***************************************************************** 06/05/05 **** RADIATION BULLETIN(RADBULL) **** VOL 13.128 ***************************************************************** RADBULL IS PRODUCED BY THE ABALONE ALLIANCE CLEARINGHOUSE ***************************************************************** Send News Stories to news@energy-net.org with title on subject line and first line of body NUCLEAR POLICY 1 Sun Herald: Arms sites looted in Iraq 2 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Extends Freeze on Nuclear Enrichment 3 AFP: Iran sets new conditions on maintaining nuclear freeze - 4 Al Jazeera: Iran agrees to maintain nuclear freeze - 5 AL Jazeera: Osiraq-like strike on Iran - 6 AFP: Rumsfeld says North Korean nuclear proliferation a threat to wo 7 Korea: Digital Chosunilbo: 'N.K. Nuke Crisis Started With Aluminum I 8 Korea: Digital Chosunilbo: Korea, U.S. Agree to Compromise N.Korea ' 9 INSIDE JoongAng Daily: [EDITORIALS]A welcome agreement 10 Xinhua: S. Korea, Japan sound off on talks 11 Korea Times: NK Nuke Negotiator Gets Promotion 12 Korea Times: US Hopeful of N. Korea¡¯s Return to 6-Party Talks 13 Guardian Unlimited: N.Korea Again Faults U.S. Nuclear Policy 14 Guardian Unlimited: U.S. May Push U.N. to Punish North Korea 15 US: 3 Action/News Items: PFS, BRC, Nukes/climate 16 US: Sacramento Bee: Opinion - Editorial: Nuclear punt - 17 US: STLtoday: Lawmakers get away, courtesy of special interests 18 US: Las Vegas SUN: Letter: Atomic museum omits some facts 19 US: WorldNetDaily: Bolton's legacy 20 Guardian Unlimited: McNamara attacks UK nuclear policy NUCLEAR REACTORS 21 Why Iran Needs Nuclear Power: Hidden Facts 22 Why Iran Needs Nuclear Power: Hidden Facts, part II 23 The Hindu: India readies itself for quantum jump in nuclear power 24 Times of India: Nuclear energy is unsafe, uneconomical- 25 The Hindu: 4th reactor of Tarapore synchronised 26 RIA Novosti: Putin establishes September 28 as the Nuclear Power Ind 27 US: adn.com: Galena nuclear plan gets a boost 28 PTI: Nuclear energy important component of India's energy basket - P 29 AU ABC: Nuclear power a threat to Qld economy - Beattie. 30 english.eastday.com: Nuclear safety lab set up NUCLEAR SECURITY 31 Bellona: Financial difficulties hinder repairs and upgrade of Russia 32 US: L.A. Daily News: Radiation detectors to protect ports NUCLEAR SAFETY 33 [du-list] Fw: BBC File On 4 radio interview set on DU, will be 34 US: Deseret News: Southern Utah cancer clinic aiding downwinders 35 US: Quincy Herald-Whig: Cancer Hot Spots 36 US: adn.com: Comp checks cut for Amchitka workers 37 US: Guardian Unlimited: Radiation Detectors to Scan Calif. Ports NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE 38 US: L.A. Daily News: Perchlorate in well water 39 US: Bradenton Herald: Tallevast requests health analysis 40 US: New Mexican: N.M. leaders strike deal on uranium waste plant 41 US: STLtoday: Radioactive waste will roll through area 42 US: AFP: Australia in talks to sell uranium to China for first time 43 Sunday Herald: Files reveal nuclear waste dumping shambles - 44 Telegraph: Disturbing deficiency at Seabrook plant 45 US: Rutland Herald: Bill lets Yankee apply for fuel storage 46 US: SLT: Nuclear waste storage: It's time for peace talks with the 47 Independent: Waste woes that bias our energy debates 48 US: Guardian Unlimited: Panel Sets Aside Proposal on Nuclear Waste PEACE US DEPT. OF ENERGY 49 Albuquerque Tribune: Los Alamos fears brain drain 50 Tri-City Herald: New energy secretary promising but untested 51 Tri-Valley Herald: Retrial rejected in whistle-blower case 52 Guardian Unlimited: Drilling Near Nuclear Blast Site on Hold ***************************************************************** ***************************************************************** FULL NEWS STORIES ***************************************************************** ***************************************************************** 1 Sun Herald: Arms sites looted in Iraq Posted on Sat, Jun. 04, 2005 White House says facilities secure By JENNIFER LOVEN THE ASSOCIATED PRESS WASHINGTON - The White House on Friday played down a report in which U.N. weapons inspectors documented additional materials missing from weapons sites in Iraq. White House spokesman Scott McClellan said the Bush administration had taken steps to ensure sites were secured, and he suggested it was doubtful the looted material was being used to boost other countries' weapons programs. In a report to the U.N. Security Council, acting chief weapons inspector Demetrius Perricos said that satellite imagery experts had determined that material that could be used to make biological or chemical weapons and banned long-range missiles had been removed from 109 sites, up from 90 reported in March. The sites have been emptied of equipment to varying degrees, with the largest percentage of missing items at 58 missile facilities. For example, 289 of the 340 pieces of equipment to produce missiles - or about 85 percent, had been removed, the report said. Biological sites were the least damaged, according to the analysts at the U.N. Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission. Perricos said he's reached no conclusions about who removed the items or where they went. He said it could have been moved elsewhere in Iraq, sold as scrap, melted down or purchased. He said the missing material can be used for legitimate purposes. "However, they can also be utilized for prohibited purposes if in a good state of repair." McClellan said that the United States has helped to remove low enriched uranium and radioactive sources, offered jobs to weapons experts from Saddam Hussein's programs to keep them from taking their expertise elsewhere, and helped Iraq establish an independent radioactive source regulatory authority. "We have been working closely with the government in Iraq to ensure that Iraq's former weapons of mass destruction personnel and proliferation materials do not contribute to proliferation programs in other countries," McClellan said. U.N. inspectors have been blocked from returning to Iraq since the U.S.