive material across many parts of Europe. Yet two decades after the world's worst nuclear accident, there is still no consensus on the full impact of the disaster. Last week, a report by Greenpeace concluded that the impact on human health had been grossly underestimated. It challenged UN figures that said up to 9,000 people would die from Chernobyl-related cancers. The environmental group's own research concluded that the death toll would be nearer 100,000. It questioned the methodology used by the Chernobyl Forum, which published its final assessment of the 1986 explosion last September. Headed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the UN's nuclear watchdog, the Forum was made up of eight UN agencies and a number of official bodies from the worst affected countries - Belarus, Ukraine and Russia. In its initial press release, the Forum said that up to 4,000 people would die as a result of being exposed to radiation, but this was later revised to 9,000 to reflect findings within the 600-page report. CHERNOBYL - WHAT HAPPENED? [Graphic of nuclea reactor ] Click here to find out what caused the reactor to explode Even the revised figure of 9,000 was still significantly lower than previous official estimates. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), earlier numbers were the result of confusion surrounding the full impact of the disaster. "The Greenpeace report is looking at all of Europe, whereas our report looks at only the most affected areas - approximately 6.5 million people in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia," says WHO spokesman Gregory Hartl. Greenpeace campaigns director Blake Lee Harwood concedes there is a wide range of cancer death estimates, but says the environmental group's report is based on credible scientific observations. "It is likely that the true human cost of the Chernobyl disaster will be many times greater than that estimated by the IAEA," he says. GreenFacts, a Brussels-based organisation that produces short summaries of technical scientific reports for lay readers, has recently published a digest of the UN Chernobyl Forum's report. The reason for doing this was because conflicting views among scientists were generating a level of uncertainty, says Stephanie Mantell, publications manager of GreenFacts. "Because there are so many contradictory figures, a lot of people have unanswered questions, and they are still looking for answers," she says. Different views One answer could lie in the different ways in which raw data is being interpreted. "What seems to be happening is that different agencies are taking a different view on these figures," observes Professor Tim Mousseau from the University of South Carolina, who has been researching the ecological impact of Chernobyl since 1999. "The Greenpeace report appears to be taking the least optimistic view and focusing on the upper level of cancer figures, whereas the UN report is taking a much more optimistic view," he says. Much of the reports' findings, he says, probably come from the same data. "Most of the past estimates have been based on research out of Japan on the effects of the atomic bombs - which is based on fairly high doses of radiation." What has not been clear in the past, Professor Mousseau adds, is whether this research could be used in low dose exposure scenarios, such as the aftermath of Chernobyl. "But new data shows that even exposure to low level radiation does have an impact on the cancer figures." He says that applying improved modelling using this new data to Chernobyl reveals that the estimated cancer mortality goes up by 50% - from 9,000 to about 16,000. Another analysis, which was recently published by two UK nuclear scientists for a group of Green MEPs, has gone widely unreported. Torch (The Other Report on Chernobyl) predicts an extra 30,000 - 60,000 cancer deaths across Europe as a result of the 1986 accident. It criticises the UN for focusing only on Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. Torch says this distorts the true picture because although the three nations were heavily contaminated, more that half of the radioactive fallout was carried to other European countries, including Sweden and the UK. [Przewalski's horse (Image: Sergey Gaschak) How wildlife is coping inside the exclusion zone Mutation fears It is not only human health where there is a lack of consensus - the environmental consequences of Chernobyl are still open to debate. "There has been such little investment in even basic research that we have no real idea of the full impact," Professor Mousseau said. He and colleague Anders Moller recently published the results of a survey they carried out on other research into the ecological impact of Chernobyl. They found that more than 20 species showed evidence of genetic damage as a result of being exposed to contaminants from the 1986 explosion. Their findings, published in Trends in Ecology and Evolution, are described as the first systematic review of data sets from Chernobyl, and suggest genetic damage could be extensive. Results from Professor Mousseau's own research on barn swallow populations support the idea that the radioactive legacy of Chernobyl is affecting ecology in the region, and possibly further afield. "Barn swallows - a long distance migratory bird - appear to be particularly sensitive," he comments. "We know that they consume much of their antioxidant reserve during the period of migration, so when they arrive back in Chernobyl they seem to be particularly sensitive to contaminants. "This is because of their lack of antioxidants which serve to protect them from the low level radiation." Photos showing normal (left) a partial albino barn swallow He says the depressed antioxidants can be linked to mutations (partial albino) and defects in sperm within the birds, and that this may not be limited to birds within the immediate area. "One 'take home' message from this can be that mutations are not fixed to one place and time, they are transmitted to future generations and to adjacent populations that have not been directly affected by the contaminants," Professor Mousseau observes. Yet he also acknowledges that these findings cannot be applied to all species. A fellow US-based scientist found that a number of rodents were contaminated to an unprecedented level, yet they were surviving in their surroundings with no apparent side effects. And the fact there is very little human activity within the 30km "exclusion zone" surrounding the site of the nuclear disaster has led to a number of rare species setting up home there, including white-tailed eagles, black storks, lynxes and otters. "Animals don't seem to sense radiation and will occupy an area regardless of the radiation condition," says Sergey Gaschak, a radioecologist based in the affected area. Waiting game As for the long term impact on wildlife, Professor Mousseau says: "We have no idea but we have to be sensitive to the possibility that there will be long-term biological effects. "But at this point, we have such little information regarding the ecological and evolutionary impact of the contaminants that we cannot make predictions." A paper recently published in the journal Nature also reaches the same conclusion regarding human health. It said lessons learned from studies examining the aftermath of the US atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 showed that 20 years was not long enough to gather a complete picture. Professor Mousseau warns it may be several more decades before any authoritative assertions can be made. "We really won't have a good idea of the death toll from Chernobyl for at least another 20, 30, or even 40 years." ***************************************************************** 60 BBC: Chernobyl's continuing hazards Last Updated: Tuesday, 25 April 2006 By Stephen Mulvey BBC News website The Chernobyl disaster was not over when the sarcophagus took shape above the ruins of reactor number four in the summer and autumn of 1986. Nor will it be over when a new giant arch - as tall as St Paul's cathedral or the Statue of Liberty - slides over the top of the sarcophagus three or four years from now. The Chernobyl ghost will not be laid to rest until the plant has been transformed into an "ecologically safe system", as Ukrainian officials put it, and that will not be for a very long time. There are currently three main obstacles on the path towards this goal: + the lava-like remains of the melted-down reactor + the spent fuel from the other three reactors + hundreds of leaking nuclear waste dumps For the last decade, the main concern has been that the hastily built sarcophagus might collapse, blowing tonnes of highly radioactive dust into the surrounding forests and waterways. [Men at work on the sarcophagus, 2006] The sarcophagus is being shored up - before being dismantled But work is now under way to shore up badly leaning walls, secure unsteady beams, and strengthen tilting supports under the plant's giant red and white chimney. By the end of 2006 it will be much stronger, though fingers may still need crossing in case of tornadoes or earthquakes. It's a measure of the urgency of these stabilisation tasks, that they are being carried out despite plans to un-do them again - and dismantle most of the sarcophagus - once the new arch is in place, some time after 2008. THE MELTED CORE The arch is a vast project - "the largest movable structure to be built in the history of mankind", as one of those involved has called it. But critics argue it is a little more than a carpet to sweep the main problem under, because the fuel within the wrecked reactor will simply be left as it is. In 100 years the problem wi not get simpler Mykhailo Khodorivsky "The new, stable and environmentally safe structure will contain the remains of the reactor for at least 100 years," says a press release from the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development, which will disburse the 840 million euros ($1bn) the arch is expected to cost. "During (this) time an even longer-lasting solution to the Chernobyl problem must be found." To Mykhailo Khodorivsky, a member of a consortium which in the 1990s investigated ways of removing the fuel, this seems like storing up problems for the future. The arch will last for 100 to 300 years, while the fuel will remain deadly for thousands. "A new confinement is necessary, but it does not tackle the root of the problem," Mr Khodorivsky says. "Our conclusion was that in 100 years the problem will not get simpler." For one thing, some of the plutonium will be decaying into americium, which is even more hazardous for health. "If nothing is done with the fuel, and the arch is contaminated from the inside, what do you do when it gets old?" he asks. "Build an even bigger one on top?" FUEL STORAGE If this is a problem for future generations to grapple with, the decommissioning of the other three reactors at Chernobyl is one for today. The job was put on hold after the last Chernobyl reactor stopped generating in December 2000, because there was nowhere to take the spent fuel. [Chernobyl dry waste storage facility] Work on the dry waste facility was suspended in 2003 Work began on a dry fuel storage facility in 1999 but it was later found to be unsuitable for some of the Chernobyl fuel assemblies, which have cracked, soaked up water and changed shape. Construction has been at a standstill for three years, while arguments rage over who is to blame, and what to do next. To get the spent fuel out of the reactors, a decision was finally taken to make space in a Soviet-era wet fuel storage facility, by packing its contents more tightly. But this alarms some observers, such as Mykola Karpan, a former safety official at the plant. He points out that the Soviet-era facility comes to the end of its life in 2016 - and that the question of what to do then with the wet and cracked fuel assemblies has not yet been answered. He also argues that it could be risky to pack the damaged fuel assemblies more tightly, and claims an identical facility in St Petersburg has sprung alarming leaks. WASTE GRAVEYARDS The graveyards are described as a "radiation emergency" by one of the men responsible for them, Valery Antropov, because no-one knows where they all are, or what is in them. [Map of Chernobyl waste 'graveyards'] The unlined, leaky trenches were quickly dug and filled with low and medium-level radioactive waste in 1986. They were intended to be temporary, but 20 years on, only half of them have even been mapped and inventorised. An estimated 500 trenches in seven areas around the plant have yet to be studied at all. "We know the graveyards are in these areas, but exactly where - so as not to step on them - we cannot be sure," says Mr Antropov, a senior member of a waste and decontamination unit known as "Complex". Some of the trenches closest to the Pripyat river have been partly washed away by spring floods, others are slowly seeping radionuclides into ground water. [Valery Antropov] Valery Antropov: No-one wants to see this problem Mr Antropov is also worried by two repositories built hastily in 1986 for severely contaminated waste, for example graphite blocks thrown out of the reactor in the explosion. Neither was properly built, he says, one is too close the river, and the contents of both should really be somewhere deep underground. "Where to store highly radioactive and long-lived waste is a huge problem," he says. "We have containers queuing up. We need to build a deep geological deposit, but Greens object. It's a problem that people don't want to see." ***************************************************************** 61 BBC: Ukraine remembers Chernobyl blast Last Updated: Wednesday, 26 April 2006 Ukraine President Viktor Yushchenko lays flowers at a memorial to the victims of Chernobyl] President Yushchenko joined mourners at the night-time vigil Ukraine is holding a series of events to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the world's worst nuclear disaster at the Chernobyl power plant. The blast was marked by tolling bells and a minute's silence at 0123 local time (2223 GMT on Tuesday) - when the alarm was set off on 26 April 1986. The explosion tore off the plant's roof, spewing radioactive fallout over swathes of the then-USSR and Europe. President Viktor Yushchenko will visit the site later in the day. He will meet some of the people who worked at the plant and those who risked their lives to deal with the accident. A monument to victims is due to be unveiled, and parliament is holding a special hearing into the disaster. In neighbouring Belarus, also badly affected by fallout, opposition groups are expected to hold a rally in the capital Minsk to protest against government attempts to rehabilitate contaminated areas. 'Ask for forgiveness' At evening ceremonies in Kiev, hundreds of mourners, each carrying a single red carnation and flickering candles, gathered for an outdoor Orthodox Christian service. President Yushchenko laid a wreath to remember those who were sent to deal with the accident and to the many who have since been affected. [View of reactors three and four] A sarcophagus was erected over the ruins of Chernobyl's fourth reactor At precisely 0123, the church bells tolled 20 times. A similar ceremony got under way an hour earlier, to coincide with 0123 Moscow time, in Slavutych, the town built to house the Chernobyl plant workers displaced by the accident. To the sound of bells tolling and alarm sirens blaring, mourners laid flowers and candles at a monument dedicated to those who died in the immediate aftermath of the accident. "I knew all of these people," a tearful Mykola Ryabushkin told AFP news agency, pointing to the portraits hanging on the monument. The 59-year-old had been working as an operator at the plant when the explosion happened. "I look at them and I want to ask them for forgiveness," he said. "Maybe we're all to blame for letting this accident happen." Disputed death toll The accident happened at one of four reactors at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, 110km (70 miles) north of the capital, Kiev. [Map of the area around Chernobyl] Throughout most of the following day the Soviet authorities refused to admit anything out of the ordinary had occurred. It was only two weeks after the explosion, when radiation releases had tailed off, that the first Soviet official gave a frank account, speaking of the "possibility of a catastrophe". Official UN figures predicted up to 9,000 Chernobyl-related cancer deaths. But a Greenpeace report released last week estimated a figure of 93,000. Greenpeace said other illnesses could bring the toll up to 200,000. A restricted area with a radius of 30km (19 miles) remains in force around the destroyed nuclear reactor which is encased in concrete. ***************************************************************** 62 Platts: Davis-Besse expected to return from refueling soon Davis-Besse expected to return from refueling soon Washington (Platts)--24Apr2006 Davis-Besse is expected back on line in the "next few days," FirstEnergy Nuclear Operating President and Chief Nuclear Officer Gary Leidich said today in a telephone interview. Leidich said the current refueling and maintenance outage, which began March 6, is taking "several days" longer than projected because the outage team is "focused on safety" and has paused some activities to resolve potential safety issues. The slight delay, Leidich said, is the "reality" of the first refueling outage since the 925-MW PWR was shut down for two years after the discovery in March 2002 of severe vessel head degradation. Terms & Conditions Copyright © 2006 - Platts, All Rights Reserved [The McGraw-Hill Companies] ***************************************************************** 63 NRC: NRC to Discuss 2005 Performance Assessment for Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant News Release - Region III - 2006-01 U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION Office of Public Affairs, Region III No. III-06-019 April 25, 2006 CONTACT: Jan Strasma (630) 829-9663 Viktoria Mitlyng (630) 829-9662 E-mail: opa3@nrc.gov May 2, to discuss the agencys assessment of safety performance for last year at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant. The plant is located near Oak Harbor, Ohio. The meeting, which is open to the public, is scheduled to begin at 7 p.m. at the Energy Education Center, Davis-Besse Administration Building, 5502 North State Route 2, in Oak Harbor. The NRC will respond to questions or comments from the public before the close of the meeting. The NRC continually reviews the performance of the Davis-Besse plant and the nations other commercial nuclear power facilities, NRC Region III Administrator James Caldwell said. This meeting will provide an opportunity for a discussion of our annual assessment of safety performance with the company and with local officials and residents who live near the plant. Our goal is to explain the NRC oversight process and make as much information as possible available to the public regarding our regulation of these facilities. A letter sent from the NRC Region III Office to plant officials addresses the performance of the plant during the period and will serve as the basis for the meeting discussion. It is available on the NRC web site at: http://www.nrc.gov/NRR/OVERSIGHT/ASSESS/LETTERS/davi_2005q4.pdf [PDF Icon] . The NRCs assessment concluded that the Davis-Besse plant operated safely during the period. The NRC uses color-coded inspection findings and performance indicators to assess nuclear plant performance. The colors start with green and then increase to white, yellow or red, commensurate with the safety significance of the issues involved. The plant returned from increased oversight to regular NRC oversight in July 2005 and remained under regular oversight for final two quarters of the year. During that time all performance indicators and inspections findings were green, with the exception of one white finding associated with emergency siren testing in 2004 and reporting of the siren testing data. Prior to returning to regular oversight, the plant was shut down from March 2002 until March 2004 due to the discovery of severe corrosion by boric acid on the reactor vessel head. As a result of this discovery, the plant was placed under increased oversight. The plant resumed operation in March 2004 but remained under increased NRC oversight until the agency determined that the plants performance warranted the return to regular oversight. Routine inspections are performed by two NRC Resident Inspectors assigned to the plant and by inspection specialists from the Region III Office in Lisle, Ill. Among the areas of plant operations to be inspected this year by NRC specialists are access control to radiologically significant areas, problem identification and resolution, fire protection, and maintenance effectiveness. In addition, the NRC will conduct inspections to provide enhanced oversight of the results of independent assessments in the areas of operations, corrective actions, engineering, and safety culture and safety conscious work environment. The independent assessment of these areas for five years following Davis-Besse's restart was a condition of the plant's return to service. Current performance information for Davis-Besse is available on the NRCs web site at: http://www.nrc.gov/NRR/OVERSIGHT/ASSESS/DAVI/davi_chart.html. Last revised Tuesday, April 25, 2006 ***************************************************************** 64 Platts: Westinghouse CEO: