***************************************************************** 08/14/05 **** RADIATION BULLETIN(RADBULL) **** VOL 13.187 ***************************************************************** RADBULL IS PRODUCED BY THE ABALONE ALLIANCE CLEARINGHOUSE ***************************************************************** Send News Stories to news@energy-net.org with title on subject line and first line of body NUCLEAR POLICY 1 Climatic [Global Warming] Tipping Point? Effects On Nuclear Weapons, 2 Guardian Unlimited U.S.: Iraq Facility Could Have Made Bombs 3 [NYTr] Germany Warns US on Threatening Iran 4 [NYTr] Iran Is Not Bulding a Bomb, says UN Nuclear Watchdog 5 Conservative Physicist on Iran & Nukes 6 Bush raises option of using force against Iran 7 London Times: Bush should show Iran some respect - 8 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Asks Talks With Europe on Uranium 9 BBC: Bush warns Iran on nuclear plans 10 BBC: Schroeder plays the Iran card 11 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Pushes Ahead on Nuclear Path 12 WorldNetDaily: What's to report about Iran's nuke activity? 13 Independent: UN nuclear watchdog rebuts claims that Iran is trying t 14 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Calls for EU Talks on Enrichment 15 Xinhua: More IAEA inspectors arrive in Iran 16 Guardian Unlimited: Ahmadinejad Fills Cabinet With Hard-Liners 17 Telegraph: Iran 'kept EU talking' while it finished nuclear plant 18 Reuters: Tests appear to back Iran on nuke traces -diplomat 19 MNA: IAEA cannot legally force Iran to suspend uranium conversion 20 MNA: Iran rejects IAEA resolution, says decision irreversible 21 Mehr News: Oil embargo best response to nuclear boycott 22 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Says It Won't Stop Uranium Conversion 23 Daily Times: REGION: United Nations may break the logjam on Iran’s N 24 Guardian Unlimited Bush: All Options Open for Iran Nukes 25 Guardian Unlimited McCain: Iran Military Option Must Be Kept 26 Korea Herald: Washington stresses no rift with South Korea 27 INSIDE JoongAng Daily: U.S. sees no rift with Seoul over stand on No 28 Washington Times: Seoul nuke stance blindsides U.S. 29 Korea: Digital Chosunilbo: N. Korea Willing to Prove It has No Urani 30 Reuters: NKorea willing to prove it has no uranium scheme -CNN 31 US: The State: Time to revisit opportunities of 32 Rediff: Pak vows to impove N-capability 33 Sunday Herald: Nuclear Powerplay - 34 Daily Times: VIEW: Why do nations want nuclear weapons? — 35 Indian Express: Energy independence has to be priority No.1 - Kalam 36 Japan Times: Energy myths and illusions 37 Scotsman.com: Curse of the Kursk still haunts Russia 38 Daily Times: Shaukat reiterates nuclear restraint offer to India NUCLEAR REACTORS 39 US: San Luis Obispo Tribune: Nuclear energy's future focus of talks 40 US: Washington Post: Calvert Residents Content In Nuclear Plant's Sh 41 canadaeast.com: Ontario unplugs nuclear generators 42 The Globe and Mail: Utility abandons Pickering reactor overhaul 43 i-Newswire.com: The ecological effects of the Chernobyl disaster NUCLEAR SECURITY 44 US: Journal News: Nuclear security review ordered NUCLEAR SAFETY 45 US: RGJ: A lingering cloud Atomic vets: 50 years later 46 US: The Indy Star: Feds probing nuclear mishap 47 US: Salt Lake Tribune: Risk management: Pure luck kept blast from be NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE 48 [NYTr] Price to Clean Up Britain's Nuke Sites: #56 billion 49 Las Vegas SUN: Report: Some damaged containers expected to arrive at 50 The Observer: US firm to clean up UK's atomic facilities 51 US: London Times: Uranium shortage poses threat - 52 RGJ: Reid, Ensign forging close ties 53 US: AP Wire: Truck carrying low level radioactive material catches f 54 US: Deseret News: Blowing a hole in the road 55 Las Vegas RJ: YUCCA MOUNTAIN: 'Monkey wrench' 56 Las Vegas RJ: Nuclear agency denies request 57 AU: ninemsn.com: Nuclear waste sparks debate 58 Cincinnati Post: Million-year guarantee 59 US: Salt Lake Tribune: Support Envirocare 60 East Valley Tribune: Court tells EPA: Go long 61 US: AU ABC: Barnett, Birnie at odds on uranium. 62 AU ABC: NT nuclear dump decision purely political - MP. PEACE 63 asahi.com: Horrific memories of war I will never forget US DEPT. OF ENERGY 64 The State: SRS wants museum to be hot v 65 Chillicothe Gazette: Piketon plant infrastructure management team se ***************************************************************** ***************************************************************** FULL NEWS STORIES ***************************************************************** ***************************************************************** 1 Climatic [Global Warming] Tipping Point? Effects On Nuclear Weapons, Power Reactors, N-Waste? Date: Sun, 14 Aug 2005 00:00:36 -0400 X-Spam-filter-host: pascal.ctyme.com - http://www.junkemailfilter.com http://www.heatisonline.org/contentserver/objecthandlers/index.cfm?id=5402&method=full And how would/will[?] this effect nuclear reactors, nuclear waste and possibly lead to nuclear terrorism and nuclear war, especially in regions such as Pakistan/India and the Middle east? They are very related issues as the ultimate subsidy [the environment] breaks down and leads to social, economic and political dislocation and mass turbulance. Everything is interconnected. ***************************************************************** 2 Guardian Unlimited U.S.: Iraq Facility Could Have Made Bombs From the Associated Press [UP] Monday August 15, 2005 12:01 AM AP Photo WX107 By ANTONIO CASTANEDA Associated Press Writer BAGHDAD, Iraq (AP) - Early tests of chemicals seized at a suspected insurgent hideout in northern Iraq indicate they included substances that could be used in explosives, the U.S. military said Sunday. About 1,500 gallons of various chemicals were found in what the military called an insurgent chemical production facility in Mosul, 225 miles northwest of Baghdad. Col. Henry Franke, a nuclear, biological, and chemical defense officer, said chemical samples indicate that the facility could have been used to produce explosives, and that it appeared to be associated with insurgents. However, he said no explosives - only their components - were found. Chemical samples have been sent to the United States for further tests, Franke said. The military did not say when the tests - which will determine the exact chemicals found, among other things - are expected to be complete. Franke said it was ``very doubtful'' that the facility, which appeared to have been manned daily and included escape routes, could have been producing chemicals for industrial use. ``While the facility appears to have been put together using components readily available commercially, this was a relatively sophisticated set up,'' Franke said. Franke said the facility apparently stopped operating about a month ago because of equipment failures, and explosives may have been removed in the meantime. U.S. troops, acting on a tip from detainees under interrogation, raided the building early Tuesday, the military said. The military did not say if anyone was detained in the raid. The military has found many suspected chemical sites in the past, none of which ended up containing chemical or biological weapons. Testing of such sites can take several days. Officials said the seized chemicals do not appear to be linked to Saddam Hussein's former government. The U.S. invaded Iraq in March 2003 to destroy Saddam's purported weapons of mass destruction. No stockpiles were ever found. U.S. arms investigators have said there was evidence that Iraqi insurgent groups had tried to manufacture chemical weapons, including one group that recruited a Baghdad chemist who tried and failed to make a nerve agent. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 3 [NYTr] Germany Warns US on Threatening Iran Date: Sat, 13 Aug 2005 18:35:08 -0500 (CDT) autolearn=ham version=3.0.4 X-Spam-filter-host: pascal.ctyme.com - http://www.junkemailfilter.com Via NY Transfer News Collective * All the News that Doesn't Fit BBC News Online - Aug 13, 2005 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4149090.stm Germany attacks US on Iran threat German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder has warned the US to back away from the possibility of military action against Iran over its nuclear programme. His comments come a day after President Bush reiterated that force remained an option but only as a last resort. Iran has resumed what it says is a civilian nuclear research programme but which the West fears could be used to develop nuclear arms. Germany, France and the UK have led efforts to end the crisis peacefully. Let's take the military option off the table. We have seen it doesn't work Schroeder launches poll bid Mr Schroeder's rejection of force came at the official launch of his party's election campaign. The BBC's Ray Furlong - reporting from Hanover - says there was an echo of his last election campaign three years ago, when his steadfast opposition to the use of force against Iraq helped get him re-elected. Applause Mr Schroeder directly challenged Mr Bush's comment that "all options are on the table" over the Iran crisis. "Let's take the military option off the table. We have seen it doesn't work," Mr Schroeder told Social Democrats at the rally in Hanover, to rapturous applause from the crowd. Mr Schroeder said it remained important that Iran did not gain atomic weapons, and a strong negotiating position was important. "The Europeans and the Americans are united in this goal," he said. "Up to now we were also united in the way to pursue this." Schroeder wants military action "off the table" Mr Schroeder reiterates his views in an interview to be published Sunday in the German weekly Bild am Sonntag, labelling military action "extremely dangerous". "This is why I can with certainty exclude any participation by the German government under my direction," Mr Schroeder tells the paper. Mr Schroeder was among Europe's sternest critics of the Iraq war, causing a bitter rift with the US which poisoned relations between the two countries. His opposition, in tandem with that President Jacques Chirac's France, led to US defence secretary Donald Rumsfeld's stinging attack on "old Europe". Iran's press defiant The UN's atomic watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency, backed a resolution this week expressing "serious concern" at the resumption of the nuclear programme, and demanding it be halted again at once. Mr Bush's comments about the military option came in an interview on Israeli TV. The BBC's Jonathan Beale in Washington says the president wants to send a clear warning to Tehran, although in reality the US already has its hands full in neighbouring Iraq. Mr Schroeder is lagging well behind his conservative rivals in the German election campaign, but has been narrowing the gap in recent days. In the 2002 poll, he came from behind to snatch victory after anti-Iraq war feeling - and an outbreak of serious flooding in Germany - helped him attract last-minute support. Sidebar: NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE * Mined uranium ore is purified and reconstituted into solid form known as yellowcake * Yellowcake is converted into a gas by heating it to about 64C (147F) * Gas is fed through centrifuges, where its isotopes separate and process is repeated until uranium is enriched * Low-level enriched uranium is used for nuclear fuel * Highly enriched uranium can be used in nuclear weapons * ================================================================ .NY Transfer News Collective * A Service of Blythe Systems . Since 1985 - Information for the Rest of Us . .339 Lafayette St., New York, NY 10012 http://www.blythe.org .List Archives: https://olm.blythe-systems.com/pipermail/nytr/ .Subscribe: https://olm.blythe-systems.com/mailman/listinfo/nytr ================================================================ ***************************************************************** 4 [NYTr] Iran Is Not Bulding a Bomb, says UN Nuclear Watchdog Date: Sat, 13 Aug 2005 21:20:31 -0500 (CDT) autolearn=ham version=3.0.4 X-Spam-filter-host: pascal.ctyme.com - http://www.junkemailfilter.com Via NY Transfer News Collective * All the News that Doesn't Fit The Independent - August 14, 2005 http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/article305741.ece UN nuclear watchdog rebuts claims that Iran is trying to make A-bomb By Anne Penketh The UN nuclear watchdog is preparing to publish evidence that Iran is not engaged in a nuclear weapons programme, undermining a warning of possible military action from President George Bush. The US President told Israeli television that "all options are on the table" if Iran fails to comply with international calls to halt its nuclear programme. Both the US and Israel - the Middle East's only nuclear-armed power - were "united in our objective to make sure Iran does not have a weapon", he said. However, Iran is about to receive a major boost from the results of a scientific analysis that will prove that the country's authorities were telling the truth when they said they were not developing a nuclear weapon. The discovery of traces of weapons-grade uranium in Iran by UN inspectors in August 2003 set off alarm bells in Western capitals where it was feared that Iran was developing a nuclear weapon under cover of a civil programme. The inspectors took the samples from Iran's uranium enrichment plant at Natanz, which had been concealed from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for 18 years. But Iran maintained that its nuclear programme is for peaceful purposes, and that the traces must have been contamination from the Pakistani-based black market network of scientist AQ Khan. He is the father of Pakistan's nuclear bomb. The analysis of components from Pakistan, obtained last May by the IAEA, is now almost complete and is set to conclude that the traces of weapons-grade uranium match those found in Iran. "The investigation is likely to show that they came from Pakistan," a Vienna-based diplomat told The Independent on Sunday. The new information, which strengthens Iran's case after last week's contentious IAEA board meeting in Vienna, will be a central part of the next report to the board by Mohamed ElBaradei, the IAEA chief. "The biggest single issue of the past two years has now fallen in their [the Iranians'] favour," the diplomat said. The meeting of the 35-nation board, which ended last Thursday, urged Iran to suspend the uranium-related activity at its Isfahan plant, which many fear will be the first step towards building a nuclear weapon. The resumption of uranium conversion at the plant last week caused an international crisis and prompted Britain, France and Germany, which have been attempting to find a negotiated solution to the dispute, to call the emergency IAEA meeting. In its resolution concluding the meeting, the board also asked Dr ElBaradei to report back by 3 September. Hardliners on the board - including Britain, the United States and Canada - had hoped that Dr ElBaradei's next report would be sufficiently damning to increase the pressure on Iran. However those hopes will be dashed by the revelation about the IAEA analysis of the particles from Pakistan, which will remove any chance of Iran being referred to the UN Security Council. But the IAEA is not closing the book on its investigation of Iran's possible weapons programme. A team of IAEA experts arrived in Iran on Friday to pursue other outstanding issues, but they are unlikely to be resolved by the time Dr ElBaradei reports to the board. The three European countries are fast running out of options, as there is no appetite among non-nuclear states on the IAEA board to report Iran to the Security Council for punitive sanctions, when there is no legal basis to do so. Iran, which agreed to suspend its uranium conversion during the talks with Britain, France and Germany, insists on its right under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty to enrich uranium for peaceful purposes. The Iranian authorities restarted Isfahan after rejecting a package of security and economic incentives submitted to Iran 10 days ago by the three countries which sought a binding commitment that Iran would not pursue fuel cycle activities. "It's difficult to see things moving ahead if Europeans think that every country can have enrichment facilities except Iran," one Western diplomat said. Dr Ian Davis, the director of the British-American Security Information Council (Basic), an independent nuclear thinktank, said that if the Europeans were prepared to compromise on the fuel cycle issue, "the negotiations may yet prevent a crisis". However, a Foreign Office spokesman insisted that a new round of negotiations scheduled with Iran for 31 August would go ahead only if Tehran again suspended uranium conversion. "There are no talks with no suspension," the spokesman said. Iran, sensing that it is gaining international support for its stand and with a new hardline President in power, also looks as if it is in no mood to compromise at this point. ) 2005 Independent News & Media (UK) Ltd. * ================================================================ .NY Transfer News Collective * A Service of Blythe Systems . Since 1985 - Information for the Rest of Us . .339 Lafayette St., New York, NY 10012 http://www.blythe.org .List Archives: https://olm.blythe-systems.com/pipermail/nytr/ .Subscribe: https://olm.blythe-systems.com/mailman/listinfo/nytr ================================================================ ***************************************************************** 5 Conservative Physicist on Iran & Nukes Date: Sat, 13 Aug 2005 10:58:16 -0500 (CDT) version=3.0.4 X-Spam-filter-host: pascal.ctyme.com - http://www.junkemailfilter.com What's to report about Iran's nuke activity? Posted: August 13, 2005 1:00 a.m. Eastern 2005 WorldNetDaily.com According to Reuter's Louis Charbonneau - a neo-crazy media sycophant if ever there was one - those despicable Iranians "broke U.N. seals at a uranium processing plant" last week. According to Charbonneau, the International Atomic Energy Agency "put on the seals after Tehran agreed with the European Union's biggest powers to halt all nuclear fuel work last November to ease tensions after the IAEA found Iran had hidden weapons-grade highly enriched uranium." "Tehran defied EU warnings [that] it could now be referred to the U.N. Security Council for possible sanctions for having kept its uranium enrichment work secret for years - until it was found out in 2002 - breaking the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty." Now, all of that "reporting" is - at best - misleading. And deliberately so. Charbonneau is deliberately misleading you about a) what the IAEA "found" back in 2002, b) why the IAEA seals were in place, c) what the Iranians did last week, and last - but most important - d) what constitutes a "breaking" of the NPT. Bush-Cheney officials have repeatedly charged that the Iranians have broken the NPT and that they are seeking to manufacture or "otherwise acquire" nuclear weapons. But, if the Iranians were breaking the NPT, who would be in the best position to know? The Bush-Cheney officials who made similar charges about Iraq? Neo-crazy media sycophants like Charbonneau? No. It does you no good to have a nuclear weapons program if you can't beg, borrow or steal the tens of kilograms of fissile material that are absolutely required to make a nuke. So, the NPT requires no-nuke states like Iran to subject all "source or special fissionable materials" and all activities involving such materials to an IAEA Safeguards Agreement. The IAEA Statute - not the NPT - provides a mechanism for ensuring "compliance with the undertaking against use [of safeguarded materials and activities] in furtherance of any military purpose." The IAEA Statute - not the NPT - requires the IAEA Board of Governors to report any use "in furtherance of any military purpose" to all IAEA members, to the U.N. General Assembly and to the Security Council. If, as Charbonneau charges, IAEA inspectors had found "hidden weapons-grade highly enriched uranium" in Iran, they would have been required to report that to the Board and the Board would have been required to report that to the Security Council. But, they didn't. In fact, Director-General Mohamed ElBaradei has reported to the Board on numerous occasions that IAEA inspectors have found no "indication" that Iran now has, ever had or intends to have a nuclear weapons program. So, what did the IAEA "find" back in 2002. In the process of negotiating an Additional Protocol to the existing Iranian Safeguards Agreement, Iran voluntarily told the IAEA back in 2002 that, as a result of the United States forcing Russia to cancel the sale of a turn-key gas-centrifuge plant - to which the Iranians had an "inalienable right" to acquire and operate under the NPT - the Iranians had been attempting to construct gas centrifuges of similar design. Furthermore, once they had constructed several thousand and got them to work, they planned to construct a uranium-enrichment pilot plant and, eventually, construct a commercial scale uranium-enrichment plant at Natanz. But, contrary to Charbonneau and the neo-crazies, under the Iranian Safeguards Agreement as it then existed, the Iranians were not obligated to tell the IAEA about any of that activity until they began processing "source or special nuclear materials" for introduction into those gas centrifuges. So, why were there IAEA "seals" on those uranium-conversion facilities? Well, the Iranians had volunteered to suspend all such activities, for the duration of the EU-Iranian negotiations. Since the facilities were all already Safeguarded, the IAEA was "invited" to verify the suspension. But, the IAEA is not a party to the EU-Iranian talks. So, what could the Board possibly report to the Security Council? That the EU and Iran hoped to conclude an agreement that "will provide objective guarantees" that "Iran's nuclear program is exclusively for peaceful purposes" and that it "will equally provide firm guarantees" to Iran "on nuclear, technological, and economic cooperation and firm commitments on security issues"? That on March 23, Iran offered a package of "objective guarantees" to the EU that included a voluntary "confinement" of Iran's nuclear programs? That the EU never responded to the Iranian offer? That the EU never offered Iran "firm commitments on security issues"? That the Iranians decided to end their voluntary suspension of Safeguarded activities and had so informed the IAEA? None of that is any of the IAEA's business. So why report it? Physicist James Gordon Prather has served as a policy implementing official for national security-related technical matters in the Federal Energy Agency, the Energy Research and Development Administration, the Department of Energy, the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Department of the Army. Dr. Prather also served as legislative assistant for national security affairs to U.S. Sen. Henry Bellmon, R-Okla. -- ranking member of the Senate Budget Committee and member of the Senate Energy Committee and Appropriations Committee. Dr. Prather had earlier worked as a nuclear weapons physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California and Sandia National Laboratory in New Mexico. http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=45748 ***************************************************************** 6 Bush raises option of using force against Iran Date: Sat, 13 Aug 2005 20:34:15 -0500 (CDT) X-Spam-filter-host: pascal.ctyme.com - http://www.junkemailfilter.com Bush raises option of using force against Iran Aug 13, 5:27 AM (ET) JERUSALEM (Reuters) - President Bush said on Israeli television he could consider using force as a last resort to press Iran to give up its nuclear programme. "All options are on the table," Bush, speaking at his ranch in Crawford, Texas, said in the interview broadcast on Saturday. Asked if that included the use of force, Bush replied: "As I say, all options are on the table. The use of force is the last option for any president and you know, we've used force in the recent past to secure our country." Iran angered the European Union and the United States by resuming uranium conversion at the Isfahan plant last Monday after rejecting an EU offer of political and economic incentives in return for giving up its nuclear programme. Tehran says it aims only to produce electricity and denies Western accusations it is seeking a nuclear bomb. Bush made clear he still hoped for a diplomatic solution, noting that EU powers Britain, Germany and France had taken the lead in dealing with Iran. Washington last week expressed a willingness to give negotiations on Iran's suspected nuclear weapons program more time before getting tougher with the country. "In all these instances we want diplomacy to work and so we're working feverishly on the diplomatic route and we'll see if we're successful or not," Bush told state-owned Israel Channel One television. Bush has also previously said that the United States has not ruled out the possibility of military strikes. But U.S. officials have played down media speculation earlier this year they were planning military action against Iran. French Foreign Minister Philippe Douste-Blazy said on Friday that negotiations were still possible with Iran on condition the Iranians suspend their nuclear activities. The governing board of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) unanimously called on Iran on Thursday to halt sensitive atomic work. Douste-Blazy said the next step would be on September 3 when IAEA chief Mohamed ElBaradei reports on Iran's activities. If Iran continues to defy global demands, another IAEA meeting will likely be held, where both Europe and Washington will push for a referral to the U.N. Security Council for possible sanctions. http://reuters.myway.com/article/20050813/2005-08-13T092731Z_01_SPI329552_RTR IDST_0_NEWS-IRAN-BUSH-DC.html ***************************************************************** 7 London Times: Bush should show Iran some respect - thetimes.co.uk The Sunday Times - Comment August 14, 2005 MICHAEL PORTILLO Washington, we have a problem. The famous distress call from Apollo 13 in 1970, not to Washington but to Houston, resonated last week as Nasa brought the space shuttle safely home after a white knuckle ride. But what brought that memorable phrase back to me was not the shuttle’s epic survival, but rather the shipwreck of American foreign policy towards Iran, highlighted by new suggestions yesterday from President Bush that America might resort to force. Nothing has gone right. Establishing democracy in Iraq was meant to strengthen the moderates in Iran and topple the corrupt autocracy of its mullahs. American sanctions against Iran were supposed to warn it off developing nuclear technologies. If those measures did not work, hints of military attack ought to have done the trick. If none of the above, perhaps bribery would succeed. Hopes have been dashed. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is now president. He was the mullahs’ candidate. He campaigned on issues such as public probity and private piety. During his stint as mayor of Tehran he imposed dress codes on public servants and banned advertising that featured the face of David Beckham. He trounced the pragmatic former president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, the contender favoured by the West. America is unlikely to proclaim the result as a triumph for emerging democracy. US sanctions have not led to a moderate takeover in Iran. They have helped the mullahs by increasing anti-Americanism. Perhaps the embargo has contributed to today’s unemployment rate of a third among Iranians in their twenties, which gave a focus for Ahmadinejad’s campaign. American military threats also help the theocracy in its propaganda. The United States has invaded Iran’s neighbour Iraq. The mullahs can scarcely be thought paranoid if they arm Iran against aggression. The US has already had to execute a modest policy U-turn. Bush, having first despised efforts by Britain, France and Germany to persuade Iran to forgo uranium conversion work in return for aid, later pledged to add US funds to the European initiative. As the president said: “We’re relying upon others because we’ve sanctioned ourselves out of influence with Iran.” Even before Ahmadinejad became president, Iran announced that it would restart its programme to upgrade uranium and last week it put its Isfahan plant back into operation. So the European Union’s approach has been no more successful than America’s. Now the Europeans seem as exasperated as the US and threaten to seek a United Nations security council resolution imposing international economic sanctions. Securing agreement on that might not be easy. China might veto. Russia fears Iran’s nuclear ambitions, but would like to continue to sell nuclear kit for peaceful purposes. Anyway, the case against Iran is not clear-cut. Under article IV of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty (NPT) nations have “an inalienable right . . . to develop research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes without discrimination”. Iran claims to be interested only in producing electricity. The Europeans argue that the Iranians have been deceiving the world for 20 years. Securing sanctions would be a pyrrhic victory. Then Europe, too, would be “sanctioned out” and Iran would acquire new grievances with which to set its population seething. So it is not just Washington that has the problem. Events have confounded optimists like me who thought that reformers would gain the upper hand in Iran and European leaders who believed that American obduracy was the main impediment to an accommodation with Tehran. Maybe the Euro carrot has failed because the US stick is not credible. Bush has again raised the prospect of military intervention. But only a few paranoid liberals now think that an American attack on Iran is imminent. For nearly 2½ years the US military has been sinking into the quicksand of Iraq. America lacks the resources and willpower and public support for another war in the Middle East, at least while the two in which it is engaged remain unfinished. These days even neoconservatives do not talk much about invading Iran. So it is far from obvious how to deal with this state that views America as the Great Satan and exports terror. Ahmadinejad’s inauguration was greeted with cries of “Death to America” and “Death to Israel”. True, the new president has denounced weapons of mass destruction but it is small comfort given that nuclear policy is decided not by him but by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the supreme leader. It is hard to guess Iran’s real intentions. Does it merely see the West’s present weakness as an opportunity to increase the price for any concessions? It complains that the EU has failed to live up to its promises. It says it will allow the International Atomic Energy Agency to monitor its activities. So maybe the bargaining will continue. The Iranian regime is not unintelligent. It aims to avoid UN sanctions and so sounds reasonable. On the other hand, perhaps Iran has a non-negotiable desire to possess nuclear weapons. I would guess that it does. It would increase its security. US neoconservatives rarely suggest invading nuclear weapons states. Joining the nuclear club would give Iran prestige. Look at how America now courts India and Pakistan. What are the West's arguments against Iran having the bomb: that it would export nuclear technology? It could hardly outdo Abdul Qadeer Khan, who headed Pakistan's nuclear weapons programme and sold secrets around the world. That it would put nuclear weapons in the hands of an unstable Islamic state? See Pakistan again. That the Middle East should be a nuclear weapons-free zone? Tell that to Israel. Anyway, the West appears to be in breach of the NPT article VI that requires nuclear weapons states to work for disarmament. Britain, for example, is upgrading its mass destruction systems. So what moral authority do we have? Supposing Iran is intent on getting nuclear weapons; how frightening is that, given that it would not be the first scary state to do so? The chances are that it would never use them. Only the United States has, 60 years ago last weekend. All other countries that have nuclear weapons have employed them only to intimidate. So far. Coinciding with Ahmadinejad's inauguration, a long-awaited US intelligence analysis estimated that Iran will not get the bomb for another decade, double previous estimates. The new data do not make the problem disappear but perhaps give time for reflection on both sides. America believes that it cannot live with a nuclear-armed Iran. In that case it must consider everything else. Bush yesterday said again that he preferred a diplomatic solution. So far the hostility to Iran has brought no dividend. It must therefore contemplate engagement. After all, President Nixon engaged with China and President Reagan with the Soviet Union, both hostile powers that were more frightening than Iran. Tehran is looking for respect. Perhaps the US should show it some. It would be a brave policy shift for America with no guarantee of success. But if Bush wants an example of political courage he should look at Ariel Sharon. Next week the Israeli army will remove by force any Israeli settlers left in Gaza, then bulldoze their houses and hand the land to the Palestinians. Benjamin Nethanyahu's opportunistic decision to resign from the Israeli cabinet merely serves to underline that Sharon is a leader of exceptional grit. In the face of intense domestic opposition the prime minister is tackling Israel's least defensible policy: the planting of settlers in Palestinian lands. He recognises that peace stands no chance unless Israel demonstrates the willpower to remove them. Sharon is unilaterally unrolling part of the road map to peace and challenging the Palestinian Authority to prove that it can enforce security. He shows that you can be tough but imaginative. The question is whether Bush, a president who has not flinched from carrying war to Afghanistan and Iraq, has the leeway and the creativity to try an equally radical and risky new approach to Iran. As with Apollo 13 after it suffered an explosion in space, things in Iran look pretty grim right now. The failures call for exceptional measures. If we try something unprecedented we might just succeed in steering the Iran problem towards a safe landing. Copyright 2005 Times Newspapers Ltd. ***************************************************************** 8 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Asks Talks With Europe on Uranium From the Associated Press [UP] Sunday August 14, 2005 7:46 PM AP Photo VAH102 By ALI AKBAR DAREINI Associated Press Writer TEHRAN, Iran (AP) - An increasingly defiant Iran called Sunday for Europe to open talks on Tehran's intention to enrich uranium, and dismissed a veiled Bush administration warning of military action against Iranian nuclear operations as psychological warfare. The new Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, meanwhile, named a hard-line Cabinet, a move that looked certain to intensify Iran's confrontation with the West. While Iran says it would use enriched uranium only to power nuclear reactors for generating electricity, Tehran's past concealment of portions of its atomic program has created distrust in the West and strengthened suspicions in Washington that the material is meant for bombs. The United States has stood aside while European governments negotiated with Iran. After prolonged talks with Britain, France and Germany during which Tehran put uranium conversion on hold, Iran this month rejected a package of aid measures, including offers of nuclear fuel in exchange for a promise to abandon plans for uranium enrichment. Iran then restarted its Isfahan plant that converts uranium to gas, which is the last step in processing the radioactive ore before it can undergo enrichment to become reactor fuel or the material for nuclear weapons. The U.N. nuclear watchdog agency responded with a resolution Thursday urging the Iranians to again put the process on hold. Diplomats familiar with the International Atomic Energy Agency's proceedings said Iran was given a Sept. 3 deadline to halt or face possible referral to the U.N. Security Council for consideration of sanctions against its struggling economy. Tehran hotly rejected the resolution and on Sunday said there was nothing more to talk about on the conversion issue. ``The Isfahan issue is over,'' Mohammad Saeedi, the deputy head of Iran's Atomic Energy Organization, told state television. ``What is left on the table for discussion is Natanz,'' where Iran has built a uranium enrichment plant. ``We definitely have plans for Natanz in the near future,'' Saeedi said, without offering any details. Foreign Ministry spokesman Hamid Reza Asefi said Iran had not decided to begin uranium enrichment, but added: ``Europe's behavior will heavily influence the decision.'' Iran's chief delegate to the IAEA, Sirus Nasseri, indicated Thursday that any talks about enrichment would be about setting safeguards for operations at Natanz to reassure those with suspicions but not about closing the plant. President Bush initially had said he was heartened by Iran's hinted readiness for additional talks on its nuclear program even as it rejected the European aid offer. But on Friday, after Iran became increasingly defiant, Bush said in an interview with Israeli TV that ``all options are on the table'' if Iran refused to comply with international demands. That prompted Asefi on Sunday to notch up the rhetoric, warning against any attack. ``I think Bush should know that our options are more numerous than the U.S. options,'' Asefi said. ``If the United States makes such a big mistake, then Iran will definitely have more choices to defend itself.'' He offered no specifics but characterized Bush's words as part of a U.S. psychological war against Iran. Further complicating relations with the West, Iranian President Ahmadinejad picked 21 hard-liners to head government ministries. The parliament was expected to quickly approve the nominees, all followers of Iran's conservative supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who has the final say on all state matters. The proposed foreign minister, Manouchehr Mottaki, has criticized the nuclear negotiations with Europe and called for Iran to refuse to make concessions. Several other nominees have ties to the Revolutionary Guards and security agencies, which also take a hard-line on maintaining the country's nuclear program. The new Cabinet also was seen as unsympathetic to the democratic and social reforms pushed by the previous government of President Mohammad Khatami, who tried to build bridges to the West. ``The list means Iran will behave more secretly in its dealings, both with the nation and the international community,'' said Saeed Madani, a political scientist. The United States and its allies have been reluctant to use their ultimate diplomatic weapon - asking the Security Council to impose sanctions on Iran. China, a permanent member of the council, is opposed and could kill the measure with its veto. In Washington, Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., a member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, backed President Bush Sunday, saying the United States must keep open a military option. ``For us to say that the Iranians can do whatever they want to do and we won't under any circumstances exercise a military option would be for them to have a license to do whatever they want to do,'' McCain said on Fox television. About 300 Iranian students pelted the British embassy in Tehran with eggs, tomatoes and stones to protest Europe's call for Iran to permanently freeze its nuclear program. The students, who gathered in front of British embassy in downtown Tehran, chanted ``Death to England,'' and ``Nuclear energy is our obvious right.'' Anti-riot police blocked the students from entering the embassy grounds. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 9 BBC: Bush warns Iran on nuclear plans Last Updated: Saturday, 13 August 2005 [Nuclear plant at Isfahan] Work restarted at Isfahan this week US President George W Bush says he still has not ruled out the option of using force against Iran, after it resumed work on its nuclear programme. He said he was working on a diplomatic solution, but was sceptical that one could be found. The UN's atomic watchdog has called on Iran to halt nuclear fuel development. Iran, which denies it is secretly trying to develop nuclear arms, restarted work at its uranium conversion plant at Isfahan on Monday. "All options are on the table," said Mr Bush, when asked about the possible use of force during an interview for Israeli TV. "The use of force is the last option for any president. You know we have used force in the recent past to secure our country," he said. NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE Mined urani ore is purified and reconstituted into solid form known as yellowcake Yellowcake is converted into a gas by heating it to about 64C (147F) Gas is fed through centrifuges, where its isotopes separate and process is repeated until uranium is enriched Low-level enriched uranium is used for nuclear fuel Highly enriched uranium can be used in nuclear weapons Iran's press defiant The BBC's Jonathan Beale in Washington says the president wants to send a clear warning to Tehran, although in reality the US already has its hands full in neighbouring Iraq. 'Cost them dearly' The former Iranian President, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, has expressed surprise at Thursday's call by the UN nuclear agency, the IAEA, for Iran to suspend its nuclear activities. The IAEA asked its chief, Mohamed ElBaradei, to report on Iran's compliance by 3 September. Speaking at Friday prayers in Tehran, Mr Rafsanjani said western opposition to Iran's decision to resume its nuclear programme would, as he put it, cost them dearly. "Our people are not going to allow their nuclear rights to be seized," Mr Rafsanjani said. He said he was astonished that no country opposed the European Union-sponsored resolution, adopted by the IAEA, that urged Iran to stop any work on processing uranium for enrichment. He emphasised that Iran's decision to resume its nuclear programme was irreversible, and said his country could not be treated like Iraq or Libya. The IAEA's 35-member governing body met in emergency session this week after Iran ended a nine-month suspension of work at Isfahan. Iran insists it needs nuclear power as an alternative energy source, but Western nations fear it has plans to produce nuclear weapons. ***************************************************************** 10 BBC: Schroeder plays the Iran card Last Updated: Saturday, 13 August 2005 By Ray Furlong BBC News, Hanover, Germany [Gerhard Schroeder on the campaign trail] Schroeder is relaxed and predicting victory German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder has told an election campaign rally that the military option for resolving the dispute over Iran's nuclear programme should be "taken off the table". "We're all concerned about the developments in Iran," he said. "We don't want nuclear weapons to proliferate further." But Mr Schroeder said diplomacy was the answer. "I've read that military options are also on the table," he said. Chancellor Schroeder is a ve good actor - he's playing a better game than Angela Merkel Gero Neugebauer Free University, Berlin "My answer to that is: 'Dear friends in Europe and America, let's develop a strong negotiating position towards Iran, but take the military option off the table'." His words may cause irritation in Washington, where President George W Bush has just said he does not rule out the use of force in dealing with Iran. Mr Schroeder's speech will also revive memories of the last election campaign three years ago, when he strongly opposed the idea of attacking Iraq. Then, as now, his Social Democratic Party (SPD) was far behind in the opinion polls, and the position on Iraq is generally believed to have been a factor in helping him win the election. Schroeder confident It is too early to judge whether Iran can help revive Mr Schroeder's fortunes in a similar way, but his remarks drew rapturous applause and whoops of support from the several thousand-strong crowd gathered by the Hanover Opera House. "He made it clear Germany won't take part in any military action. This is just the policy I would hope for from a German perspective," said one man who identified himself as an SPD supporter. His neighbour said he had not yet decided who to vote for, but that he agreed with Mr Schroeder's remarks. "They were very, very good. They should be the guidelines for international policy on this case," he said. "I don't know what the conservative view on this is." Mr Schroeder also focused on domestic policy in his speech, savagely criticising the opposition conservatives, the CDU/CSU, and pledging to maintain Germany's welfare state. Issues like this may be decisive in the election. Years of near-zero growth and an unemployment rate that topped five million people - 12% - earlier this year, have made the SPD-led government unpopular. Mr Schroeder has been relaxed and confident in recent weeks, and his party has narrowed the CDU/CSU's lead. 'An act' Gero Neugebauer, a political scientist at the Free University in Berlin, says it is at least partly an act. "It's a difficult job for him - on the one hand knowing he won't return to the chancellor's office, and on the other obliged to save the Social Democrats," he said. "So he can't be as relaxed as he pretends. But Chancellor Schroeder is a very good actor. He's playing a better game than Angela Merkel." Mrs Merkel, the CDU leader, is still widely expected to be the next chancellor, but her campaign has been beset by setbacks. First, she herself confused the terms "net" and "gross" in two television interviews, damaging her claim to greater economic competence than the government. Then the CSU leader, Edmund Stoiber, added to her troubles in speeches where he made disparaging remarks about "frustrated East Germans". Mr Stoiber was complaining that in the former communist East there is high support for a new left-wing alliance made up of reformed communists and disaffected social democrats. [Angela Merkel and Edmund Stoiber] Angela Merkel was embarrassed by Edmund Stoiber's comments "It's a pity people in other parts of the country are not as clever as in Bavaria" he said, referring to his own regional stronghold. The remarks, widely seen as "Ossie-bashing", caused a storm of indignation, and are expected to cost the CDU dear in eastern Germany. Mrs Merkel, herself from the east, said the comments were "counterproductive" and that she wanted to be a chancellor for all Germans. When she officially launched her campaign last week she made it clear she wanted to focus on different issues. "I find it depressing that we have nearly five million unemployed," she said. "In the 1998 election campaign the current chancellor said he wanted to be judged on this issue alone. "If he didn't reduce unemployment he didn't deserve to be re-elected. And I think this issue is exactly what he should be judged on." Unfortunately for Mrs Merkel, the speech was hardly reported in the German media. It was overshadowed by Mr Stoiber's remarks. ***************************************************************** 11 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Pushes Ahead on Nuclear Path From the Associated Press [UP] Saturday August 13, 2005 8:46 AM AP Photo VAH114 By ALI AKBAR DAREINI Associated Press Writer KHONDAB, Iran (AP) - As the U.S. and Europe struggle to stop Iran's uranium development, the Iranians are pushing ahead on another track - construction of a heavy-water reactor that Iran says will be used only for peaceful purposes but which could also produce plutonium for a nuclear bomb. It will take at least another four years for Iran to complete the reactor, making it a less immediate worry for the West than the uranium program, parts of which are either in operation or ready to go at a moment's notice. But ultimately, the heavy-water reactor could prove more dangerous, since bombs made with plutonium are smaller and easier to fit onto a ballistic missile. In a comprehensive package aimed at reining in Iran's nuclear program, Europe proposed that it give up the heavy-water project in return for a light-water reactor, seen by arms control experts as easier to monitor to ensure it's not being used for weapons. Iran - which says its nuclear program is peaceful - rejected the entire package this week. The head of Iran's Atomic Energy Organization called the heavy-water reactor offer a ``joke.'' ``We have developed this capability. The heavy-water project today is a reality,'' Gholamreza Aghazadeh, who is also vice president, said on state-run television. ``This knowledge belongs to Iran. Nobody can take it from us. As they (Europeans) see Iran's determination, they will be forced to show flexibility and accept it.'' While Iran has agreed to suspend parts of its uranium program as a gesture in negotiations with Europe, it has repeatedly rejected European calls for it to freeze the heavy-water project, which is moving full steam ahead. ``Work has not been halted there even for a day, allowing Iran to constantly advance its heavy-water project,'' lawmaker Rasoul Sediqi Bonabi told The Associated Press on Friday. Bonabi, a nuclear scientist, said Iran developed the plant because the world would not give it ``a drop of heavy water.'' Iran says the heavy-water reactor will have a range of peaceful applications. Iran intends to use the facility in the pharmaceutical, biological and biotechnological fields as well as in cancer diagnosis and control. Iran insists its nuclear program is aimed only at producing electricity, but the United States accuses it of secretly intending to build nuclear weapons. Europe is trying through negotiations to persuade Iran to give up technology that can be used for military purposes and limit its program to possessing reactors using fuel provided from abroad. The 40-megawatt heavy-water reactor could produce enough plutonium for a nuclear weapon each year, an amount experts commonly say is 8.8 pounds. The reactor - ringed with anti-aircraft guns as are all of Iran's nuclear facilities - is being built at the foot of a mountain in the deserts outside the small town of Khondab, 60 miles northwest of the central city of Arak. Construction began in 2004 and is expected to be completed by 2009. Most Iranian nuclear facilities have portions built underground to protect them from airstrike - and Aghazadeh suggested that an underground portion may be built at Khondab as well. ``This knowledge belongs to us. It (the knowledge) won't be destroyed if attacked. Equipment could also be moved under the mountain,'' he said. A plant next door began producing heavy water for the reactor last year, using water from the nearby Qara-Chai River. It produces 16 tons of heavy water a year, putting it on track to have the 90 tons needed by the time the reactor is finished. Inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency, the U.N. nuclear watchdog, visited the Khondab facility in February 2003. North Korea followed a similar two-track process in its nuclear program, which it overtly says aims to produce weapons. In 1994, it signed a deal with the United States freezing its plutonium program, but in 2003 it was discovered that North Korea was secretly building a uranium program. Nuclear weapons can be produced using either plutonium or highly enriched uranium as the explosive core. Either substance can be produced in the process of running a reactor. Uranium is enriched by turning the raw ore into gas, which is then spun in centrifuges. If it is enriched to a low level, it can be used as fuel for a reactor; at a high level, it can be used for a bomb. Iran's enrichment program is at an advanced stage, with thousands of centrifuges ready to start working. While Iran is continuing its suspension of enrichment, it ended its freeze this week on the first step in the process - turning raw uranium into gas - bringing a sharp rebuke from Europe. Reactors fueled by enriched uranium use regular - or ``light'' - water as a ``moderator'' in the chain reaction that produces energy. The Khandub reactor, however, uses ``heavy water,'' which contains a heavier hydrogen particle. That allows the reactor to run on natural uranium mined by Iran, forgoing the expensive process of enrichment. The spent fuel from a heavy-water reactor can be reprocessed to extract plutonium for use in a bomb. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 12 WorldNetDaily: What's to report about Iran's nuke activity? SATURDAY AUGUST 13 2005 [Supercritical Thoughts] [Gordon Prather] © 2005 WorldNetDaily.com According to Reuter's Louis Charbonneau – a neo-crazy media sycophant if ever there was one – those despicable Iranians "broke U.N. seals at a uranium processing plant" last week. According to Charbonneau, the International Atomic Energy Agency "put on the seals after Tehran agreed with the European Union's biggest powers to halt all nuclear fuel work last November to ease tensions after the IAEA found Iran had hidden weapons-grade highly enriched uranium." "Tehran defied EU warnings [that] it could now be referred to the U.N. Security Council for possible sanctions for having kept its uranium enrichment work secret for years – until it was found out in 2002 – breaking the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty." Now, all of that "reporting" is – at best – misleading. And deliberately so. Charbonneau is deliberately misleading you about a) what the IAEA "found" back in 2002, b) why the IAEA seals were in place, c) what the Iranians did last week, and last – but most important – d) what constitutes a "breaking" of the NPT. Bush-Cheney officials have repeatedly charged that the Iranians have broken the NPT and that they are seeking to manufacture or "otherwise acquire" nuclear weapons. But, if the Iranians were breaking the NPT, who would be in the best position to know? The Bush-Cheney officials who made similar charges about Iraq? Neo-crazy media sycophants like Charbonneau? No. It does you no good to have a nuclear weapons program if you can't beg, borrow or steal the tens of kilograms of fissile material that are absolutely required to make a nuke. So, the NPT requires no-nuke states like Iran to subject all "source or special fissionable materials" and all activities involving such materials to an IAEA Safeguards Agreement. The IAEA Statute – not the NPT – provides a mechanism for ensuring "compliance with the undertaking against use [of safeguarded materials and activities] in furtherance of any military purpose." The IAEA Statute – not the NPT – requires the IAEA Board of Governors to report any use "in furtherance of any military purpose" to all IAEA members, to the U.N. General Assembly and to the Security Council. If, as Charbonneau charges, IAEA inspectors had found "hidden weapons-grade highly enriched uranium" in Iran, they would have been required to report that to the Board and the Board would have been required to report that to the Security Council. But, they didn't. In fact, Director-General Mohamed ElBaradei has reported to the Board on numerous occasions that IAEA inspectors have found no "indication" that Iran now has, ever had or intends to have a nuclear weapons program. So, what did the IAEA "find" back in 2002. In the process of negotiating an Additional Protocol to the existing Iranian Safeguards Agreement, Iran voluntarily told the IAEA back in 2002 that, as a result of the United States forcing Russia to cancel the sale of a turn-key gas-centrifuge plant – to which the Iranians had an "inalienable right" to acquire and operate under the NPT – the Iranians had been attempting to construct gas centrifuges of similar design. Furthermore, once they had constructed several thousand and got them to work, they planned to construct a uranium-enrichment pilot plant and, eventually, construct a commercial scale uranium-enrichment plant at Natanz. But, contrary to Charbonneau and the neo-crazies, under the Iranian Safeguards Agreement as it then existed, the Iranians were not obligated to tell the IAEA about any of that activity until they began processing "source or special nuclear materials" for introduction into those gas centrifuges. So, why were there IAEA "seals" on those uranium-conversion facilities? Well, the Iranians had volunteered to suspend all such activities, for the duration of the EU-Iranian negotiations. Since the facilities were all already Safeguarded, the IAEA was "invited" to verify the suspension. But, the IAEA is not a party to the EU-Iranian talks. So, what could the Board possibly report to the Security Council? That the EU and Iran hoped to conclude an agreement that "will provide objective guarantees" that "Iran's nuclear program is exclusively for peaceful purposes" and that it "will equally provide firm guarantees" to Iran "on nuclear, technological, and economic cooperation and firm commitments on security issues"? That on March 23, Iran offered a package of "objective guarantees" to the EU that included a voluntary "confinement" of Iran's nuclear programs? That the EU never responded to the Iranian offer? That the EU never offered Iran "firm commitments on security issues"? That the Iranians decided to end their voluntary suspension of Safeguarded activities and had so informed the IAEA? None of that is any of the IAEA's business. So why report it? Physicist James Gordon Prather has served as a policy implementing official for national security-related technical matters in the Federal Energy Agency, the Energy Research and Development Administration, the Department of Energy, the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Department of the Army. Dr. Prather also served as legislative assistant for national security affairs to U.S. Sen. Henry Bellmon, R-Okla. -- ranking member of the Senate Budget Committee and member of the Senate Energy Committee and Appropriations Committee. Dr. Prather had earlier worked as a nuclear weapons physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California and Sandia National Laboratory in New Mexico. [WorldNetDaily.com] webmaster@worldnetdaily.com ***************************************************************** 13 Independent: UN nuclear watchdog rebuts claims that Iran is trying to make A-bomb "Independent.co.uk Online Edition: By Anne Penketh Published: 14 August 2005 The UN nuclear watchdog is preparing to publish evidence that Iran is not engaged in a nuclear weapons programme, undermining a warning of possible military action from President George Bush. The US President told Israeli television that "all options are on the table" if Iran fails to comply with international calls to halt its nuclear programme. Both the US and Israel - the Middle East's only nuclear-armed power - were "united in our objective to make sure Iran does not have a weapon", he said. However, Iran is about to receive a major boost from the results of a scientific analysis that will prove that the country's authorities were telling the truth when they said they were not developing a nuclear weapon. The discovery of traces of weapons-grade uranium in Iran by UN inspectors in August 2003 set off alarm bells in Western capitals where it was feared that Iran was developing a nuclear weapon under cover of a civil programme. The inspectors took the samples from Iran's uranium enrichment plant at Natanz, which had been concealed from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for 18 years. But Iran maintained that its nuclear programme is for peaceful purposes, and that the traces must have been contamination from the Pakistani-based black market network of scientist AQ Khan. He is the father of Pakistan's nuclear bomb. The analysis of components from Pakistan, obtained last May by the IAEA, is now almost complete and is set to conclude that the traces of weapons-grade uranium match those found in Iran. "The investigation is likely to show that they came from Pakistan," a Vienna-based diplomat told The Independent on Sunday. The new information, which strengthens Iran's case after last week's contentious IAEA board meeting in Vienna, will be a central part of the next report to the board by Mohamed ElBaradei, the IAEA chief. "The biggest single issue of the past two years has now fallen in their [the Iranians'] favour," the diplomat said. The meeting of the 35-nation board, which ended last Thursday, urged Iran to suspend the uranium-related activity at its Isfahan plant, which many fear will be the first step towards building a nuclear weapon. The resumption of uranium conversion at the plant last week caused an international crisis and prompted Britain, France and Germany, which have been attempting to find a negotiated solution to the dispute, to call the emergency IAEA meeting. In its resolution concluding the meeting, the board also asked Dr ElBaradei to report back by 3 September. Hardliners on the board - including Britain, the United States and Canada - had hoped that Dr ElBaradei's next report would be sufficiently damning to increase the pressure on Iran. However those hopes will be dashed by the revelation about the IAEA analysis of the particles from Pakistan, which will remove any chance of Iran being referred to the UN Security Council. But the IAEA is not closing the book on its investigation of Iran's possible weapons programme. A team of IAEA experts arrived in Iran on Friday to pursue other outstanding issues, but they are unlikely to be resolved by the time Dr ElBaradei reports to the board. The three European countries are fast running out of options, as there is no appetite among non-nuclear states on the IAEA board to report Iran to the Security Council for punitive sanctions, when there is no legal basis to do so. Iran, which agreed to suspend its uranium conversion during the talks with Britain, France and Germany, insists on its right under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty to enrich uranium for peaceful purposes. The Iranian authorities restarted Isfahan after rejecting a package of security and economic incentives submitted to Iran 10 days ago by the three countries which sought a binding commitment that Iran would not pursue fuel cycle activities. "It's difficult to see things moving ahead if Europeans think that every country can have enrichment facilities except Iran," one Western diplomat said. Dr Ian Davis, the director of the British-American Security Information Council (Basic), an independent nuclear thinktank, said that if the Europeans were prepared to compromise on the fuel cycle issue, "the negotiations may yet prevent a crisis". However, a Foreign Office spokesman insisted that a new round of negotiations scheduled with Iran for 31 August would go ahead only if Tehran again suspended uranium conversion. "There are no talks with no suspension," the spokesman said. Iran, sensing that it is gaining international support for its stand and with a new hardline President in power, also looks as if it is in no mood to compromise at this point. © 2005 Independent News & Media (UK) Ltd. ***************************************************************** 14 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Calls for EU Talks on Enrichment From the Associated Press [UP] Sunday August 14, 2005 1:31 PM By ALI AKBAR DAREINI Associated Press Writer TEHRAN, Iran (AP) - A top Iranian nuclear official on Sunday called for negotiations with Europe on its uranium enrichment plans but said Iran will never again suspend its conversion of uranium ore into gas. Last week Iran rejected a U.N. nuclear agency resolution that urged it to stop converting uranium at its facility in Isfahan, central Iran. Conversion is a step before enrichment, for which Iran has built facilities in Natanz. ``The Isfahan issue is over. What is left on the table for discussion is Natanz,'' the deputy head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Mohammad Saeedi, told state television. ``We definitely have plans for Natanz in the near future,'' Saeedi said. He did not give any timeframe. Iran insists its nuclear program is aimed only at producing electricity, but the United States accuses it of secretly intending to build nuclear weapons. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 15 Xinhua: More IAEA inspectors arrive in Iran www.xinhuanet.com www.chinaview.cn 2005-08-14 03:48:00 TEHRAN, Aug. 13 (Xinhuanet) -- Four more inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) arrived here Saturday to monitor Iran's nuclear activities, the semi-official Mehr news agency reported. The inspectors are due to visit Iran's various nuclear sites including the Isfahan Uranium Conversion Facility, and hold talks with officials of the Iranian Atomic Energy Organization, the report said. They will also present their findings to IAEA Director General Mohamed ElBaradei for a report on Sept. 3 on Iran's compliance to the latest IAEA resolution adopted on Thursday, the report added. On Monday, a group of inspectors arrived at Iran's uranium conversion facilities in the central city of Isfahan to install surveillance equipment, which allows the IAEA to supervise Tehran's performances after its resumption of sensitive nuclear activities. Iran restarted part of the facilities soon after the inspectors finished installing some of the equipment Monday afternoon. Regardless of warnings of the European Union (EU) and the United States, Iran unsealed and fully restarted Isfahan facilities on Wednesday. The IAEA Board of Governors on Thursday approved a resolution on the Iranian nuclear file, which voices "serious concern" over Iran's recent resumption of uranium conversion activities and urges Iran to "re-establish full suspension of all enrichment-related activities." The resolution also requests ElBaradei to provide a comprehensive report on the implementation of Iran's Non-Proliferation Treaty Safeguards Agreement and the resolution by Sept. 3. Iran has rejected the resolution as politically motivated and tyrannical but voiced readiness to continue talks with the EU and cooperation with the IAEA. Iran suspended enrichment activities last November under an agreement reached with the European trio of Britain, France and Germany in Paris one month earlier, but insisted that the suspension be a "voluntary and temporary move" for confidence building and subject to resumption under Tehran's will. The EU trio has been trying but in vain to persuade Iran to permanently halt uranium enrichment activities in order to provide objective guarantees that its nuclear research will not be used for military purposes. The United States accuses Iran of developing nuclear weapons secretly, a charge denied by Tehran. Enditem Copyright ©2003 Xinhua News Agency. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 16 Guardian Unlimited: Ahmadinejad Fills Cabinet With Hard-Liners From the Associated Press [UP] Sunday August 14, 2005 1:46 PM AP Photo NY107 By ALI AKBAR DAREINI Associated Press Writer TEHRAN, Iran (AP) - Iran's new president nominated a Cabinet on Sunday that has hard-liners in all key ministries and is likely to lead to more confrontation in the country's dispute with the Washington and Europe over its nuclear program. Also, a top Iranian nuclear official called for negotiations with Europe on its uranium enrichment plans but said Iran will never again suspend its conversion of uranium ore into gas. Not one of the 21 ministers that President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad nominated is known to be pro-democratic reform in Iran. The nominees, who have to be approved by parliament, are widely seen as followers of Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, a noted conservative who has the final say on all state matters. The proposed foreign minister is Manouchehr Mottaki, a conservative lawmaker who has criticized Iran's nuclear negotiations with the Europeans, saying the country should adopt a tougher position and make no concessions. Several other proposed ministers are either members of the Revolutionary Guards, or have a history of cooperating with the Guards and security agencies, which take hard-line positions on Iran's nuclear program. If new Cabinet is confirmed, it is expected to adopt more aggressive positions with the Europeans, who have been trying to persuade Iran to abandon its uranium enrichment program to avoid being taken to the U.N. Security Council by the United States. Washington alleges that Iran has a secret plan to build nuclear bombs - a charge Tehran denies. A former hard-line deputy intelligence minister, Mostafa Pourmohammadi, was named as interior minister. Ahmadinejad named as intelligence minister Gholam Hossein Mohseni Ejehei, a cleric whom reformist journalists regard as an unyielding opponent of press freedom. The proposed Cabinet contained only one member of the outgoing government of former President Mohammad Khatami, a reformist who tried to moderate the Islamic social code and build bridges to the West. The centrist politician Mohammad Rahmati remained as transportation minister. ``All those who worked against Khatami's reformist agenda have now been nominated to sit in the government,'' the reformist writer Ali Reza Rajaei said. ``Most of them are either former military commanders or people in close touch with security agencies.'' Political analyst Saeed Madani agreed, saying that the appointment of people associated with security forces to executive positions would retard Iran's progress. ``The list means Iran will behave more secretly in its dealings, both with the nation and the international community,'' he said, adding it would also put greater emphasis on security. There are no women in the nominated Cabinet. Khatami, who was president from 1997 until this month, did not appoint women to his Cabinets, but he appointed two women as vice presidents. Ahmadinejad named his close ally Ali Saeedlou as oil minister. Saeedlou was Ahmadinejad's deputy when he served as mayor of Tehran until the June elections. Ahmadinejad has promised to purge the hierarchy in Iran's oil administration. Outgoing Oil Minister Bijan Namdar Zanganeh was at odds with some of the hard-liners who backed the new president in his election campaign. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 17 Telegraph: Iran 'kept EU talking' while it finished nuclear plant Monday 15 August 2005 telegraph.co.uk By Colin Freeman (Filed: 14/08/2005) An Iranian foreign policy official has boasted that the regime bought extra time over its stalled negotiations with Europe to complete a uranium conversion plant. In comments that will infuriate EU diplomats, Hosein Musavian said that Teheran took advantage of the nine months of talks, which collapsed last week, to finish work at its Isfahan enrichment facility. Technicians working at the Isfahan uranium conversion facility "Thanks to the negotiations with Europe we gained another year in which we completed the [project] in Isfahan," he told an Iranian television interviewer. Mr Musavian also claimed that work on nuclear centrifuges at a plant at Natanz, which was kept secret until Iran's exiled opposition revealed its existence in 2002, progressed during the negotiations. "We needed six to 12 months to complete the work on the centrifuges," said Mr Musavian, chairman of the Iranian Supreme National Security Council's foreign policy committee. He made his remarks on August 4 - two days before Iran's foreign ministry rejected the European Union offer of incentives to abandon its uranium enrichment programme. Critics of the regime will see his comments as confirmation that Iran never contemplated giving up its programme, despite top-level diplomacy involving Jack Straw, the Foreign Secretary, and his French and German counterparts. The US was always pessimistic about the talks' chance of success. Yesterday President George W Bush refused to rule out using military force to press Iran into giving up its nuclear programme, which Washington suspects is a front for weapons-making. "All options are on the table," Mr Bush told Israeli television. Mr Musavian, whose remarks were translated by the Middle East Research Institute based in Washington, was responding to criticism from Iranian hardliners that Teheran should never have entered into the EU negotiations. He said that until then, Iran had dealt solely with the UN-backed International Atomic Energy Authority, which had given it a 50-day deadline to suspend uranium enrichment on pain of referral to the UN Security Council. "The IAEA give us a 50-day extension to suspend the enrichment and all related activities," he said. "But thanks to the negotiations with Europe we gained another year, in which we completed the [project] in Isfahan." The plant, about 250 miles south of Teheran, carries out an early stage of the cycle for developing nuclear fuel, turning yellowcake into UF4 and then into UF6, a gas essential to enrichment. "Today, we are in a position of power," Mr Musavian said. "Isfahan is complete and has a stockpile of products." Mr Musavian also said that Iran had further benefited from sweeteners offered by the EU, including the invitation to enter talks on Iran joining the World Trade Organisation. Iran is facing possible referral to the Security Council after scientists began breaking seals at the Isfahan plant, a precursor to resuming the research it agreed to suspend during the EU talks. The Foreign Office declined to comment on Mr Musavian's rem-arks. Last week it said Iran made a "serious mistake" by opting to resume uranium conversion. Mohamed ElBaradei, the head of the IAEA, is due to report on Iran's renewed nuclear activities on September 3, which could trigger a Security Council referral. © Copyright of Telegraph Group Limited 2005. Terms &Conditions ***************************************************************** 18 Reuters: Tests appear to back Iran on nuke traces -diplomat Sun Aug 14, 2005 1:33 PM ET By Francois Murphy VIENNA, Aug 14 (Reuters) - Tests by the U.N. nuclear watchdog appear to confirm that traces of weapons-grade uranium found in Iran came from abroad, reinforcing Tehran's assertion it does not seek atomic weapons, a diplomat said on Sunday. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has said the issue of contamination is one of two main outstanding questions in its two-year investigation into Iran's nuclear programme. Tehran insists the programme is peaceful, but Western countries suspect it may be a front for developing nuclear weapons. An analysis of Pakistani components for enrichment centrifuges identical to ones Iran bought on the black market appear to back Tehran's assertion that traces of bomb-grade uranium were the result of contamination, a Western diplomat familiar with the IAEA said. "There's still some final corroboration to go on but all the preliminary analysis does show that the particles seem to have come from Pakistan," he said, adding that the final result was unlikely to change as a result of work still outstanding. This appeared to confirm earlier results, reported by Reuters on June 10, that also suggested Tehran did not produce the highly-enriched uranium itself. Asked whether this cleared up the contamination issue, the diplomat said: "More or less. The contamination issue will never be 100 percent clear." The IAEA declined to comment. JURY STILL OUT Diplomats say several other questions about the nature of Iran's nuclear programme remain, including the extent of its work with advanced P-2 centrifuges and the scope of its experimentation with plutonium, which is usable in an atom bomb. "All declared (nuclear) material in Iran is under verification, but we still are not in a position to say that there is no undeclared nuclear material or activities in Iran," IAEA chief Mohamed ElBaradei told reporters after an emergency meeting of the IAEA's governing board last week. "With regard to the country as a whole, the jury is still out," he added. France, Britain and Germany called the emergency IAEA board meeting after Iran said it would resume uranium conversion -- the step before enrichment, a process that purifies uranium to levels at which it can be used in power stations or bombs. Iran resumed conversion last Monday and broke U.N. seals on machinery on Wednesday to make its conversion plant near the central city of Isfahan fully operational. The 35-nation IAEA board reacted by urging Iran to resume a suspension of nuclear work usable in an atomic bomb programme, including conversion, and expressed "serious concern" at Iran's move. The trio of European states and Iran are due to meet at the end of August, in hopes of defusing a crisis in which Iran has rejected a European package of economic and political incentives aimed at convincing it to abandon sensitive nuclear technology. © Reuters 2005. All Rights Reserved. ***************************************************************** 19 MNA: IAEA cannot legally force Iran to suspend uranium conversion - Esmaeili 2005/08/12 [ src=] Print version [ src=] VIENNA, Aug. 12 (MNA) -- Tehran Times and Mehr News Agency Managing Director Parviz Esmaeili said on Thursday that there is no legal means to force Iran to suspend its uranium conversion activities at the Isfahan plant. In an interview with Iranian state television at the International Atomic Energy Agency headquarters in Vienna, Esmaeili said that the European Union has violated the terms of the Paris agreement. Some political analysts in Vienna believe the EU’s position toward Iran is baseless and empty, he noted. The IAEA Board of Governors approved a resolution on Thursday calling on Iran to resume the suspension of all nuclear fuel related activities and asking the agency to verify Tehran’s compliance. So far, Iran has adopted logical approaches and cooperated transparently with the IAEA, Esmaeili said. Iran has no reason to return to a state of suspension, and indeed there are numerous legal avenues for the country to continue its nuclear activities at the Isfahan Uranium Conversion Facility, he emphasized. “Iran should ignore the resolution, since it has ridiculously called the country’s voluntary measure (in suspending uranium enrichment related activities) essential, and should arrange talks with Europe on restarting enrichment at the Natanz complex,†Esmaeili added. “The IAEA can never obstruct our activities in Isfahan technically or legally, since it cooperated with Iran -- although with some delay -- in re-launching the UCF and removing its seals. “This just shows that the agency regards the action as Iran’s right and cannot support efforts to refer Iran to the UN Security Council. In fact, Iran’s activities in Isfahan do not run counter to the IAEA Charter or international law.†In the Paris pact, Iran agreed to continue its suspension as long as there was progress in the talks, he noted. “We even gave three and afterwards five more months to Europe to show our goodwill, but they responded by making insulting proposals and asking Iran to renounce its rights. Therefore, since both Iran and Europe currently agree that no progress was made in the talks, Iran has the right to break the suspension.†Iran and Europe had also agreed to resolve various issues through dialogue and not at the IAEA Board, but the EU clearly violated the Paris agreement by calling for an emergency meeting of the IAEA Board of Governors, he added. HL/HG End MNA © 2003 Mehr News Agency ***************************************************************** 20 MNA: Iran rejects IAEA resolution, says decision irreversible 2005/08/12 [ src=] Print version [ src=] TEHRAN/VIENNA, Aug. 12 (MNA) –- Expediency Council Chairman Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani said on Friday that Iran's decision to resume uranium conversion is "irreversible" Iran resumed work at Isfahan Uranium Conversion Facility (UCF) on Monday. In a sermon at Friday prayers in Tehran, Rafsanjani called the resolution on Iran recently approved by the UN nuclear watchdog “unfairâ€. Foreign Ministry also rejected the resolution on Iran on Thursday, saying it was "politically motivated" and passed under pressure from the United States and its allies. In a resolution issued on Thursday, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Board of Governors asked Iran to resume its suspension of all nuclear fuel related activities and asked the agency to verify Tehran’s compliance. The resolution was initially drafted by Europeans and supported by U.S. and its allies. “We advise Western countries not to deal with industry and science in this manner, since they can never rob the Iranian nation of this great right,†said Rafsanjani. "Do not take lightly what happened at the IAEA," he warned. "It is very important and will create new conditions for our country and the region. It will turn a new leaf in the history of our revolution. “The 35 nations of the IAEA Board, some supporting Iran, spent two days conferring, but finally what the three European countries (Britain, Germany, and France) and the United States wanted was approved and no one objected,†Rafsanjani pointed out. “The IAEA Charter clearly says that Iran has the right to make peaceful use of nuclear energy, and we are currently preparing to enrich the uranium that exists deep in our lands in order to use its energy for scientific purposes.†Iran accepted supervision even before approving the additional protocol to the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, he noted. “So far, Iran’s cooperation with the IAEA has been beyond what is required. We even halted our activities to win confidence, but we never thought they would declare that Iran should suspend all its nuclear activities.†The major powers think they have succeeded in suppressing Iran, Rafsanjani said, adding, “Israel and the United States even talked about attacking the country. “But they are mistaken, for they should bear in mind that they cannot treat Iran like Iraq or Libya. “The Westerners can drag things out, but Iran's decision is irreversible.†Resolution is politically motivated "This resolution is politically motivated and has been approved under pressure from the U.S. and its allies and is void of any legal or rational basis and (therefore it) is unacceptable," Foreign Ministry spokesman Hamid Reza Asefi said. "By ratifying this resolution, the three European states have acted contrary to the spirit of the safeguards agreements, the negotiations conducted during the past two years, and the Tehran and Paris agreements," the Foreign Ministry spokesman added. "While the activities of the Islamic Republic have always been peaceful and carried out under the supervision of the IAEA, the approval of this resolution puts the efficiency and independence of the agency under serious question," Asefi stated. "The Islamic Republic of Iran has not given up its legitimate rights and places emphasis on the peaceful utilization of nuclear technology, as before," he explained. On Thursday, a senior Iranian nuclear official rejected the resolution, calling it unacceptable. "Iran cannot accept this resolution," Iran Atomic Energy Organization Deputy Director Mohammad Saeedi. Annan: nextstep on Iran nuclear issue may be meeting in New York UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said on Thursday he will use September's UN General Assembly to bring Iran's new leader face-to-face with his Western critics if no deal on Tehran's nuclear program is reached by then. Top officials of Britain, France and Germany, dubbed the EU3 for their long-standing negotiations with Tehran, are supposed to next meet Iranian officials at the end of August. But if there is no session, "We will use the General Assembly to bring them together. It will be a way for all of us collectively to talk to them," Annan told Reuters in a brief interview. The United Nations intends to hold a summit, which Iran's new president, Mahmud Ahmadinejad, is expected to attend, in mid-September followed by a foreign ministers' session. Annan has some hope that Ahmadinejad will be flexible, after speaking to him on Monday. "He indicated to me that they want to stay with the negotiating process. He has new ideas and initiatives he wants to put forward," the secretary-general said. Annan also called on Iran to suspend nuclear fuel work. "The (IAEA) has spoken with one voice and the secretary general expects its resolution to be implemented," Annan said through his spokesman. IAEA chief Mohamed ElBaradei said however that he saw a "window of opportunity" for talks since both sides remain willing to negotiate. ElBaradei said the two sides were scheduled to meet in Paris at the end of August and "I hope that meeting will go through." French representative Philippe Thiebaud told the board the Europeans "are willing to continue discussions (with Iran) in the framework of the Paris agreement" but were also ready to consider "any proposals or new ideas" from Iran. U.S. President George W. Bush welcomed the resolution as "a positive first step" and said U.S. strategy was to work with the Europeans "so that the Iranians hear a common voice speaking to them about their nuclear weapons ambitions." EU diplomats said if Iran did not comply they would ask the board to refer the matter in September to the 15-member UN Security Council, which can take punitive action. But indications are that the IAEA board is divided on seeking Council involvement. Council members Russia, China and Brazil, who have seats on the IAEA board, are cool toward council action as are developing nations, questioning whether Iran has yet violated the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. Big mistake Sirus Naseri, Iran's chief delegate to the IAEA, said on Wednesday that the United States and the EU would be making a "big, big mistake" if they referred Iran to the UN Security Council for resuming sensitive nuclear activities. Naseri stated that there was no legal basis for a referral after Tehran broke UN seals at the Isfahan UCF. "I think that would be a grave miscalculation by the U.S., and particularly by Europe, to move towards the path of confrontation," he told the BBC's "News Night" program. "It will be (a) big, big mistake." Iran restarted work in areas of the Isfahan plant on Monday after rejecting a nuclear proposal from the EU3 to scrap its uranium enrichment program. Naseri told the BBC the seals were removed after talks with Europe ended in "disappointment and despair". "We did not do this as an act of intimidation," he said. "We want to have an agreement on this, and because of this we suspended our activities for two years." He noted that Iran has a "legal right" to produce nuclear energy. "This is not a security issue, it is a commercial issue," he said. "What we have been trying to do is see whether it would be possible to continue our enrichment activity with an agreement and through an agreement with Europe. "It seems, with the offer that the Europeans made, that is no longer a possibility, at least not for the time being, and therefore we have no other alternative but to do what is our right." Naseri told reporters, "Iran will not bend. Iran will be a nuclear fuel producer and supplier within a decade." "What is absurd is that a decision is passed here which betrays (the IAEA's) ability to verify that a peaceful facility remains peaceful," he said. Tehran had voluntarily halted work at the Isfahan UCF in November 2004 as a goodwill gesture to kick-start nuclear negotiations with the EU. Naseri said Iran has the right to carry out fuel cycle work for peaceful purposes under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and refuses to abandon such activities. Any future talks would have to be on this basis, he added. He went on to say that "operations in Isfahan will continue under full-scope safeguards" and that Iran was fully within its rights. Naseri also announced that Iran would maintain its suspension of enrichment activity at another facility, in Natanz, "to keep the door open for negotiations." HL/HG/MS End MNA © 2003 Mehr News Agency ***************************************************************** 21 Mehr News: Oil embargo best response to nuclear boycott MehrNews.com - Iran, world, political, sport, economic news Tehran Times Opinion Column, Aug. 14, By Hassan Hanizadeh TEHRAN, Aug. 13 (MNA) -- Thursday’s resolution of the International Atomic Energy Agency Board of Governors, issued under pressure from the United States and the European Union big three, actually indicated that the status of international organizations, including the IAEA, has declined seriously in the face of the blackmail of the neocolonialist powers. The resolution was ratified despite the fact that the Islamic Republic had proven its good faith and observed all IAEA regulations. Unfortunately, under the tutelage of the U.S., the EU trio of Britain, France, and Germany drafted an unfair resolution against Iran by fostering disunity among the member states of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). The resolution, which violates the terms of the Tehran and Paris accords, was ratified to meet the objectives of the Zionist regime and the United States. Many political analysts say the IAEA resolution also violates the terms of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty because the NPT states that signatories have the right to access nuclear technology meant for peaceful purposes. The double-standard policy applied by the U.S. and other Western countries to the nuclear issue and other global issues is one of the most significant challenges facing the modern world. Although several countries, including the Zionist regime, Pakistan, and India, are producing nuclear weapons, and most of them have conducted nuclear tests, the United States and its Western allies are trying to deprive Iran of its right to gain access to civilian nuclear expertise. This double standard on international issues obliges NAM members, including the Islamic Republic of Iran, to review their relations with the West. The U.S. and other Western countries are making use of the natural resources of various countries, including the fossil fuel resources of the Middle East, to power their military and civilian industries. The continuation of the unequal relationship between Third World countries, particularly Muslim countries, and the U.S. and other Western countries, which have adopted an unfair attitude, will never benefit the countries of the global South. Therefore, the oil-rich countries, including Iran, which possess the most significant pressure lever, should wisely use this tool to punish the Western neocolonialist countries. Oil is the lifeline of the West, and most of the West’s military industries are dependent on it. Therefore, it is the most potent economic weapon for settling scores with neocolonialist countries. The Iranian nation clearly has the right to stand up to the dictatorship of the EU3 and the U.S., and the best act of resistance would be to impose an embargo on oil sales to those countries. Iran is a country with great potential to respond to Western meddling. Therefore, after consulting with some OPEC countries, Iran should propose plans to confront the hegemonistic actions of the West. Islamic countries must unite and formulate a political strategy to respond to Western neocolonialist countries, since the efforts to prevent Iran from accessing nuclear technology are the first step in the plan to prevent other Islamic and Third World countries from developing this vital technology. SA/HG End MNA © 2003 Mehr News Agency ***************************************************************** 22 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Says It Won't Stop Uranium Conversion From the Associated Press [UP] Sunday August 14, 2005 4:31 PM AP Photo NY107 By ALI AKBAR DAREINI Associated Press Writer TEHRAN, Iran (AP) - Iran will never again suspend conversion of uranium ore, but it is willing to pursue talks with the European Union about its uranium enrichment program, Tehran officials said Sunday. A spokesman also notched up the rhetorical battle with Washington, declaring that Iranians have the means to defend themselves should President Bush act on his warning that military force could be a final option if Iran doesn't halt its nuclear program. The comments came as Iran's new president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, nominated hard-liners for all his key ministries, signaling the likelihood of an intensified confrontation with the United States and Europe over the issue. Iran already rejected Thursday's resolution from the U.N. nuclear agency urging it to halt the conversion of uranium into gas at its atomic plant in Isfahan. Conversion is a step before enrichment, which produces material usable for both energy-producing reactor fuel and atomic bombs. After the International Atomic Energy Agency's board issued its appeal, diplomats familiar with the proceedings said Iran was being given until Sept. 3 to halt uranium conversion or risk being referred to the U.N. Security Council for consideration of sanctions. Washington and others have long suspected Iran's nuclear program is intended to develop weapons, and European governments grew concerned after it was revealed the Iranians had kept parts of its atomic operations hidden from U.N. inspectors. Iran denies it is working on nuclear arms, saying the program's sole purpose is to generate electricity. It insists it has a sovereign right under the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty to convert uranium at Isfahan and do enrichment at its plant in Natanz for peaceful activities. ``The Isfahan issue is over. What is left on the table for discussion is Natanz,'' Mohammad Saeedi, deputy head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, told state television. ``We definitely have plans for Natanz in the near future,'' he added, although he did not give a time frame. The Foreign Ministry's spokesman, Hamid Reza Asefi, also said Iran would not stop uranium conversion. ``Work in Isfahan will not be suspended again for confidence building,'' he said, referring to the suspension of nuclear activities that Iran imposed last year to allow negotiations with the European Union to proceed in a good atmosphere. Asefi said at a news conference that Iran had no set plans for resuming uranium enrichment in Natanz. ``Europe's behavior will heavily influence the decision,'' he said. Iran's chief delegate to the IAEA, Sirus Nasseri, indicated Thursday that any talks about enrichment would be about setting safeguards for operations at the Natanz facility to reassure those with suspicions but not about closing the plant. The EU, lead by Britain, Germany and France, has been trying to persuade Iran to abandon its enrichment program in return for a supply of nuclear fuel to power reactors and other economic help. Iran rejected the offer earlier this month, objecting to the Europeans' insistence it give up its uranium conversion and enrichment programs. The IAEA then issued its warning. On Friday, Bush said on Israeli television that efforts to shut down Iran's atomic program should rely on diplomacy, but he also had a veiled warning for the Tehran regime. If diplomacy fails ``all options are on the table,'' he said. ``The use of force is the last option for any president. You know, we've used force in the recent past to secure our country.'' Asefi characterized the comment as part of Washington's psychological war against Iran and said Iran had its own warning about any U.S. attack. ``I think Bush should know that our options are more numerous than the U.S. options,'' Asefi said. ``If the United States makes such a big mistake, then Iran will definitely have more choices to defend itself.'' He offered no specifics. German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder said he hoped Iran would change its mind about its nuclear program, but added that he opposed any threats of military force. ``I see a military option a high-grade danger,'' Schroeder said in an interview published Sunday by the Bild am Sonntag newspaper. ``Therefore I can certainly rule out that a German government under my leadership would take part in one.'' He said Iran should be allowed to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, ``but we must ensure that Iran is not put in the position to be able to manufacture atomic weapons.'' Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 23 Daily Times: REGION: United Nations may break the logjam on Iran’s N-programme Saturday, December 30, 1899 * General Assembly session may take up the issue UNITED NATIONS: UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said on Thursday he will use September’s UN General Assembly to bring Iran’s new leader face-to-face with his Western critics if no deal on Tehran’s nuclear programme is reached by then. Top officials of Britain, France and Germany, dubbed the EU3 for their long-standing negotiations with Tehran, are supposed to next meet Iranian officials at the end of August. But if there is no session, “We will use the General Assembly to bring them together. It will be a way for all of us collectively to talk to them,” Annan told Reuters in a brief interview. The United Nations intends to hold a summit, which Iran’s new president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, is expected to attend, in mid-September followed by a foreign ministers’ session. The September summit will be attended by more than 170 world leaders to chart an approach to development, human rights, terrorism and proliferation of nuclear arms and UN management reform for the 21st century. Many envoys worry that Ahmadinejad, whose previous political experience is limited to serving as Tehran’s mayor, may lack experience to deal with a major international crisis. Western powers fear Iran wants to produce nuclear arms rather than atomic energy, as its government insists. Annan has some hope that Ahmadinejad will be flexible, after speaking to him on Monday. “He indicated to me that they want to stay with the negotiating process. He has new ideas and initiatives he wants to put forward,” the secretary-general said. Council involvement: On Thursday, the Vienna-based International Atomic Energy Agency’s board of governors adopted a resolution saying Iran must suspend fully all nuclear fuel related activities and asked the UN agency to verify Tehran’s compliance. Iran resumed work at its uranium conversion plant in Isfahan on Monday. EU diplomats said if Iran did not comply they would ask the board to refer the matter in September with the 15-member UN Security Council, which can take punitive action. But indications are that the IAEA board is divided on seeking Council involvement. Council members Russia, China and Brazil, who have seats on the IAEA board, are cool towards council action as are developing nations, questioning whether Iran has yet violated the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. Western diplomats do not expect any imposition of sanctions against Iran in the near future but want to issue a warning statement. They assume no nation wants to be on the powerful council’s agenda and be watched, named and shamed. reuters Home | Foreign ***************************************************************** 24 Guardian Unlimited Bush: All Options Open for Iran Nukes From the Associated Press [UP] Saturday August 13, 2005 5:16 PM By RAMIT PLUSHNICK-MASTI Associated Press Writer JERUSALEM (AP) - In a stern warning to Iran, President Bush said ``all options are on the table'' if the Iranians refuse to comply with international demands to halt their nuclear program, pointedly noting he has already used force to protect U.S. security. Bush's statement during an interview on Israeli TV late Friday was unusually harsh. He previously said diplomacy should be used to persuade Iran to suspend its nuclear program and if that failed then the U.N. Security Council should impose sanctions. The U.S. government and others fear Iran's nuclear work is secretly designed to produce nuclear weapons. Iran's leaders deny that, saying it is only for the generation of electricity. In the interview, Bush said the United States and Israel ``are united in our objective to make sure that Iran does not have a weapon.'' But, he said, if diplomacy fails ``all options are on the table.'' ``The use of force is the last option for any president. You know, we've used force in the recent past to secure our country,'' he said. Iran's government resumed uranium conversion at its nuclear facility in Isfahan this past week. The U.N. nuclear watchdog agency, the International Atomic Energy Agency, responded by issuing a warning to Iran on Thursday that expressed ``serious concern'' about Iran's intentions. Bush welcomed the warning, which signaled that the West wanted to give diplomacy time to ease the standoff. In Vienna, Austria, where the IAEA is based, diplomats said Iran faced a Sept. 3 deadline to stop uranium conversion or face possible referral to the Security Council, which has the power to impose crippling sanctions. The diplomats spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the IAEA board's proceedings. Iran, which insists its nuclear program is peaceful, responded with indignation to the IAEA warning. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 25 Guardian Unlimited McCain: Iran Military Option Must Be Kept From the Associated Press [UP] Sunday August 14, 2005 8:16 PM By REBECCA CARROLL Associated Press Writer WASHINGTON (AP) - The president must keep open a military option in dealing with Iran and its nuclear program, Sen. John McCain said Sunday, calling recent Bush comments appropriate. ``For us to say that the Iranians can do whatever they want to do and we won't under any circumstances exercise a military option would be for them to have a license to do whatever they want to do,'' the Arizona Republican said on ``Fox News Sunday.'' ``So I think the president's comment that we won't take anything off the table was entirely appropriate.'' Bush said on Israeli TV on Friday that ``all options are on the table'' regarding Iran, which rejected Thursday's resolution from the United Nations' nuclear agency urging it to halt the conversion of uranium into gas. The U.S. government and others fear Iran's nuclear work is secretly designed to produce nuclear weapons. Iran's leaders deny that, saying it is only for the generation of electricity. McCain said one nonmilitary option still open to Bush is to let the U.N. take up the issue of Iran's ``clear and blatant violations'' of treaties it has signed. ``Let's see how that plays out,'' McCain said. Conversion of uranium into gas, which Iran does at its atomic plant in Isfahan, is a step before enrichment, which produces material usable for both energy-producing reactor fuel and atomic bombs. After the International Atomic Energy Agency issued its appeal, diplomats familiar with the proceedings said Iran was being given until Sept. 3 to halt uranium conversion or risk being referred to the U.N. Security Council for possible sanctions. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 26 Korea Herald: Washington stresses no rift with South Korea The Nation's No.1 English Newspaper Amid the spider web of negotiations on the North Korean nuclear standoff, the United States reasserted no rift exists with South Korea in pushing for denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula but remained ambiguous on allowing the North to develop nuclear energy for peaceful use. "There's no rift between the United States and South Korea. We are close allies. We are close partners in a broad bilateral relationship and particularly in our common approach to denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula," said Adam Ereli, deputy spokesman of Washington State Department said Thursday. Earlier the same day, South Korean Unification Minister Chung Dong-young, who also heads the National Security Council, told the Internet's Daum Media that South Korea viewed it as North Korea's general right to develop nuclear power for peaceful use, adding that South Korea and the United States saw the situation differently. The United States has not commented directly on whether North Korea should be allowed civilian use of nuclear power. Top U.S. negotiator Christopher Hill instead has brought up the issue of North Korea's demand for a light-water reactor, pinpointing it as one of the main reasons the six-party talks recessed for three weeks last Sunday. While both South Korea and the United States are ambiguous to how North Korea should be allowed to use nuclear power for peaceful purposes, they both oppose recommencing the suspended construction of a light-water reactor sponsored by South Korea with U.S. technology until 2003. Starting a brand new light-water reactor project is extremely costly and certainly an impossible energy alternative for the North on its own. A light-water reactor itself is considered more as a symbol of North Korean access to civilian nuclear power. Some speculate North Korea may be using the light-water reactor demand to buy time in the negotiations, due to reopen in the week of Aug. 29 in Beijing. South Korea's deputy nuclear negotiator Cho Tae-yong reasserted South Korea's position late Thursday night. "(Our position) is that when North Korea abandons its nuclear weapons program and returns to the Nonproliferation Treaty and fulfills the safety guards by the International Atomic Energy Agency, it can use nuclear for peaceful purposes," Cho said. The United States has not been opposed to allowing North Korea leeway to discuss civilian nuclear use as long as it dismantles all nuclear programs and returns to the international treaty controlling nuclear exploitation. It wants to remove the core of the nuclear standoff by stating clearly in a joint agreement of principles from the six-party talks that the North will discard all its nuclear programs, without elaborating on any next steps that would include access to civilian nuclear energy. Cho flatly denied some reports that South Korea was getting ready to persuade other members to the six-party talks to allow North Korea to pursue peaceful nuclear activities. Ereli in Washington refused to provide further details on the U.S. position towards North Korea's demand. "... our views on civilian nuclear use, our views on the issue of denuclearization, I think, are very well known and I don't have any elaboration to make on it," he said. Asked to clarify unclear remarks and comments from the chief negotiators and security officials, Ereli said, "Look, this is a complex negotiation. It's more than one issue; there are a number of issues out there." To another question whether the issue of a light-water reactor was separate from North Korea's ability to maintain a civilian nuclear program, he brought up once again the history of North Korea converting a civilian nuclear program for military use on short notice. The North's Vice Foreign Minister, Kim Kye-gwan, will visit the U.S. in the fall to discuss nuclear issues at a Harvard University program, the professor in charge of the event said. "I invited Vice Foreign Minister Kim to come to Harvard (University) to lead a delegation in the fall for further discussions of the nuclear issue with staffers and members of the U.S. Senate, and he generously agreed to that," Jim Walsh said at a Brookings Institution seminar, according to Yonhap news agency. Walsh runs "Managing the Atom" at Harvard's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs that has exchanges with Pyongyang. He was in Pyongyang in July, just days before the communist regime announced it was returning to the six-party talks. Walsh said Kim has been invited to come to the United States in October or November. Kim has not yet applied for a visa, but Walsh said unless the six-party talks on North Korea's nuclear issue collapse, he expects the State Department to approve his entry into the country. Washington and Pyongyang do not have diplomatic relations. "I suggested that I in turn reciprocate in the spring with a visit, again primarily with people from Capitol Hill, to go to Pyongyang again for further discussions, and that's been accepted as well," Walsh said. (angiely@heraldm.com) By Lee Joo-hee 2005.08.13 ***************************************************************** 27 INSIDE JoongAng Daily: U.S. sees no rift with Seoul over stand on North August 13, 2005 KST 11:34 (GMT+9) August 13, 2005 ¤Ñ A statement from South Korea's top North Korea policymaker that Seoul opposes Washington's stand that Pyongyang should have no right to develop civilian nuclear power prompted both governments yesterday to attempt to paper over what is seen as a deep division. "There's no rift between the United States and South Korea," Adam Ereli, a U.S. State Department spokeman, said at a briefing Thursday in Washington. "We are close allies. We are close partners in a broad bilateral relationship and particularly in our common approach to denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula." The six-party nuclear disarmament talks broke up temporarily last weekend when negotiators failed to resolve whether Pyongyang could retain a nuclear program with peaceful purposes. On Thursday, Unification Minister Chung Dong-young publicly split with the U.S. position. "In terms of general rights, the right to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes such as in agriculture and hospitals, and to generate power is something the North has," he said. "Building light-water reactors is a general right. It's a North Korean right. This is different from the United States' position." Mr. Ereli, however, said South Korea, the United States, Japan, China and Russia ¡ª all particpants in the six-country talks along with North Korea ¡ª have agreed that a light-water reactor project in the North, called the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization, or KEDO, should be abandoned. North Korea has demanded that the work be resumed to complete the non-military nuclear reactors. In Seoul, officials were busy yesterday seeking to close the split. "After giving up nuclear weapons programs, returning to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and respecting international nuclear safeguards, the North should be able to pursue peaceful nuclear activities," Cho Tae-yong, the Foreign Ministry aide who heads Seoul's North Korea nuclear crisis task force, said. "We also believe the light-water reactor project should be ended." Mr. Cho said that the North should not be allowed to pursue uranium enrichment, plutonium reprocessing and uses of graphite moderated reactors, making clear that strings are attached to allow Pyongyang's civilian nuclear programs. A diplomatic source in Washington said Mr. Chung's remarks were being treated with "benign neglect." by Choi Sang-yeon, Ser Myo-ja myoja@joongang.co.kr> Copyright by Joins.com, Inc. Terms of Use | ***************************************************************** 28 Washington Times: Seoul nuke stance blindsides U.S. South Korean delegates walk past a monument for the former North Korean leader Kim Il Sung on their way to Inter-Korean working-level military talks at Panmunjom truce village yesterday. (AP) By Bill Sammon August 13, 2005 The Bush administration yesterday scrambled to repair a rift with South Korea that opened when Seoul proclaimed that North Korea has a right to develop nuclear energy. "When we saw those comments, phone calls were made," said a senior administration official who spoke on the condition of anonymity. "We want to remain on the same page" with South Korea. The source reaffirmed U.S. opposition to North Korea's nuclear ambitions, including the ostensibly peaceful development of nuclear-generated electricity. But that position is now at odds with remarks made Thursday by Chung Dong-young, Seoul's unification minister and National Security Council chairman. "Our position is that North Korea has a general right to nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, such as for agriculture, hospitals and electricity generating," he told Daum Media, an on-line news site. "We have a different view to the United States." Mr. Chung's comments, which appeared to catch the United States by surprise, were echoed later Thursday by South Korean Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon, who will visit Washington next week. Mr. Ban said Pyongyang should be allowed to build nuclear-power plants if it rejoins the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and readmits inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), according to South Korea's Yonhap news wire. Yesterday, South Korea emphasized that it would not give its blessing to a North Korean nuclear-energy program until Pyongyang jumps many hurdles. "Our official stance is that North Korea would be able to engage in civilian nuclear activities if and when it gives up weapons programs, returns to the NPT and observes IAEA safeguards," Cho Tae-yong, head of the Foreign Ministry's task force on the nuclear issue, told reporters. "There is nothing like a rift between Seoul and Washington on this issue," he added. U.S. officials say that North Korea was caught, and admitted, secretly enriching uranium for the development of nuclear weapons in 2002. After trading charges over uranium, North Korea went on to withdraw from the NPT, kick IAEA inspectors out of the country, restart a graphite-moderated reactor and reprocess nuclear fuel into plutonium. Page 1 of 2 next » | Email | Print ***************************************************************** 29 Korea: Digital Chosunilbo: N. Korea Willing to Prove It has No Uranium Program Home> National/Politics Updated Aug.14,2005 21:56 KST talks Kim Kye-gwan has said his country could present evidence that it does not have a uranium enrichment program, as the U.S. alleges. "We don't have any uranium-based weapons program, but in the future if there is any kind of evidence that needs to be clarified we are fully prepared to do so,¡± Kim told CNN Sunday. It was a clear conciliatory gesture ahead of the restart of the talks, which went into recess when Washington and Pyongyang failed to agree on a statement of principles. "As we resolve the nuclear issue we are willing to return to the Non-Proliferation Treaty and fully abide by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards,¡± Kim said. But he also said Pyongyang ¡°would like to pursue peaceful nuclear energy power generation, and this is a quite urgent issue that faces our nation. And this is a very appropriate policy in light of the economic situation of our country. That is why we cannot make a concession in this field." The issue proved the main stumbling block in negotiations because the U.S. has been adamant that North Korea cannot be trusted with a nuclear program of any kind. "If someone is concerned with regard to our possible nuclear activities which could lead up to the manufacture of nuclear weapons out of the operations of a light-water nuclear reactor, then we can leave the operations under strict supervision,¡± Kim said. ¡°The U.S. itself can participate directly or it can pick a nation it trusts." (englishnews@chosun.com ) ***************************************************************** 30 Reuters: NKorea willing to prove it has no uranium scheme -CNN Sun Aug 14, 2005 3:44 AM ET SEOUL, Aug 14 (Reuters) - North Korea is willing to prove it does not have a uranium-based nuclear programme, CNN quoted the country's top negotiator to six-party nuclear talks as saying. Vice Foreign Minister Kim Kye-gwan also said his country could not give up the right to pursue a civilian nuclear programme, CNN reported from Pyongyang on Sunday. "We don't have any uranium-based weapons programme, but in the future if there is any kind of evidence that needs to be clarified we will be fully prepared to do so," Kim was quoted as saying in the report posted on the television network's Web site. He said Pyongyang was willing to accept inspections by Washington but stopped short of saying whether it would do so in order to break a deadlock in the current round of negotiations. North and South Korea, the United States, Japan, Russia and China broke from talks in Beijing on Aug. 7 after failing to agree on a set of principles to end Pyongyang's nuclear ambitions in return for aid and security guarantees. The countries will reconvene in the week of Aug. 29. Kim said his country was in urgent need of electricity, which it hoped to secure with nuclear power plants. "If someone is concerned with regard to our possible nuclear activities which could lead up to the manufacture of nuclear weapons out of the operations of a light-water reactor, then we can leave the operations under strict supervision," he said. "The U.S. itself can have direct participation or the U.S. can pick a nation that they trust." A U.S. claim that North Korea has secretly operated a uranium-based nuclear programme and the North's insistence on a civilian nuclear power programme were the most contentious issues at the six-party talks. Construction of two light-water reactors in the North by an international consortium remain suspended and is likely headed for demise after Washington accused Pyongyang of breaking a 1994 pact. The North accused the United States of breaching the deal. Washington wants to see all nuclear programmes removed irreversibly from the North, and has offered better relations and aid in return. Pyongyang has said it wanted the removal of what it saw as a threat of a U.S. nuclear attack at the same time. © Reuters 2005. All Rights Reserved. ***************************************************************** 31 The State: Time to revisit opportunities of 08/14/2 AMERICAS ENERGY FUTURE is built on unsteady ground. Petroleum and natural gas are both getting more expensive, as worldwide demand rises quickly. They also must increasingly be imported, often from unstable or unfriendly countries. These fuels, along with coal, release the gases that are believed to increase global warming and other environmental problems. With economic growth pushing Americas demand for energy higher, the nation must ensure that it can meet future needs. To do that, we must end the logjam that has prevented the opening of any new nuclear power plants for more than two decades. South Carolina is well-positioned to be at the head of new nuclear expansion. The rising price of a barrel of oil has been the headline-maker, but all major fuel costs are headed upward. Booming, industrializing economies such as China and India are straining energy supplies worldwide. Many of these fuels come from regimes that foster anti-American attitudes, or even attacks. Others are simply too politically unstable to be reliable, especially when tight supplies magnify any problems. Americas energy future should not be totally dependent on calm in the Middle East or Central Asia. Our energy solution also cannot depend on sending ever more carbon emissions into the atmosphere. If our dependence on fossil fuels for transportation and electricity continues to increase, climate change is likely to be demonstrated as much more than a theory. Nuclear powers ability to generate without worsening the greenhouse effect has caused some in the environmental movement to reverse their opposition recently. • CONTAINING THE RISKS Nuclear power uses uranium, which the United States can produce in abundance. It also, of course, requires abundant caution. Reactor designs must make a meltdown as unlikely as possible and, as a fail-safe, contain radiation in the worst case. While U.S. reactor production has been stalled, reactor designs have still been improving. New plans include gravity as a safety measure  in case of a major problem, water would flow down into the reaction chamber, cooling off the core. In short, new reactors will be better and safer than what has come before. Still, the problem of nuclear reactor waste will continue. It must be contained safely for thousands of years. We still believe the best option is the repository at Yucca Mountain in Nevada, which seems certain to remain stable for millennia. Certainly, storage there is preferable to the current answer: keeping containers of waste next to hundreds of active reactors, many near populated areas. The environmental threat of carbon emissions far outweighs the smaller risks of a rational nuclear waste disposal policy. Central storage of waste would address another risk of nuclear power: terrorism. New reactors and facility security would have to be designed to withstand attack. Reactors are reinforced structures by nature. Still, adequate planning is necessary to make nuclear plants, new and old, uninviting targets. • SOUTH CAROLINAS OPPORTUNITY Many of these concerns also highlight why South Carolina offers a prime locale for a new nuclear power plant. The proposal is to build one inside the Savannah River Site. That location would provide intrinsically excellent security and community safety. SRS is one of six sites being considered for the first two new nuclear plants, which would be built by a consortium of power companies. South Carolina should have an edge in this competition; the state already has seven active power reactors, supplying more than half of its electricity. Our congressional delegation is unanimous in support of the project. The project also would tie in nicely with the states potential to take a lead in developing hydrogen as a power source of the future. The proposal includes a small research and teaching facility. Nuclear power could offer a way, free of fossil fuels, to produce the needed hydrogen. Nuclear power provides about one-fifth of Americas electricity. Even with a crop of new reactors, it wont solve our energy problems alone. America needs a broad effort to find cleaner, more secure sources and to waste less of what we have. Meeting future challenges will require ambitious efforts and tough actions. Some, such as nuclear power, this White House favors; others, such as considerably higher vehicle efficiency standards, it opposes. But America needs a whole slate of better answers on energy. On balance, nuclear powers benefits make it one part of the solution. TheStateOnline ***************************************************************** 32 Rediff: Pak vows to impove N-capability PTI Pak vows to improve nuclear, missile capabilities K J M Varma in Islamabad | August 14, 2005 19:03 IST Marking its 59th Independence Day, Pakistan on Sunday vowed to improve its nuclear and missile capabilities while asserting that the resolution of the Kashmir issue was 'a must for durable peace' in South Asia. Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz hoisted the national flag at an indoor auditorium in Islamabad due to security concerns. Without directly referring to India, he said in his speech that Pakistan would continue the process of improving its nuclear and missile capabilities to keep pace with the changing scenario in the neighbourhood, a day after Information Minister Sheikh Rashid stated that the country was on course to develop a 1000-km-range missile. "The most recent example is the successful test-firing of Babur cruise missile. It is a great responsibility to safeguard our independence. Pakistan today is a nuclear power and no one can cast an evil eye on our beloved country," Aziz said. + Pakistan test fires nuclear cruise missile He said regional peace is directly linked to justice and fair-play. "Solution of the burning issue of Kashmir is a must for durable peace in South Asia. Its resolution must reflect aspirations of the Kashmiri people." On the occasion, President Pervez Musharraf said the nation should reject elements who want to drag Pakistan into darkness, referring to his campaign against extremism. "I appeal to the nation to reject the retrogressive elements politically and socially as they are opposed to progress," he said.  Information Minister Rashid told a public meeting in Rawalpindi on Saturday night that after the successful test of 500-km range Babur cruise missile, Pakistan was developing yet another missile with a range of 1000 km, local news agency Online reported. After the test-firing of the cruise missile, Pakistan would further develop its missile capability, he said. In his address on Sunday, Aziz said Pakistan's defence capability is a guarantee of peace and regional balance of power and all resources would be provided to strengthen this capability. He also said Pakistan is trying to promote friendship and cooperation with India with a view to addressing all issues. The composite dialogue process is proceeding ahead, he noted and hoped that India would adopt a 'positive attitude to sustain it'. Aziz claimed that Pakistan is pursuing an independent foreign policy and would make every possible contribution for regional peace and security. While appealing to discard the obscurantist forces, Musharraf, who on Saturday night sang and danced along with top musicians and artists to the tunes of patriotic songs at a function at the President's House in Islamabad, said the August 12 cruise missile test was a gift of the 'talented' scientists to the nation on the Independence Day. "Nobody should harbour any doubts that Pakistan has come to stay -- we shall make Pakistan a strong country," he said at the function telecast live by the state-run PTV. The General, dressed in trendy ethnic clothes, danced for a while on stage along with his wife Sehba and Prime Minister Aziz and other top officials to the tunes of patriotic songs. 7333: The Latest News on Your Mobile! © Copyright 2005 PTI. All rights reserved. Republication or Copyright © 2005 rediff.com India Limited. All Rights Reserved. ***************************************************************** 33 Sunday Herald: Nuclear Powerplay - By Trevor Royle, Diplomatic Editor When US defence secretary Donald Rumsfeld makes a joke its not always easy to know if he expects people to laugh or be scared. The subtext has to be examined as well as the punch line and when the body language is all smiles the warning light should switch to amber: Rumsfeld likes living on the edge. There was an all-too-familiar moment in Washington last week when he addressed the press on the question of Iran and accused the regime of being unhelpful by allowing weapons to be smuggled into Iraq. The other factor was the countrys recent defiance in pushing ahead with the development of its Isfahan nuclear plant, following the decision to break the security seals installed by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Asked if his criticism of the country implied a threat, Rumsfeld retorted: I dont imply threats. You know that. As it turned out, the crisis failed to materialise when the IAEA passed a resolution calling on Iran to suspend its programme for uranium conversion at Isfahan and call a halt to its work on the enrichment of uranium for its fledgling nuclear power industry. British and European diplomatic sources described the result as a strong consensus-based resolution which sent a clear message to Tehran and which avoided direct con frontation, but their counterparts in Washington are not holding their breath. The hawks in the Bush administration would have preferred passing the issue to the United Nations Security Council, and imposing sanctions on Iran, as a first step to curbing the newly elected regime of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. What the second step would be is not difficult to imagine. Stung by the failure to contain Saddam Hussein and the intelligence blunders in the run-up to the invasion of Iraq in 2003, the hawks are determined not to allow Ahmadinejad to defy the rest of the world by building up a nuclear arsenal. According to assessments produced by the National Intelligence Council (NIC), Iran is about 10 years away from constructing nuclear weapons and although President Bush continues to maintain that all options are on the table, it is clear that the hawks in the military favour a pre-emptive strike on Irans nuclear facilities if diplomacy fails. As a US diplomatic source put it: We have the right to be highly sceptical and to act according to our best interests. If Saddam was punished for illegally attempting to build weapons of mass destruction, we cant sit and play possum while the Iranians do the same. Playing possum could also involve the Israelis. There are persistent rumours that Israel could act as a proxy by destroying Irans facilities on the pretext that they threaten regional stability and are in breach of IAEA resolutions. The US has recently supplied the Israeli Defence Force with new bunker-busting bombs, capable of penetrating the stoutest defences and during Ariel Sharons most recent visit to Washington, the Israeli prime minister called on the US to take action against Irans growing nuclear programme. The Israelis certainly have the experience to carry out such a raid: in 1981, they attacked and destroyed Iraqs nuclear power station at Osirak, cleverly flying in their strike aircraft under the screen of a civilian airliner. However, what makes this scenario unlikely is the charge of hypocrisy that would accompany it. Not only would an Israeli attack on an Islamic country cause outrage and further destabilise the relationship between the West and the Muslim world at a time when it is already dangerously stretched by the terrorist bombing campaign in London, but as Norman Solomon, the controversial author of War Made Easy: How Presidents And Pundits Keep Spinning Us To Death, points out, Israeli complicity in any attack would undermine the US in its attempts to win hearts and minds in the Middle East. Unlike Irans government, Israel is not even a signatory of the Non- Proliferation Treaty, he says. With a nuclear bomb stockpile estimated at more than 200 warheads, Israel is fuelling the nuclear arms race in the Middle East. But from the White House to Capitol Hill to newsrooms across the US, the Israeli nuclear arsenal draws scant mention, let alone criticism. That conundrum lies at the heart of the US response to both Iran and North Korea, the other rogue country pushing ahead its nuclear programme. Sixty years after the first atomic bombs were exploded over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the US clings to its policy of restricting nuclear weapons to a handful of countries, in accordance with the philosophy laid down by President Dwight D Eisenhower in 1953 who was determined to solve the fearful atomic dilemma by ensuring that the miraculous inventiveness of man shall not be dedicated to his death, but consecrated to his life. Doing that has proved harder than Eisenhower might have expected. At present, seven countries are known to possess nuclear weapons under the terms of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, signed in 1968 to regulate the possession of nuclear weapons the US (5300 warheads), the United Kingdom (185 warheads), France (350 warheads), China (400 warheads), Russia (7200 warheads), Pakistan (48 warheads) and India (60 warheads). A further four countries are thought to be on the cusp of production or already in possession of weapons Israel, Iran, North Korea and Ukraine and 20 countries have either stopped development or possess the facilities to develop weapons but for various reasons have not proceeded. These include Libya, which forswore the production of nuclear weapons last year, and Canada, which has the uranium reserves and capability but has never developed