Changes will mark how new plants constructed London (Platts)--24Apr2006 Future nuclear plant construction will be done differently than in the past and will vary by country, Westinghouse President/CEO Steve Tritch told Platts during a recent interview. For example, most US nuclear operators don't plan to do as much construction work for future plants as they did during the first wave of building, he said. "The US will be looking for more of an overall buying of plants along turnkey lines," he said. This turnkey approach will be "a little different than the way it evolved in the US last time where many of the utilities were involved in constructing their own plants," he said. Because of industry consolidation, there are fewer nuclear plant operators, but with more nuclear assets, he said. They "focus more on their own core competence, which is operating nuclear plants," he said. They have formed partnerships or long-term supply agreements with vendors to provide services and fuel in longer-term increments, he said. "And we've seen more of that happening in the US than used to happen because the utilities which own many nuclear plants have decided they want to link up with a few key suppliers" to ensure maintenance and operation and fuel supply over the long term, he said. However, the US approach will differ from that of other countries, he said. For example, the Chinese concentrate on creating their own indigenous capability. Therefore, the scope of any contract with Chinese companies will be different than "how it gets done in the US market," Tritch said. Also, the updated AP1000 design will mean Westinghouse plants will be constructed differently than in the past. The modular construction concept of the AP1000 opens up the possibility of factories around the globe each producing several of the 300 modules that make up the reactor, Tritch said. "These would be done on more of a production-line basis with quality assurance at the site where the modules are being built," he said. The end-of-March UK Nuclear Industry Association's report on UK nuclear construction capability noted that construction of Westinghouse AP1000 reactors "involves the remote production of structural modules in a factory/ship yard environment, shipping to site and then assembly." It said that the size and weight of the modules would require delivery to the site by sea. Moving them around "would require the use of self propelled modular transporters and a suitable jacking system to place the modules." Heavy lifting equipment might also be required, not just for the large nuclear items as in past reactor construction, but for the modular items. For more information, take a trial to Platts Nucleonics Week at http://nucweek.platts.com. Copyright © 2006 - Platts, All Rights Reserved [The McGraw-Hill Companies] ***************************************************************** 65 Platts: Investment in nuclear in the UK could be a serious consideration London (Platts)--25Apr2006 Investment in nuclear, without subsidies, would be seriously considered in the UK if the government established a long-term framework to support low- carbon energy sources, the Confederation of British Industry said April 24. CBI pointed to a "unique window of opportunity" for the UK to move to a more low-carbon generation mix, given the country's need to add 50 gigawatts of new capacity by 2020, equivalent to approximately two-thirds of existing capacity. Such a framework would also ensure other low-carbon energy sources could compete, it said. CBI quoted figures from the consulting firm Deloitte that suggest that total investment costs for 50 GW of additional capacity could be between GBP 22 billion (US$39 billion) for a fuel mix weighted toward combined cycle gas turbines, and GBP 51 billion ($91 billion) for a fuel mix including significant proportions of renewables, plus some nuclear and clean coal. Copyright © 2006 - Platts, All Rights Reserved [The McGraw-Hill Companies] ***************************************************************** 66 CBC News: Reports from Abroad: Chernobyl: 20 years later Derek Stoffel April 25, 2006 | More from Derek Stoffel [Derek Stoffel] Derek Stoffel covers southern Ontario for CBC National Radio News. Based out of Toronto, Stoffel reports on news stories that affect Canadians and Ontarians, ranging from health, education to political issues. Stoffel spent much time in 2000 and 2001 in Walkerton, Ontario, following the e-coli outbreak in the town, and the public inquiry called to examine it. Stoffel also reported on the SARS outbreak - how it affected the Toronto region, and from Geneva, what the World Health Organization did to try to stop the disease. Petro Chaliy and his wife Nina, planting potatoes near the town of Novo Ladyzhychi. The lake was shimmering in the spring sunshine  perfect fishing weather for Petro Chaliy, who was enjoying his Saturday off work. It was the morning of April 27, 1986. A plume of brown smoke rose into the sky, to the north of the lake, in the direction of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Chaliy thought nothing of it. At home, a relative was waiting with some news: There had been an accident at the plant. "I wasn't scared of it," Chaliy says. "We just didn't know what had happened. How serious it was." It was the most serious accident in the short history of the nuclear industry. At 1:23 a.m. on April 26, 1986, two explosions ripped through the No. 4 reactor at Chernobyl, in the then Soviet Republic of Ukraine. The plant lies 20 kilometres north of where Chaliy lived with his wife and two sons. » Indepth: Biological weapons The rumours about what happened at the plant spread as quickly as the radiation that contaminated parts of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. Chaliy says people in his town were given no official word about the scope of the nuclear explosion. It wasn't until four days after the meltdown that they were told to leave the area. "I was worried about moving. I didn't want to go," Chaliy says as he leans on a spade, taking a break from planting potatoes. "My home was back there. We hoped that we only had to go away for a few days, while they cleaned. Well, now it's been 20 years." Chaliy and his family are among the 115,000 people who lived in a 30-kilometre radius of the nuclear plant. Forced evacuations spread the residents across many parts of Ukraine and Belarus. As thousands of buses arrived to move people, local officials told them to pack only enough belongings to last three days. No word from Moscow The explosion inside the reactor vaporized 50 tonnes of uranium fuel instantly, blasting it high into the atmosphere. Another 70 tonnes of uranium, along with 900 tonnes of radioactive graphite, were scattered throughout the area surrounding the plant, causing some 30 fires. The graphite that remained in the reactor core immediately caught fire and would burn for 10 days, creating a situation where radiation escaped into the air as long as the fire burned. In Moscow, there was silence. It took the Soviet government three full days to admit there was a problem at Chernobyl. The news was broken only after a cloud of radiation set of alarms at a nuclear plant in Sweden. The contamination travelled around the world, reaching countries as far away as Canada and Japan. Sergey Volodin in Kiev. Sergei Volodin's telephone rang, early on that Saturday morning, just hours after the explosion. A captain in the Red Army, he piloted a helicopter that mainly ferried army generals and politicians around. His mission that morning was to take a high-ranking army official from Kiev to the Chernobyl plant. He was not told about the accident. But as he approached the site, he knew something was wrong. The fire was out by this point, but smoke was still rising from the reactor. "The western part of the plant was completely destroyed," he remembers. "It looked to me like the concrete was burning." Volodin's mission soon changed. He and his crew were ordered to fly around the plant, and using the helicopter's built-in Dosimeter, measure the level of radiation. In some places, the meters hardly registered anything. But within minutes, he saw droplets forming on the windshield of the helicopter. "I looked up and the sky was blue, so it wasn't rain." The radiation meter, Volodin recalls, started beeping rapidly. The first officer adjusted the device through the various readings  10, 100, 250, to 500 roentgen an hour. Humans are not supposed be exposed to levels above 500. Yet the Dosimeter's needle ran off the end of the dial. A senior army officer on board the helicopter burst into the cockpit, yelling: "You are a murderer! You're going to kill all of us!" Volodin landed the craft, but says he'll never forget that moment. The exposure to high levels of radiation left Volodin hospitalized for nearly a month. Many of the doctors weren't sure how to treat the illnesses, so they turned to what Volodin calls folk medicine. "Red wine! We were drinking vodka  heavily  to try to deal with the radiation," he says. After his release, he spent five weeks flying missions to the Chernobyl plant. The 58-year-old has been awarded several honours, including, just last week, the Ukrainian award for courage and bravery. The debate over the consequences The numbers tell of Chernobyl's chilling consequences. It's estimated that about five million people were affected by the nuclear disaster in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. Almost 5,000 square kilometres of farmland and 4,300 square kilometres of forest were left unusable in the three countries. More than half a million people, called "liquidators," were brought into the region north of Kiev after the disaster to clean up the aftermath. There is no agreement, however, on the number of people who were killed and made ill by the meltdown. It remains a source of bitter debate. Several United Nations' agencies, including the World Health Organization and the International Atomic Energy Agency, produced a scientific study of Chernobyl last year. The report put the number of deaths from the accident at 4,000. WHO has now increased that figure to 9,000. Protesters demonstrate at an international conference on the effects of Chernobyl, held this week in Kiev. That number drew the scorn of protesters from around the world, who gathered in Kiev this week, to highlight the effects of Chernobyl. "Tens of thousand have gotten cancer because of Chernobyl and the IAEA is covering that up," says Scott Denman, an anti-nuclear activist from the United States. Greenpeace puts the death toll at 93,000 and says 270,000 people in the three affected countries could get Chernobyl-related cancers. The environmental group accuses the United Nations of downplaying the affects of Chernobyl, to appease the nuclear industry. "WHO has got no axe to grind. We're not promoting nuclear power," says Dr. Michael Repacholi, the co-ordinator of the WHO's radiation and environmental health department. "But we are promoting quality science. And our results are based on the best science that's available." ' I was drawn back home' There is no debate that living close to Chernobyl has affected the health of Yevdokiya Symoneko. She has been hospitalized three times in 20 years, suffering from bad headaches. The 81-year-old recalls boarding a bus two days after the accident. She looked over her shoulder at the house she and her husband built and she vowed to return. Yevdokiya Symoneko sitting on the bench in front of her house in Ilintsy. That's exactly what Symoneko did. A few months after the meltdown, her husband borrowed a friend's truck, and the couple loaded up their belongings and made the journey home to the village of Ilintsy, eight kilometres from the nuclear plant. The Ukrainian government banned residents from returning to their homes in the exclusion zone, but has turned a blind eye to the 186 who have done so. "I was drawn back home very strongly," Symoneko says as she sits on the bench in front of her house. "This is our motherland." Copyright© CBC 2006 ***************************************************************** 67 NRC: NRC to Hold Public Meetings May 10-11 in Georgia to Discuss Review of Possible Early Site Permit Application News Release - 2006-05 U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION Office of Public Affairs Telephone: 301/415-8200 Washington, DC 20555-0001 E-mail: opa@nrc.gov No. 06-058 April 25, 2006 Waynesboro, Ga., on Wednesday, May 10, and Thursday, May 11, to discuss how the agency would review an expected application for an Early Site Permit (ESP) at the Vogtle site, about 23 miles southeast of Augusta, Ga. The site, owned by Southern Nuclear Operating Co., currently contains two commercial nuclear power plants. On May 10, the staff will hold an open house from noon until 2 p.m. in the Auditorium of the Burke County Library, 130 Highway 24 South in Waynesboro. There will be no formal presentations, but the staff will have information available about the ESP process and will informally discuss the process with interested members of the public. On May 11, the meeting will be held in the Auditorium of the Augusta Technical Colleges Waynesboro campus, 216 Highway 24 South, from 7 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. Before the meeting NRC staff will be available for informal discussions during an open house from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m. The NRC will then make a formal presentation at the meeting which will include information on the NRCs overall licensing process for nuclear power plants, as well as an overview of how the ESP process works and how the public can participate. Members of the public are invited to ask questions regarding the agencys ESP review. The ESP process allows an applicant to address site-related issues, such as environmental impacts, for possible future construction and operation of a nuclear power plant at the site. The NRCs review process requires both a technical review of safety issues and an environmental review for each application. If approved, an ESP gives the applicant up to 20 years to decide whether to build one or more nuclear plants on the site and to file an application with the NRC for approval to begin construction. If Southern submits an ESP application as expected, the NRC staff will review it to determine whether Southern has provided enough information for the agency to begin a formal review. If the application has sufficient information, the NRC will formally docket, or file, the application and will announce an opportunity to request a hearing. Last revised Tuesday, April 25, 2006 ***************************************************************** 68 DesMoinesRegister.com: Nuclear energy not a clean, cheap answer ASSOCIATED PRESS FILE PHOTOIn this 1996 photo, Ivan Kalenda turns away to wipe his tears as he visits his 3-year-old grandson Vitya, right, in the children’s cancer ward at a hospital in Gomel, southwest of Minsk. ZOOM ASSOCIATED PRESS PHOTOResidents of villages contaminated with radiation have returned to the areas, disregarding warnings. ZOOM ASSOCIATED PRESS PHOTOA sign in a forest in the Gomel region, Belarus, reads, “Radiation contamination! Mushroom and berries gathered must be subjected to radiation checks.” IOWA VIEW HOPE BURWELL SPECIAL TO THE REGISTER April 25, 2006 Walking down the Cedar Valley Nature Trail this balmy April morning, I see as I have a thousand times before a sign telling me what to do in an emergency. I look up over the tree tops, toward the Duane Arnold Energy Center, 9 miles west. White against a cerulean sky, the steam of the nuclear reactor's cooling towers stretches toward Dubuque and Madison, directly over people strolling this same trail in Urbana and Brandon. Twenty years ago this week, an explosion at a nuclear reactor in Ukraine sent half a reactor core and 50 tons of radioactive materials streaking into the jet stream. One hundred and fifty miles away in Cherikov, Belarus, no one knew that the gentle rain, so good for newly planted crops and gardens, was tainted with Chernobyl's radioactive debris. It took years to measure and map the contamination of Cherikov, just one of the thousands of small Belarusan towns, villages and cities soaked with "hot" rain in the weeks after the explosion and the resulting 10-day fire. Strontium-90 levels 29 times the International Atomic Energy Association's "safe for residency" limit; cesium-137 levels 37 times that limit. With half-lives of 29 and 30 years respectively, it will be the years 2154 and 2256 before the people of Cherikov are free of just two of the dozens of radionuclides spewed during a nuclear accident. Anticipating the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl catastrophe, the International Atomic Energy Association and the World Health Organization have released reports claiming that the health consequences of the disaster were far less serious than predicted. But the two agencies base their considerations on cancer deaths, the most extreme of Chernobyl's health effects. They fail to consider the birth defects, teen-age cataracts, pituitary and thyroid disorders, bone deformities, gastro-intestinal malfunctions, heart conditions, sterility, immune disorders, soaring mortality and social disintegration that are part of every life in contaminated Belarus two decades after an accident that "could never happen here." The sign on my local nature trail, the steam cloud, the scent of fields newly turned for seeding take me back to Cherikov, where chickens scratch in the green spaces and my friends are seeding radioactive gardens so they'll be able to can and dry enough produce to last them through the long, hard Belarusan winter. But in my ear a newscaster reiterates the Bush administration's promotion of nuclear power as one of the remedies for high energy prices. Often, when I am speaking about conditions in post-Chernobyl Belarus, people ask: What are the solutions? I have a list as long as my arm, among them: Seize the opportunity to study the real long-term consequences of and solutions to exposure to radiation by building state-of-the-art hospital and environmental research facilities; aid those who want to emigrate; provide jobs in research facilities to those who don't; clothe and feed and care for the ill victims of an accident they had nothing to do with. The response I receive from many is, "Who's going to pay for that?" No one, is the realistic answer. If we were ethical, the answer would be: every company profiting from nuclear power, every government encouraging it, every citizen benefiting from what is so often these days touted as a cheap, clean source of energy freedom from the Middle East. Of course, the response of those companies, and governments, and people walking this nature trail would be, "We can't afford it." That predictable response puts an end to the argument that nuclear energy is either cheap or clean. HOPE BURWELL is the director of Strong Like a Willow: A Belarus Relief Project. She lives and teaches at Kirkwood Community College in Cedar Rapids. Her article "Jeremiad for Belarus" was published in Orion magazine and honored by the Society for Environmental Journalists as one of the best feature articles of 2004. Copyright © 2006, The Des Moines Register. ***************************************************************** 69 APP.COM: Weeklong inspection at Lacey reactor | Asbury Park Press Online Back Issues:Tuesday, April 25, 2006 Safety regulators cite 2 violations Posted by the Asbury Park Presson 04/25/06 BY NICHOLAS CLUNN MANAHAWKIN BUREAU Safety regulators will conduct a weeklong special inspection of the Oyster Creek nuclear power plant in Lacey next month to determine whether its operators implemented new safety measures as promised. Officials with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission determined that Oyster Creek needed additional oversight in emergency preparedness after the agency cited the plant for two violations in that area within a 12-month span. Those violations meant that Oyster Creek's safety performance ranked among the worst in the nation during the third quarter of 2005. Agency officials attempted to explain the inspection to the public Monday night at Oyster Creek's emergency response center in Dover Township. The meeting between the agency and top officials from Oyster Creek was held to talk about plant safety in 2005. This kind of meeting takes place each year for all of the 103 reactors nationwide. Although regulators were critical at times and asked plant officials to reassure them of their commitment to safety, Brick resident Jeff Brown, 63, said he was not impressed. He pointed out that some of the dialogue was scripted. "It's the annual show," said Brown, a member of Grandmothers, Mothers and More for Energy Safety, a citizens group opposed to a renewed license for the plant. "It's the annual dog-and-pony show." Although the meeting was not related to a request by plant operator AmerGen Energy Co. to have Oyster Creek's license renewed by the agency, several renewal opponents attended; plant safety has been a major reason they want Oyster Creek closed. A 20-year renewal would allow Oyster Creek, the nation's oldest commercial nuclear power plant, to run beyond 2009, when its existing license will expire. Mostly favorable findings Overall, regulators approved of Oyster Creek's performance. "AmerGen operated Oyster Creek in a manner that preserved public health and safety in 2005," said Ronald Bellamy, branch chief of the agency's regional office that oversees reactors in the Northeast. But that assessment was tempered by a recounting of the two violations that triggered the agency to assign three specialists in emergency planning to visit the plant and conduct interviews there in mid-May. In the latest violation, which happened in August and was cited in September, AmerGen failed to issue a mandatory advisory in time. The advisory, meant to inform state and local officials about an emergency, should have been issued after sea grass from Barnegat Bay clogged an intake used to pump cooling water into the plant. Regulators issued the first violation in November 2004 after plant workers that July failed to adjust a threshold used to classify the most serious kinds of emergencies. The incorrect threshold would have allowed water used to cool the reactor to drop farther than necessary for a "general emergency" declaration to occur. A general emergency would occur if a reactor has been seriously damaged and risked releasing radiation beyond plant boundaries. Following each violation, AmerGen officials said, they improved worker training and took other measures to prevent that same kinds of mishaps from happening again. The inspections will verify those measures. Samuel J. Collins, the highest official in the agency's regional office, said the two violations were particularly serious because they collectively could be considered as a "public confidence issue." ON THE WEB: Visit our Web site, www.app.com, and look under Special Reports for a link to: Relicensing Oyster Creek: Is It Worth It? for our series of stories, multimedia, links and more on the nuclear plant. Copyright © 2006 Asbury Park Press. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 70 AFP: In Chernobyl's shadow, newcomers put down roots Tue Apr 25, 1:28 AM ET STRELICHAVA, Belarus (AFP) - With endless bills and medical costs to pay, life has not been easy for Vladimir and Tatyana since they, like other immigrants to Belarus, settled near the site of the world's worst nuclear accident. "I realised it might be dangerous to move here ... But at that time you could only get homes near the zone," said Vladimir of the couple's decision to leave Kazakhstan in 1995 and move to a land from which the authorities had evacuated tens of thousands of people. They are among many immigrants from Central Asia and the Caucasus who are in the vanguard of an effort by President Alexander Lukashenko to rehabilitate territory evacuated after the explosion on April 26, 1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear power station, 40 kilometres (25 miles) away in neighbouring Ukraine. It is an effort that has been criticised by opposition groups and some Belarussian scientists, but in many ways is in line with recommendations by the World Health Organisation (WHO). In recent years the WHO has argued that the effects of the radiation cloud that spewed across southern Belarus are less than was thought -- a view that has proved controversial ahead of the accident's 20th anniversary this week. For Vladimir and Tatyana the attraction was mainly the housing left by those who were resettled in other parts of Belarus, as well as the stability that Lukashenko has boasted as one of the main achievements of his 14-year rule. But the couple struggle to cope, raising pigs and cows as a supplement to Vladimir's salary from a state farm, which in summer equals 100 dollars (80 euros) a month and in winter 50 dollars, and is rarely paid on time. Tatyana suspects that fall-out from Chernobyl may have something to do with the sicknesses suffered by her two youngest children. Their eight-year-old daughter, who suffers from kidney and other problems, "has been sick for three or four years but no one says why," said Tatyana. "We're spending 150,000 rubles (75 dollars) a month just on medicines and I can't work because I have to look after the children," she said. Other incomers play down such health concerns, among them Radzy Khisamov, who came from Tajikistan via Moscow in 1997 and is now a physics teacher in nearby Bragin, with a salary equal to 300 dollars a month. He is quietly confident about his family's future, saying that by avoiding local produce it is possible to avoid contamination by radiation. The regular testing to which all schoolchildren are subject has shown some with radiation levels more than 10 times the safe limit, he says. But, he adds, "they're mainly kids from families that grow their own produce, or whose parents hunt in the forests.... You just avoid that." Following a devastating civil war, "conditions in Tajikistan were terrible," he recalled. "The average salary there now is just 20 dollars a month -- even now they have gas and water only irregularly, whereas here it's round the clock." His upbeat, healthy-eating message broadly reflects the advice of the WHO, which has pointed out that background radiation in such areas is not much higher than in other parts of the world -- but agrees that children should avoid certain foods. But for anyone tempted to praise Belarus for taking a pro-active stance on Chernobyl, or being unusually lenient with incoming foreigners, the country's opposition takes a different view, questioning Belarus' openness to some countries and not others. In recent years the authorities have established new security zones along the Ukrainian border, a policy Khisamov interprets as aimed at preventing "destabilisation" by the "orange" democracy movement that came to power in Ukraine in 2005. Nor does the opposition think much of the World Health Organisation's views. Activists argue that Chernobyl's effects have received insufficient study and accuse Lukashenko of trying to rein in aid organisations that organise recuperation trips to western Europe for Belarussian children -- trips the opposition hopes will open their eyes to a more democratic way of life. Vintsuk Vyachorka, leader of the opposition Belarussian Popular Front, takes a dim view of the newcomers' arrival across the nearby Russian border, which is virtually unpoliced. "They come there, sometimes, illegally. They create new communities, they live there, produce food, eat those foods, their children are born there," Vyachorka said. "What kind of new society is created there, nobody knows." Copyright © 2006 Agence France Presse. All rights reserved. The ***************************************************************** 71 AFP: Vigils mark 20th anniversary of Chernobyl disaster Tue Apr 25, 4:50 PM ET CHERNOBYL, Ukraine (AFP) - Haunting vigils marked the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster, the world's worst nuclear accident that sent shockwaves around the globe, ravaged this corner of eastern Europe and continues to affect millions of people to this day. In an eerie performance in the shadow of the defunct power plant in northern Ukraine, a French theater troupe recounted stories of a handful of ordinary people who found their lives torn apart by the disaster. "I see him in every corner," one actress said, playing a young woman who lost her husband within weeks of the disaster, as well as her six-month-old unborn child. The melancholy ceremony was the first event to mark the moment when at 1:23 am on April 26, 1986 (2223 GMT the previous day), two explosions ripped through one of the reactors at the Soviet Union's Chernobyl nuclear power plant, releasing a huge radioactive cloud into the air. "We are playing for the dead," Bruno Boussagol, the producer and artistic director of the Brut de Beton troupe, told AFP. The cloud released by the Chernobyl explosion settled mostly in Ukraine and neighboring Belarus to the north, but parts of it drifted across Russia and a large swathe of Europe, and its effects were felt from Scandinavia to Greece. "The explosion affected half of the planet, but Belarus and Ukraine suffered worst of all," Terry Davis, secretary general of the Council of Europe, said in a statement on Tuesday. "For these countries, Chernobyl is not an historic event, it is a problem of today and of tomorrow," Davis said. Candlelight vigils were to take place early Wednesday in the town of Slavutich, home to most of the 3,700 workers who still service the plant, and in Kiev, where many of the "liquidators," as the clean-up workers became known, live today. In Belarus, where much of the radioactive cloud settled after the accident, contaminating a quarter of its land, opposition groups were expected to hold Wednesday what has become a traditional protest against government efforts to repopulate the affected areas of the country. Critics say that Belarus's authoritarian leadership is ignoring serious health risks in trying to return the contaminated land back to general use. Some five million people are believed to have been affected by the disaster in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, all of which still have regions where the levels of dangerous cesium-137 and strontium-90 radioisotopes are much higher than accepted norms. Nearly 800,000 hectares (nearly two million acres) of prime agricultural land and 700,000 hectares (1.7 million acres) of forest remain derelict in the three countries. Two decades on, the death toll from the tragedy is hotly debated. Agencies of the United Nations" /> , backed by the governments of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, estimate that between 4,000 and 9,000 people could be expected to die overall as a direct consequence of the accident. Environmental groups put the figure at 100,000 and higher. Estimates on the eventual cost of the disaster vary as well. Ukraine expects to spend up to 170 billion dollars (137 billion euros) by 2015; Belarus counts its losses over the past two decades at 235 billion dollars; the United Nations says the accident will end up costing hundreds of billions of dollars overall. The Chernobyl plant was eventually closed for good in December 2000 but will continue to be a concern for years to come. The concrete sarcophagus that was hastily constructed over its destroyed reactor immediately following the accident is showing signs of wear and more than 20 countries have chipped in nearly a billion dollars for the construction of a 20,000-ton steel case to take its place. Construction of the new containment unit is expected to begin later this year and Ukraine hopes to complete it by 2010. Copyright © 2006 Agence France Presse. All rights reserved. The ***************************************************************** 72 CFR: Chernobyl Revisited - Council on Foreign Relations Why does this page look this way? Not just memories, but practical ramifications of Chernobyl persist (Photo: AP) April 25, 2006 Prepared by: Lionel Beehner Chernobyl is associated in most minds with the devastating health effects caused by nuclear fallout. Experts may disagree over casualtiesestimates of how many will die from radiation-related cancers range from 4,000to more than 90,000but few deny the Chernobyl accident irreparably damaged many lives in Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia, as this multimedia report by MediaStorm demonstrates. Yet twenty years after the Chernobyl meltdown, nuclear power is enjoying somewhat of a rebirth in popularity, particularly in Europe and Asia, as this CFR Background Q&A explains. Experts, including Patrick Moore of Greenspirit Strategies Ltd, say nuclear technology has become more advanced and thus safer than it was in 1986 (WashPost). Oil and gas prices are reaching historical highs, creating demands to find alternativeand cheapersources of energy. And a strange alliance of sorts has emerged between some powerful members of the green and nuclear advocacy groups. Some environmentalists say nuclear power, which does not give off carbon emissions, is a welcome alternative to coal-fired plants, and less damaging to the earth's atmosphere (CommonsBlog). Sixty new nuclear plants are scheduled to go online by 2020, a significant number of which are in Asia, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency. Plans to phase out a number of plants across Europe are also being rethought (CSMonitor). But dangers and uncertainties remain. To date, no fool-proof plan exists to properly secure or store nuclear waste and spent fuel. Also, nuclear plants like Indian Point, north of New York City, will always remain targets for terrorists, some experts say. Economically speaking, nuclear power is very capital intensive, and investing in it makes sense only so long as prices for fossil fuels remain comparatively high (Economist). Government subsidies, as included in the White House's Advanced Energy Initiative, may help nudge along plans in the United States to commission new nuclear plants. A 2003 MIT reportexamines the future of the nuclear industry and finds that, despite its high up-front costs, switching over to nuclear energy over the long run will be more cost effective and will reduce CO2 emissions. RFE/RL looks beyond the humanitarian and health challenges that Chernobyl poses and points out the political issuesthat, twenty years on, the nuclear meltdown has raised in the region. Copyright 2006 by the Council on Foreign Relations. All Rights Reserved. [ /] ***************************************************************** 73 Xinhua: Canada announces support for Chernobyl shelter www.xinhuanet.com www.chinaview.cn 2006-04-26 04:54:23 OTTAWA, April 25 (Xinhua) -- Canada announced on Tuesday it will provide 8 million Canadian dollars (7 million U.S. dollars) in financial aid to the shelter at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine. This contribution is part of Canada's commitment to the Global Partnership against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction, launched by the G8 in 2002. The new funding brings Canada's total contribution to Chernobyl-related projects to 66.2 million Canadian dollars (56.2 million U.S. dollars). In a statement, Foreign Affairs Minister Peter MacKay reiterated commitment to Ukraine and neighboring countries, pledging "Canada will continue to support Ukraine as it copes with the effects of the world's worst nuclear accident." The explosion and fire at the Chernobyl power station on April 26, 1986 left at least 4,000 people dead, sending radiation across Europe and contaminated large swathes of territory in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko urged donors on Monday to help tackle the enduring aftermath of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, especially the completion of a new cover for the plant's devastated reactor. Enditem Editor: Luan Shanglin Copyright ©2003 Xinhua News Agency. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 74 TheStar.com: Nuclear power is safe Tue. Apr. 25, 2006. | Updated at 04:41 AM Worst of all possible worlds Letter, April 21. In his letter, Mark Winfield of the Pembina Institute attempts to mislead readers about the safety of nuclear reactors in Canada. In commenting on the supposed similarity between nuclear reactors in Canada and those of the former Soviet Union he neglects to mention all the differences that contribute to safety in Canada. It is a fact that reactors in Canada all have comprehensive safety systems, including a complete containment system, designed to contain radiation in the event of an accident and prevent the release of dangerous radiation to the environment. It is a fact that the configuration of a CANDU reactor is very different from that of a Soviet-designed RBMK reactor such as the one that suffered an accident in April 1986. These differences make it impossible for an accident such as that which happened at Chernobyl to occur in any reactor in Canada. The Senate Standing Committee on Energy, the Environment and Natural Resources understood very well those differences when it wrote its report on nuclear reactor safety. The Senate committee concluded, "After several years of study, the committee feels secure in the knowledge that Canada's domestic nuclear reactors are among the safest in operation anywhere in the world. With continued vigilant oversight, we feel that nuclear generated electricity can continue to play a vital role in providing Canadians with electricity." Colin Hunt, Director of Research and Publications, Canadian Nuclear Association, Ottawa Legal Notice: Copyright Toronto Star Newspapers Limited. All ***************************************************************** 75 Wiener Zeitung: Austria fights nuclear energy [Wahlen-Portal der Wiener Zeitung] 20th anniversary of Chernobyl fall-out. Vienna. Most Austrians are opposed to nuclear power stations. Still, power from such sources comes to the country from abroad. Vienna. Most Austrians are opposed to nuclear power stations. Still, power from such sources comes to the country from abroad. Commemorating the 20th anniversary of the nuclear catastrophe at Chernobyl, several politicians have affirmed their commitment to a nuclear free Austria. Among them were not only Greens and Social Democrats but also the leader of the Freedom Party, HeinzChristian Strache. He demanded that Austria back out of the Euratom treaty which is part of the EU constitution. He also joined the Greens in criticising the government for allegedly doing too little to prevent the EU spending money on nuclear energy rather than alternatives like water, wind or solar power. On April 26, 1986, several explosions destroyed reactor No. 4 at the Chernobyl power plant, turning it into a radioactive inferno. The Soviet government acknowledged the accident two days later -- after the fallout had set off radiation alarms in Sweden. The blaze raged for 10 days. Radioactive material was deposited worldwide. 26.04.2006 Wiener Zeitung - 1040 Wien · Wiedner Gürtel 10 · Tel. 01/206 99 0 · Impressum ***************************************************************** 76 Alarab Online: Iran to stop atomic transparency if attacked Iran's chief nuclear negotiator said on Tuesday his country would suspend its relations with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) if sanctions were imposed, as advocated by the United States. Ali Larijani also said Iran would stop acting transparently over its nuclear programme if was attacked militarily. The United States accuses Iran of seeking to build nuclear bombs and has been seeking support for international sanctions if Tehran does not halt uranium enrichment, as demanded by the U.N.Security Council. But Russia and China oppose such measures. "How are you going to prevent our activities by imposing sanctions? If you impose sanctions, Iran will suspend its relations with the agency) IAEA)," Larijani told a conference on nuclear issues in Tehran. "In case of military action against our country, Iran cannot be expected to act transparently (in its atomic work)," he said. The Security Council has asked the IAEA to report on Friday on Iran's compliance with its demands that Tehran halt uranium enrichment and answer the agency's queries on its nuclear work. The U.N. nuclear watchdog has said it cannot yet confirm Iran's assertion that its atomic activities are purely civilian. But it has found no hard proof of a military programme. Asked about France's attitude towards any U.S. military action against Iran, French Foreign Minister Philippe Douste-Blazy told France 2 television: "For us, obviously, that is absolutely not on the agenda. France, more than ever, is attached to the Charter of the United Nations.We think that decisions like that should be taken together, multilaterally. "It's the U.N.Security Council that should give its agreement and must politically support the IAEA." China urges negotiations China called on the international community on Tuesday not to give up on negotiations to resolve a crisis over Iran's nuclear ambitions. "We advocate appropriately resolving this issue through negotiation and peaceful means," Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang told a regular news briefing. "The international community should not forsake peaceful negotiation and any measures should be conducive to that goal." His comments came a day after Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said he did not expect U.N.sanctions to be imposed on Iran over its nuclear programme and vowed to press ahead with uranium enrichment. Spokesman Qin also reiterated China's call on all sides to maintain restraint and exercise flexibility . "ElBaradei's report on Iran will be negative" A key report by U.N. nuclear Chief Mohamed ElBaradei on Iran's cooperation with U.N.Security Council demands that it suspend uranium enrichment will be negative, the U.S.ambassador to the IAEA said on Tuesday. "This report that is due on Friday is meant to cover Iran's compliance with the demands of the (IAEA) board of governors and the Security Council," U.S. ambassador to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Gregory Schulte said. "Given the announcement they made two weeks ago (about enriching uranium) and given the apparent failure to cooperate further with the IAEA, we can only expect a negative report." Alarab Online. © 2005 All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 77 Rutland Herald: Watchdogs cry foul in Yankee power increase Rutland Vermont News & Information April 25, 2006 By DAVID GRAM The Associated Press MONTPELIER — The Vermont Public Service Board committed "extreme procedural violations" when it gave final approval for the Vermont Yankee nuclear plant to increase its power output by 20 percent, a nuclear watchdog group has charged. The board's decision, on the heels of final approval for the power increase by the federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission, said Vermont Yankee and the NRC had made a satisfactory effort to meet a key condition the board had set when it gave the power boost its tentative approval in March of 2004. The NRC has exclusive jurisdiction over several issues surrounding nuclear plants, including their safety. But the state Public Service Board has the authority to weigh the economic impacts of power plants and other utility projects. During board hearings on the power increase, the New England Coalition argued for an "independent safety assessment" of Vermont Yankee before it was allowed to increase power. The board instead called for a special NRC review of the likely effect the power increase might have on the plant's reliability. It reasoned that it had the power to call for such a review as a condition for approving the power increase because the plant's reliability would affect electric rates by increasing the likelihood of outages at Vermont Yankee. The NRC did a special review. In its March 3 order, the board said in effect that although the federal agency's review was not exactly what it had called for, it was good enough. The NRC review "did not employ precisely the same methodology we had requested," the board said. But it said it "appears to have nonetheless achieved the same purpose." In its appeal, the coalition said the board reached that conclusion without any of the usual court-like hearings in which witnesses can be cross-examined. The board hosted a conference with the NRC to hear about its inspection, but the information gathered there was not under oath, the group said. "The NRC specifically acknowledged that its inspection did not even address the reliability of the plant, but was rather limited to an examination of whether certain safety mechanisms would operate in the event of an accident," the coalition's appeal said. Robert Williams, spokesman for Vermont Yankee owner Entergy Nuclear, said the "the NRC conducted the most comprehensive review of any plant uprate they've ever done." He added that "the PSB relied on those comprehensive reviews and they rightly decided not to modify their approval. We're very confident the Vermont Supreme Court will affirm the board's decisions." Vermont Yankee has been increasing power in stages. It raised the level to 115 percent of its original power output on Saturday; data the plant collected after reaching that level is now being reviewed by the NRC, Williams said. ***************************************************************** 78 NRC: Sunshine Act Meetings FR Doc 06-3945 [Federal Register: April 25, 2006 (Volume 71, Number 79)] [Notices] [Page 23952] From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr25ap06-124] Date: Weeks of April 24, May 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 2006. Place: Commissioners' Conference Room, 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland. Status: Public and Closed. Matters To Be Considered: Week of April 24, 2006 Monday, April 24, 2006 2 p.m.: Meeting with Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), FERC Headquarters, 888 First St., NE., Washington, DC 20426, Room 2C (Public Meeting), (Contact: Mike Mayfield, 301-415-3298). This meeting will be webcast live at the Web address--http://www.ferc.gov . Wednesday, April 26, 2006 1 p.m.: Discussion of Management Issues (Closed--Ex. 2). Thursday, April 27, 2006 1:30 p.m.: Meeting with Department of Energy (DOE) on New Reactor Issues (Public Meeting). This meeting will be webcast live at the Web address--http://www.nrc.gov . Week of May 1, 2006--Tentative Tuesday, May 2, 2006 9:30 a.m.: Briefing on Status of Emergency Planning Activities-- Morning Session (Public Meeting) (Contact: Eric Leeds, 301-415-2334). 1 p.m.: Briefing on Status of Emergency Planning Activities-- Afternoon Session (Public Meeting). These meetings will be webcast live at the Web address--http://www.nrc.gov . Wednesday, May 3, 2006 8:55 a.m.: Affirmation Session (Public Meeting) (Tentative). a. ANDREW SIEMASZKO, Docket No. IA-05-021, unpublished Licensing Board Order (Dec. 22, 2005) (Tentative). b. ANDREW SIEMASZKO, Docket No. IA- 05-021, unpublished Licensing Board Order (March 2, 2006) (Tentative). 9 a.m.: Briefing on Status of Risk-Informed, Performance-Based Regulation (Public Meeting) (Contact: Eileen McKenna, 301-415-2189). This meeting will be webcast live at the Web address--http://www.nrc.gov . Week of May 8, 2006--Tentative There are no meetings scheduled for the Week of May 8, 2006. Week of May 15, 2006--Tentative Monday, May 15, 2006 1 p.m.: Briefing on Status of Implementation of Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Meeting) (Contact: Scott Moore, 301-415-7278). This meeting will be Web cast live at the Web address--http://www.nrc.gov . Tuesday, May 16, 2006 9:30 a.m.: Briefing on Results of the Agency Action Review Meeting--Reactors/Materials (Public Meeting) (Contact: Mark Tonacci, 301-415-4045). This meeting will be Web cast live at the Web address--http://www.nrc.gov . Week of May 22, 2006--Tentative Wednesday, May 24, 2006 9:30 a.m.: Discussion of Security Issues (Closed--Ex. 1). 1:30 p.m.: All Employees Meeting (Public Meetings), Marriott Bethesda North Hotel, Salons, D-H, 5701 Marinelli Road, Rockville, MD 20852. Week of May 29, 2006-Tentative Wednesday, May 31, 2006 1 p.m.: Discussion of Security Issues (Closed--Ex. 1). Additional Information The Briefing on Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Programs (Public Meeting) previously scheduled on May 22, 2006, has been postponed and will be rescheduled. *The schedule for Commission meetings is subject to change on short notice. To verify the status of meetings call (recording)-- (301) 415-1292. Contact person for more information: Michelle Schroll, (301) 415-1662. The NRC Commission Meeting Schedule can be found on the Internet at: http://www.nrc.gov/what-we-do/policy-making/schedule.html. The NRC provides reasonable accommodation to individuals with disabilities where appropriate. If you need a reasonable accommodation to participate in these public meetings, or need this meeting notice or the transcript or other information from the public meetings in another format (e.g., braille, large print), TDD: 301-415-2100, or by e-mail at DLC@nrc.gov. Determinations on requests for reasonable accommodation will be made on a case-by-case basis. This notice is distributed by mail to several hundred subscribers; if you no longer wish to receive it, or would like to be added to the distribution, please contact the Office of the Secretary, Washington, DC 20555 (301-415-1969). In addition, distribution of this meeting notice over the Internet system is available. If you are interested in receiving this Commission meeting schedule electronically, please send an electronic message to dkw@nrc.gov. Dated: April 20, 2006. R. Michelle Schroll, Office of the Secretary. [FR Doc. 06-3945 Filed 4-21-06; 2:01 pm] BILLING CODE 7590-01-M ***************************************************************** 79 People's Daily: Official: Chernobyl pollution still affects 1.5 million Russians UPDATED: 09:05, April 25, 2006 More than 1.5 million Russians live in areas contaminated by radiation from the Chernobyl nuclear disaster 20 years ago, health officials said yesterday, and some regularly consume irradiated foods. Gennady Onishchenko, Russia's chief public health official, said in a statement that about 4,300 towns and villages in 14 Russian provinces are located in areas irradiated from the nuclear accident on April 26, 1986. While food products are safe in most of those provinces, tests indicated exceptional radiation levels in about 13 per cent of the livestock and vegetables from private farms in the western Bryansk and Kaluga regions, he said. The explosion at Chernobyl's reactor No 4 spewed radiation across northern Ukraine, western Russia, Belarusand much of northern Europe over a 10-day period. Death tolls connected to the explosion, which released about 400 times more radiation than the US atom bomb dropped over Hiroshima, remain hotly debated, though at least 31 people died as a direct result of trying to contain the fire. Thousands have been diagnosed with thyroid cancer and the UN health agency said that about 9,300 people are likely to die of cancers caused by radiation. Some groups, however, including Greenpeace, have put the numbers 10 times higher. Meanwhile, activists of a Chernobyl victims group called on the government to pay off millions of dollars in compensation to cleanup workers and restore long-time benefits, such as free health care. Vladimir Demidov, a Health Ministry official charged with Chernobyl matters, said between 7,000 and 8,000 Russians died as a result of the accident, and some 60,000 have been declared disabled because of the sustained damage to their health. Vyacheslav Grishin, head of Russia's Chernobyl Union, disputed the figures. He said the estimated 30,000 Russian cleanup workers who have died since the accident perished as a result of physical and psychological ailments. He urged government officials to pay Chernobyl cleanup workers 2 billion rubles (US$73 million) in compensation, to which he said courts have ruled they are entitled. Source: China Daily Copyright by People's Daily Online, all rights reserved ***************************************************************** 80 NRCU: Chernobyl budget on medical treatment [Govt decides on how to spend budgetary means on Chornobyl-affected citizens' medical treatment and rehabilitation] 25-04-2006 17:41 Govt decides on how to spend budgetary means on Chornobyl-affected citizens' medical treatment and rehabilitation The document specifies, in particular, that these funds are primarily meant for treating grave oncological cases, who need expensive medicines and medical equipment. [SPF chairwoman Valentyna Semeniuk refuses to comply with Government's errand to sell UkrTelecom] 25-04-2006 17:37 SPF chairwoman Valentyna Semeniuk refuses to comply with Government's errand to sell UkrTelecom In early January 2006 Prime Minister Yuriy Yekhanurov entrusted the SPF and the Transportation &Communication Ministry to start preparations for the UkrTelecom company's privatization, tentatively slated for 2006. [Luhansk Regional Rada decides on giving Russian regional language status] 25-04-2006 17:31 Luhansk Regional Rada decides on giving Russian regional language status The Regional Rada's deputies basically members of the Regions Party) proceeded from the European Charter on regional languages and languages of national minorities in adopting the resolution. 25-04-2006 17:26 President intends to come to VR if judges of Constitutional Court are to take oath there As deputy Presidential press secretary Larysa Mudrak disclosed, Viktor Yushchenko is scheduled to be in Chornobyl tomorrow to attend the events dedicated to the 20th anniversary of Chornobyl accident. [BYUT questions the legitimacy of Leonid Chernovetskiy's election Kyiv mayor.] 25-04-2006 16:56 BYUT questions the legitimacy of Leonid Chernovetskiy's election Kyiv mayor. This was aired by BYUT deputy chief of staff Mikhailo Brodskiy. According to him, the Yuliya Tymoshenko Bloc does not rule out an all-city referendum on whether Kyiv residents really wish to see Leonid Chernovetskiy their mayor. [Kyiv hosts presentation of documentary film "Usual Chornobyl"] 25-04-2006 16:48 Kyiv hosts presentation of documentary film "Usual Chornobyl" It is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the Chornobyl accident. The film included cuts-in from the "Chornobyl: Two Colors of Time" series, some shoots of 1986 to 1999 as well as interviews by USSR high-ranking officials. [Number of death cases of cancer caused by Chornobyl accident possibly to reach 9 thousand people] 25-04-2006 16:46 Number of death cases of cancer caused by Chornobyl accident possibly to reach 9 thousand people Such estimations of the World Health Organization were disclosed by deputy Director General of the World Health Organization Susanna Veber-Mosdorf. 25-04-2006 16:01 Chornobyl catastrophe served bitter but important lesson for world community This was disclosed today at the conference, dubbed "Twenty Years Of Chornobyl Accident. Future Outlook". 25-04-2006 15:56 Speaker sends messages of condolences to Egyptian parliament leaders on terrorist attacks in Dahab The messages of Verkhovna Rada Chairman Volodymyr Lytvyn resolutely condemn the attacks as attempts to sow fear and despondency within the society and state wholehearted support for Egypt in countering terrorism. 25-04-2006 15:51 Director General of the UNESCO views readiness to accidents and their prevention as hugest humanitarian protection of humanity This was noted by Koichiro Matssura while speaking at the humanitarian forum, dubbed "Revival, Reconstruction And Human Development" http://www.nrcu.gov.ua © The National Radio Company of Ukraine. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 81 Interfax: EU to continue to offer Chornobyl aid to Ukraine Interfax-Ukraine News Agency Kyiv, April 25 (Interfax) - The European Commission is to continue with its projects to combat the consequences of the Chornobyl disaster. The European Commission will continue to implement its projects aimed at increasing nuclear security and at promoting the development of the effected Ukrainian regions. The European Commission will remain an active partner on Chornobyl issues. We will continue to work together to prevent similar disasters in the future, head of the Delegation of the European Commission to Ukraine, Moldova and Belarus Ian Boag said at an international conference entitled '20 years after the Chornobyl disaster. Looking to the future'. 10:46:59 EET-2 << Back --> © 1992-2006, Interfax-Ukraine. All rights reserved All information placed on this web-site is designed for internal use only. Its reproduction or distribution in any form is prohibited without a written permission of Interfax-Ukraine. ***************************************************************** 82 Kyiv Post: Chernobyl 'liquidators' on hunger strike to protest paltry disability payments Apr 25 2006, 20:44 SESTRORETSK, Russia (AP) - As the world marks the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear tragedy Wednesday, seven men in northwestern Russia will end a hunger strike launched to focus attention on the workers drafted to clean up the site - and now scraping by on disability payments they receive for their exposure to radiation. "It is as if the state ... wants us to die sooner," said Igor Stolbikov, 48, who stopped eating and drinking on April 20. He receives 3,000 rubles ($110) a month from the state, he said. "It is impossible even to survive on that money." Some 600,000 so-called "liquidators" like Stolbikov were sent from all over the Soviet Union to the Chernobyl plant in the then-republic of Ukraine after April 26, 1986, explosion and fire. Many were soldiers, workers or coal miners drafted to clean up the site and to cover the destroyed reactor in a coffin of steel and concrete intended to contain the radiation. In 1991, Soviet authorities offered a generous package of benefits to Chernobyl cleanup workers. But over time it has been cut back, and in 2004 authorities eliminated 10 of the 25 original benefits, including free health treatment and public transportation. Requirements to prove a connection between Chernobyl liquidation service and any given illness have also become tougher, making it more difficult to collect benefits. At least 31 people died as a direct result of trying to contain the fire, but experts are divided over the disaster's long-term impact on mortality. The U.N. World Health Organization says about 9,300 people are likely to die of cancers caused by Chernobyl radiation - which was about 400 times higher than that released by the U.S. atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima. Greenpeace puts Chernobyl's potential toll 10 times higher. Stolbikov spent 10 months at Chernobyl beginning in November 1986. Years later, he developed respiratory problems and chronic headaches, which were diagnosed as symptoms of brain damage. Nine years ago, he was forced to stop working and live on his monthly disability payment. "When they sent me to Chernobyl, I did not yet have children. When I came back, the doctors said it was already too late for me to have them," he said. He and five fellow liquidators have spent the week in an apartment in Sestroretsk, a town 30 kilometers (20 miles) west of St. Petersburg. The men lie gaunt and weak on a floor covered with mattresses. Another former liquidator has been on hunger strike in his own apartment since April 5 - though he sometimes has had water. Sergei Kulish, 44, said he wanted to draw attention to Chernobyl's forgotten heroes. "Chernobyl liquidators keep dying one by one. They lose their teeth. They mostly cannot work because of their disability. And they get ridiculously low support from the state," he said. Despite their hopes, the hunger strike has gotten minimal media coverage. But state-controlled channels gave broad play to Russian President Vladimir Putin's awarding of medals Tuesday to people who helped clean up after the disaster. "You not only saw the extent of the catastrophe, not only shared in the suffering, but also fought in difficult circumstances. Many were killed," Putin said. "The full extent of personal risk and possible consequences was not known," Putin said. "And your self-assertion and ability to collect yourselves in an extreme situation saved a huge number of human lives." Kulish went to the Chernobyl zone in 1986. He was 24, had finished his army service and had two children. "They called me up because, when in the army, I served in the radiation reconnaissance unit," he said. "I was involved in measuring the level of radiation at the station itself and in the surrounding areas." He said that at some point cleanup commanders thought the town of Pripyat, the closest to the station, could be saved, so they sent people there to wash asphalt and dig the soil. The weather was hot, and some of the workers took off their respirators, increasing the health risks. Later, it was understood no one could live in Pripyat anymore. When Kulish came home from Chernobyl, he said, his body began to waste away. The degeneration stopped after a while - but the headaches, heart and other health problems continue. Experts acknowledge that rates of thyroid cancer - particularly among people who were children at the time of the disaster - have skyrocketed since then, and that cancer is internationally recognized as caused by radiation contamination. Ukrainian studies also have recorded increases in leukemia and other cancers. Kyiv Post ***************************************************************** 83 Reuters: CHRONOLOGY-Nuclear accidents worldwide 25 Apr 2006 16:54:39 GMT Source: Reuters April 25 (Reuters) - Chernobyl No. 4 nuclear reactor blew up 20 years ago. The reactor, in what was then the Soviet republic of Ukraine, spewed a huge cloud of radioactive dust over much of Europe in what was the worst nuclear accident the world has ever seen. The following is a chronology of some major accidents at nuclear plants in the last 50 years. Oct. 7, 1957 - Fire destroys the core of a plutonium-producing reactor at Britain's Windscale nuclear complex -- since renamed Sellafield. 1957/8 - A serious accident occurs near the town of Kyshtym in the Urals. A Russian scientist who first reported the disaster estimated that hundreds died from radiation sickness. Jan. 1961 - Three technicians die at a U.S. plant in Idaho Falls in an accident at an experimental reactor. 