weapons. In 1994, Kazakhstan returned more than 1000 nuclear weapons to Russia after the break-up of the Soviet Union and became a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. For the time being, Iran remains the most significant problem for the US. It has been given until September 3 to comply with the IAEA resolution and it is clear that the Iranian administration has been thrown into confusion by the speed and seriousness of the demands. Ahmadinejad is less than a fortnight into office and his response will influence the direction he wants to take. On the one hand, he is known to be keen to co-operate with the IAEA, but on the other he does not want to be seen to be bowing to external pressure, not least from the US. Earlier this year, Irans ambassador to Britain, Dr Seyed Mohammad Hossein Adeli, produced the reasonable argument that Iran has a right to continue its conversion and enrichment programme, for its nuclear industry, as part of the countrys diversification of its energy needs and that attempts to halt it were not only unfair but ungrounded. At the same time, however, the US remains suspicious that the same programme will be used to begin the manufacture of nuclear weapons. The impasse is complicated by the presence of Russia, which regards Iran as an important strategic partner and is keen to provide it with nuclear technology through its Scientific Research and Design Institute of Power Technology. Moscows point of view is quite straightforward: it argues that Iran is a signatory to the Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty and that, so far, no convincing evidence has been produced by the IAEA to indicate that Iran has embarked on a programme of nuclear arms production (the IAEAs director Dr Mohamed ElBaradei has merely said that on that point the jury is still out.) As happens so often in diplomacy, though, nothing is done for nothing and as a quid pro quo for supporting Irans nuclear ambitions, Russia wants to co-operate with Iran on a number of related energy issues, including the development of oil and gas reserves in the Caspian Basin. For Ahmadinejad, the Russian connection is both a prop and a problem. It gives him the background strength to defy the IAEA but he also knows that resistance or defiance could encourage the US to pressure the UN to introduce sanctions. Until Iran produces its response at the start of next month, Washingtons policy is to support the Europeans secretary of state Condoleezza Rice is minded to give Ahmadinejad the benefit of the doubt but that stay of execution cannot last forever. So far, Rice has been able to rein in those hawks who argue that engagement and incentives have not worked and that the time has come for a more robust policy of confrontation and containment. Critics of the European approach of working with Iran to produce a peaceful nuclear programme argue that it has failed to encourage a moderating influence in Tehran, where Ahmadinejads administration is considered to be conservative and hardline. In return for positive incentives, the Europeans have failed signally to build any constituencies within Iran, claims the Sunday Heralds US diplomatic source. Instead we seem to be legitimatising the regime by giving it credence, propping it up and providing tacit support for other rogue states to follow suit. That analysis is also applied to North Korea, which has already announced that it is in possession of nuclear weapons and refuses to be bound by the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Following 13 days of six-nation talks aimed at convincing North Korea to halt its production of nuclear weapons, the discussions went into recess last week and are not due to reopen until August 29. The US envoy, assistant secretary of state Christopher Hill, hoped that the North Koreans would go back, think long and hard what to do so that the talks could bridge the remaining gaps but he will also be looking to China to exert some influence, even though sources close to Hill acknowledge that Chinese pressure will be limited. Ideally the US would prefer a regional solution to what it sees as a regional problem but that approach is stymied by North Koreas insistence on one-on-one talks with Washington. Whether it likes it or not, the US has to take the lead role and make sure that its two closest allies in the talks, Japan and South Korea, remain on-side. It also needs to produce a package of financial, economic and political enticements and free itself of the scepticism that North Korea is only capable of acting in bad faith in 1994 the Agreed Framework allowed the exchange of nuclear technology in return for abandoning the weapons programme: that has obviously been breached. But as the Arms Control Association insists in a recently published discussion document on North Korea, the US has to build on its experience of 10 years of negotiation and make sure that it takes place at the highest level: To make progress, President Bush must take the next step: test North Korea directly and conclusively. If a positive result materialises, the President must be willing to invest his personal prestige domestically and abroad to make and sell a deal with the North. If the result is negative, having tried the alternative, punitive options will remain viable, and broader support for confronting North Koreas continued pursuit of nuclear weapons may materialise. As with Iran, the outcome is obvious: if diplomacy and the carrot fail to achieve a result Bush can always resort to punitive options. Rice insists that the use of military force against North Korea is not on the agenda and that the current round of talks has brought more results than the US has achieved in 10 years. But all the while there is growing impatience with both Irans and North Koreas refusal to renounce the technology which creates nuclear weapons. John R Bolton, Bushs nominee ambassador to the UN, put the hawks point of view with typical bluntness: North Korea already has nuclear weapons and if we permit Irans deception to go on much longer, it will be too late, Iran will have nuclear weapons. 14 August 2005 © newsquest (sunday herald) limited. all rights reserved ***************************************************************** 34 Daily Times: VIEW: Why do nations want nuclear weapons? — Monday, August 15, 2005 Ahmad Faruqui When nations that are armed to the teeth with nuclear weapons urge others not to acquire them, their voices fall on deaf ears. Chain-smoking fathers calling on their teenage sons to quit smoking don’t carry much credibility On US urging, the European Union is trying to rein in Iran’s nuclear weapons programme by offering to support its civil nuclear-energy programme, provided uranium enrichment is suspended. Nevertheless, Iran is going ahead with its plans to restart processing uranium at a plant in Isfahan. Similarly, China and five other nations are trying to rein in North Korea’s nuclear programme. But North Korea has rejected the fourth draft agreement that would have provided it with electricity, food, economic and security guarantees in return for scrapping its nuclear programme. One can understand why the terrorists, who attach no value to human life, including their own, would want nuclear weapons. But why do nations want such weapons of mass destruction? Everyone who is observing the 60th anniversary of the dropping of the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki agrees that they are a bad idea. Yet the world is awash in nuclear weapons. According to Richard Rhodes, Russia tops the list with 16,000 warheads and the US comes in second with 10,000. China, France and China collectively account for another 1,000, followed by Israel with 200. India and Pakistan together are estimated to have between 50 to 100 warheads and North Korea may have six to eight. There are three reasons why nations cling to nuclear weapons. The first is purely military. Even though every politician says they have no military value, they have some perceived value as a deterrent. A North Korean official told a US Congressional delegation in June 2003 that “our purpose in having a deterrent is related to the war in Iraq”. Pakistan wants them to ward off an Indian attack. Many credit Pakistan’s possession of nuclear weapons for India’s inability to mount even a limited war in 2002. India’s generals couldn’t guarantee to their civilian masters that Pakistan would not retaliate with a nuclear strike in case of an Indian attack, since General Musharraf had made it very clear that even an attack in Kashmir would be regarded as an attack on Pakistan. He reinforced the message by firing three ballistic missiles in May, causing then Indian defence minister George Fernandes to say that India was not threatening the sovereignty of Pakistan. India developed its programme after China exploded a bomb in 1964, just two years after defeating India militarily in the northeastern Himalayas. China went nuclear to ward off an attack by the USSR and, of course, the USSR went nuclear to ward off an attack by the US. Somewhere along the way, Britain and France got them to ward off a Soviet invasion. Israel got them to ward off an Arab attack and came close to using them during the October 1973 war. Since American’s decision to nuke two Japanese cities 60 years ago appears to have triggered a chain reaction, a historical flashback is in order. Why did President Harry Truman bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Some say it was done to compel a Japanese surrender. There is no question the war ended after the second bomb was dropped but what if Japan had not surrendered? Would a third have been dropped? If the Japanese were willing to fight to the last man in the face of a ground assault and inflict a million casualties, as some have argued, why did they fold so quickly? Stanford historian David Kennedy says President Harry Truman “regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubt that it should be used”. Neither did Winston Churchill “hear the slightest suggestion that we should do otherwise”. While arguing that President Truman’s main aim had been to end the war with Japan, King’s College historian Lawrence Freedman adds that the bombing may not have been militarily justified. President Dwight Eisenhower, who was the Allied commander in Europe during the war, stated in a 1963 Newsweek interview that “the Japanese were ready to surrender and it wasn’t necessary to hit them with that awful thing”. Even Truman’s chief of staff, Admiral William Leahy, stated in his memoirs, “the use of this barbarous weapon at Hiroshima and Nagasaki was of no material assistance in our war against Japan. The Japanese were already defeated and ready to surrender.” In his book, The Bomb: A Life, Gerard DeGroot, a professor of modern history at the University of St Andrews, believes that Japan was looking for a way to surrender in June and July. But there were other considerations — demonstrating American power, especially to the Soviet Union. Using the bomb quickly became a test of patriotism. He says that for most Manhattan Project scientists the bomb was a deterrent, not a weapon. Physicist Leo Szilard had done as much as anyone to try to persuade President Franklin D Roosevelt to develop the bomb because Germany was doing so. But on the day after that first test, he sent government officials a petition signed by 69 project scientists arguing that using the bomb would ignite a dangerous arms race and, by damaging America’s post-war moral position, impair its ability to control the “forces of destruction.” The petition was ignored, and Gen Leslie Groves, the senior military official in charge of the project, began making a case that Szilard was a security risk. It’s a pattern that would be repeated often. The bomb ultimately came to be associated with Great Power status, and that is the second major reason why nations want the bomb. Britain, a former great power, is unwilling to let go of its nuclear arsenal. India, an aspiring great power, sees them as a ticket for a permanent seat on the UN Security Council. The third major reason for nations wanting the bomb is economic. The perception is that possession of the bomb can reduce overall military expenditure, since it allows for a smaller number of conventional forces. Of course, there is no evidence that this benefit has ever been realised, since the acquisition of nuclear weapons usually triggers a nuclear arms race. For example, every time India develops a more advanced delivery vehicle or warhead, Pakistan feels more insecure about the value of its deterrent. All nuclear aspirants ignore the statement by Presidents Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev in Geneva at their first summit in November 1985: a nuclear war “cannot be won and must never be fought”. But when nations that are armed to the teeth with nuclear weapons urge others not to acquire them, their voices fall on deaf ears. Chain-smoking fathers calling on their teenage sons to quit smoking don’t carry much credibility. Dr Ahmad Faruqui is director of research at the American Institute of International Studies and can be reached at Faruqui@pacbell.net Daily Times - All Rights Reserved ***************************************************************** 35 Indian Express: Energy independence has to be priority No.1 - Kalam Monday, August 15, 2005 President A P J Abdul Kalam NEW DELHI, AUGUST 14: As world crude prices soared to new heights, President A P J Abdul Kalam, addressing the nation on the eve of the Independence Day, defined a new goal for India’s energy policy: Of energy independence. President Kalam, in his address today, stayed away from political events that unfolded over the week but based it on international events and natural disasters in the country in the last couple of months. Noting that the ‘‘barrel cost of oil has doubled within a year,’’ the President called for ‘‘an economy which will function well with total freedom from oil, gas or coal imports’’. ‘‘Energy independence has to be our nation’s first and highest priority. We must be determined to achieve this within the next 25 years.’’ Terming this as a ‘‘national mission’’ that must be formulated, the President urged that funds be guaranteed and leadership entrusted without delay. In fact, Kalam did not limit it to the goal of energy security. Rather the goal he defined was ‘‘energy security as a transition to total energy independence’’ for which he outlined a detailed roadmap, even going into the potential savings the country could make through increased efficiency. On nuclear power, Kalam said that a ‘‘ten-fold increase’’ was needed ‘‘even to attain a reasonable degree of energy self-sufficiency’’ and it was, therefore, essential to pursue development using the country’s high thorium reserves. In his vision on energy, Kalam said that ‘‘by 2020 the nation should achieve comprehensive energy security’’ and ‘‘by 2030 energy independence’’ through solar power and other forms of renewable energy; maximum utilisation of hydro and nuclear power; an, through enhanced bio-fuel production, courtesy large-scale energy plantations like Jatropha. While energy security for the nation (ensuring that our country can supply lifeline energy to all its citizens at affordable costs at all times) is ‘‘a very important and significant need and is an essential step forward’’, Kalam said this ‘‘must be considered as a transition strategy, to enable us to achieve our real goal that is—Energy Independence.’’ In his address, he made two observations: ‘‘The climate of the globe as a whole is changing’’ and that the end of the fossil fuel era ‘‘is fast approaching’’. While from an energy security angle it’s important ‘‘to secure access to all sources of energy including coal, oil and gas supplies worldwide’’, the country should simultaneously ‘‘provide a diverse supply of reliable, affordable and environmentally sustainable energy’’. To achieve energy independence, Kalam focused on two sectors: power and transportation. Mentioning that ‘‘our annual requirement of oil is 114 million tonnes’’ and that ‘‘a significant part of this is consumed in the transportation sector’’, he added: ‘‘fortunately for us (at present) 89 per cent of energy used for power generation today is indigeneous’’. But then again, ‘‘the import cost today of oil and natural gas is over Rs 120,000 crores’’ with prices ‘‘escalating’’. Kalam said that there was need for ‘‘complete substitution of oil imports for the transportation sectors’’ and called this ‘‘as the biggest and toughest challenge for India’’. Based on the results from using Jatropha, he said ‘‘there is a need to formulate a comprehensive Bio-Fuel Policy’’ for a ‘‘full fledged fuel for fleet running in the country’’. ‘‘India has the potential to produce nearly 60 million tones of bio-fuel annually, thus making a significant and important contribution to the goal of Energy Independence.’’ According to Kalam, the country’s demand for power would touch 400,000 MW by 2030 and this will require significant build-up of thermal power stations and large-scale expansion of coalfields. But he added that it was important to change the structure of energy sources. ‘‘Fossil fuel imports need to be minimised and secure access (need) to be ensured’’ and at the same time ‘‘maximum hydro and nuclear power potential should be tapped’’. ‘‘For true energy independence, a major shift in the structure of energy sources from fossil to renewable energy sources is mandated.’’ The target for renewable energy should be 20 to 25 per cent as against the present 5 per cent, Kalam said. He also pointed out that ‘‘our farmers’ demand for electric power today is significantly high to make solar energy economical in large scale’’, adding ‘‘there was a need to embark on a major national programme in solar energy systems and technologies’’. © 2005: Indian Express Newspapers (Mumbai) Ltd. ***************************************************************** 36 Japan Times: Energy myths and illusions Monday, August 15, 2005 By DAVID HOWELL LONDON/OSLO -- People like to discuss whether the world is running out of oil and gas, and the big oil companies round the world have now joined in with warnings about energy shortages and the need to retool our economies on a more energy-efficient basis. And to emphasize their dire warnings, they are currently predicting huge and immediate rises in the price of gas and oil in Europe. But the whole debate between the pessimists -- yes we are drinking oil faster than we can find it -- vs. the optimists -- no, there is plenty more to be found and extracted -- is really irrelevant. Energy resources themselves are not the problem. The problem is the management of the world's vast energy resources, and all the complex political and economic decisions and choices and events that surround that management task. Energy sources available to the human race are unlimited, however much we use. Nuclear energy is all about politics. But it can provide enough electricity to warm and light the whole planet forever, and even to colonize space as well. Fusion, now being explored, seeks in effect to encase in a bottle the entire energy equivalent of the sun. Even traditional energy resources, like coal and oil and gas, exist in quantities so vast that it would take centuries for the world to run out, if ever, despite the repeated claims if some scientists that we have "reached the peak," or are about to reach it. To take only oil itself, "black gold" as it is called, every four or five years experts come up with new estimates both of proven reserves in the ground and, more vaguely, of likely but unexplored reserves, as indicated by certain geological markers and pointers. Until recently the figure for "unexplored" oil reserves was about 900 billion barrels. The analysts have added that to the 1.7 trillion barrels of proven reserves (mostly in the Mideast) and divided the total by the amount the world consumes each day, about 85 million barrels. The answer comes out at about 50 years, although if oil consumption rises at present rates it would be more like 30 years. But now in turns out that up in the Arctic areas of the Barent Sea, the High North as the Norwegians call it, there could be an other 25 percent of unexplored reserves, pushing that 900 billion figure to something nearer 1.2 trillion. Hitherto the problem has been how to get it out from under the ice. Giant platforms on the ice would be much too dangerous. But along, as always, comes new technology. Drills can now burrow sideways for miles under the ice and suck out oil from distant reservoirs, pumping it back to land bases. Together with the Russians, the Norwegians now think they are on top of this challenge and in a few years the edge of Europe will have oil and gas availability that matches the Middle East. In fact, gas is already being extracted, frozen and shipped to the ever-thirsty United States. And it is oil and gas not from the turbulent Persian Gulf region, where anything could happen any day politically, but from the most reliable, stable and democratic region on Earth. This changes the face of world oil politics, invalidates all those assertions about having to depend more and more on the unstable Middle East and makes nonsense, yet again of gloomy views about the oil running out. Leading Asian oil-consuming economies like Japan can give a sigh of relief that growing Middle East oil and gas dependence is not, as we have constantly been told, "inevitable." If one adds to this vista of plentiful oil the progress of technology that makes more and more efficient use of oil -- for instance via the hybrid cars now soaring in popularity -- a picture emerges in which oil and gas, far from running out, become the gradual gateway to a cleaner and greener future, rather than standing in the way of it. The same can be said for "clean" coal -- that is, coal being burned with the carbon-dioxide emissions diverted and minimized. So the real problems of energy supply lie not in the sources, or in global warming effects, but in the terrifying political dangers in certain oil-producing regions, in the prospect of terrorist attacks on complex installations, in the vulnerability of long pipelines, in lack of timely infrastructure investment (usually due to wrong economic and price forecasts) and in misguided decisions by governments and politicians. These are the points where wise energy planners should be concentrating and planning to find a way round. That is their duty and what their peoples have a right to expect. The present strong oil price is entirely due to a mixture of these factors on the supplier side, plus very heavy demand from fast-growing China, and from India, coming on top of America's ever-rising demand for oil imports. It probably will not last. Growth will slow, new refineries (a key bottleneck at present) will come on stream and cleaner and greener alternatives will provide their share, although very slowly. Feelings of shortage and energy crisis will doubtless persist as governments panic, taxes are piled on to energy sales, political earthquakes occur in sensitive regions. But the one certainty is that there is no shortage of oil or gas in the ground and no longer-term shortage of energy at all. It is just a question of surviving the difficult, and man-made, present. David Howell is a former British Cabinet minister and former chairman of the Commons Foreign Affairs Committee. He is now a member of the House of Lords. The Japan Times: Aug. 15, 2005 (C) All rights reserved ***************************************************************** 37 Scotsman.com: Curse of the Kursk still haunts Russia Sat 13 Aug 2005 MARIA DANILOVA IN MOSCOW COMMEMORATIONS were held across Russia yesterday to mark the anniversary of the sinking of the Kursk, the naval disaster that still haunts the country after five years, amid accusations that sailors continue to be sent on "suicidal missions". The memorials to the 118 submariners who perished when the nuclear vessel sank came just a week after the nation was riveted by another submarine accident that demonstrated the navy's insufficient rescue capacities. "Where is the underwater technology that the navy authorities solemnly promised to get into shape after the Kursk?" Rossiyskaya Gazeta, the official government newspaper, asked in yesterday's issue. And speaking to reporters at a Kursk memorial ceremony in Moscow, Admiral Vladimir Masorin, the Russian navy's chief of staff, admitted that while the navy had bought foreign rescue gear after the Kursk catastrophe, its navy personnel were not yet able to operate it. "No matter how many vehicles we have, there never will be enough if we can't use them correctly," he said. Flags were flown at half-mast on Russian ships, as the dead sailors' relatives and ordinary citizens flocked to Kursk memorials around Russia to commemorate the victims of the disaster. Wreaths were thrown into the water in Vidyayevo, the Kursk's home port. In the city of Kursk, home to 16 of the sailors who died on the submarine named after their hometown, a monument made from the vessel's scrap was unveiled yesterday and blessed by an Orthodox priest in an elaborate church ceremony. Crowds of people, some of them weeping, laid flowers in front of the monument. The Kursk nuclear submarine was shaken by explosions and sank during naval exercises in the Barents Sea on 12 August, 2000. All of the men on board died. The incident shocked Russians, not only because the Kursk was one of the navy's most sophisticated vessels, but also because Russian equipment was unable to reach the submarine to rescue anyone, and because for days officials refused foreign offers of help. Almost exactly five years later, Russian officials were tested by yet another submarine's sinking, prompting people to question whether any lessons had been learned from the Kursk tragedy. On 5 August, a mini-submarine with seven people on board became trapped deep under the Pacific, off Russia's eastern Kamchatka peninsula, and again the Russian navy was unable to reach it or rescue its crew. But this time, Russian officials asked for foreign help, and a British team and their equipment were flown in to rescue the mini-submarine. All seven men on board were saved. Pavel Felgenhauer, an independent defence analyst, said that while the Kursk taught Russian officials to ask for foreign help, the "rescue service isn't working, just as it wasn't working back then". "Five years later they are still sending [sailors] into suicidal missions ... knowing that only foreigners can rescue them," Mr Felgenhauer said. While the Kursk sailors' families received financial compensation from the state, many complained that authorities have failed to investigate the disaster properly and draw the necessary conclusions. [ border=] The Scotsman ***************************************************************** 38 Daily Times: Shaukat reiterates nuclear restraint offer to India Daily Times - Site Edition Saturday, December 30, 1899 By Khalid Mustafa HONG KONG: Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz said on Friday that the risk of a nuclear exchange and a conventional arms race in the South Asian region would decrease if India accepted Pakistan’s offer to set up a strategic restraint regime. The Pakistani prime minister said this when asked about the role nuclear deterrence had in the 21st century, as the notion was an obsolete method to ensure peace. Addressing a lecture on ‘Pakistan’s Vision for the Asian Century: Promoting Cooperation for Peace and Development’ at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Aziz said that however Pakistan would maintain a minimum nuclear deterrence to ensure peace in the region, as it was Pakistan’s nuclear capability and intervention by important countries that started the Indo-Pak peace process after India gathered a million troops on its border with Pakistan in 2001, increasing tension in the region. “We achieved peace through strength,” he added. Pakistan was a responsible nuclear country and opposed taking part in an arms race, he said, adding, “We have the National Command and Control Authority to ensure the safety and security of our nuclear installations. We have also enacted legislation as well as engaged with the International Export Control Regime to ensure against nuclear proliferation.” About Dr AQ Khan’s involvement in nuclear proliferation, he said it was the act by an individual and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) had investigated him. “The AQ Khan chapter is closed,” he added. About Kashmir, Aziz said all stakeholders including Pakistan, India and Kashmiris should sit together and show flexibility, sincerity and sagacity to resolve the issue to ensure peace in the region. He said the Indo-Pak peace process should be irreversible. Asked why books in Pakistan did not mention the Indus civilisation, which flourished in the area before the advent of Islam, Aziz said there was mention of the Indus civilisation in the curriculum and textbooks. “We have access to our history in the curriculum,” he said, adding that heritage was the permanent asset of any country and Pakistan was proud of its heritage. However, he said Pakistan was rationalising its national education policy. About the role of women in Pakistan’s development, Aziz said, “We have mandated a third of a total number of seats for women in the local council elections and have allocated a 25 percent quota for women in parliament.” He also said good relations between China and Pakistan was another important factor for peace. Aziz also expressed Pakistan’s resolve to contribute to the emergence of a new Asian Order based on the principle of mutual cooperation and peace and development. Earlier, during a lunch with businessmen and chief executives of multinational companies at the Hong Kong Chamber, Aziz said there was a lot of potential for investment in Pakistan. In another meeting, Aziz and Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsang discussed measures to increase economic relations, promote investment and increase interaction in the private sector. Agencies add: Aziz told businessmen that the recent bombings in London and Egypt had “nothing to do with” Pakistan, and vowed to fight terrorism. “One of the challenges we face is an image problem,” Aziz told businessmen. He also said Pakistan was “committed to our security environment”. “The number of foreigners coming today is the highest,” he said. He said Pakistan won’t trade freely with India until their dispute over Kashmir was resolved. “With India, free trade and investment has to move in tandem with progress on overall relations, and the main issue is Kashmir,” Aziz added. “Progress on free trade and investment will be linked to progress on the issue,” he said. Separately, Mainland China welcomed Aziz’s visit to Hong Kong and hoped it would strengthen their relations. Home | National ***************************************************************** 39 San Luis Obispo Tribune: Nuclear energy's future focus of talks | 08/14/2005 | This week's workshop in Sacramento will look at Diablo Canyon and San Onofre power plants' waste storage, aging operating components and effects on the Pacific Ocean's environment By David Sneed The Tribune As Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant marks 20 years of operation, the California Energy Commission will hold a two-day workshop Monday and Tuesday to take a comprehensive look at the future of nuclear power in the state. The workshop in Sacramento will be the first time in almost 30 years the state is taking such a complete assessment of nuclear issues. About an hour at the end of each day of the workshop will be devoted to public comment. Energy officials do not know whether any new policies or regulations will result from the workshop, said Mary Ann Costamagna, commission spokeswoman. Thirteen percent of the state's electrical power is provided by its two nuclear power plants -- Diablo Canyon in San Luis Obispo County and San Onofre in northern San Diego County. The plants have been reliable sources of low-emission electricity. However, they face several challenges in the coming years, including radioactive waste storage and expensive equipment replacements. Two San Luis Obispo County residents on opposite sides of the nuclear energy issue will participate in the workshop. Diablo Canyon plant manager David Oatley will represent Pacific Gas and Electric Co. "He will talk about the excellent safety record of Diablo Canyon and the contribution it makes to the state's electrical needs," said Jeff Lewis, plant spokesman. Rochelle Becker, executive director of the San Luis Obispo-based Alliance for Nuclear Responsibility, will argue that nuclear power should be phased out in favor of renewable energy sources. "We've had 20 years of nuclear power and waste," she said. "Twenty years is enough." The first day of the workshop will be devoted to the biggest challenge facing nuclear plants nationwide -- storage of the highly radioactive waste they produce. Both Diablo Canyon and San Onofre will build aboveground dry cask storage facilities in the coming years at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars each. They are necessary because storage pools at each plant are filling up and construction of a centralized storage facility at Yucca Mountain in the Nevada desert near Las Vegas has been repeatedly delayed. The earliest that facility could open is 2012. The second day will focus on the operating status of the two nuclear plants. Although the plants are licensed to operate for 20 more years, some crucial components are aging and in need of replacement. The most significant are their steam generators. Diablo Canyon's steam generator replacement is expected to cost ratepayers more than $700 million starting later this decade. Both plants also face concerns about earthquake safety, the threat of terrorist attacks and the effect of the plants' cooling systems on the ocean environment. Michael Thomas, with the Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board in San Luis Obispo, and Peter Douglas, executive director of the California Coastal Commission, have been invited to the workshop to discuss the impacts of the nuclear plants on the state's coastal environment. State energy officials say it is unlikely any new nuclear plants will be built in the state in the near future. State law prohibits the construction of any new nuclear plants until the federal government provides a permanent place to store the spent fuel. The workshop also will explore the complex way nuclear plants are regulated. The federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission has sole jurisdiction over radiation safety and plant security. However, the state Energy Commission regulates other aspects of nuclear power including its economic viability, reliability and cost to ratepayers. To participate ... The nuclear energy workshop is open to the public. Those who cannot attend can listen to the proceedings via an Internet broadcast. To listen in, go to www.energy.ca.gov/webcast/. The public can also call in and participate in the meeting. Call 1-888-323-9686 by 9 a.m. the day of the meeting and ask for call leader Peggy Falgoust. The password is "workshop." David Sneed covers environmental issues for The Tribune. E-mail story ideas and comments to him at dsneed@thetribunenews.com. ***************************************************************** 40 Washington Post: Calvert Residents Content In Nuclear Plant's Shadow washingtonpost.com > Metro > Maryland > Calvert Print This Jobs, Fishing Outweigh Potential Fears By Amit R. PaleyWashington Post Staff Writer Saturday, August 13, 2005; Page B01 The orange-and-white buoys, bobbing slowly in the waters in front of the Calvert Cliffs nuclear power plant, are covered in block letters that read "DANGER" and "KEEP OUT" and "RESTRICTED." Pete Dahlberg barely glanced at the signs as he floated a few hundred feet from the plant in his 21-foot motorboat, Runaway Ruthy, with his 8-year-old son, Nick, in tow. They hooked six-inch, neon-green lures onto their poles and cast them into the Chesapeake Bay in search of rockfish. [Aboard the Runaway Ruthy, Pete Dahlberg and son Nick, 8, fish near the Calvert Cliffs nuclear power plant on the Chesapeake Bay, which Dahlberg describes as ] Aboard the Runaway Ruthy, Pete Dahlberg and son Nick, 8, fish near the Calvert Cliffs nuclear power plant on the Chesapeake Bay, which Dahlberg describes as "the perfect place to bring the wife and kids." (By James A. Parcell -- The Washington Post) "You can't beat the nuclear power plant as a fishing spot," said Dahlberg, 41, a fishing guide who goes by the name Walleye Pete and has lived for five years in Calvert County, home of the plant, 50 miles southeast of Washington. "It's the perfect place to bring the wife and kids." Such warm feelings for the plant have transformed Calvert into something of a national anomaly: a community that has developed a love affair with what hundreds of other cities and towns have long regarded as, at best, an eyesore and at worst, a life-threatening menace. Residents of this Southern Maryland county like the plant's two reactors so much, in fact, that they want another. The Lusby facility is on a short list of six sites that could become the location of the first nuclear energy reactor to be built in the United States in 30 years. Locals here quickly rattle off the plant's benefits: It's the county's largest taxpayer, biggest private employer and, of course, a top-notch fishing hole. Almost no one worries about the possibility of accidents or radiation leaks. "It doesn't even, like, cross my mind," said Roxanne Arellano, 18, of Lusby. "You kind of don't think about it. It's just there, I guess." That sort of blase attitude might seem strange to those who began to fear nuclear plants after the 1979 Three Mile Island accident in Pennsylvania and the 1986 disaster at the Chernobyl facility in Ukraine. The most famous plant for many young adults is the comically dysfunctional plant on "The Simpsons" that spawned a mutant three-eyed fish named Blinky. But those negative images couldn't seem more off base to Arellano and the other 60 or so locals who spent a recent scorching afternoon at a swimming pool for Calvert Cliffs employees and their families on the nuclear plant's 2,300-acre grounds. Babies in diapers tottered by the edge of the 82.5-foot-long pool, which is ringed by a barbed-wire fence. Girls in bikinis baked in the sun. Arellano slid into the pool to teach the children of plant employees how to tread water and do the backstroke. The kids splashed in the water, seemingly unconcerned about the two nearby reactors spitting out 1,700 megawatts of power. Eight-year-old McKenzie Turpin, though, had a gripe: She is not allowed to go to the plant on Take Our Daughters to Work Day with her mom because of extra security since the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. "She doesn't like it that President Bush won't let mommy take her to work," said Raeann Turpin, 33, a computer analyst at the plant who lives in Huntingtown. Few people in Calvert County are even that critical of the nuclear plant. Instead, most praise the facility for reversing the economic fortunes of this once-impoverished county. When Calvert Cliffs went online in 1975, the county's total budget was $6.6 million. The plant's $6.8 million tax payment the following year more than doubled Calvert's revenue. "We went almost overnight from being the second-poorest county in Maryland to being one of the richest," said Kirsti Uunila, the county's historic preservation planner. The nuclear plant, which is owned by Baltimore-based Constellation Energy, pays about $15.3 million in property taxes -- about 10 percent of the county's revenue -- and employs about 1,000 workers. A third reactor could add as many as 400 jobs and millions in tax revenue. Aboard the Runaway Ruthy, Pete Dahlberg and son Nick, 8, fish near the Calvert Cliffs nuclear power plant on the Chesapeake Bay, which Dahlberg describes as "the perfect place to bring the wife and kids." (By James A. Parcell -- The Washington Post) That's why county officials were thrilled to learn in May that Calvert Cliffs is one of six sites that the nation's largest consortium of nuclear power companies is considering for a new type of advanced reactor. The consortium, NuStart Energy Development LLC, plans to narrow that list to two sites by Oct. 1 and apply to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for licenses to build and operate plants there. The group hopes the reactors will be operational by 2014. Sipping from a marble-colored coffee mug emblazoned with the Constellation logo, Board of County Commissioners President David F. Hale (R-Owings) called for a resolution last month in support of a third reactor in the county. It was approved unanimously by the five-member board. Not a single person spoke in opposition. Board members also praised the plant's outreach to the community. Calvert Cliffs said its employees raised $330,351 for local charities last year and volunteered 4,300 hours of time, many of which were logged teaching public school students about the plant. "I do a pro-nuclear power session," said Elizabeth McAndrew, 26, a senior engineer at the plant who is one of 32 Calvert Cliffs employees who tutored and taught in the county's public schools. The nuclear plant also distributes coloring books about electricity to elementary school children. As they drifted in the Chesapeake Bay in front of Calvert Cliffs, the Dahlbergs were a lot more concerned with fish than the mechanics of nuclear power. Over the years, Pete Dahlberg has gotten his fair share of jokes about glowing in the dark and three-eyed fish, but he still doesn't understand why outsiders don't trust his friends and neighbors who work at the plant. "Do they think that Homer Simpson's up in the place running it?" he asked. Whatever their view of the plant, outsiders continue to come for the fish at Calvert Cliffs -- some from as far as Boston. During February and March, when the rockfish are biggest and most plentiful around the plant, dozens of clients come to fish there with Dahlberg, who casts his lures near the plant every day. On a recent morning when temperatures pushed past 84 degrees, the Dahlbergs pulled up to the huge stream of water being discharged from the plant, which local anglers have nicknamed "the river" or "the rips." It reeked of sulfur. The boat's electronic fish finder lit up. "Look at that. That's fish!" Dahlberg yelled to Nick. "They're thick under the boat, buddy. You have about a 20-incher chasing your lure!" Suddenly Nick, in a tiny, red life vest, lurched forward as he began reeling in a catch. "Good job, buddy," his father shouted. The two high-fived in the air. "It's fun here," Nick said. "It's easier to catch fish than other places." Then Nick pointed at the nuclear power plant and asked: "Dad, what do they do in there?" "They make electricity, so you can play your PlayStation," Dahlberg replied. Staring down at his untied white sneakers, Nick said, "Ohhhhhhh." Then he grabbed a shiny lure off the deck and tried to catch another rockfish. Copyright1996- The Washington Post Company | User ***************************************************************** 41 canadaeast.com: Ontario unplugs nuclear generators TP Canadian Business As published on page C1 on August 13, 2005 Proposed refurbishment of two Pickering units not deemed cost effective Canadian Press TORONTO - Ontario Power Generation said Friday it won't go ahead with a proposed refurbishment of two units at its Pickering A nuclear generating facility. Instead, the province's electricity generating agency said it will "devote its resources and expertise to maximizing the performance" of its 10 existing nuclear units. "For several months we have studied the economics of the Pickering A Units 2 and 3 return to service, including third-party reviews," OPG president and CEO Jim Hankinson said in a statement. "Our mandate is to operate our assets as efficiently and as cost-effectively as possible. We don't see a sound business case for returning Units 2 and 3 to service." The company's board has advised the Ontario government of its decision, OPG said. "The return-to-service project is technically feasible and the units could be operated safely for several years," Mr. Hankinson said. "However, the physical conditions of Units 4 and 1 made them better candidates for return to service than Units 2 and 3." OPG's nuclear units produced almost 30 per cent of the power used by the province last year. Its nine nuclear units produced 42.3 terrawatt hours of electricity in 2004, 4.6 terrawatt hours more than in 2003. The utility returned the Pickering A Unit 4 to service in 2003 and the refurbished Unit 1 is expected to be in service in October at a projected cost of about $1 billion. Units 2 and 3 have been maintained in a safe shutdown state since December 1997. Over the next two years the fuel and heavy water will be removed from Units 2 and 3 and the units will be put into a long-term layup state, OPG said. Copyright © 2005 Brunswick News Inc. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 42 The Globe and Mail: Utility abandons Pickering reactor overhaul theglobeandmail.com Plan's $2-billion cost not viable, OPG says By KAREN HOWLETT Saturday, August 13, 2005 Page A1 BANFF, ALTA. -- The Ontario government's electricity utility has scrapped plans to restart two of its mothballed nuclear reactors, at a time when the province is struggling to meet demand for electricity. Ontario Power Generation announced yesterday that it is not economically viable to spend $2-billion refurbishing Pickering A's unit 2 and 3 reactors. The two units have been maintained in a safe shutdown state since the end of 1997. Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty said the decision by OPG has no bearing on the government's interest in using nuclear power to help meet the province's energy needs. "We are not ruling out new nuclear, but we are ruling out old, uneconomic nuclear wherever we find it," he told reporters in Banff yesterday, where he was attending the premiers' annual gathering. The decision not to restart the two units comes at the same time provincial and territorial leaders reached an agreement to develop a pan-Canadian energy strategy. Newfoundland Premier Danny Williams will chair a council on energy. Mr. McGuinty said a pan-Canadian approach to energy would be similar to the way the country built the railway. "There are too few things that link this country together," he said. The committee will consider all viable energy sources to meet future demand for power. New Brunswick Premier Bernard Lord urged his colleagues to develop a nuclear energy strategy at this week's meeting. He announced earlier this month that New Brunswick will spend an estimated $1.4-billion to overhaul an aging nuclear power plant. The Ontario government's electricity utility has scrapped plans to restart two of its mothballed nuclear reactors, at a time when the province is struggling to meet demand for electricity. Ontario Power Generation announced yesterday that it is not economically viable to spend $2-billion refurbishing Pickering A's unit 2 and 3 reactors. The two units have been maintained in a safe shutdown state since the end of 1997. Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty said the decision by OPG has no bearing on the government's interest in using nuclear power to help meet the province's energy needs. "We are not ruling out new nuclear, but we are ruling out old, uneconomic nuclear wherever we find it," he told reporters in Banff yesterday, where he was attending the premiers' annual gathering. The decision not to restart the two units comes at the same time provincial and territorial leaders reached an agreement to develop a pan-Canadian energy strategy. Newfoundland Premier Danny Williams will chair a council on energy. Mr. McGuinty said a pan-Canadian approach to energy would be similar to the way the country built the railway. "There are too few things that link this country together," he said. The committee will consider all viable energy sources to meet future demand for power. New Brunswick Premier Bernard Lord urged his colleagues to develop a nuclear energy strategy at this week's meeting. He announced earlier this month that New Brunswick will spend an estimated $1.4-billion to overhaul an aging nuclear power plant. In Ontario, OPG chief executive officer Jim Hankinson said the utility could not make a sound business case for returning the two reactors to service. OPG provides 70 per cent of the province's electricity supply of about 30,000 megawatts. Its nuclear units produced almost 30 per cent of the power used by the province last year. Units 2 and 3 had a capacity of 1,000 megawatts. Ontario New Democrat Leader Howard Hampton said yesterday that the government has an agenda to have the private sector develop new sources of nuclear power. But Energy Minister Dwight Duncan dismissed that, and said Mr. Hampton is "just out to lunch." Mr. McGuinty said 9,000 megawatts of new power generation is "in the pipeline" but he has acknowledged that Ontarians would face two or three summers of strain before that new generation comes into service. The sweltering heat in much of the province this summer has forced the government to import expensive power from the United States to meet soaring demand. OPG said it has been studying the economics of returning units 2 and 3 to service for several months. It said it found that while it was "technically feasible" and they could be run safely for several years, their physical conditions would make them too expensive to repair. "OPG's decision on units 2 and 3 is financially prudent and reflects our objective of keeping our costs as low as possible," Mr. Hankinson said. In late 2003, the provicial government fired the top three executives of OPG for botching the restoration of the unit 4 reactor at the Pickering A station, which was years late and millions of dollars over budget. The utility returned unit 4 to service in 2003 and the refurbished unit 1 is expected to be in service in October at a projected cost of about $1-billion. On a high-demand day, the province consumes 25,000 megawatts of electricity, while on off-peak days it uses between 16,000 and 18,000 megawatts. Separately, OPG also reported that it earned $63-million, or 25 cents a share, in the three months ended June 30, compared with a loss of $42-million, or 16 cents a share, a year ago. Globeandmail.com + © Copyright 2005 Bell Globemedia Publishing Inc. All Rights Reserved. Globeandmail.com: ***************************************************************** 43 i-Newswire.com: The ecological effects of the Chernobyl disaster Press Release And News Distribution - Nearly 20 years ago Reactor number 4 at Chernobyl exploded, sending radiation across a large region of what is now the Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia. Some 40 radionucleotides were released into the environment, including Strontium 90 (90Sr) and Cesium 137 (137Cs). Yet despite radiation levels dangerous to humans, most natural areas in the region have rebounded, and by ecological standards, are functioning normally. The session, organized by James Morris and Timothy Mousseau (University of South Carolina, US) will reveal how the environment has responded -- from genetic mutation rates, to plant and animal communities, to nutrient cycling. (I-Newswire) - Sergey Gaschak ( International Radioecology Laboratory, Ukraine ) will open the session with his presentation, "Determinants of levels of 90Sr and 137Cs in birds in Chernobyl." Studying 228 birds of 23 different species captured in Chernobyl, Gaschak and colleagues from the University of South Carolina ( US ) and University Pierre et Marie Curie ( France ) measured the birds' levels of radioactive strontium and radioactive cesium, comparing migrating populations with those that remain in the area, as well as examining age, sex, and nesting preferences to determine the amounts and types of radiation accumulating in the birds. In the presentation, Gaschak will discuss how quantities of 90Sr and 137Cs vary with feeding, nesting and migration habits. Timothy Mousseau will present "Consequences of radiation for reproduction and survival of barn swallows Hirundo rustica from Chernobyl." Barn swallows are long-distance migratory birds, which nest across Europe, providing researchers with numerous populations to sample. Examining swallows from the Chernobyl region and Kanev, southeast of Kiev, Mousseau and his colleague, Anders Moller ( Laboratorie de Parasitologie Evolutive, France ), found reproductive success was significantly reduced for the Chernobyl-nesting birds. Survival rates, number of eggs laid, and overall body condition was lower, despite similar nesting and laying dates. The radio nucleotides in the area also filter into the soil, and from there into plants. Animals that consume these plants, including livestock, then take up the radionucleotides. Viktor Dolin ( National Academy of Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine ) will discuss a newly described process of environmental self-cleaning in the talk, "Biogeochemical cycling of radionucleotide: Implications for the human food web." Dolin calculated the rate of 137Cs and 90Srs moving through the environment, then used the data to determine an ecosystem's ability to "clean" itself of excess radiation. Oleksander Orlov's ( Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute ) presentation, "The distribution and cycling of 137Cs in forests of the Chernobyl exclusion zone," will focus on 137Cs levels in three 50-year old Scotch Pine forests. Forest litter, moss, lichens, understory, macromycetes, and canopy 137Cs activity measurements will be described. Also working in these pine forests, Vadim Skripkin and colleagues from the Institute for Environmental Geochemistry, Ukraine and the University of South Carolina will report their findings on the distribution of 14C in, "The turnover of 14C carbon in forests of the Chernobyl exclusion zone." The final presentation of the session, Ronald Chesser ( Texas Tech University, US ) will describe the distribution and effects of radiation doses that hit wildlife that were living in the area at the time of the accident, as well as how the populations recovered in the talk, "Temporal trends in radiation doses, survival, and recovery in wildlife populations at Chernobyl." Organized Oral Session 7: "Ecological effects of the Chernobyl disaster: Genes to ecosystems," will take place Monday 8 August 2005, 1:30 - 5:00 PM in Meeting Room 510 A, Level 5, Palais des congrès de Montréal. For more information about this session and other ESA-INTECOL Meeting activities, visit: http://www.esa.org/montreal.The theme of the meeting is "Ecology at multiple scales," and some 4,000 scientists are expected to attend. Annie Drinkard annie@esa.org Ecological Society of America If you have questions regarding information in this press release contact the company listed below. I-Newswire.com is a press release service and not the author of this press release. The information that is on or available through this site is for informational purposes only and speaks only as of the particular date or dates of that information. As some companies / PR Agencies submit their press releases once per week/month or quarter, make sure check the official company website for accurate release dates as our site displays the I-Newswire.com distribution date only. We do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of information on or available through this site, and we are not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions in that information or for actions taken in reliance on that information. Published on: 2005-08-14 ***************************************************************** 44 Journal News: Nuclear security review ordered By GREG CLARY gclary@thejournalnews.com THE JOURNAL NEWS • Starting Sept. 12, representatives from a half-dozen federal agencies, led by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, will spend four days reviewing security at Indian Point in Buchanan. • Other agencies Included in the review are: the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the FBI, the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Coast Guard. • The 10- to 12-person team will talk to plant employees and engineers, and to local emergency response and law enforcement officials. • The review is part of a comprehensive federal program to coordinate security updates on key infrastructure sites across the nation, including more than 70 nuclear sites, thousands of chemical plants, and telecommunications and banking networks. (Original publication: August 13, 2005) The U.S. Department of Homeland Security will lead a team of officials from five federal agencies into Indian Point next month for a four-day, comprehensive review of security at the nuclear power plant, part of a new program to strengthen the defense across 17 sectors of the nation's infrastructure. The program has started with nuclear plants, agency officials said, because that sector is one of the most regulated, and it has a smaller roster of sites than the chemical or telecommunications industries. Indian Point is eighth on the list of more than 70 nuclear sites that are scheduled to be reviewed in the next 18 to 24 months. Homeland Security officials said that position was a function only of schedules and plant availability, not specific concerns about security at the plant in Buchanan. "We look upon it as kind of an unprecedented coordinated effort by federal agencies in partnership with local and private sector folks to look at critical infrastructure and consider the potential consequences of an attack," said William Flynn, director of the agency's protective security division. "We'll also look at the response capability not only of the owner, but also the local law enforcement and the emergency response groups." Flynn said the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the FBI, the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Coast Guard will send experts as part of the 10- to 12-person teams conducting the review. Indian Point became a frequent target of critics following the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Opponents cited security concerns and called for the plant to be shut down. The plant's owner, Entergy Nuclear Northeast, has defended its ability to keep the plant and its surrounding communities safe. Efforts have been made to boost security at Indian Point and other nuclear power plants since the attacks. In September, federal legislation passed that allowed security guards at New York state's nuclear power plants to use deadly force to prevent sabotage at the sites, and that put a patrol boat on permanent duty off Indian Point's shores. In its report on the attacks, the federal 9/11 Commission last year confirmed that Mohamed Atta, who piloted one of the planes that hit the World Trade Center, "considered targeting a nuclear facility he had seen during familiarization flights near New York." The plant was not identified, but the report stated that the terrorists' test flights included trips along the Hudson River air corridor, where Indian Point is based. Entergy has repeatedly said that even though the plant did not make a logical target, millions has been spent since 9/11 to improve security. More recently, two power outages knocked out the plant's emergency notification sirens, prompting Entergy finally to agree to install a new backup power generation system. Jim Steets, an Entergy spokesman, yesterday said his company saw the federal visit as "an opportunity" to determine how the plant's security stacks up and figure out ways to improve it. "It's an opportunity to spend time with security experts from the Department of Homeland Security and get their views or criticisms on the security that we have now," Steets said. "We've been reassured by a variety of things, like the assessments that have been done in the past and the force-on-force exercise, but this is another opportunity to show our capabilities and perhaps learn some things about how we can even further enhance our security." Homeland Security officials would not speak specifically yesterday about which security issues would be reviewed, other than to say the list would be comprehensive and include employees, engineers, local law enforcement and emergency officials. "We'll look at issues that would be inside the facility, and we will look at things that are in the buffer zone, the area around the facility, to see where a potential terrorist attack would take place and what we could do to devalue or deflect that," Flynn said. "We want to make it less of a target of opportunity." Agency officials said there would be similar reviews of the nation's chemical and natural gas plants, as well as transportation systems, banks, drinking water sources and other sectors. Flynn said he expected three separate teams to fan out across the nuclear sites, reviewing about one each per month until the list was exhausted. No cost estimates for the program were available from Homeland Security officials late yesterday. Anthony Sutton, Westchester County's director of emergency services, figures to play a key role among local officials when the federal regulators arrive next month. Sutton said he welcomed the review. "This will bring a new level of awareness to all the different responders here," Sutton said. "NRC ran the security, but Homeland Security is another set of eyes. It's the difference of the NRC being on the inside looking out. Now, we'll have Homeland Security on the outside looking in." An attempt to reach the environmental group Riverkeeper, a leading opponent of Indian Point that has been working to shut down the plant, was unsuccessful late yesterday. Copyright 2005 The Journal News, a Gannett Co. Inc. newspaper serving Westchester, Rockland and Putnam Counties in New York. ***************************************************************** 45 RGJ: A lingering cloud Atomic vets: 50 years later [Reno Gazette-Journal] [Reno Frank X. Mullen Jr.RENO GAZETTE-JOURNAL Posted: 8/14/2005 01:50 am Scott Sady/RENO GAZETTE-JOURNAL Peder B. Christiansen, with wife Lois and their wedding picture, is a veteran of atomic testing at the Nevada Test Site 50 years ago. He has survived cancer and has anemia and is having trouble getting benefits. In 1955, Peder B. Christiansen and about 350 other U.S. servicemen were ordered to stand on a desert ridge about five miles from an atomic bomb blast at the Nevada Test Site as part of what the Pentagon called an effort to dispel the “folklore and superstition” about atomic explosions and radiation hazards. “You get an order, you obey it without question,” said Christiansen, now 72, who has survived colon cancer but still suffers from anemia, chronic fatigue and forgetfulness that he blames on his exposure to radiation. “We stood on a ridge with our backs to ground zero and the blast went off.” After the hot wind and the shock wave passed, he said, officers told the Marines to turn around and look at the boiling cloud. They had no goggles or other protective gear, Christiansen said, and weren’t issued radiation badges. “It was like a waterfall of dirt flowing up to the sky,” he said. “It’s something I’ll never forget, although I forget a lot of things now. Of my three buddies who stood with me that day, two are dead of cancer and one so far is healthy. I’m getting more tired by the day and I worry about what the future holds.” Christiansen is among the hundreds of thousands of soldiers and sailors deliberately exposed to radiation at atomic bomb tests in the Pacific, Nevada and elsewhere between 1945 and 1963. At the Nevada Test Site alone, about 100,000 soldiers, sailors, Marines and civilian employees took part in atomic battlefield exercises in the 1950s, according to the Department of Defense. Some were observers placed as close as a half-mile from nuclear blasts. The troops marched through fallout, charged mushroom clouds, “assaulted” objectives at ground zero in helicopters, flew planes through radioactive dust and worked for hours or days a stone’s throw from the blast craters. It was practice for an atomic war that never came, an experiment to prove to soldiers they could safely operate on a nuclear battlefield, according to military documents. Christiansen said he is one of the lucky ones because he survived cancer and has a 10 percent disability rating from the Veterans Administration, although the VA has rejected his appeals to increase his $108 per month payments as his health deteriorates. No relief Of the almost one million men and women exposed to bomb radiation while in the military, about 400,000 are now dead and many of the surviving 600,000 are sick, according to the National Association of Atomic Veterans, an advocacy group. Those who have veterans’ benefits had to fight hard for them, advocates and veterans said. “Getting help for atomic veterans is a tough proposition,”’ said Joseph R. Scamihorn, service officer for AMVETS in Reno, a regional agency that helps veterans apply for federal benefits. “Anything to do with exposure to radiation is complicated and (the Department of Veterans Affairs) is real slow. It takes years to process a claim and even then it may be denied. I’ve seen guys die before they even get an answer about benefits.” R.J. Ritter of Houston, a Navy atomic veteran and national commander of the National Association of Atomic Veterans, said service members exposed to atomic-bomb radiation have had varied success in getting VA benefits. “There’s a lot of roadblocks in place and it’s hard to get anything done,” Ritter said. “These men served their country with dignity and pride, and we ought to take care of them when