1965 - The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission deliberately produces a low-intensity radioactive cloud from a nuclear reactor over Los Angeles. Oct. 1966 - The core of an experimental reactor near Detroit partly melts when a sodium cooling system fails. Oct. 1969 - In Saint-Laurent, France, a fuel-loading error sparks a partial meltdown at a gas-cooled power reactor. Dec. 1975 - Fire breaks out at the Lubmin nuclear power complex in former East Germany after an electrician's mistake. Some reports say there was a near-meltdown of the reactor core. March 1979 - America's worst nuclear accident occurs at the Three Mile Island plant near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. A partial meltdown of one of the reactors leaks radioactive gas. Aug. 1979 - Uranium spews out of a top-secret nuclear fuel plant in Tennessee. About 1,000 people are contaminated with up to five times normal annual radiation levels. Nov. 1983 - Britain's Sellafield plant accidentally discharges radioactive waste into the Irish Sea, prompting environmentalists to demand its closure. Aug. 1985 - A blast devastates the Shkotovo-22 repair facility which services Soviet navy nuclear-powered vessels. Ten are killed and many die later of radiation exposure. April 1986 - In the world's worst nuclear accident, an explosion and fire at the Chernobyl nuclear plant in Ukraine spews radiation over much of Europe. Thirty-one people die in the immediate aftermath. Hundreds of thousands are evacuated and a similar number suffer the effects of radiation. Nov. 1992 - In France's most serious nuclear accident, three workers are contaminated after entering a nuclear particle accelerator in Forbach without protective clothing. Nov. 1995 - At Chernobyl, serious contamination occurs when fuel is being removed from one of the reactors. Sept. 1999 - Two workers die at a uranium processing plant at Tokaimura, 140 km (90 miles) northeast of Tokyo, and hundreds are exposed to radiation after workers trigger an uncontrolled chain reaction by using buckets to mix nuclear fuel in a tub. Aug. 2004 - Hot water and steam leaking from a broken pipe at Kansai Electric Power Co.'s Mihama No. 3 nuclear power generator kills five workers in Japan's worst-ever nuclear power plant accident. Source: Reuters Last updated:Tue Apr 25 17:01:29 2006 ***************************************************************** 84 ITAR-TASS: Soviet government concealed Chernobyl disaster truth for long 25.04.2006, 15.38 MOSCOW, April 25 (Itar-Tass) - Two blasts ripped the air at the fourth reactor of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine on April 26, 1986 at 01.24 hours. The unprecedented nuclear disaster according to scientific estimates equaled at least four Hiroshimas by the level of radioactive emission. However, the Soviet government kept mum three days about the tragedy, threatening the life of many hundreds of thousands of people, although its real scale was known six minutes after the blasts fully destroyed the fourth reactor. Fire engines, commanded by Lieutenants Viktor Kibenok and Vladimir Pravik, arrived to the place of the disaster at 01.30 hours. They absorbed the entire power of radioactive radiation, staying on the roof of the reactor house. The fire was localized by five o’clock in the morning. Kibenok and Pravik as well as their subordinates sustained heavy dozes of radiation and died. The two were awarded the top title of the Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously. However, Soviet television initially refuted Western reports about the disaster in Chernobyl and screened photographs of yet undamaged plant. Only three days later, a brief statement by the Soviet government, which took only eight newspaper lines, appeared in the bottom right corner on the front page of the Izvestia daily on April 29. It only reported an accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and said one of the reactors was damaged and medical aid is being rendered to the injured. The same front page carried an article in the top left corner entitled “Festive mood” in connection with the upcoming May Day holidays. Although rumors about the real enormity of the disaster were quickly spreading all over Ukraine and neighboring Belarus and Russia, thousands of unaware people turned out for the May Day demonstration in Kiev, situated mere 140 kilometers away from Chernobyl. On May 2, Soviet Prime Minister Nikolai Ryzhkov visited Chernobyl. It was reported that he “discussed measures on wiping out the seat of the breakdown and on rendering aid to population”. Not a word was said about the true scope of the catastrophe. On May 4, the Pravda newspaper, the mouthpiece of the Soviet Communist Party, accused the West of “spreading concoctions and fabrications” about the scale of the breakdown so as “to detract attention of the world public” from the militarist policy of imperialism. “Sponsors of propaganda shows care precisely for this rather than for the health of people,” Pravda wrote. On May 6, the Soviet government reported that “the radioactive situation in the Ukrainian and Belarussian territories is stabilizing and tends to improve”. It for the first time admitted that people were evacuated from a 30-kilometer zone around Chernobyl. Later in the day, the press center of the Soviet Foreign Ministry reported that two people had died while eliminating the aftermath of the accident, and “only 204 people were hospitalized with various degrees of radioactive dose”. On May 9, an international cycling race was held in Kiev. In the meantime, thousands of people from all over the former Soviet Union, the so-called “liquidators”, were summoned to eliminate the aftermath of the unprecedented disaster. Work was done mostly manually. People with spades removed the top layer of soil on the grounds of the station, dumped reinforcement chunks with hands, graphite from the roof of the reactor house, and washed down radioactive dirt with mops inside the plant. Chernobyl liquidators prevented another major disaster, which could have occurred as the destroyed reactor was heaped with sand sacks to shut it down and to stop radiation discharges. The multi-ton sand could break the load-carrying structures, and the reactor could have fallen into the cooling pool with a multi-ton mass of water, located underneath. This could have provoked a hydrogen explosion, which would have ruined the three remaining reactors of the plant. Liquidators dug a tunnel under the reactor, holed the pool’s wall and pumped the water out. A new disaster was warded off. Later a sarcophagus or shelter was built over the destroyed reactor. Chernobyl has been a common name for 20 years, symbolizing nuclear hazard. © ITAR-TASS. All rights reserved. You undertake not to copy, ***************************************************************** 85 ITAR-TASS: Int’l efforts required for building new Chernobyl confinement 25.04.2006, 13.53 MOSCOW, April 25 (Itar-Tass) - A safe protective confinement over the reactor that exploded at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant 20 years ago, on April 26, 1986, has not been built so far. Russia confirms its readiness to participate in cooperation with other countries in the efforts aimed at final liquidation of consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. The problem of the reconstruction of the sarcophagus, or the confinement, over the reactor emerged back in 1989, when its declared service time of 30 years was admitted mistaken. Facility Confinement has been a main area of international cooperation in the liquidation of the consequences of the accident since then. In 1996-97, G7countries and Ukraine developed a plan of measures and founded the Chernobyl Confinement Fund managed by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) that became the first consultant of the project. Initial costs of work to build a new safe confinement (NSC) were put at 300 million dollars and total costs of the plan at 758 million dollars. However, a tender for the NSC has not been finished so far, as analysis of bids has shown that its costs could approach one billion dollars, with a significant deficit of the fund’s budget. At present, the summary donor payments to the Chernobyl Confinement Fund are 900 million dollars. Ukraine has informed the EBRD about losing its trust in key workers of the Project Management Group and in fact demanded organising a new tender. Citing charter rules of the Chernobyl Confinement Fund, the EBRD disagreed to a repeat tender. The US backed its stance. Even though the issue of the tender for NSC has stalled, the Russian company Atomstroieksport takes part in work to stabilise the old confinement and improve its nuclear safety. In May 2005, the Russian government made the decisions on the Rosatom nuclear energy agency’s participation in the Chernobyl Confinement Fund and on payment of 10 million dollars to it. Besides, the government decided to set up a Russian-Ukrainian working group on comprehensive organisation of long-term dry storage of non-hermetic and damaged spent nuclear fuel after putting the Chernobyl nuclear power plant out of operation. © ITAR-TASS. All rights reserved. You undertake not to copy, ***************************************************************** 86 [NukeNet] NRC says it can't investigate day-care concerns Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2006 21:03:56 -0700 NukeNet Anti-Nuclear Network (nukenet@energyjustice.net) http://www.pennlive.com/search/index.ssf?/base/news/114588481928210.xml?pennnews&coll=1 NRC says it can't investigate day-care concerns Sunday, April 23, 2006 BY GARRY LENTON Of The Patriot-News The federal agency that licenses commercial nuclear reactors can't say for sure if preschool children in day-care centers and nursery schools will be evacuated if another nuclear emergency occurs in Pennsylvania. And though questions have been raised about potential weaknesses in the state's emergency planning, a U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission official said the agency can't investigate the claims because its authority does not extend beyond the borders of the plants. The Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Emergency Management Agency determine if local emergency plans around nuclear plants comply with NRC licensing regulations, said Gregory C. Cwalina, an NRC senior allegation coordinator. He made the statement in an April 3 letter to Larry Christian and Eric Epstein, chairman of the watchdog group Three Mile Island Alert. Christian and Epstein maintain the plans fail to protect preschool children in private day-care centers and nursery schools. In an allegation filed with the agency this year, the two claim that NRC licensing requirements are not being enforced. "We are unable to substantiate your concern that nuclear power reactor licensees operating in ... Pennsylvania are in violation of federal regulations," Cwalina wrote. Before the federal government grants a license for a nuclear plant, state and local officials have to develop evacuation plans for people within 10 miles of a plant, including those in hospitals, nursing homes and schools. If the allegations of Christian and Epstein are correct, the NRC could order the state's five nuclear plants to shut down until the evacuation plans are revised. FEMA and the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency, two agencies that review emergency planning, say the plan meets NRC requirements. FEMA tested the TMI emergency plan last May and found no problems. No day-care centers or nursery schools were contacted in the drill, however. Instead, FEMA verified that municipal officials had names and telephone numbers for day-care centers. "All they did was look at what they had on paper and say it's adequate," Epstein said. "Ink on paper doesn't evacuate children." A survey of day-care center operators conducted last year by Epstein's EFMR Monitoring Group, found that 87 percent did not know how they would move their children to safety if an evacuation was declared. More than half did not know where they would take their children. EFMR is a nonprofit group established by Epstein to measure radiation around TMI. The survey represented nearly 40 day-care centers. Christian, a father of two, raised the issue with the NRC three years ago. He called the agency's refusal to act on the allegation "completely absurd." Epstein accused the agency of criminal negligence and said TMI Alert planned to pursue the issue in court. "At some point, somebody has to produce evidence that special needs populations can be evacuated," he said. NRC spokeswoman Diane Screnci said the letter was a response to a specific allegation and did not mean the agency was finished examining the issue. She said the NRC is working with FEMA to ensure emergency planning meets the requirements. When asked if the NRC had the authority to second-guess FEMA's evaluations, Screnci said, "we rely on FEMA to give us an evaluation." The assertion that the NRC can't tell FEMA to correct a problem seems to contradict statements made last month by NRC Commissioner Gregory B. Jaczko. In a speech at the National Radiological Emergency Preparedness Conference, Jaczko said, "the NRC has the ultimate authority and responsibility" to ensure public health and safety around nuclear power plants. The co-author of the licensing requirements also questioned the letter's interpretation of NRC policy. Licensing decisions are based on the NRC's review of FEMA findings, said Michael Jamgochian, a senior NRC engineer. Harrisburg Mayor Stephen R. Reed described the NRC position as "curious and conflicting." "The public safety is a major component of licensing," he said. "So it's a little disingenuous to say that [NRC] have no off-site jurisdiction when indeed they do." David Lochbaum, a nuclear safety expert with the Union of Concerned Scientists, said NRC's decision to hand all authority over off-site emergency planning to FEMA raised questions about the agency's ability to evaluate public safety at all nuclear plants. "The only difference between New Orleans and the communities around Three Mile Island is that FEMA's bluff hasn't been called," he said, referring to FEMA's much-criticized response to Hurricane Katrina last fall. GARRY LENTON: 255-8264 or glenton@patriot-news.com _______________________________________________________________________ Subscribe/Unsubscribe Here: http://www.energyjustice.net/nukenet/ Change your settings or access the archives at: http://energyjustice.net/mailman/listinfo/nukenet_energyjustice.net ***************************************************************** 87 [NukeNet] The truth about evacuation plans Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2006 21:03:59 -0700 NukeNet Anti-Nuclear Network (nukenet@energyjustice.net) Published in 2000 Give Delawareans some say before emergency Delaware News Journal 08/28/2000 http://www.delawareonline.com/newsjournal/opinion/devoice/08282000.html I recently spoke before the New Jersey Emergency Management Agency concerning an evacuation plan in case of a nuclear power plant accident at Salem. I had that privilege because the New Jersey legislature has made provisions for an annual hearing to allow the public to voice concerns and make suggestions. Even though more people live in the shadow of these plants on the Delaware side of the river, no such opportunity is granted by this state. The Delaware Emergency Management Agency is responsible for a 10-mile radius, called the Emergency Planning Zone. DEMA has plans for three options, depending on the severity of the accident: access control, sheltering, evacuation. - All access to the emergency zone would be closed. With enough police, that could be accomplished. - People would be ordered to stay in their homes with doors and windows closed. How that is to be accomplished is not clear, particularly since most people I have talked to are not familiar with the possibility of such an order and its grave importance. Whether this order even could be enforced and how many police it would take are open questions. - Evacuation. Here is where the plan seems to fall apart. A recent study reveals serious flaws. Mass exodus Spontaneous evacuation is not taken into account. Should DEMA order the evacuation of the emergency zone, mass exodus also will have taken place outside the zone by the time emergency personnel arrives. That will prevent those who have been exposed to nuclear effects from getting to designated shelters. That occurred during the Three Mile Island accident in 1979 in Pennsylvania. A recent study shows that the evacuation of pregnant women and preschool children in a five-mile zone would have involved 3,400 evacuees. But 200,000 people evacuated, about 39 percent of the population within 15 miles of the reactor. Also not taken into consideration is role conflict. For example, emergency personnel assigned to evacuate students, the elderly, hospitals and prisons might give priority to their families. Researchers studying the now closed Shoreham nuclear power station questioned bus drivers and volunteer firefighters as to what they would do if evacuation of a 10-mile zone was ordered; 68 percent of 291 firefighters and 73 percent of 264 bus drivers indicated family obligations would take precedence over emergency duties. During the Three Mile Island accident, conflict extended to nurses, physicians and technicians. At one local hospital, only six of the 70 doctors scheduled for weekend emergency duty reported for work. A nuclear power plant accident is considerably different from a natural disaster, such as a hurricane. People often have to be prodded to leave scenes of natural disasters. The stakes are much higher after a nuclear accident, and the passage of time does not make the estimates of danger more palatable. A study recently completed by the Sandia National Laboratory concluded that a worst-case accident at Salem I and II in New Jersey might kill more than 100,000 people. The officials for the New Jersey Radiological Response Plan were courteous, attentive and met with us privately before the official hearing. There is no provision in Delaware for public participation when those in charge have their meetings. I would hope that someone in the legislature would come forward to introduce a bill that would give us the same opportunity. Frieda Berryhill, of Heritage Park, was chairwoman of the Coalition for Nuclear Power Postponement . _______________________________________________________________________ Subscribe/Unsubscribe Here: http://www.energyjustice.net/nukenet/ Change your settings or access the archives at: http://energyjustice.net/mailman/listinfo/nukenet_energyjustice.net ***************************************************************** 88 komo news: Study: Cancer Deaths Not Higher In Tri-Cities Area KENNEWICK - Living near the Hanford nuclear reservation does not appear to increase cancer deaths. That's according to a new study published in the journal Health Physics. The study looked at the number of cancer deaths in Benton, Franklin, Adams and Walla Walla counties from 1950 through 2000. The study compared cancer rates in the four counties near Hanford, where radiation exposure is believed to have been the greatest, to five other counties not downwind of Hanford. The counties of Douglas, Skagit, Chelan, Kittitas and Whatcom were selected as a control group because they had similar economic and social characteristics. The only statistically significant difference in cancer rates between the Hanford counties and the control counties was a lower rate of lung cancer deaths for those near Hanford. The study said that may be because people near Hanford were less likely to smoke cigarettes. The study found 33 thyroid cancer deaths in the Hanford counties compared with 76 deaths in the control counties, which had a larger population. KOMO RADIO-TV ***************************************************************** 89 TIME.com: The Fallout Before a Bomb Test Wednesday, April 26, 2006 GETTY IMAGES Early Testing: A mushroom cloud rises over a 1951 atomic bomb detonation in Nevada. Web Exclusive| Nation A blast being planned for the Nevada desert revives some old atomic-age concerns By MARGOT ROOSEVELT Posted Tuesday, Apr. 25, 2006 Will a 10,000-foot cloud of dust from a massive bomb spread radioactive particles across the West? It sounds like a nightmare scenario from the 1950s. But that’s the question a U.S. district court in Las Vegas will seek to resolve next month. A Western Shoshone Indian tribe and representatives of two Salt Lake citizens groups have filed suit against the U.S. Defense Department to stop the June 2 detonation of a 700-ton ammonium nitrate and fuel oil bomb 90 miles northwest of Las Vegas. The test, announced by the Pentagon on April 4, and dubbed "Divine Strake," is designed to determine how a bomb might penetrate fortified underground bunkers. It will be the biggest open-air chemical blast ever conducted at the Nevada Test site — 280 times more powerful than the explosion that destroyed the Oklahoma City federal building in 1995. "The concern of downwind communities is ‘Here we go again,’" said plaintiff Stephen Erickson of the Salt Lake City-based Citizens Education Project. Though not a nuclear test, Erickson is afraid the huge blast "could kick up radioactive dust from previous nuclear testing," and claims "the Pentagon has sprung it on everybody with no examination of its effects." Nuclear weapons testing at the Nevada site from 1951 to 1992 is alleged to have caused tens of thousands of cancers in residents of Arizona, Utah, Nevada and Idaho. Although the findings are disputed, the 1990 federal Radiation Exposure Compensation Act provided compassionate payments to some victims. In announcing the test, James Tegnelia, director of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, told reporters the blast "is the first time in Nevada that you’ll see a mushroom cloud over Las Vegas since we stopped testing nuclear weapons." Later, after a rebuke from Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid, Tegnelia retracted the description. A Pentagon spokesman said the test would occur at least three miles from areas of known radioactive contamination and that the cloud would not be visible from Las Vegas. But Reid and other Congressional critics expressed dismay about the possible fallout. "I’m concerned that tests of this magnitude have been planned without providing Nevadans with any information about the possible impact on their health or safety," Reid said last month. The lawsuit, filed last week, demands that the Defense Department publish its plans in the Federal Register, provide the opportunity for public comment and conduct a full environmental impact statement on the effect of the explosion. "The Department of Defense appears to have learned nothing from Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Chernobyl and the devastating deaths caused to nuclear veterans and downwinders by atmospheric nuclear testing," the suit contends. The June 2 explosion, it added, would contaminate Native American land, "making it unfit for millions of years for an use by the Western Shoshone people or any other human beings." A Defense Department statement, however, declared, "No adverse impact on the environment or health of exercise participants or local residents is anticipated." EDITIONS: TIME Europe | TIME Asia | TIME Pacific | | ***************************************************************** 90 Sydney Morning Herald: Fast-bake fix straight from nuclear kitchen - National - smh.com.au Binding ties … Erden Sizgek and his wife, Devlet Sizgek, with a mock-up of the synroc plant. Photo: Bob Pearce By Richard Macey April 26, 2006 ALMOST three decades after it was proclaimed the solution to the world's nuclear waste problem, construction of the first synroc plant is about to begin. Unveiled in 1978 by Ted Ringwood, a geochemist from the Australian National University, synroc, or synthetic rock, was said to copy the way nature locked up radioactivity in the earth. But when Professor Ringwood died in 1993 there was little to show for his revolutionary idea. "Synroc had a marketing problem," said George Collins, chief of research at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) at Lucas Heights. "It was designed for high-level waste, concentrated waste from the reprocessing of fuel from nuclear power stations. But not many countries have high-level waste." But Dr Collins said synroc was "still a good idea". Instead of high-level nuclear waste, the synroc plant, to be operational in about two years, will store 5700 litres of intermediate-level waste produced at Lucas Heights during 30 years of making radioactive pharmaceuticals. The waste, from an isotope called molybdenum-99, will be bound into artificial rock made from titanium oxide, using a process Dr Collins described as similar to baking a cake. It re-created conditions near the planet's centre that naturally trapped radioactive elements such as uranium and thorium inside the crystal structures of rocks for millions of years. The technique has been refined at ANSTO by a team led by a Turkish-born couple, Dr Erden Sizgek and his wife, Dr Devlet Sizgek, who have completed a scale mock-up of the synroc plant, often hammering out technical details over the dinner table. The synroc and its waste would be put into cans and stored for ever at the proposed Northern Territory nuclear waste depot. Copyright © 2006. The Sydney Morning Herald. ***************************************************************** 91 Eureka Reporter: Bill on depleted uranium in Senate Tue. Apr. 25, 2006 by Rebecca S. Bender, 4/25/2006 A bill now working its way through the state Senate would set up a health screening system for U.S. veterans who may have been exposed to depleted uranium. SB 1720, the Veterans Health and Safety Act, was introduced by State Sen. Wes Chesbro (D-Arcata) in February. Recognizing the extensive use of depleted uranium by U.S. Armed Forces since the 1991 Gulf War and the health risks associated with the radioactive heavy metal — including kidney and lung damage, cancer and genetic mutations — the bill designates health screenings for veterans who may have been exposed. The purpose of this act is to safeguard the health of Californias veterans by assisting them in obtaining federal treatment services, including best practice health screening tests capable of detecting low levels of depleted uranium, it stated. It requires the adjutant general and the secretary of the California Department of Veterans Affairs to provide outreach and assistance to eligible veterans, defined as those who return to California following service in an area where depleted uranium was known to be used, or in an area that was designated as a combat zone by the U.S. president after 1990. The health screenings would include a bioassay procedure capable of detecting depleted uranium at low levels and discriminating between different uranium isotopes. An annual report on the efficacy of pre- and post-deployment training related to detecting exposure would also be submitted to the state legislative policy committees dealing with veterans affairs. Last week, the bill was re-referred to the Committee on Veterans Affairs. Another bill introduced by Chesbro and co-authored by Assemblymember Patty Berg (D-Eureka) expresses support for the federal Veterans Right to Know Act. That bill, HR 4259, was introduced in Congress by U.S. Rep. Mike Thompson (D-Napa). It signed into law, it would create a commission to investigate chemical and biological tests involving members of the armed services, particularly Project 112 and the Shipboard Hazard and Defense Project. It has been in the Subcommittee on Military Personnel since the end of November. The California lawmakers bill of support was also re-referred to the Committee on Veterans Affairs last week. Copyright (C) 2005, The Eureka Reporter. All ***************************************************************** 92 Salt Lake Tribune: Explosion test has Hatch upset Article Last Updated: 04/25/2006 02:28:36 AM MDT Concerns grow over possible dispersal of old radioactive material in Nevada By Robert Gehrke The Salt Lake Tribune WASHINGTON - Sen. Orrin Hatch has joined a group of Congress members voicing concerns about "Divine Strake," a massive explosion planned this summer at the Nevada Test Site that critics say could have nuclear implications. Hatch sent a letter Friday to the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, seeking assurances that the test would not disperse any radioactive material left over from past nuclear weapons tests at the Nevada site. "The more I look into this, the more upset I become," Hatch said in a statement. "The good people who live downwind from this test site have already been through enough, and I've given them my word that I'll never allow any nuclear testing that could harm them again. I have directed my staff to check into this very closely, and if I'm not satisfied that this will be safe, I'm going to do everything I can to put a stop to it." The agency has said that its environmental assessment determined there was no radioactive material at the site. But Hatch's interest was piqued when the environmental assessment first listed the blast site as being 2.5 miles from any prior radioactive testing, but in another location listed it as being 1.5 miles. Then in response to an inquiry, the actual location was determined to be 1.1 miles from prior testing. That prompted Hatch to ask the defense agency to review its data and provide assurances the test could be safe. Michelle Thomas, who is a Downwinder - a group of people suffering illnesses as a result of their exposure to radioactive fallout from Cold War nuclear tests - said Hatch did not express his concern during a sometimes heated public meeting with other downwinders last week. Thomas said she confronted the senator about the test safety and he defended the need for it. "I can't even believe they're doing it," said Thomas, who has suffered a number of ailments, primarily an immune deficiency, as a result of her radiation exposure. "I vacillate between rage and tears. I really did not dream they'd try one of these above-ground [tests]." At that Downwinders' event, according to The Spectrum in St. George, Hatch reportedly said he saw no reason to stop the test, but would put the brakes on if he thought it was unsafe. In his letter, Hatch said there are over 1,400 hardened bunkers and underground targets in such places as North Korea, China, Iran and Libya, and he understands the need to be able to penetrate them. The test itself, known as Divine Strake, involves detonating 700 tons of explosives on the Nevada Test Site. Pentagon budget documents say the test is intended to help war planners pick the smallest nuclear device needed to destroy hardened targets, like underground bunkers. That prompted concern from anti-proliferation groups and Downwinders that the test would lead to development of new, low-yield tactical nuclear weapons. The Defense Department has since said that the inclusion of "nuclear" in the budget document was an oversight, and the test is meant to gather data on ground-shaking for computer modeling. The explosives in the test are like those used in the Oklahoma City bombing, only 280 times stronger. The blast will be 50 times larger than that from the largest U.S.. conventional weapon. The Western Shoshone Indian tribe and two Utah Downwinders have filed a lawsuit in federal court to stop the test, arguing that the blast would stir up radioactive remnants from past tests. The plume from the explosion is expected to reach several thousand feet above the ground. Air monitors would be set up to track the debris. Rep. Jim Matheson, D-Utah, has also sent a letter to the agency, seeking assurances that there will not be any radioactive material dispersed, and inquiring if the test is truly designed to help develop new, low-yield nuclear weapons. Nevada Sen. Harry Reid and Rep. Shelley Berkley were briefed on the planned test and said it could be conducted safely. However, the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection has demanded additional air quality data and computer models for the test. Until they get those, the division said it will not grant a permit for the test to proceed. A Pentagon spokeswoman said it would provide the requested data and plans to stick to the June 2 test date. Hatch and Matheson will be sending staff to a special congressional briefing at the Nevada Test Site on Wednesday. © Copyright 2006, The Salt Lake Tribune. ***************************************************************** 93 delawareonline: Nuclear plant replacing critical pump The News Journal ¦ Environmentalists had warned of possible radiation release The News Journal 04/25/2006 A troubled, vibration-prone water pump near the core of the Hope Creek nuclear reactor has been removed and will be replaced, easing citizen groups’ concerns about a crippling breakdown or catastrophic leak. Nuclear Regulatory Commission officials ordered safety controls and special monitoring for the 20-foot-high pump in January 2005 after investigating complaints about risks posed by microscopic wobbles in a shaft that powers the system. The pump, critical to reactor operations, can move 100 million gallons of mildly radioactive cooling water each hour. Hope Creek’s principal owner, PSEG Nuclear, shut the plant for three months beginning in late 2004 while federal regulators investigated the vibrations and other safety concerns in the reactor, which stands along the Delaware River in New Jersey, opposite Augustine Beach. Environmental groups warned that a pump failure could disrupt reactor cooling systems and strain backup equipment, potentially crippling the 20-year-old plant and increasing risks of a radiation release. “Probably the best news that’s come in a long time is that [pump] shaft – bent or not – is no longer in that plant,” said David Lochbaum, a nuclear engineer and safety expert with the Union of Concerned Scientists. “Had that been my plant I’d have replaced that shaft a year ago” during an extended shutdown after an unrelated breakdown. Federal regulators reviewed the concerns but ruled that PSEG could operate safely under tight restrictions. Nuclear Regulatory Commission spokesman Neil Sheehan said the metal pump shaft would be examined closely for damage. Regulators early last year declared the system safe to operate until Hope Creek’s next refueling shutdown, which began April 6. “The good news is the pump made it through this operating cycle without encountering any difficulties," Sheehan said. Skip Sindoni, a spokesman for PSEG Nuclear, said the pump "performed as we expected" before its removal. Hope Creek and the nearby twin Salem Units I and II reactors rank as the nation's second-largest nuclear generating complex, capable of reliably producing more than 3,300 megawatts of electricity, or enough energy to meet the needs of nearly 3 million homes. One citizen group said Monday that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission failed to go far enough in making PSEG Nuclear fix its aging Hope Creek system. Norm Cohen of UNPLUG Salem said the company should have replaced both reactor cooling water pumps at Hope Creek. The two pump systems play an important role in fine tuning temperatures inside the radioactive core. "The other pump has just as many hours as the one they're replacing," Cohen said. The commission began investigating safety problems at PSEG's nuclear plants in 2003, after former PSEG senior manager Kymn Harvin raised concerns about management practices that tended to discourage workers from reporting unsafe conditions. The investigation eventually led to an agency order for reforms in PSEG's maintenance practices and work environment. Harvin, who was fired by PSEG in 2003, was scheduled to receive an award for "Outstanding Service in the Public Interest" from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers on Wednesday. Commission officials plan to review PSEG Nuclear's performance at Hope Creek and Salem Units I and II at a public meeting next month. A commission report issued in March said regulators plan to end special supervision of some maintenance management at the plants, but will continue to seek reforms in plant work practices that affect employee reporting of safety issues. Contact Jeff Montgomery at 678-4277 or . [ border=] Top Copyright © , The News Journal ***************************************************************** 94 Ensign: ENSIGN OFFERS TESTIMONY ON YUCCA MOUNTAIN HEARING United States Senator John Ensign 04/25/2006 Ensign offered written testimony for today’s House Subcommittee hearing on Yucca Mountain, criticizing the Department of Energy for haphazard and irresponsible work on the project. Today’s hearing was chaired by Representative Jon Porter. “Mr. Chairman, I remain dismayed, but frankly not surprised, that DOE has again cut corners on the very program which has been set up to verify that all scientific data and engineering designs submitted to support a license for Yucca Mountain are accurate and reliable,” Ensign’s statement reads in part. “Despite its promises DOE has been unable or unwilling to correct quality problems with data, models, software, and management since 1998 and continues to rely on costly and cumbersome reviews that, to date, have proven ineffective. For over 20 years, DOE has had problems developing and implementing the plans and procedures related to quality assurance.” Ensign’s statement also renewed his call for alternatives to Yucca Mountain. “We need to find another solution to our nuclear waste problem. I think that we need to amend the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 to require the title to all spent nuclear fuel, stored in dry casks, to be passed on to the DOE upon on-site transfer from storage pools to casks. Senator Reid and I introduced legislation to allow the DOE to assume liability of the waste onsite before it is transferred to Yucca Mountain. Conveying the title means the DOE will have full responsibility for the possession, stewardship, maintenance, and monitoring of all spent nuclear fuel.” “So far, the Department of Energy has done nothing to instill confidence that the science underpinning the Yucca Mountain program is truly sound.” ### ***************************************************************** 95 KLASTV.com: Yucca Mt. Project to Move Forward With Latest Decision Edward Lawrence, Reporter The U.S. Attorney's Office will not prosecute scientists who falsified reports concerning safely storing nuclear waste inside Yucca Mountain. In an ongoing debate over The Department of Energy and its plans to store high level nuclear waste 90 miles northwest of Las Vegas, these new developments have brought some relief to the agency. The DOE can continue to move forward without the black cloud of criminal charges against scientists working on the project. The U.S. Attorney's Office gave no reason as to why they declined to prosecute. The energy department's inspector general found quality assurance reports were falsified. The falsified reports were used to verify the science behind how water falls through the rocks at the repository -- water that could erode canisters allowing nuclear waste to spill out. The Nevada Agency for Nuclear Projects calls the decision not to prosecute a "whitewash." U.S. Attorney Daniel Bogden apparently felt it did not rise to the level of criminal charges. However, Yucca Mountain Project Spokesman Allen Benson says the DOE will make sure errors don't happen again. "We have spent a considerable amount of money running into the millions of dollars to investigate this matter and ensure that the science we are moving forward with is sound and it is," Bogden explained. It took six years for the Department of Energy to admit there were falsified reports. It took another six months for this decision not to prosecute. In the meantime, the project moves forward and the DOE will submit a license application next year. It appears the repository could open in 2020. Nevada delegates are reacting to the latest developments on Yucca Mountain. "A lack of charges in a criminal court does little to ease my concern for the safety of every man, woman and child in Nevada," said Rep. John Porter, (R) Nevada. Congresswoman Shelley Berkley echoed his statement, by saying, massive problems with quality assurance efforts at the site still remain, as do questions about seismic and volcanic activity, water flow, and the dangers of transporting waste to Nevada. Email reporter Edward Lawrence at elawrence@klastv.com All content © Copyright 2000 - 2006 WorldNow and KLAS. All ***************************************************************** 96 TimesUnion.com: More uranium-tainted soil found Cleanup of former National Lead plant in Colonie may be delayed by discovery By JORDAN CARLEO-EVANGELIST, Staff writer First published: Tuesday, April 25, 2006 COLONIE -- Workers have uncovered more radioactively contaminated soil beneath a defunct Central Avenue munitions plant than expected, a discovery that could end hopes of completing the main cleanup at the old National Lead site by September, officials said. The find, made during excavation about 30 days ago, does not show increased levels of radioactivity or pose a direct threat to public health, said James Moore, project manager for the New York District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, but it does indicate that more soil is polluted, and at greater depth, than officials anticipated. The contaminant, Moore said, is uranium-238, also known as depleted uranium, a radioactive isotope used at the site in producing armor and weapons. On Monday, Moore said it was too early to tell how much more contamination might be present or exactly how it may affect the project's timetable and budget. He characterized the find as "a little bit more radiological contamination, deeper than we expected." But the delay raises questions about whether the work on the 11.2-acre main site will be finished as planned by the end of the federal fiscal year, Moore said. "There's a certain amount of uncertainty in all the work that we do, and until we go there and physically excavate the area, we can only make estimates," Moore said. A similar discovery in 2004 extended work on the site for more than a year when workers found nearly double the amount of contamination they expected under the plant's foundation. More sampling was done that year to further survey the site just over the city-town line across from Osborne Road. The buildings were demolished more than a decade ago when the property was controlled by the U.S. Department of Energy. The site has been 80 percent cleaned, with only six half-acre units remaining, Moore said. Two of those parcels are nearly complete, he said. The Corps regularly updates the state Department of Environmental Conservation about progress on the site, said DEC spokeswoman Kimberly Chupa. News of the latest discovery emerged last week at a semi-annual public meeting held by the Corps to update residents on the project. The expansive cleanup, which has continued in some form since the federal government took control of the site in 1984, has already removed more than 175,500 tons of contaminated dirt, according to a fact sheet published by the Corps. That soil, contaminated with the byproducts of nearly five decades of work with toxic and radioactive materials, including lead, was loaded into rail cars and transported to disposal sites out west. Last year, the Corps told neighbors the work on the main site would likely be finished by the end of September, which is the end of the federal fiscal year. Once the main site, which housed the plant's buildings, has been cleaned, the Corps is scheduled to start a smaller cleanup on an adjacent piece of property now owned by freight rail company CSX Transportation. That cleanup, expected to take two to three months, won't start until work at the main site is complete. Thomas Ellis, an Albany resident who has been active in issues surrounding the National Lead cleanup for more than two decades, said he doesn't mind if the job takes longer. "Having it done right is more important than having it done now," Ellis said, adding that he hoped the extra time might allow the Corps to rethink its plans to clean the CSX site to a lesser degree than the main site. Plans for that location would remove soil contaminated at more than 96 picocuries per gram, rather than the more stringent standard of 35 picocuries per gram that the federal government set for the main site. "Since it's going to be delayed anyway, take another look at it," said Ellis, a member of Community Concerned About National Lead. "Take a real hard look at it." Despite the setback, Moore said he still expects the cleanup to be completed below the $200 million projection. The site is being cleaned up under the federal Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program, or FUSRAP, created to clean sites associated