they are sick. Instead, they keep running into brick walls.” Providing proof Some veterans have a hard time proving they were near radiation because records were classified, inaccurate or lost, Ritter said. Others like Christiansen have trouble proving their current ailments are related to radiation exposure so long ago. “It’s like they are able to prove they were made to stand in the rain without a raincoat, but they can’t prove how wet they got,” Ritter said. “It’s a Catch-22...These guys paid their dues in a big way. To forget about them now just isn’t right.” Officials of the Department of Veterans Affairs have said they are doing the best they can with limited resources. Last year, VA officials said they were expediting atomic veterans’ claims. Regional VA officials in Reno last week declined to be interviewed for this story. The newspaper submitted written questions to the officials on Thursday, but received no answers or local claims statistics by deadline Friday. While veterans advocates criticize the VA for its glacial pace in handling claims, they admit the agency is navigating a complex system that requires evidence that isn’t readily available. “It’s really difficult to prove a claim for these folks because there are so many factors involved,” said Paul Ruprect, a benefits specialist with the Veterans of Foreign Wars in Reno. “It may appear that the VA is just waiting for these guys to die, but it’s difficult enough to prove that an injury or illness was manifested while the person was on active duty and here (with atomic vets) we’re talking about conditions that didn’t manifest themselves until years later “You have to go in with enough evidence. That’s all the VA has to rely on.” That evidence is often difficult or impossible to gather. Declassified documents It wasn’t until the mid-1980s that the Department of Defense began to declassify some of the records of the Cold War atomic exercises in Nevada and the Pacific. According to the documents, the military feared that troops who read accounts of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki might be so terrified of radiation that they would be ineffective during an atomic war. In 1953, a Pentagon briefing paper noted that soldiers and sailors were subject to “folklore and superstition regarding atomic explosions ... particularly effects associated with nuclear radiation hazards.” The military wanted to gauge the effect of radiation on building, equipment, ordnance, food supplies, animals and troops who were exposed to atomic blasts. The declassified documents show that scientists took measurements of radiation in an effort to limit the danger to troops, but commanders were interested in other matters. In an Oct. 18, 1951 memo, Rear Adm. W.K. Mendenhall Jr., a senior nuclear weapons official, chided scientists for spending so much time calculating safe human-exposure limits. Mendenhall wrote that a field commander isn’t interested in measuring radiation: “He merely wants to know, can the troops tolerate the radiation to which they are being subjected for five minutes or five days.” Atomic indoctrination Richard J. Kraske, 69, of Seattle was a Marine in 1955 and participated in “Shot Bee,” an 8 kiloton atomic blast at the test site on March 22, 1955, the day before the 1 kiloton explosion attended by Christiansen. Like Christiansen, Kraske was stationed at Camp Horno, a part of Camp Pendleton, Calif. “Our unit was an ABC outfit — an atomic-biological-chemical warfare unit,” he said. “It really sounded impressive to a 19-year-old kid from Billings, Montana.” He said Camp Horno’s units were involved in the development of fast-attack helicopter tactics that were later used in Vietnam. “They told us we were sent to Nevada to get psychologically vaccinated against atomic blasts.” Kraske and the other Marines were in trenches about two miles from ground zero when the blast went off at 5 a.m. The Marines then boarded 30 helicopters to assault an “objective” closer to the explosion site. He said the Marines later toured the site on foot and saw melted pieces of military equipment and the twisted remains of the 500-foot tower that had held the bomb. “I was fine for a long time, but I’ve recently developed an aggressive skin cancer and have applied for benefits,” he said. “The experience at the test site is the kind of thing you can tell your grandchildren about — if you live long enough to meet them.” Christiansen, who also trained in helicopters at Camp Horno, said he is glad he wasn’t ordered to “assault” ground zero. “I know other guys had more exposure to radiation and I know there are a lot of guys worse off than me,” he said. “They did their duty same as I did and now they are looking to the government to hold up their end of the deal. But it doesn’t seem to matter how many things you send to the VA, they always seem to deny the claims.” Still, Christiansen said he doesn’t resent what the military ordered him to do 50 years ago. He has only praise for the Marine Corps, the VA health care system and its employees. “I don’t know what I’d do without the VA,” he said. “The doctors and staff in Reno are wonderful. I just have a problem with the system of handling claims. They seem to go any length to deny claims and that’s a cop-out. It’s the system, not the people.” Ritter, the leader of the national atomic veterans group, agreed the VA claims system needs to change. He said of 280,000 atomic veterans claims submitted nationally, only 50 were approved at a 50 percent disability level or greater. Under current law, he said, some types of cancer are “presumptive,” meaning that a veteran who was exposed to radiation can be presumed to have developed cancer as a result of that exposure. But if the veteran’s cancer isn’t on the list, the person must prove how much radiation he or she was exposed to. That’s nearly impossible in light of missing, inaccurate or nonexistent dosage data from 50 years ago, he said. He said House Resolution 2962, which is pending in Congress, is designed to abolish the system of “dose reconstruction” that currently determines the theoretical radiation exposure of atomic veterans who have filed claims for service-connected disabilities. “Atomic veterans are still dying, but it’s on a battlefield of indecision,” Ritter said. “We want the whole list of cancers to be presumptive. If you were there and you are sick now, you should qualify for benefits.” He said nothing will happen until veterans speak with “a clearer, stronger voice” and the public gets involved to pressure Congress to change the claims procedures. “To just forget about these guys who did their duty and faced great risks 50 years ago just isn’t right. There must be justice.” Kraske said he doesn’t fault the military for exposing troops to radiation when people thought an atomic war might break out at any moment, but he questions the government’s policies today. “Back then, they didn’t know what they were doing,” he said. “And now that it’s clear what mistakes were made, they don’t want to know.” Copyright Reno Gazette-Journal, a Gannett Co. Inc.Newspaper. ***************************************************************** 46 The Indy Star: Feds probing nuclear mishap August 13, 2005 Feds probing nuclear mishap Damaged gauge at DaimlerChrysler plant may have exposed workers to low radiation. By Tammy Webber Federal regulators want to determine how a nuclear gauge was damaged at the DaimlerChrysler Foundry on Indianapolis' Westside, possibly exposing several workers to low levels of radiation. The gauge, a cylinder about 4 inches in diameter and 6 inches deep, somehow overheated July 29, causing part of a lead shield around the radioactive cesium core to melt and shift, Nuclear Regulatory Commission spokesman Jan Strasma said Friday. The gauge emits a periodic beam of radiation that determines when a tank of molten metal is full. None of the cesium, a radioactive metal encased in a double-walled steel capsule, was released. Most of the capsule still was shielded by the lead, but the part that wasn't, at the top of the gauge, allowed radiation to escape toward a second-level steel floor, Strasma said. Because the gauge is elevated and the radiation was pointed toward steel, workers in the plant were not at risk and operations continued normally, he said. However, several workers who examined the gauge after the malfunction might have been exposed to radiation, though not at levels that would cause health problems, NRC and company officials said. DaimlerChrysler spokesman Ed Saenz said it is still unclear how the gauge overheated. "We have to complete our own investigation," Saenz said, "but the gauge shouldn't have gotten hot under regular conditions." The foundry, 1100 S. Tibbs Ave., manufactures cast iron engine blocks. Strasma said a manufacturer's representative inspected the gauge Aug. 2, and the damage was reported to the NRC Wednesday. Three NRC inspectors arrived at the plant Thursday, Strasma said. He said inspectors will conduct independent surveys and assessments of radiation levels and review plans to remove and replace the gauge. The NRC will issue a report about 30 days after the inspection is completed. The gauge has been shut down and could be replaced by the manufacturer as soon as next week, Strasma said. Cesium is a soft, silvery-white radioactive metal. The form used in the DaimlerChrysler gauge -- cesium-137 -- is commonly used in industrial devices, including moisture-density gauges used in construction, leveling gauges that detect liquid flow in pipes and tanks, and gauges that measure the thickness of sheet metal and other products. Call Star reporter Tammy Webber at (317) 444-6212. Copyright 2005 IndyStar.com. All rights reserved ***************************************************************** 47 Salt Lake Tribune: Risk management: Pure luck kept blast from being catastrophic Opinion Article Last Updated: 08/12/2005 11:26:53 PM HAZARDOUS CARGO We were lucky. If the two men who were inside that explosives-laden tractor-trailer when it turned over on U.S. 6 in Spanish Fork Canyon Wednesday had been killed, knocked out or just lazy, the resulting blast could have left a lot more than a 35-foot-deep crater in the roadway. As it was, the drivers scrambled out of their overturned cab, with the help of passers-by who were braver than they knew, then warned everyone away before the 35,000 pounds of high-explosive cargo, and the truck's fuel, ignited with enough force to obliterate the truck, knock a 75-foot-wide hole in the road, damage a nearby railroad track and start brushfires. No deaths. Some 20 hospitalized. We were lucky. If the drivers hadn't been able to shoo everyone away, or if the confusion had trapped people and vehicles in a traffic jam. If a nearby truck or train had also been carrying explosives, or hazardous chemicals. If Amtrak's California Zephyr passenger train had been due about then. Shudder. And then shudder to think that, given the untold number of trucks on the road at any given moment, carrying anything from explosives to chlorine gas to nuclear waste, it seems amazing that things like this, and worse, don't happen more often. That highway has been upgraded over the years. But it is still a secondary road through a mountain canyon, and so will always be a hazardous path for hazardous vehicles. Especially when, as the Utah Highway Patrol now theorizes, the driver was exceeding the posted 40 mph speed limit. The state is in the midst of laying out $110 million worth of improvements along that stretch of highway, including plans for detectors that will flash warnings at trucks seen to be going too fast. That will help. But the best insurance against such a thing happening again is insurance. The underwriters have the incentive and the means to crack down on trucking firms to better train and police their drivers, and to enforce their demands by threatening higher rates or refusing to issue coverage. Governments cannot reasonably prevent all accidents through ironclad enforcement or accident-proof roads. But they can make it clear that the fines faced by sloppy shipping of hazardous materials are higher than any shipper or supplier wants to contemplate. Because the loss of life that may come the next time is certainly more than we want to think about. © Copyright 2005, The Salt Lake Tribune. ***************************************************************** 48 [NYTr] Price to Clean Up Britain's Nuke Sites: #56 billion Date: Sat, 13 Aug 2005 13:43:53 -0500 (CDT) autolearn=ham version=3.0.4 X-Spam-filter-host: pascal.ctyme.com - http://www.junkemailfilter.com Via NY Transfer News Collective * All the News that Doesn't Fit sent by Simon McGuinness The Independent - 12 August 2005 http://news.independent.co.uk/business/news/article305372.ece [UK] Taxpayers face #56bn bill for clean-up of nuclear sites By Saeed Shah The cost of dismantling and cleaning up Britain's civil nuclear power stations and infrastructure has escalated by #8bn to at least #56bn, the organisation given the task reported yesterday. The increase in costs announced by the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) for the 20 nuclear sites that comes under its remit, was immediately seized upon by critics of nuclear energy, who said the figures demonstrated that the power source was not economically viable. Tony Juniper, executive director of Friends of the Earth, said: "Nuclear power is an expensive liability with a long track record of huge cost overruns." Supporters of the nuclear industry claimed, however, that the NDA study showed that costs involved were quantifiable and manageable. The Nuclear Industry Association said that nuclear power was needed in order to have a balanced mix of energy sources. The Government has yet to make the politi-cally charged decision on whether to replace Britain's ageing nuclear power stations with a new generation of plants. Andrew Stunell MP, the energy spokesman for the Liberal Democrats, said: said: "This [NDA report] is the first dose of official realism there has been over the fantastic costs of the nuclear industry. It blows away the argument for repeating the mistake of relying on nuclear power as the way ahead to tackle climate change." Nuclear power currently generates more than a fifth of Britain's electricity. The NDA is in charge of the clean-up of the 11 "Magnox" power stations that were the earliest built in Britain - only four of these are still operational. It is also responsible for a range of other nuclear facilities involved in nuclear research and processing of fuel. British Energy also has nuclear power stations that do not fall under the NDA's authority. The NDA was only set up in April. Its chairman, Sir Anthony Cleaver, said that the rise in the estimated cost of the clean-up operations, from a previous estimate of #48bn to #56bn, was due to greater understanding of the task and to common standards being adopted across all the sites, for the first time, to calculate costs. Sir Anthony warned that even the #56bn figure could go up by a further #5bn to #10bn if stockpiles of plutonium were reclassified as liabilities, rather than their current status as assets. The nuclear body also recommended that the time scale for the decommissioning of the Magnox stations be drastically shortened. Within 25 years, it aims to have cleared all of these for alternative uses. Previously, it had been planned to make the sites safe over 10 to 15 years and then to leave them for 60 or 70 years, before returning to finish the job. Even under the new plan, the clean-up of the huge Sellafield site would take 75 years, at a cost of #31.5bn, rather than over a century as was originally envisaged. Sir Anthony said that taking a large gap between starting and completing the decommissioning process would mean leaving the problem to future generations. "First of all, you obviously don't have that long period where you have the problem of security and safety in the storage of that material on the site. A major advantage in addition is the impact on employment. The current plan assumes after the initial period the level of employment on those sites goes down almost to zero, then suddenly 60 years later you have to re-emerge with the appropriate skills to finish the job," he said. Next year, the NDA said it would invite bids from companies to begin the decommissioning process. Sir Anthony said that there were three current contractors in the sector but he wanted more competition to emerge. * ================================================================ .NY Transfer News Collective * A Service of Blythe Systems . Since 1985 - Information for the Rest of Us . .339 Lafayette St., New York, NY 10012 http://www.blythe.org .List Archives: https://olm.blythe-systems.com/pipermail/nytr/ .Subscribe: https://olm.blythe-systems.com/mailman/listinfo/nytr ================================================================ ***************************************************************** 49 Las Vegas SUN: Report: Some damaged containers expected to arrive at Yucca August 13, 2005 ASSOCIATED PRESS LAS VEGAS (AP) - A small percentage of nuclear waste containers is expected to arrive at Yucca Mountain with undetected leaks and cracks, potentially exposing workers at the proposed repository to high levels of radioactive contamination, the Las Vegas Review-Journal reported Saturday. Without special precautions, spent nuclear fuel contained in these damaged tubes could trigger chemical reactions when extracted from protective canisters in preparation for long-term storage, according to an Energy Department study obtained by the newspaper under the federal Freedom of Information Act. Completed in March by DOE and outside engineers, the study concluded the department had not fully evaluated the hazards associated with handling damaged fuel at the site, nor designed a process for effectively managing it. "It is rather late in the day for these people to be thinking about this stuff," said Arjun Makhijani, a nuclear engineer and president of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research. "It is truly astonishing that they have not thought about this issue thoroughly a quarter of a century after serious work on repositories began." Earlier this year, DOE officials abandoned a 2010 opening date for the repository, saying it could be 2012 or later before Yucca Mountain could begin accepting nuclear waste. The government plans to bury 77,000 tons of highly radioactive waste at the Yucca Mountain site, located in the southern Nevada desert about 90 miles from Las Vegas. "There have been a lot of meetings on this," a DOE official wrote in an e-mail to the Review-Journal on condition of anonymity. "You are talking about design, and you can't have a license application without a design." The tubes carrying the spent fuel are expected to arrive at Yucca Mountain at a rate of about 9,000 per year for 25 years. About 4 percent are expected to have varying degrees of damage, according to the study. Most are expected to be identified through reactor records, but a small percentage, about 0.4 percent, are expected to have unknown or undetected damage that could allow the fuel to oxidize and possibly trigger a chemical reaction during the storage process. Although the tasks would be handled by machinery and robots, workers would be present. The study identified areas to research, including the rates at which fuel might degrade, the potential exposure risk for workers and the chances of a chemical reaction. "The process for handling failed fuel in damaged fuel cans is not yet detailed in current design documents, and the related hazards have not yet been evaluated," the study said. Among the options considered by DOE is the addition of pools at the repository to handle damaged fuel rods underwater, a process currently used at nuclear power plants, according to the Review-Journal. Bob Loux, director of the Nevada Agency for Nuclear Projects, said it appears DOE has overlooked an important safety issue. DOE "has not thought through the issues of the surface operations, from what we've seen," said Loux, who coordinates Nevada's opposition to the repository. If DOE decides to install such pools, it would create questions about earthquake vulnerability, Loux said. Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid of Nevada, a Yucca Mountain opponent, said the study proves the project is flawed and should not move forward. "At no point while moving waste off site, to transportation to proposed storage, can DOE protect workers and communities from being exposed to dangerous levels of radiation," Reid said. All contents copyright 2005 Las Vegas SUN, Inc. ***************************************************************** 50 The Observer: US firm to clean up UK's atomic facilities The Guardian [UP] Oliver Morgan Sunday August 14, 2005 The Observer British Nuclear Group, the company that dismantles old atomic sites in the UK, is set to sign a deal with US engineer Jacobs to decommission Britain's collection of Magnox first-generation power stations. The deal, which will see Jacobs take charge of decommissioning the plants, could be a precursor to a takeover of BNG by a US player. Senior industry and Whitehall figures believe that BNG, a subsidiary of BNFL, is incapable of carrying out decommissioning projects on its own. Last week it emerged that BNG believes it spends twice as much, and takes twice as long, as it needs in the preliminary stages of decommissioning Magnox plants. At the same time the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA), the government body that owns most of the UK's major nuclear sites and is responsible for overseeing their safe dismantling, published a consultation paper stating that current plans for an 80-year timescale for each plant should be reduced to just 25. Jacobs' involvement follows an earlier deal between BNG and another US player, Fluor, which is advising BNG on safety. Whitehall sources have indicated that they believe BNG needs a partner to provide expertise in a number of areas. But it has emerged that they believe such a partner should take a majority stake in any such deal - in effect turning BNG over to foreign ownership. BNFL, headed by chief executive Michael Parker, has been state-owned since it was set up in the 1950s to reprocess spent uranium fuel as part of the UK's civil nuclear energy programme. It is believed that BNG chief Lawrie Haynes, last week promoted to the BNFL board, considers such a move inevitable, and desirable. Industry sources also indicate that were a partnership sale agreed, the management of BNG would need to be paid in line with those operating in the private sector. This could involve considerable salary and bonus packages. [UP] Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 51 London Times: Uranium shortage poses threat - While Britain has no plans to begin building a new generation of nuclear reactors, pressure has been growing to take a decision to restart a nuclear programme as a way of cutting carbon dioxide emissions that lead to climate change and reducing Britain’s reliance on imported gas. However, a recent report by the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada said that there was likely to be a 45,000-tonne shortage of uranium in the next decade, largely because of growing Chinese demand for the metal. Prices for uranium have almost tripled, to about $26/lb between March 2003 and May 2005, after being stable for years. According to the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development’s Nuclear Agency’s “red book” — its statistical study of world uranium resources and demand — the world consumed 67,000 tonnes of uranium in 2002. Only 36,000 tonnes of this was produced from primary sources, with the balance coming from secondary sources, in particular ex- military sources as nuclear weapons are decommissioned. In 2001 the European Commission said that at the current level of uranium consumption, known uranium resources would last 42 years. With military and secondary sources, this life span could be stretched to 72 years. Yet this rate of usage assumes that nuclear power continues to provide only a fraction of the world’s energy supply. If capacity were increased six-fold, then the 72-year supply would last just 12 years. Paul Mobbs, an environmental campaigner, said: “It would be unwise to advocate adopting the nuclear option when we have no realistic idea of how long the uranium resources will last. We would very quickly shift from shortages of oil and coal to shortages of uranium.” Philip Dewhurst, chairman of the Nuclear Industry Association, said: “Increased demand for uranium is going to be a factor, but the industry believes that nuclear power has served the UK very well and that we should look at the issue of replacing those generators that are due to be closed, whether the uranium supply is plentiful or not.” China has said that it intends to build 40 new nuclear power stations by 2020. Last month, Canadian officials confirmed that China wants to buy Canadian uranium and to participate in joint mining ventures. Canada is the world’s largest uranium producer. Uranium mining production peaked in 2001. Experts believe that it will take more than ten years to open new mines. Despite a resurgence in interest in nuclear power around the world, the Government has insisted that British Nuclear Fuels puts its Westinghouse division, which builds new power stations, up for sale. The company said that the decision to sell Westinghouse was prompted by 15 serious expressions of interest in the past 18 months. Copyright 2005 Times Newspapers Ltd. ***************************************************************** 52 RGJ: Reid, Ensign forging close ties [Reno Gazette-Journal] [Reno Gazette-Journal] August 14, 2005 Erica Werner ASSOCIATED PRESS Posted: 8/13/2005 12:43 am WASHINGTON — The home state of the Senate Democratic leader might not seem like the best place to be a first-term Republican senator up for re-election. But Sen. John Ensign, R-Nev., is finding he could hardly ask for a safer haven. Once bitter opponents, Ensign and now-Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid emerged from a hard-fought 1998 campaign, which Ensign lost by 428 votes, to forge a close relationship. Now Reid, in charge of growing the Democratic minority in the Senate, is signaling that Ensign is one Republican who won’t be in his cross-hairs. “We’ve got other places where we’re going to focus our attention,” Reid said. “We don’t say anything negative about each other. That’s the only agreement we have,” Ensign said. So far, not a single prominent Democrat has shown interest in the Nevada Senate race. Ensign says potential candidates are drawn to other races, for governor and statewide offices. Political analysts also say that Ensign’s popularity and proven fundraising strength have scared off potential opponents. But Reid’s apparent reluctance to work against the junior senator is a major factor in keeping the field clear, analysts agree. “The most powerful Democrat in the country is essentially saying that in my home state, I cannot find a Democrat to run against John Ensign. I mean, it’s laughable,” said Jon Ralston, a nonpartisan Nevada political analyst who writes a column in the Las Vegas Sun and produces a daily political newsletter. “I guarantee no one has a chance to beat John Ensign without Harry Reid’s help. And he’s not going to help. ... I think he thinks that relationship is just too important.” Asked if he would like to see Ensign beaten, Reid responds: “Oh, I could always use another Democrat in the Senate.” But he said that in the absence of a viable candidate to run against Ensign, the party will focus elsewhere. With 15 Republican senators up for re-election next year and Democrats defending 18 seats, Reid has plenty of other races to worry about. But Nevada political analysts offer another explanation of his apparent indifference to the one Senate race in his own back yard: Campaigning against Ensign could be bad politics in Nevada, where Republicans slightly outnumber Democrats and voters tend to be independent. Having opposite-party senators who work well together has helped the state fight the proposed Yucca Mountain nuclear waste dump, get public lands bills and protect the gambling industry. Donors and voters of both parties appear to like it that way. “I think that they’re hearing a lot of positive reinforcement from the contributors and the other spheres of influence in Nevada saying this is working, don’t screw it up you guys, keep working together,” said Billy Vassiliadis, a longtime Democratic consultant in the state. The Nevada tourists and business travelers who turn out for the weekly breakfasts Reid and Ensign co-host in the Capitol also say they appreciate their relationship. “It is nice to see that on issues where the two senators can work together, that they do,” Richard Farris, 41, a 7-Eleven franchise owner from Las Vegas, said at one of the breakfasts last month. “It’s kind of refreshing.” Farris said he’s a Republican, but supports Reid — a frequent phenomenon in the small world of Nevada politics, in which common interests, like support for gambling and opposition to nuclear waste, pit the state against the rest of the country regardless of party allegiance. Ensign’s father, Mike Ensign, a Las Vegas casino executive, even donated to Reid’s campaign last year. That backing from Republicans and independents helped Reid win re-election to a fourth Senate term last year with 61 percent of the vote, a welcome change from his near-loss to Ensign six years before. Turning against Ensign now could only jeopardize that support, analysts said. “Politics is still local, and I think Sen. Reid in a Republican state would probably cause as many problems as he would solve” by campaigning against Ensign, said Pete Ernaut, a GOP operative and campaign chairman for Ensign’s successful 2000 Senate race. “That may play well in Washington, but it certainly doesn’t play well at home.” In personal style Reid and Ensign are almost opposites. Reid, 65, is stoop-shouldered and slight, and speaks so quietly his comments are sometimes barely audible. Ensign, 47, is tall, good-looking and charismatic. During their 1998 campaign, Reid mocked Ensign’s background as a veterinarian, and Ensign ran ads labeling Reid “that old card shark.” They began mending their relationship after Ensign conceded defeat, and they now say they have a genuine friendship that helps the state. It also helps each of them. “I respect him, I disagree with him on a lot of issues and we fight for what we believe in on our various issues,” Ensign told Nevada visitors at one of their recent breakfasts. “But we never attack each other personally, we give each other space when we disagree, and it works out very, very well.” Copyright Reno Gazette-Journal, a Gannett Co. Inc.Newspaper. ***************************************************************** 53 AP Wire: Truck carrying low level radioactive material catches fire on I-5 Posted on Sun, Aug. 14, 2005 Associated Press GRAPEVINE, Calif. - A tractor-trailer carrying low level radioactive material used to help identify potential oil wells caught fire on Interstate 5 Saturday afternoon, shutting down the southbound lanes of the freeway for three hours, but there were no reports of serious injuries or damages. The passenger in the truck was treated for smoke inhalation at the scene. The driver was unhurt. Their names were not immediately released. The truck, owned by Houston-based Schlumberger Oil Field Services, caught fire around 3 p.m., near the Grapevine exit, about 65 miles northwest of Los Angeles. Fire crews quickly extinguished the flames. Kern County hazmat crews were called in after officials discovered the cargo area of the truck contained materials identified as radioactive but determined the containers had not been affected by the fire. "They were still in their containers. There was no danger," said county fire Capt. Doug Johnson. Schlumberger spokesman Steven Harris said the material was triple encased to withstand extreme heat and pressure. Radioactive material is commonly used in the oil industry to identify wells, he said. "We take samples of wells before we drill into them. The radioactive material is used to see into the well." Schlumberger operates oil wells in 80 countries around the world. On the Net: http://www.slb.com/ ***************************************************************** 54 Deseret News: Blowing a hole in the road [deseretnews.com] Saturday, August 13, 2005 Deseret Morning News editorial On a highway once considered to be one of the most dangerous in the nation, a semitruck carrying 35,500 pounds of explosives overturned Wednesday afternoon triggering a massive explosion, All that remained on that stretch of U.S. 6 in Spanish Fork Canyon was a crater, some 70 feet wide and 30 feet deep. Incredibly, no one was killed, although 10 people were injured. The explosion started small fires, devastated