with the nation's early atomic energy work. All Times Union materials copyright 1996-2006, Capital Newspapers Division of The Hearst Corporation, Albany, N.Y. ***************************************************************** 97 icNorthWales: Terrorist threat to nuclear waste train Apr 25 2006 By Mark Hookham, Daily Post TRAINS carrying nuclear waste through North Wales are at risk from a devastating terrorist strike, environmental campaigners warned last night. Greenpeace launched a high-profile campaign to highlight the dangers transporting spent nuclear fuel from Anglesey's Wylfa power station to the Sellafield reprocessing plant in Cumbria. The waste is carried by road to a rail spur at Valley before being transferred to 'N Trains', which travel through Bangor and Rhyl towards the junction with the West Coast mainline at Crewe. Greenpeace claim the trains travel every week and at peak times alongside high-speed passenger trains. These trains appear to be unescorted, apart from a driver and railway guardsman, Greenpeace claimed. In a full page advertisement in a national newspaper, the group said: "Terrorists will be thanking Mr Blair for trying to give them so much opportunity. "An attack on a routine transport of nuclear waste in the UK could spread radiation over 100km and cause over 8,000 deaths." The advertisement adds: "Tony Blair is planning to tie the UK to a nuclear powered future. That means more nuclear plants." Rail transfers are carried out by private firm Direct Rail Services. Spent nuclear fuel has been transported by rail for a total of nine million miles since the practice started in 1962. A spokesman for the Department of Trade and Industry said: "The transport of used nuclear fuel strictly adheres to the stringent national and international regulations that govern both the rail and nuclear industries. "The UK's Office for Civil Nuclear Security is kept fully briefed about terrorist threat intelligence and in turn keeps security arrangements under review at all times. "OCNS has been reviewing all relevant precautions in light of the terrorist attacks in the USA in September 2001 and is satisfied with the thorough precautions that are in place to prevent the theft or sabotage of nuclear material in transit." Wylfa stops production in 2010. Copyright and Trade Mark Notice © owned by or licensed to Trinity Mirror Plc 2006 icNorthWalesTM is a trade mark of Trinity Mirror Plc. ***************************************************************** 98 Los Angeles Chronicle: PORTER EXAMINES GAO REPORT AT YUCCA MOUNTAIN HEARING Wednesday, April 26, 2006 Congressional Desk The Congressional Desk provides information, news releases, and announcements obtained from communication and public relations offices. Highlights mismanagement and quality assurance failures, questions DOE response. WASHINGTON, D.C. - Today, at a Federal Workforce and Agency Organization Subcommittee hearing entitled "Yucca Mountain: Broken Management, Broken Quality Assurance, Broken Project," Third District Congressman Jon Porter asked what was being done to address increased concerns surrounding the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain. These concerns were highlighted in a General Accounting Office (GAO) report, which was the focal point of today's hearing. Porter, who chairs the Subcommittee and asked GAO to update the report in April of 2005, has been an outspoken critic of the Yucca Mountain Project as more and more evidence points to extensive mismanagement and quality assurance failures. In his opening remarks, Porter stated that the Project is "consistently failing under the weight of its own mismanagement and ineptitude at correcting recurring quality assurance deficiencies." Porter was joined on the dais by Nevada Representative Jim Gibbons, who said "I applaud Congressman Porter's leadership today on bringing to light the Government Accountability Office's report which outlines serious quality control problems with the Yucca Mountain Project. I am disappointed that the Department of Energy failed today to properly address these problems. Instead, they continue to be blinded by their obsession to rubber stamp this project in order to rush it to completion." Nevada Senator John Ensign and Representative Shelley Berkley submitted statements for the record. The GAO report, which was released on March 23, states that "DOE (Department of Energy) cannot be certain that its efforts to improve the implementation of its quality assurance requirements have been effective because it adopted management tools that did not target existing management concerns and did not track progress with significant and recurring problems. Although DOE announced, in 2004, that it was making a commitment to continuous quality assurance improvement...its adopted management tools have not been effective for this purpose." The report concludes that "Before DOE submits a license application, its aggressive 'new path forward' effort faces substantial quality assurance and other challenges." At the conclusion of the hearing, Porter asked Paul Golan, Acting Director, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, what he can say today that will ensure the American people that the Yucca Mountain Project will be based on sound science. While Golan stated that improvements were being made, Porter was unconvinced. "With the way this Project has been managed, we can never be confident that we're dealing with 'sound' science," Porter stated after the hearing. "I'd like to say Project officials addressed my concerns about quality assurance failures and examples of mismanagement raised in the updated GAO report, but unfortunately, I'm left even more concerned for the safety of Nevadans." Los Angeles Chronicle is a trademark of . ***************************************************************** 99 Las Vegas SUN: No criminal charges in Yucca Mountain e-mail controversy Today: April 25, 2006 at 13:27:7 PDT By ERICA WERNER ASSOCIATED PRESS WASHINGTON (AP) - The U.S. attorney's office will not pursue criminal charges over alleged paperwork fraud by government scientists on the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste dump, the Energy Department's inspector general announced. In a report made public Tuesday, the inspector general said it concluded its criminal investigation in December and turned the results over to the U.S. attorney's office for the District of Nevada. "The U.S. Attorney's Office declined to pursue criminal prosecution in this matter," said the report, which does not indicate why the U.S. Attorney declined to prosecute. Natalie Collins, spokeswoman for the U.S. Attorney in Las Vegas, declined immediate comment Tuesday. According to the inspector general's report, the decision not to prosecute was made on Monday. "Nonetheless, the actions of those involved - which have been described by observers as irresponsible and reckless - have had the effect of undermining public confidence in the quality of the science associated with the Yucca Mountain Project," the report said. At issue were e-mails exchanged between employees of the U.S. Geological Survey between 1998 and 2000 that suggested government hydrologists on the nuclear waste dump project falsified documentation of their work to satisfy quality assurance standards. The Energy Department revealed the existence of the e-mails a year ago. Portions of the e-mails that were made public indicated scientists made up dates, deleted inconvenient data and kept one set of documents for themselves and another for quality assurance officials. A scientific review by the department concluded that the work done by the scientists was sound, but it is being redone anyway. Yucca Mountain, 90 miles northwest of Las Vegas, is planned as the first national repository for nuclear waste and is meant to hold at least 77,000 tons of the material. Political opposition, money shortages and other problems - including the e-mail controversy - have delayed the project and Energy Department managers now can't say when it will open. All contents copyright 2005 Las Vegas SUN, Inc. ***************************************************************** 100 Deseret News: MAX Resource drills in Utah for uranium [deseretnews.com] Tuesday, April 25, 2006 Associated Press MAX Resource Corp. said Monday it was drilling for uranium at a mountain 150 miles southwest of Salt Lake City in Juab County. The company based in Vancouver, British Columbia, planned to drill a 1,200-foot hole to follow up on the discovery of a rich uranium vein made in the 1980s by Phillips Uranium. It's the second of six holes MAX Resource plans to drill at Thomas Mountain. The company was interrupted last month by heavy snowfall. MAX Resource holds 195 uranium claims over 3,900 acres of land about 20 miles west of Delta and near the defunct Yellow Chief Mine, which produced more than 500,000 pounds of uranium in its heyday. With prices for nuclear fuel soaring, another company has applied for a state license to open a uranium mill in southern Utah. U.S. Energy Corp. wants to restart a mill it hasn't operated since 1982, and then only for 2 1/2 months. The Shootaring Canyon mill is near Ticaboo, Garfield County, a company-owned town north of Lake Powell's Bullfrog Marina and about 230 miles south of Salt Lake City. The Riverton, Wyo., company hopes to receive a license by year's end. U.S. Energy chief executive Keith Larsen said last week that many U.S. nuclear power plants are operating on dwindling supplies of uranium converted from Russian bombs, while energy-hungry China and India are rushing to build nuclear power plants and driving global demand for more fuel. Larsen said U.S. utilities are expected to build more nuclear power plants after a 30-year lull caused by fear of radiation-spewing accidents. Fear of global-climate change also could give nuclear power a resurgence, and Larsen said he expected uranium prices to climb to more than $50 a pound and hold there. "We think our nation needs more nuclear power. It's the cleanest, the cheapest and it's advanced so much we're not going to have another Chernobyl," said Larsen, who was born and raised in Utah, the son of an underground uranium miner. "Three Mile Island is still in operation, and it's one of the most efficient plants in the U.S," he said. "The plants have vastly improved since the 1970s." International Uranium Corp. operates Utah's only other uranium mill, 66 miles east of Ticaboo near Blanding, or 254 miles southeast of Salt Lake City. © 2006 Deseret News Publishing Company ***************************************************************** 101 THERECORD.COM: Proposed nuclear waste storage site to be tested INSIDER | BOB BURTT KINCARDINE (Apr 25, 2006) Work will begin this summer near the Bruce Nuclear station to prove that a proposed site for storing nuclear waste is as good as Ontario Power Generation officials think it is. Ontario Power Generation wants to store low and intermediate waste from Ontario's 20 nuclear reactors in vaults that would be carved out of limestone, 660 metres below ground. That waste is currently stored on the site in facilities intended as temporary storage. Terry Squire, director of public affairs for the nuclear waste division of Ontario Power Generation, said seismic testing will be done this summer to ensure that the rock formation at the site is as stable as geologists say it is. Squire was speaking at a media day organized by Ontario Power Generation in Kincardine recently. Seismic studies and drilling are required under the federal government's environmental assessment process. That assessment is expected to take up to three years. Plans call for construction to start in 2012, with the facility to open in 2017 or 2018. The underground facility would cover a 30-hectare area. All that would be visible above ground is a 300-by-700-metre building. Geologists argue the conditions there make it the best place to store the waste. Deep layers of an impermeable type of limestone is expected to prevent radioactive material from escaping. It is deeper than existing wells in the area, far below the bottom of Lake Huron, and not expected to be a threat to either. Squire said everything Ontario Power Generation knows and is being told about the site supports going ahead. The agency expects to spend tens of millions of dollars proving those assumptions and getting the necessary licences and approvals. "We've had independent geologists explain what the rock is like, and now we are going to go in to drill and do seismic work to ensure it meets the standards people tell us are there," Squires said. Mark Jensen, a geologist hired to study the site, said he expects to find huge, stable rock formations more than 450 million years old. He said testing this summer will determine if there are any fractures or faults that could influence the facility. Squire said a number of open houses will be held in the coming years to assist the agency in its effort to communicate with the public. bburtt@therecord.com 160 King St. East, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada, N2G 4E5 519-894-2231 [Torstar Digital] [City Media Group] ***************************************************************** 102 Knox News: 450 new Boeing jobs possible If contract to build additional centrifuge parts is extended, staff would nearly double By BOB FOWLER, fowlerb@knews.com April 25, 2006 OAK RIDGE - An expected contract extension with Boeing-Oak Ridge to build thousands of centrifuge parts would create up to 450 new jobs in Oak Ridge, officials said Monday. Under the pact with USEC Inc., Boeing machinists would make precision centrifuge components for a $1.5 billion uranium enrichment facility that USEC is building in Piketon, Ohio. The deal would nearly double Boeing's Oak Ridge employment, now at around 500 workers. USEC is the world's leading supplier of uranium fuel for commercial nuclear power plants. Enriched uranium spun off by the centrifuges would be sold to utilities that operate more than 100 commercial nuclear reactors in America. USEC Inc. spokeswoman Elizabeth Stuckle balked from confirming that a deal has been struck. "We are looking seriously at the Oak Ridge area,'' she said Monday. One other location for making centrifuge parts has been under consideration, she said, but she wouldn't identify that site. Stuckle also said the new contract between Boeing-Oak Ridge and USEC "would overlap'' the existing pact between the two companies. Officials with Boeing had no comment late Monday. Oak Ridge City Manager James R. O'Connor said the city has been in general talks with officials of the two companies on possible tax incentives. The city's Industrial Development Board last April granted USEC, or the former U.S. Enrichment Corp., a six-year, 100 percent tax break on nearly $15 million of equipment at its two sites in Oak Ridge. "We certainly wanted to look at where we could most economically do the manufacturing,'' Stuckle said. USEC in October 2004 announced the partnership with Boeing-Oak Ridge and Honeywell International to build and test centrifuge parts in Oak Ridge for a demonstration uranium enrichment facility in Piketon. Oak Ridge National Laboratory workers also have been involved in the effort, Stuckle said. "We did research and development to determine if we could take the old Department of Energy technology and enhance it with modern materials to make it a highly efficient technology for today,'' she said. "We're now in testing. We've been in testing for some time, and we're almost through testing,'' Stuckle said. "Obviously, it worked or we would have stopped.'' That testing has been under way at the former K-25 uranium enrichment site in Oak Ridge. "The partnership has been successful,'' Stuckle said of the local venture. Centrifuges tested in Oak Ridge will be installed at the demonstration plant in Piketon. "Once we get them installed in Piketon, we can test multiple machines together and look at the actual enrichment process,'' Stuckle said. "That's what we'll be doing beginning mid-year. "Assuming it goes satisfactorily, we'll start making components for the actual plant.'' Stuckle said USEC wants to be in full-scale operation at its American Centrifuge plant in Piketon by 2011. That plant would replace the company's facility in Paducah, Ky. She said the manufacture of the commercial centrifuge parts would begin in late 2007 and peak around "2009 or 2011.'' That work would then "pare down,'' she said, "but (centrifuge) machines have to be available to replace others if there's a problem.'' Bob Fowler, News Sentinel Anderson County editor, may be reached at 865-481-3625. © 2006 - Knoxville News Sentinel ***************************************************************** 103 Knox News: Solve the mystery, save its history 20 area scientists called on to study Confederate sub's unexplained sinking By FRED BROWN, brownf@knews.com April 25, 2006 Scientists from the University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Y-12 National Security Complex have been enlisted to help uncover one of the nation's most alluring naval mysteries: What caused the CSS Hunley to sink 142 years ago? About 20 scientists traveled to Charleston, S.C., on Sunday and began their intensive look into the mystery of the historic vessel. The experts in various scientific fields took a daylong tour Monday, examining close-up the famed submarine, the first involved in combat in the nation's history. It was lost during a naval battle in 1864 in Charleston harbor. At Monday's meeting with the Hunley team in Charleston, headed by Texas A University archaeologist Maria Jacobsen, it was decided the East Tennessee scientists will work to enter into a long-term agreement to help investigate the Hunley's demise and to help preserve its history, according to Mike Sullivan, director of UT's Law Enforcement Innovation Center, which helped bring the scientists and the Hunley together. Constructed by the Confederacy, the Hunley engaged the USS Housatonic in underwater combat Feb. 17, 1864. Shortly after blowing a hole in the bottom of the federal warship, the Hunley disappeared. The crude submarine, powered by hand cranks, sank with an eight-man crew and was lost for more than a century. It was found in 1995 by Clive Cussler's National Underwater and Marine Agency. The sub was raised in 2000 and brought to the Warren Lasch Conservation Center in Charleston, where it has rested in a protective tank of saltwater solution. Sullivan was instrumental in getting crime novelist Patricia Cornwell, UT, ORNL and Y-12 together about a month ago in Oak Ridge after she became interested in the Hunley. Recently, she donated $500,000 to help the scientists solve the Hunley mystery. Cornwell, a New York Times best-selling author with 20 books to her credit who frequently visits UT's forensics laboratory and the so-called Body Farm, notes on the Hunley Web site, www.hunley.org, that she views the submarine as a "19th-century crime scene. "We will need to push modern technology to the limit to extract the information that is needed to discover what happened to the Hunley," she said on the site. The archaeological team was to discuss with the scientists "the next steps and priorities as far as metallurgy, imaging, forensic anthropology and infrared imaging," Sullivan said. "The East Tennessee scientists can provide a staggering array of expertise, including chemists who will look at the chemistry of the boat's hull, metal experts who can study the boat's metal layers and even look through the layers to see components, strengths and weaknesses in the metal." The scientists will return to Knoxville today, he said. They will write short papers about the Hunley team's needs and how they can help. Then Jacobsen will choose scientists from various fields to work on the Hunley. "I see this relationship in terms of years instead of weeks or months," Sullivan said. On Monday, the scientists were given a rare experience. Sullivan said project manager Jacobsen "drained the tank," allowing the investigators to walk around the famous submarine and even peer inside. "We got up close and looked inside the Hunley," he said. "There are very, very few people to be this close to the Hunley," he said. "It's been an awesome experience because this is a national relic, this was the first. It is our nation's history." Sullivan said the Hunley team can see the vessel's damage but doesn't know what caused it. Human remains are still inside it, he said. "There are a lot of questions they hope our scientists can answer. Between UT, ORNL and Y-12, we have some of the world's most prestigious scientists." Senior writer Fred Brown may be reached at 865-342-6427. MIC SMITH AND MATTHEW FORTNER CHARLESTON POST AND COURIER The CSS Hunley rests underwater at the Warren Lasch Conservation Center in Charleston, S.C. Scientists from the East Tennessee area will study the submarine, determine what caused it to sink, and work to preserve its history. © 2006 - Knoxville News Sentinel ***************************************************************** 104 Hanford News: Hanford tests leak-detection upgrade This story was published Monday, April 24th, 2006 By Annette Cary, Herald staff writer New technology being tested at Hanford could more quickly and reliably detect leaks of radioactive waste from its underground tanks. In addition, a new system is being used to help map contamination from the 67 tanks at Hanford suspected of having leaked about 1 million gallons of waste in the past. Unlike previous systems, it can collect samples from soil beneath the huge