nearby railroad tracks and forced the closure of U.S. 6 in both directions. Excessive speed is believed to be a factor in the accident. A number of improvements have been made to U.S. 6 over the years, but it remains a hazardous roadway. Drivers need to strictly follow posted speed limits because the road is heavily traveled by trucks and it has steep grades in certain sections. Anyone carrying hazardous materials needs to be doubly cautious. Wednesday's incident provides other food for thought. Utah Department of Transportation and Union Pacific worked around the clock to repair the damaged road and railway. UDOT made remarkable progress, considering the blast eliminated an entire section of road, shoulder to shoulder. The agency was quick to establish alternative routes for drivers. The incident exposed a great vulnerability. When a major route is paralyzed due to an accident, natural disaster or even acts of terrorism, there are incredible impacts to commerce and individuals. Utah's public safety officials must be ever vigilant to deter or minimize incidents of this nature and develop effective contingency plans. The response to Wednesday's accident suggests UDOT has made great strides in this area. Any accident of this nature gives rise to concerns for the safety of the motoring public. People who motor along the Crossroads of the West frequently encounter vehicles carrying hazardous and toxic materials. Most times, motorists are unaware of the potential threat — until an incident such as the explosion in Spanish Fork Canyon occurs. If nothing else, the accident reaffirms the Deseret Morning News' long-held opposition to creating a disposal site for spent-nuclear fuel rods on Utah's West Desert. There is a substantial degree of risk in motoring among semitrucks full of petroleum products, chemicals, explosives and a limited amount of nuclear materials. Adding to the existing dangers would be foolish. © 2005 Deseret News Publishing Company ***************************************************************** 55 Las Vegas RJ: YUCCA MOUNTAIN: 'Monkey wrench' Saturday, August 13, 2005 Report: DOE hasn't fully studied how to handle damaged fuel assemblies By STEVE TETREAULT The Energy Department says it could be 2012 or later before the Yucca Mountain complex will begin accepting spent nuclear fuel for burial. Photo by John Gurzinski. Work continues on the Yucca Mountain repository, which is years away from accepting spent nuclear fuel. Photo by Gary Thompson. STEPHENS WASHINGTON BUREAU WASHINGTON -- Thousands of fuel assemblies containing radioactive nuclear waste are expected to arrive damaged at Yucca Mountain, including some with undetected leaks and cracks, posing potential risks to workers and the public, according to a report prepared for the government. Handled without special precautions, fuel with damaged cladding that is extracted from protective canisters and exposed to the air could trigger chemical reactions, causing gases to escape and fuel pellets to oxidize into micron-sized dispersible powders. The released powders would result in "high levels of radioactive contamination" in fuel-handling areas of the repository complex, Energy Department and contractor engineers concluded in a study completed in March. The Review-Journal obtained a copy through the federal Freedom of Information Act. Only months before the department has said it may apply for a license to build a Yucca Mountain complex, the engineers concluded DOE had not fully evaluated the hazards associated with handling damaged fuel at the site, nor designed processes for managing it effectively. Experts outside DOE expressed surprise. "It is rather late in the day for these people to be thinking about this stuff," said Arjun Makhijani, a nuclear engineer and president of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research. "It is truly astonishing that they have not thought about this issue thoroughly a quarter of a century after serious work on repositories began. "This is a big deal. It throws one more monkey wrench into the process of what issues are resolved and not resolved." The Department of Energy wouldn't provide a representative to be interviewed about the topic but supplied written answers to e-mailed questions. "There have been a lot of meetings on this," a DOE official said on condition of not being identified. "You are talking about design, and you can't have a license application without a design." The report identified areas where more research was advisable. They include the rates at which fuel might degrade into powder form, potential worker doses, and whether under any circumstances oxidized fuel could provoke a nuclear chain reaction. "The process for handling failed fuel in damaged fuel cans is not yet detailed in current design documents, and the related hazards have not yet been evaluated," the report's authors said. DOE managers believe the matter can be addressed, "but it gets into cost and other things -- like time -- depending on the design," an official said. "They know what to do. It's a question of how they want to do it and what will be required. And I'm sure the schedule has come up." DOE officials earlier this year abandoned a 2010 opening date for the repository, saying it could be 2012 and possibly later before Yucca Mountain could begin accepting spent fuel for burial. Among the options DOE is considering, according to officials familiar with the issue, is adding a pool on the repository grounds so damaged fuel rods can be handled underwater, as they are at nuclear power plants. In its written responses, the DOE said it was planning "confinement cells that include thick concrete walls and air locks to protect the worker and the public from exposure to radiation." At a June 6 public meeting in Pahrump, DOE official Richard Craun said managers were working on designing rooms where oxygen would be pumped out and replaced with nitrogen to create an inert atmosphere in which to handle problem fuel. "As a conservative measure, DOE will handle all assemblies in confinement cells, whether damaged or not, to ensure the safety of the worker and the public," the department said in its written replies. "Operations may occasionally be interrupted to facilitate confinement cell cleanup. Potential risk to the worker and the public from repository operations are well within established federal radiation protection standards." DOE added it was considering "other design and operational practices that would further prevent or mitigate the release of radionuclides. DOE is evaluating the various options described in the report for inclusion in the license application." Potential fuel oxidation at Yucca Mountain has become a priority topic that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission is monitoring as it awaits DOE's repository licensing request, Tim Kobetz, an NRC senior project manager, said at an Aug. 4 advisory board meeting. NRC staff is preparing an evaluation of the issue, anticipating it could be raised during Yucca license hearings. "Fuel oxidation is definitely a potential risk," said Marissa Bailey, engineering section chief in the NRC's division of high-level waste repository safety. "It is something (DOE) will have to address in the license application." Nuclear utilities deal with damaged fuel on a regular basis, and it has been studied extensively, said Dan Bullen, an engineering risk consultant and former member of the Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board, which evaluates Yucca Mountain science. Even though Yucca Mountain would be a first-of-its-kind facility, Bullen said, he believed DOE could minimize risks. Over 25 years that fuel would arrive at the site, the number of damaged assemblies would be small, he said. "If they keep it in an inert atmosphere, it will not be a problem; and I would agree with that," Bullen said. "I don't want to say it is easy, but it is a realistic engineering approach." Steve Frishman, a full-time consultant for the state of Nevada, said, "Given time and enough experimental work, they can probably figure out how to run an industrial operation which doesn't have the risk of high exposures which they say are unacceptable. "But either way, they haven't got enough knowledge of design of fuel transfer at this point to have a license application in six months," he said. Bob Loux, director of the Nevada Agency for Nuclear Projects, said DOE appears to have overlooked an issue important to safety. DOE "has not thought through the issues of the surface operations, from what we've seen," said Loux, who coordinates Nevada's official opposition to the repository. If DOE decides to install spent fuel pools, it would open a new set of questions about earthquake vulnerability, Loux said. Sen. Harry Reid, D-Nev., said the report shows evidence of project flaws and more reasons why it should be ended. "At no point while moving waste off site, to transportation to proposed storage, can DOE protect workers and communities from being exposed to dangerous levels of radiation," Reid said. "New so-called standards were released this week for supposedly a million years into the future; but according to this latest report, DOE can't even figure out how to remove the waste from plant sites safely." While much public attention has been focused on the projected performance of an underground Yucca repository over thousands of years, nuclear waste would be handled routinely at an industrial complex on the east side of the mountain. There, waste-bearing shipping casks arriving by train and truck would be unloaded, unpacked and repackaged into burial containers or aging canisters. Although the tasks would be handled by machinery and robots, workers would be present. Spent fuel assemblies are expected to arrive at Yucca Mountain at a rate of about 9,000 a year, or 222,000 assemblies over 25 years. The fuel study said about 4 percent, equating to 8,880 assemblies, "are expected to have varying amounts of cladding damage that could lead to fuel oxidation when the assemblies are handled in air." Each of the damaged assemblies is expected to have an average of 2.2 failed fuel rods, the study said. Most of the damaged fuel will be identified through reactor records, "but a small percentage of assemblies (approximately 0.4 percent or 1,000 fuel assemblies) is expected to have unknown or undetected cladding damage that could allow the fuel to oxidize." During handling operations, a typical assembly is expected to be exposed to the air for more than 100 hours at temperatures up to 400 Celsius, the study stated. "At these times and temperatures, fuel oxidation is expected for failed fuel during normal waste handling operations," the study stated. The rate of oxidation would depend on time and temperature. Frishman said the report appeared to show that damaged fuel cladding at the 400 Celsius temperature could be susceptible to failure after two hours of exposure to air. DOE officials didn't comment on that point Friday. During the oxidation process, the oxidized fuel would swell and could cause further failure, a process called "clad unzipping." "The contamination levels and dose rates resulting from normal handling of commercial spent nuclear fuel are expected to be much higher than desirable," the study stated. "Oxidized material released from fuel rods will be difficult to control and account for." According to government scientists, a preliminary analysis concluded the amount of oxidized material that would be released would not pose concerns for criticality, or a nuclear reaction. "However, the uncertainty with oxidation rates and release fractions needs further evaluation to determine if this preliminary analysis is conclusive," it said. Bailey said the potential for criticality "is pretty low, because they are handling fuel in a dry environment. There is not an issue of criticality." Copyright Las Vegas Review-Journal ***************************************************************** 56 Las Vegas RJ: Nuclear agency denies request Saturday, August 13, 2005 State sought to revise technical ruleon waste repository By STEVE TETREAULT STEPHENS WASHINGTON BUREAU WASHINGTON -- The Nuclear Regulatory Commission turned down a request to alter a long-standing technical rule that Nevada attorneys had complained prejudges the completion of Yucca Mountain. The commission said the state misinterpreted the rule and did not provide the proper information to allow the matter to be opened for reconsideration. The agency, which regulates nuclear waste facilities, notified Nevada attorneys in an Aug. 10 letter that was made public Friday. The state sought to challenge the NRC's "waste confidence" decision that was written in 1990. For purposes of streamlining nuclear plant licensing, the waste confidence rule assumes that a nuclear waste repository will be operating by 2025. The rule does not mention Yucca Mountain, but state officials said NRC might feel pressured to approve the Nevada site for nuclear waste disposal unless the regulation was changed. The NRC in its response said its commitment to a "fair and comprehensive" review of Yucca Mountain "is not jeopardized by the 2025 date." Joe Egan, the state's lead nuclear waste attorney, said to his knowledge this was the first time the NRC had turned down a petition without first publishing a formal notice and seeking public comment. Earlier Friday, the NRC said it would gather public comment on another Nevada petition, clarifying what issues the agency could consider during licensing hearings for the Yucca repository, 100 miles northwest of Las Vegas. Copyright Las Vegas Review-Journal ***************************************************************** 57 AU: ninemsn.com: Nuclear waste sparks debate 12:33 AEST Sat Aug 13 2005AAP About 120 people attended a public meeting in Darwin on Friday to discuss plans for a nuclear waste facility in the Northern Territory. Many expressed opposition to the Commonwealth's decision to build the facility at one of three sites in the Territory - Mt Everard or Harts Range near Alice Springs, or Fishers Ridge near Katherine, the Northern Territory News reported. Darwin resident Cindy Watson asked: "If the facility is safe and it's only going to be 3600 cubic metres, which is less than half a square kilometre, why not build it in the ACT or Sydney?" Dr Ron Cameron from the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) insisted the storage facility would be safe because the containers used to ship and store reprocessed intermediate waste "were designed to last 100,000 years". "The packaging is very robust," Dr Cameron said. "It can take explosions, being dropped in water and left for a long time, or burned." Senator Nigel Scullion said he understood Territorians felt the facility had been forced on them. "I think the dump is being put in the Territory because of amenity but also because the Commonwealth can overthrow Territory laws," he said in the report. ninemsn.com.au About ninemsn - Our sites - Media Centre - List your site - Contact us - Help © 1997- 2005 ninemsn Pty Ltd - All rights reserved ***************************************************************** 58 Cincinnati Post: Million-year guarantee It is tempting to say that by the time the Yucca Mountain controversy, now in its 18th year, is resolved, the nuclear waste it is supposed to house will have decayed into harmlessness. Here's the latest chapter. According to an Environmental Protection Agency press release this week, "EPA is proposing public health standards for the planned high-level radioactive waste disposal facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, that will protect public health for 1 million years." One million. That's a number that jumps out and grabs you. The EPA was responding to a court ruling that found an earlier standard, for a relatively brisk 10,000 years, didn't go far enough. So the agency tacked on a regulation limiting radiation exposure for another 990,000 years, providing protection, it said, for the next 25,000 generations of people living near the site. Human beings in their recognizable modern form have only been around for 150,000 years or so - some say as long as 195,000 - and only spread out of Africa and into the rest of the world 28,000 years ago. Talk about hubris. Not only does the standard assume that we'll still be around, but that the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit will be around to enforce it. Then again, maybe the EPA knows something the rest of us don't. Maybe by then radioactivity will be good for you. Publication date: 08-13-2005 [Cincinnati.Com] Copyright2005 The Cincinnati Post, an E.W. Scrippsnewspaper. ***************************************************************** 59 Salt Lake Tribune: Support Envirocare Opinion Article Last Updated: 08/12/2005 11:27:04 PM It appears that the only talent Jason Groenewold of Healthy Environment Alliance of Utah has qualifying him as an environmentalist is his perpetual complaining about Envirocare (Tribune, Aug. 8). Before we get ahead of ourselves, it would be nice if we were clear on exactly what Envirocare does. It stores things like shoe covers, lab coats and paper towels from places where radiation is managed. It also stores dirt. Class A low-level waste loses its radioactive hazard in less than 100 years through natural decay. Let's compare that with the Huntsman Cancer Institute. I'm certain that no one would complain about the potential miracles from its research, or that we'd all benefit if cancer were eradicated from the earth. However, such research generates radioactive waste. That type of waste is generally Class B waste, which is too “hot” for Envirocare to store. In fact, Envirocare willingly withdrew its application to store such waste. We live in a nuclear age from which we all benefit. As an environmentalist, I commend Envirocare for the work it is doing. I appreciate the care and safety with which it operates and request the support of our legislators in its behalf. Jeremy Roberts Sandy © Copyright 2005, The Salt Lake Tribune. ***************************************************************** 60 East Valley Tribune: Court tells EPA: Go long Daily Arizona news for Chandler, Gilbert, Tempe, Mesa, Scottsdale Tribune Editorial August 13, 2005 Here’s the latest chapter in the now 18-year Yucca Mountain nuclear-waste controversy: According to its press release this week, the Environmental Protection Agency has proposed "public health standards for the planned high-level radioactive waste disposal facility at Yucca Mountain, Nev., that will protect public health for 1 million years." One million. That’s a number that jumps out and grabs you. The EPA was responding to a court ruling that found an earlier standard, for a relatively brisk 10,000 years, didn’t go far enough. So the agency tacked on a regulation limiting radiation exposure for another 990,000 years. Human beings in their recognizable modern form have only been around for 150,000 years or so — some say as long as 195,000 — and only spread out of Africa and into the rest of the world 28,000 years ago. Talk about hubris. Not only does the standard assume that we’ll still be around, but that a federal appellate court will be around to enforce it. Then again, maybe the EPA knows something the rest of us don’t. Maybe by then radioactivity will be good for you. Copyright 2005 East Valley &Scottsdale Tribune Freedom Communications, Inc. | © 2001 - 2005 All Rights Reserved. Freedom Communications, Inc. ***************************************************************** 61 AU ABC: Barnett, Birnie at odds on uranium. 13/08/2005. ABC News Online Former Western Australia opposition leader Colin Barnett has contradicted his successor, Matt Birnie, on the issue of uranium mining. Mr Birnie has sided with WA Premier Geoff Gallop on the issue of uranium, saying the material will not be mined in Western Australia. But Mr Barnett has told the ABC's Stateline program that will change if the Liberal Party wins the next election. "I think it's absolutely certain that Western Australia will become a uranium-producing economy," he said. Mr Barnett says the world is increasingly leaning towards nuclear power to reduce greenhouse gas emmissions and WA is well placed to supply the uranium required. "If we are to reduce greenhouse emissions the only realistic alternative for fossil fuels for large-scale power generation is nuclear," he said. Mr Barnett says the world's most populous nations, India and China, are both embarking on nuclear energy programs. Neither Mr Birnie nor his spokesman has returned the ABC's calls for a response. ***************************************************************** 62 AU ABC: NT nuclear dump decision purely political - MP. 15/08/2005. ABC News Online A Labor politician says the Federal Government has gone against its own advice by choosing to put a nuclear waste dump in the Northern Territory. The Member for Lingiari, Warren Snowdon, says the National Sites Advisory Committee found four prospective sites in the Territory were unsuitable to house radioactive waste. The committee was set up by former federal science minister Peter McGuaran before the last federal election and identified seven "more suitable" sites in Victoria, the ACT and New South Wales. But Mr Snowdon says the reason the committee's advice has not been taken is because the seats covering the sites are held by Coalition politicians. "What this demonstrates is, there's no scientific or environmental logic to the decisions being made by the Federal Government under [Science] Minister Nelson," Mr Snowdon said. "This is just all a political fix. It's because they're not prepared to put one of these dumps in one of their own federal or National party electorates. "What they're trying to do is make political decisions not decisions based on rational scientific or environmental assessments. "They're making assessments on the best political outcome for them ... it is the wrong way to do public policy. "It's clearly wrong in terms of the Northern Territory's interests because we in the Northern Territory, certainly the people of Lingiari, don't want these dumps." Mr Snowdon says a site just eight kilometres from Canberra was seen as appropriate to store nuclear waste. "They've found a site at Mount Reedy or near Mount Reedy in Canberra, which is in the ACT obviously. It was deemed as a suitable site, none of the four sites investigated in the Territory were deemed as suitable." Mr McGauran's office says the list is obsolete. ***************************************************************** 63 asahi.com: Horrific memories of war I will never forget POINT OF VIEW/Tatsuhiko Sakamoto: 08/13/2005 Special to The Asahi Shimbun I recently had the chance to read a collection of essays titled "Records of 60 Years after the War" that was compiled by a friend who works in publishing. The accounts were so vivid that I felt as if I were reading about yesterday's events. Flashbacks of my own experiences six decades ago raced through my mind. Recalling the night of the Great Tokyo Air Raid on March 10, 1945, an 82-year-old woman pauses, telling her daughter: "Akiko, your father died on March 17. The government's official report listed the day Japanese on Iwojima died honorable deaths." With nowhere to seek refuge, the woman stood on a ridge between rice paddies clutching her daughter on that night. Akiko was 2 years old. Was her husband alive that night? It's a question she has asked ever since. "On a white, frosty night/ I stood under the moon/ Asking passers-by to sew a stitch for a senninbari belt to shield bullets." This tanka poem composed in 1937 refers to the "1,000-stitch belt" that Japanese women created for their men. The belt was believed to bestow courage and immunity from injury. The deeply engraved mental image remains touching, even after all these years. The collection also includes an account of a woman who stood up to the enemy in China with a grenade as well as people's memories of violent attacks by Soviet soldiers. When Japan lost the war, I was a first-year student at Harbin Junior High School in former Manchuria. My father, who was an elementary school principal, lived in a settlement with the family apart from me. On Aug. 15, 1945, I was living in the school dormitory. Soon, we were forced out the dormitory and the school by Soviet troops. We moved into a vacant housing unit belonging to the Manchurian railroad company and dug potatoes for the Soviets. It was in late September when our family of five reached Harbin along with a woman and her child. The woman's husband had been killed by Chinese troops. Although we managed to move out of a camp and settle in a vacant government housing complex, we had to find a way to support ourselves. Someone suggested that we make and sell millet cakes to Japanese workers. So my father went to a Chinese market and bought a large pot. My mother and others made millet cakes filled with sweet bean paste and I stood on a street corner and sold them. At 5 yen a piece, they sold well. Finally, we were able to make ends meet. In early October, when the temperature dropped to 10 degrees below zero, the Nakamura brothers, who I had lived with in the school dormitory, visited the stall where I sold millet cakes. The elder brother was a third-year student and the younger was in the second year. They told me they knew their family was in Heihe near the Soviet border but had not heard from them. The brothers were living with their relatives but said they no longer wanted to trouble them. I invited them to join me and sell millet cakes. They moved in and we slept crowded together on the floor. One December day, as we manned the stall, we received news that the brothers' mother and younger brother and sister had reached the Hanazono internment camp. When the brothers went to meet them, their mother was wearing a tattered hemp sack with holes for the head and arms. Her shabby appearance spoke of the hardships she suffered over the several thousand kilometers she had traveled with her children. They had been unable to ride on a train. The boys were told their father had died fighting the Soviet army. The brothers then told me they wanted to look after their family and moved into the internment camp. With no income, the family had no choice but to rely on rations of thin gruel to sustain themselves. In January of the following year, the younger Nakamura came and told me that his big brother had died. In mid-February, the younger brother also died. When I rushed to see him, his emaciated body with a swollen stomach was laid on the floor. He was in thin summer clothing. He died from malnutrition. His mother, who stood by his side, was speechless. In March, I heard that the people who died in the camp were being buried together. I ran after a truck filled with bodies and stood behind a tree in the woods outside the city as I watched the bodies being scooped out of the truck and dropped into the ground. I couldn't identify which of them were the bodies of the brothers. Sixty years later, the image still haunts me. I will never forget the place where the brothers' short lives came to an end. Later, the sister, 2-year-old Mitchan, who was living with her mother, also died, her tiny body withered and wrinkled. I admit I was once a militaristic boy who thought it was cool to go to war and die in battle. But I also realized as a boy that "death by war" makes it impossible for people to go about their everyday lives. Sixty years after the end of the war, as I remember the expressions of the Nakamura brothers and Mitchan, I am renewing my determination never to tolerate such deaths again. The author is a freelance journalist.(IHT/Asahi: August 13,2005) [The Asahi Shimbun Asia Network] + The Asahi Shimbun Company ***************************************************************** 64 The State: SRS wants museum to be hot v 08/14/2 By LAUREN MARKOE Washington Bureau WASHINGTON  Looking for a fun family outing and tired of the beach and zoo? Try the Savannah River Site. Boosters of the nuclear storage and research facility near Aiken say its high time the Department of Energy facility welcomed tourists. Almost every other DOE site in the country has a museum and visitors center to help tell the story of that site, said Mal McKibben, a former SRS employee and executive director of Aiken-based Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness. The museum for the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, for example, gets 100,000 visitors a year. McKibben and friends last week kicked off a campaign for The Savannah River Site Heritage Center, which they hope will open within the next two to three years. The Department of Energy has already donated an SRS office building for the project. Funding goals, which McKibben said have not yet been set, will mostly be fulfilled by corporate and private donors. SRS was built in the 1950s at the request of the Atomic Energy Commission and in the decades after provided much of the nuclear fuel  mostly tritium and plutonium  for the nations nuclear weapons. Six thousand people living in six towns had to leave to make room for SRS, which at its peak employed about 20,000. Cant wait for the SRS Heritage Center to open? Go to www.srs.govand click on About SRS, then History Highlights, and then SRS at Fifty  an online history of SRS, published by the Department of Energy. RAMBLIN JOE U.S. Rep. Joe Wilson, R-S.C., on Monday kicks off a five-day, 37-stop tour of his district that will take him from a Lizards Thicket in Columbia to the Hilton Head Island Medical Center. The goal is to meet and chat with constituents from the 2nd Congressional District, which stretches from the Midlands to the Lowcountry and includes 10 counties. Wilson will hit all 10. Here are a few stops in the Columbia area: • Monday  7:30-8:30 a.m., Lizards Thicket, 818 Elmwood Ave., Columbia; 6-7 p.m., District Quarterly Meeting focusing on Medicare, Irmo Town Hall Courthouse. • Tuesday  7:30-8:30 a.m., Sunset Grille, 1214 Sunset Blvd., West Columbia To confirm event details, call (803) 939-0041. For a complete schedule of Wilsons tour, go to http://joewilson.house.gov. VERBATIM This is World War III... For us to leave prematurely would allow this infant democracy to be eaten alive by the wolves of terrorism.  U.S. Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., this week on why American troops cant soon pull out of Iraq Reach Markoe at (202) 383-6023 or lmarkoe@krwashington.com TheStateOnline ***************************************************************** 65 Chillicothe Gazette: Piketon plant infrastructure management team set www.chillicothegazette.com Sunday, August 14, 2005 The Gazette staff PIKETON - Theta Pro2Serve Management Company, LLC (TPMC) has announced its company officers for providing infrastructure services at the U.S. Department of Energy's Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant. TPMC assumed the infrastructure services work June 27 under contract to DOE. The work was previously performed by Bechtel Jacobs Company. Leading the management team is President Clarence Sheward. Sheward has spent 29 years at the site in a variety of management positions, including operations and production, Environment, Safety &Health (ES), waste management, security, infrastructure and engineering. As Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Transition program manager, he successfully led field activities transitioning plant operations from DOE to Nuclear Regulatory Commission oversight. He also implemented the plant's first effective work control system and developed and implemented its Highly Enriched Uranium management plan. Mark Scott will serve as the vice president of business management and chief financial officer for TPMC. Scott has held senior management positions in finance, information technology and environmental engineering organizations in both the government and commercial sectors over the last 29 years. Most recently, he was site manager for Pro2Serve at the Piketon plant. Overseeing TPMC's operations program will be Roger McDermott, vice president of technical operations. McDermott has 40 years of site experience, including management of infrastructure services, in which he directed all support operations, managed environment, safety and health functions and all maintenance activities. Some of the highlights of his career at the Piketon plant have been implementing a maintenance work control program with engineered standards and performance measures, establishing area safety committees for the site's labor union and negotiating a five-year labor contract designed to smooth plant operations. TPMC, with its corporate office in Waverly, was formed as a joint venture between Theta Technologies, Inc. and Professional Project Services, Inc. (Pro2Serve) to provide infrastructure services at the Piketon plant. Originally published August 14, 2005 Copyright ©2005 Chillicothe Gazette. 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