tanks. Hanford officials are hoping that leaking tanks remain a problem of the past. All 149 of Hanford's oldest, leak-prone tanks have been emptied of most of their liquid waste. But as work continues to remove the salt cake and sludge from the tanks, liquid added to some tanks to break up and remove solids could result in a new leak. Now, 1960s technology is depended upon to catch any new leaks as waste from single-shell tanks is emptied into newer double-shell tanks until it can be processed for disposal. The waste is left from the past production of plutonium for the nation's nuclear weapons program. Six to eight dry wells around individual tanks are used to lower gamma monitors to detect radiation and lower neutron monitors to detect moisture through the walls of the dry well. "It's not very accurate. It's not very timely," said Rick Raymond, CH2M Hill senior director for the S-Tank Farm closure. The leak has to be large - many thousands of gallons - and within a few feet of the dry well to be detected. The contamination can take weeks to months to travel that close to the drywell. In some past cases, Hanford workers knew a leak had occurred because the volume of liquid in the tanks dropped, but monitors never detected the leaks. The new technology, called high resolution resistivity, shows promise for real-time leak detection. It worked well enough at a test site that CH2M Hill and subcontractor Columbia Engineering and Environmental Services of Richland are testing it at Tank S-102 in central Hanford. There the system will have to cope with interference from many tanks, pipes and old leaks. Because electricity moves more easily through wet soil than dry, the new technology measures resistance as electricity travels between 12 probes installed in dry wells around the tank and between the probes and the tank. Computers can use the measurements collected every second to create a 3-D model of the leak. "It's working very well," Raymond said. The first test, using liquid deliberately injected into the ground, detected the moisture within three days when 300 gallons had been injected. The traditional system, at best, might have detected the liquid after two to three weeks and when 8,000 gallons had been injected, Raymond estimated. About 10 test injections are planned with results expected in September. The new system will help map historic leaks from tanks already in use. CH2M Hill has replaced the bucket on a small backhoe with a hydraulic hammer that can drive a hollow rod 120 feet beneath the soil. The rod is grooved, so it can turn to push rocks out of the way, and can be equipped with a tip to collect a sample or used for radiation or moisture detection monitors. Traditionally, vertical holes have been drilled near tanks to check for contamination. But as holes are drilled, contaminated soil is brought to the surface, posing a risk to workers and requiring a plan to dispose of it. Because of all the pipes and wires around the tanks, just finding a place to drill a hole was sometimes difficult. Past attempts to push a rod into the ground, rather than drill a hole, have lacked the power to push the rod as far into the soil. The backhoe makes the system portable and the hydraulic hammer mounting has had an added bonus: The rod can be pushed into the ground at an angle, allowing checks to be made beneath tanks, instead of just beside them. It's been used now in five of Hanford's tank farms, or fields of underground tanks, said Frank Anderson, CH2M Hill task lead for the vadose zone project. "It gives a lot of flexibility in collecting data," he said. That data will be needed to determine the extent and location of contamination in the tank farms and verify computer models to develop a plan to clean up the tank farms as tanks are emptied and closed for good. © 2006 Tri-City Herald. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 105 Tri-Valley Herald: Lab teams deliver new H-bomb designs Article Last Updated: 04/25/2006 02:59:37 AM PDT Lawrence Livermore, Los Alamos in competition By Ian Hoffman, STAFF WRITER Bomb physicists at the nations two nuclear-explosives labs have delivered preliminary new designs to the Bush administration as potential replacements for the most numerous warheads in the U.S. nuclear arsenal. Two teams of designers at Lawrence Livermore and Los Alamos labs, both run by the University of California, have swapped their proposed replacements for the 100-kiloton thermonuclear warheads riding on U.S. submarine-launched missiles and, according to a new administration report, possibly for warheads on silo-based missiles as well. The teams are poring over details of each others designs as a matter of scientific peer review and a step in the head-to-head competition to see which labs bomb, if any, will be built. In a recent report to Congress, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and Energy Secretary Samuel Bodman say the administration is on track to finish a feasibility study of the new reliable replacement warhead program by November and choose a design. Production of the first new warheads is set for 2012, and the study suggests that as much as the entire U.S. nuclear arsenal could be replaced by new bombs by 2035. The notion of building a new U.S. arsenal is controversial. Designing and making new H-bombs while maintaining thousands of existing weapons is expected to be costly. The Rumsfeld-Bodman report says cost estimates for the RRW program have not yet been developed but that the program has the potential to reduce comparative life cycle costs by designing weapons that are cheaper and easier to manufacture. The existing arsenal of seven basic types of missile warheads and air-dropped bombs were fielded after a combined total of 150 nuclear explosive tests. They are H-bombs that evolved over the decades into highly sophisticated devices with nearly as many parts as a commercial jetliner, yet are shoehorned into small packages to squeeze the most destructive power out of the least size and weight. In doing so, scientists and engineers used toxic metals, adhesives and plastics from the 1960s and70s that administration weapons officials say are increasingly difficult and costly to use today as U.S. weapons workers replace aging parts. The Rumsfeld-Bodman report says that chiefs of the nations weapons labs, as well as officers and com-manders in the Pentagon and Strategic Command, worry that the weapons are becoming less safe and reliable over time. "Evolution away from tested designs, resulting from the inevitable accumulations of small changes over the extended lifetimes of these highly optimized systems, is what gives rise to this concern," the two secretaries said in a report dated March 1. As insurance, the report says, the United States is storing thousands of nuclear explosives in reserve, ready in case of a breakdown in any of the fielded bombs or warheads. Critics say the existing arsenal is healthy and extremely capable, and the chiefs of the weapons labs have certified the health of every bomb and warhead type to the two secretaries and the president every year for a decade. Designing new warheads without testing them, critics say, is both risky and counterproductive to U.S. efforts at discouraging other nations from building nuclear arms. "There is a motive behind this that has nothing to do with the health of the stockpile. I suggest that the motive is budget," said Bob Peurifoy, a former Sandia National Laboratories weapons executive. He said weapons workers know the existing arsenal well and can remanufacture its parts precisely. "But that's no fun. The fun for some of these folks is to go out and try to design new things," he said. "I believe it's more important to put attention to the national security needs of the country than to allow them to have their fun. It comes down to a question: Do the (weapons design) labs work for the country or does the country work for the labs?" In recent years, federal officials have stopped releasing unclassified data on the aging effects and operation of weapons components, Peurifoy said. "I suggest the reason is because, if all of the facts were on the table, all of this nonsense would go away," he said. "Until I get facts, I'm going to be a skeptic." Contact Ian Hoffman at ihoffman@angnewspapers.com. © 2000-2006 ANG Newspapers | Privacy Policy ***************************************************************** 106 DOE: Wackenhut Facing Investigation Concerning Falsification of Training Records, According to SEIU: Financial News - Tuesday April 25, 10:44 am ET May Be Grounds for Suspension or Debarment from Gov't Work New Investigation Comes as DOD, DHS Cut Ties With Wackenhut WASHINGTON, April 25 /PRNewswire/ -- Wackenhut, the largest provider of private security to the federal government, is the subject of an investigation concerning falsification of training records at the Department of Energy's (DOE) Oak Ridge Reservation, according to the DOE Assistant Inspector General. A conviction or civil judgment for falsification of records may be grounds for suspension or debarment of contractors under the U.S. Government's Federal Acquisition Regulations. Wackenhut's contracts at Oak Ridge, including the Y-12 nuclear weapons plant and the Oak Ridge laboratory, are currently out to bid. A decision on the anticipated $100 million contract is expected in mid-May. Wackenhut Services, Inc., the security contractor at Oak Ridge Reservation, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Wackenhut Corporation, which is owned by the London-based Group 4 Securicor. News of Wackenhut's suspected falsification of training records comes quickly after the Department of Homeland Security dropped Wackenhut's $9.6 million/yr. contract to protect its headquarters and the Department of Defense cut short contracts to protect U.S. Army bases -- including those where Wackenhut is eligible to receive an estimated $47 million/yr as a subcontractor -- to put them out for competitive bidding. Wackenhut was a loser in 2003 when a portion of the Army base security work had been put out to competitive bidding. "If Wackenhut falsified these training records, it would appear to have knowingly tricked the DOE into thinking these guards were more prepared than they apparently were and that's a problem not only for Oak Ridge but for all Wackenhut-guarded sites," said Stephen Lerner, SEIU Director of Property Services. "How can Americans be assured that our nation's sensitive sites are competently protected and that security forces are adequately trained unless the DOE holds their largest security contractor to account?" A DOE IG investigation of protective force overtime and training at Oak Ridge conducted between November 2004 and March 2005 revealed several instances of falsification of signatures on Wackenhut training rosters at Oak Ridge. Wackenhut allowed officers to sign the training attendance form -- and be given credit for training -- without receiving any training or demonstrating their proficiency in the training topic if officers indicated that they did not need training, according to the IG. The matter was referred to the OIG's Office of Investigations which launched the law enforcement investigation. The IG also found that: * Wackenhut reported planned rather than actual training time for some personnel in its reports to DOE. * Wackenhut spent about 40% less time on combat readiness refresher training than was specified in the approved annual training plan. * Wackenhut routinely worked officers in excess of the 60 hr/week maximum at the Y-12 National Security Complex and some worked more than 72 hours per week in some cases. Working excessive overtime affects the ability or willingness of some officers to complete required physical fitness training. The DOE IG investigation is concurrent with three separate ongoing or recently concluded Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) investigations into security at Wackenhut-guarded nuclear sites. Source: Service Employees International Union Copyright © 2006 PR Newswire. All rights reserved. Republication ***************************************************************** 107 DOE: Environmental Management Site-Specific Advisory Board, Idaho FR Doc E6-6150 [Federal Register: April 25, 2006 (Volume 71, Number 79)] [Notices] [Page 23905] From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr25ap06-45] [[Page 23905]] National Laboratory AGENCY: Department of Energy. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: This notice announces a meeting of the Environmental Management Site-Specific Advisory Board (EM SSAB), Idaho National Laboratory. The Federal Advisory Committee Act (Pub. L. 92-463, 86 Stat. 770) requires that public notice of this meeting be announced in the Federal Register. DATES: Tuesday, May 16, 2006, 8 a.m.-5 p.m.; Wednesday, May 17, 2006, 8 a.m.-5 p.m. Opportunities for public participation will be held Tuesday, May 16, from 1 to 1:15 p.m. and 3:45 to 4 p.m.; and Wednesday, May 17, from 1 to 1:15 p.m. and 2:45 to 3 p.m. Additional time may be made available for public comment during the presentations. These times are subject to change as the meeting progresses, depending on the extent of comment offered. ADDRESSES: Ameritel Inn, 645 Lindsay Boulevard, Idaho Falls, ID 83402. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Shannon A. Brennan, Federal Coordinator, Department of Energy, Idaho Operations Office, 1955 Fremont Avenue, MS-1216, Idaho Falls, ID 83415. Phone (208) 526-3993; Fax (208) 526-1926 or e-mail: Shannon.Brennan@nuclear.energy.gov or visit the Board's Internet home page at: http://www.inelemcab.org. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Purpose of the Board: The purpose of the Board is to make recommendations to DOE in the areas of environmental restoration, waste management, and related activities. Tentative Topics (agenda topics may change up to the day of the meeting; please contact Shannon A. Brennan for the most current agenda): Idaho Cleanup Project Environmental Management Cleanup Status Report. Tank Farm Soils Cleanup Feasibility Study (Operable Unit 3-14). DOE Low-Level Waste Disposition Strategy Update. Status of Steam Reforming Treatment Technology Design. Public Participation: The meeting is open to the public. Written statements may be filed with the Board either before or after the meeting. Individuals who wish to make oral presentations pertaining to agenda items should contact Shannon A. Brennan at the address or telephone number listed above. The request must be received five days prior to the meeting and reasonable provision will be made to include the presentation in the agenda. The Deputy Designated Federal Officer is empowered to conduct the meeting in a fashion that will facilitate the orderly conduct of business. Individuals wishing to make public comment will be provided a maximum of five minutes to present their comments. Minutes: The minutes of this meeting will be available for public review and copying at the U.S. Department of Energy's Freedom of Information Public Reading Room, 1E-190, Forrestal Building, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. Minutes will also be available by writing to Shannon A. Brennan, Federal Coordinator, at the address and phone number listed above. Issued at Washington, DC on April 20, 2006. Rachel Samuel, Deputy Advisory Committee Management Officer. [FR Doc. E6-6150 Filed 4-24-06; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6450-01-P ***************************************************************** 108 DOE: Environmental Management Site-Specific Advisory Board, Northern FR Doc E6-6187 [Federal Register: April 25, 2006 (Volume 71, Number 79)] [Notices] [Page 23905-23906] From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr25ap06-46] New Mexico AGENCY: Department of Energy. ACTION: Notice of open meeting and retreat. SUMMARY: This notice announces a meeting of the Environmental Management Site-Specific Advisory Board (EM SSAB), Northern New Mexico. The Federal Advisory Committee Act (Pub. L. 92-463, 86 Stat. 770) requires that public notice of this meeting be announced in the Federal Register. DATES: Friday, May 19, 2006, 8 a.m.-5 p.m. Saturday, May 20, 2006, 8 a.m.-12 p.m. ADDRESSES: Sagebrush Inn and Conference Center, 1508 Paseo Del Pueblo Sur, Taos, New Mexico. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Menice Santistevan, Northern New Mexico Citizens' Advisory Board, 1660 Old Pecos Trail, Suite B, Santa Fe, NM 87505. Phone (505) 995-0393; Fax (505) 989-1752 or E-mail: msantistevan@doeal.gov. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Purpose of the Board: The purpose of the Board is to make recommendations to DOE in the areas of environmental restoration, waste management, and related activities. Tentative Agenda for Retreat Friday, May 19, 2006 8 a.m. Welcome and Introductions by Chair, J.D. Campbell 8:10 a.m. Board Discussion--How does the Northern New Mexico Citizens' Advisory Board (NNMCAB) engage all members in Committee and Board discussions and tasks? 9 a.m. Break 9:15 a.m. Board Discussion--How does the NNMCAB determine Board member satisfaction, Department of Energy (DOE) satisfaction and community satisfaction? 10 a.m. Break 10:15 a.m. Ad Hoc Committee on Bylaws and Administrative Procedures, Donald Jordan A. Is the Board Meeting Agenda too long? Should the NNMCAB modify any part of it? B. Are Committee Meetings long enough to complete the work of each committee it is charged with? C. Discussion regarding proposed Amendments to the NNMCAB Bylaws. D. Discussion regarding proposed Amendments to existing Administrative Procedures. E. Introduction of new Administrative Procedures 12 p.m. Lunch Break 1 p.m. NNMCAB Performance Measures--One to Five-Year (FY) Plan by Deputy Designated Federal Officer (DDFO), Christina Houston 1:30 p.m. Interaction with Ex-Officio Members--Issues for Consideration in Fiscal Year 2007 A. New Mexico Environment Department--James Bearzi B. DOE Los Alamos Site Office--Gene Rodriguez C. Los Alamos National Laboratory--Ken Hargis D. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency--Rich Mayer 2:30 p.m. Brief Overview of Los Alamos National Security, LLC.--Andy Phelps 2:45 p.m. Break 3 p.m. Break-out Session by Committee A. Review FY 2006 Work Plan Accomplishments B. Begin FY 2007 Work Plans 4:30 p.m. Executive Committee Meeting--Retreat Overview [[Page 23906]] 5 p.m. Adjourn Tentative Agenda for Open Meeting Saturday, May 20, 2006 9 a.m. Call to Order by DDFO, Christina Houston Establishment of a Quorum A. Roll Call B. Excused Absences Welcome and Introductions by Chair, J.D. Campbell Approval of Agenda Approval of Minutes of March 29, 2006 Board Meeting 9:15 a.m. Board Business/Reports A. Old Business, Chair, J.D. Campbell B. Report from Chair, J.D. Campbell C. Report from DOE, Christina Houston D. Report from Executive Director, Menice B. Santistevan E. Other Issues, Board Members New Business, Board Members 10 a.m. Public Comment 10:10 a.m. Consideration and Action on Proposed Recommendations to DOE 10:15 a.m. Break 10:30 a.m. Committee Business--Present Draft FY 2007 Work Plans A. Community Involvement Committee, Grace Perez B. Environmental Monitoring, Surveillance and Remediation Committee, Chris Timm C. Waste Management Committee, Donald Jordan D. Proposed Bylaws Amendments (1st Reading), Donald Jordan 11:45 a.m. Comments from Board Members 11:55 a.m. Recap of Meeting: Issuance of Press Releases, Editorials, etc., J.D. Campbell 12 p.m. Adjourn, Christina Houston This agenda is subject to change at least one day in advance of the meeting. Public Participation: The meeting is open to the public. Written statements may be filed with the Board either before or after the meeting. Individuals who wish to make oral statements pertaining to agenda items should contact Menice Santistevan at the address or telephone number listed above. Requests must be received five days prior to the meeting and reasonable provision will be made to include the presentation in the agenda. The Deputy Designated Federal Officer is empowered to conduct the meeting in a fashion that will facilitate the orderly conduct of business. Individuals wishing to make public comment will be provided a maximum of five minutes to present their comments. Minutes: Minutes of this meeting will be available for public review and copying at the U.S. Department of Energy's Freedom of Information Public Reading Room, 1E-190, Forrestal Building, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday-Friday, except Federal holidays. Minutes will also be available at the Public Reading Room located at the Board's office at 1660 Old Pecos Trail, Suite B, Santa Fe, NM. Hours of operation for the Public Reading Room are 9 a.m.-4 p.m. on Monday through Friday. Minutes will also be made available by writing or calling Menice Santistevan at the Board's office address or telephone number listed above. Minutes and other Board documents are on the Internet at: http://www.nnmcab.org . Issued at Washington, DC on April 19, 2006. Rachel M. Samuel, Deputy Advisory Committee Management Officer. [FR Doc. E6-6187 Filed 4-24-06; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6405-01-P ***************************************************************** NOTE: In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107 this material is distributed without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving this information for non-profit research and educational purposes only. For more information go to: *****************************************************************