-led war in 2003. They have been using satellite photos to see what happened to the sites that were subject to U.N. monitoring because their equipment had both civilian and military uses. Since the war, U.S. teams took over the weapons search. Former chief arms hunter Charles Duelfer and his Iraq Survey Group found no weapons of mass destruction in the country, discrediting President Bush's stated rationale for invading Iraq. McClellan referred to findings by Duelfer, saying that "any looting was the work of uncoordinated elements rather than directed at an effort to try to export equipment to a country that might obtain or have a weapons of mass destruction program." He also noted that Duelfer had concluded that, since the looted materials are easily obtained elsewhere, "other governments are not likely to look to Iraq to buy used versions of it." ***************************************************************** 2 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Extends Freeze on Nuclear Enrichment From the Associated Press [UP] Sunday June 5, 2005 9:31 PM By NASSER KARIMI Associated Press Writer TEHRAN, Iran (AP) - Iran injected some breathing space into the international crisis over its nuclear program on Sunday, saying it will extend its suspension of uranium enrichment until the end of July to give European negotiators time to prepare a proposal it can accept. The announcement, which followed Tehran's agreement last month to review a European Union proposal for a new round of negotiations in the summer, provides a temporary respite in the dispute. But Iran warned against wasting the opportunity to strike a deal. ``The Europeans have time up to the end of July to prepare details of their proposal,'' said Ali Aghamohammadi, a spokesman for Iran's Supreme National Security Council. ``To make Iran's nuclear facilities active in a proper way, both sides should work toward providing guarantees,'' Aghamohammadi was quoted as saying by the official Islamic Republic News Agency. Europe sees suspension of uranium enrichment by Tehran as a precondition for further talks. No date has been set for the summer negotiations. Iran suspended enrichment last November under international pressure led by the United States. Iran maintains its program is peaceful, but the EU and the United States fear the program is being used to develop nuclear weapons in violation of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. Six months of talks with Europe have made no progress on the key point of contention - Iran's insistence on the right to enrich uranium and European opposition to such plans. Enriched uranium can be used to produce warheads, but it also can be used in the production of electricity, which Iranian officials insist is the sole purpose of their nuclear program. Iran has said repeatedly that its November decision to suspend all uranium enrichment-related activities was voluntary and temporary. The Europeans have been offering economic incentives in the hope that Iran will make it permanent. Aghamohammadi called on the Europeans to firm up the agreement reached between Iran and the Europeans last November in Paris, which committed Tehran to suspension of enrichment and all related activities while the two sides discuss a pact meant to provide Iran with EU technical and economic aid and other concessions. Since then, the two sides have sparred over the exact terms of the agreement. France, Britain and Germany, acting on behalf of the 25-nation EU, want Tehran to abandon its enrichment activities in exchange for economic aid, technical support and backing for Iran's efforts to join the World Trade Organization. ``The two sides should have offers in line with the main goal of the Paris agreement; that is objective guarantees from our side and solid agreements from the European side,'' Aghamohammadi said. Efforts to resolve the crisis also got a boost last month when the World Trade Organization agreed to open membership negotiations with Iran - a move widely seen as an immediate reward for Tehran's decision to stick with talks with Europe. Iran first applied to join the WTO in 1996, but the United States blocked its application 22 times. The United States said in March it would drop its veto, after consultations with France, Germany and Britain, the European negotiating countries. The United States has been skeptical of Europe's approach to Iran's atomic program, although of late President Bush has struck a gentler note. Last week he insisted that Europe-led talks with Iran ``are making some progress'' and defended his decision to allow Iran to apply for WTO membership as a key, but measured, step to advance those discussions. The EU has threatened to take Iran to the U.N. Security Council for possible sanctions if it resumes uranium reprocessing. Tehran says it won't give up its right to enrichment but is prepared to offer guarantees that it is not seeking to build nuclear weapons. Aghamohammadi said Hasan Rowhani, Iran's top nuclear negotiator, would begin a weeklong tour to Yemen, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates on Monday to discuss the progress of the nuclear talks and seek support for its program. Iran hopes the four nations - in particular Yemen, a member of the board of governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency - will support its nuclear program. A breakdown of the EU-Iran talks would have fed U.S. hopes of having the June 13 board meeting of the IAEA refer Tehran to the U.N. Security Council for nuclear activities that Washington insists show an attempt to build weapons. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 3 AFP: Iran sets new conditions on maintaining nuclear freeze - Sunday June 5, 08:21 PM TEHRAN (AFP) - A senior Iranian official said that Tehran has only conditionally agreed to EU demands it maintain a suspension of sensitive nuclear activities until the end of July, the official news agency IRNA reported. "Iran has conditionally agreed to the EU offer, and Europe has until the end of July to provide a complete proposal with details," Supreme National Security Council official Ali Agha Mohammadi was quoted as saying. He said the conditions were that three joint working groups and a steering committee meet before the end of July and "that there is an exchange between the European foreign ministers and the secretary of the Supreme National Security Council (Hassan Rowhani)". Tehran has continued to complain the Europeans have been seeking to drag out the talks, and therefore Iran's nuclear suspension. But the demand for talks to be brought forward may prove a headache for Eurocrats planning their summer holidays. Mohammadi said the demands were aimed at ensuring that any European proposal is in line with the "agreed aims" of a nuclear suspension agreement signed in Paris between Iran and Britain, France and Germany last November. "The two sides must have offers in line with the main aims of the Paris agreement, which is objective guarantees on our part and firm guarantees from the European side," Mohammadi said. Iran has pledged to suspend its activities linked to uranium enrichment, which makes what can be fuel for civilian power reactors or the raw material of atom bombs, for the duration of the negotiations. But it insists it has the right to carry out enrichment within the framework of a peaceful nuclear programme. Disagreement over enrichment, which the European trio wants Iran to definitively abandon in return for trade, technology and security incentives almost scuttled the EU-Iran talks that began in December. Rowhani meanwhile reaffirmed Tehran's insistance that Europe would have to acknowledge Iran's right to the entire nuclear fuel cycle in their new offer, as he arrived on a visit to Kuwait. Rowhani meanwhile reaffirmed Tehran's insistance that Europe would have to acknowledge Iran's right to the entire nuclear fuel cycle in their new offer, as he arrived on a visit to Kuwait. "In Geneva, we told the three European foreign ministers that their proposals would be accepted if they stipulated that Iran can produce nuclear fuel inside Iran," he said. A US diplomat contacted by AFP in Vienna said the United States "has no formal view on when or how often they meet as long as the EU3 holds firm on enforcing the Paris agreement and as long as Iran negotiates in good faith on that basis." The US in particular accuses Iran of seeking nuclear weapons under the guise of an energy programme. Iran insists its bid to master the full nuclear fuel cycle, including uranium enrichment, is merely aimed at generating electricity and is a right for any country that has signed the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. It has already proposed starting a phased resumption of fuel cycle work but that has already been rejected by the Europeans. Copyright © 2005 AFP AFP. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 4 Al Jazeera: Iran agrees to maintain nuclear freeze - Aljazeera.com 6/5/2005 9:00:00 PM GMT Iran insists it is it's right to run a peaceful nuclear program Iran has conditionally agreed on Sunday to maintain the suspension of nuclear activities until the end of July, senior Iranian official told IRNA news agency. After reviewing and discussing the Europeans' proposal, Iran has announced its agreement. Europeans have time up to the end of July to prepare details of their proposal," Supreme National Security Council official Ali Mohammadi Agha said. “Iran has conditionally agreed to the EU offer, and Europe has until the end of July to provide a complete proposal with details,” Mr. Mohammadi was said. "To make Iran's nuclear facilities active in a proper way, both sides should work toward providing guarantees," he was quoted as saying. The conditions Iran has set were that three joint working groups and a steering committee meet before the end of July and “that there is an exchange between the European foreign ministers and the secretary of Supreme National Security Council (Hassan Rowhani)” the official said, adding that those conditions are mainly aimed at ensuring that any future European proposal is in line with the “agreed aims” of a nuclear suspension agreement signed in Paris last November between Iran and the EU big-three, Britain, France and Germany. “The two sides must have offers in line with the main aims of the Paris agreement, which is objective guarantees on our part and firm guarantees from the European side,” Mr. Mohammadi said. Iran agreed last November to temporarily freeze all activities related to uranium enrichment, but insists it has the right to soon resume enrichment within the framework of a peaceful nuclear programme. The EU-Iran talks that began in December were scuttled due to disagreement over enrichment, as the Europeans want Iran to permanently abandon in return for trade, technology and security incentives. But at a ministerial-level meeting in Geneva last month, Iran and the EU negotiators agreed to resume talks in August, after Iran’s presidential election June 17, giving the Europeans time to come up with concrete proposals on cooperation with Iran. Teheran has complained that the Europeans have been seeking to drag out the talks. Backed by Washington, the EU has threatened refer Iran’s nuclear dossier to the UN Security Council for possible sanctions if Tehran refused to resume suspension of uranium enrichment. Insisting on its right to run a peaceful nuclear program, Iran refuses to give up uranium enrichment, saying it is ready to offer guarantees that is not seeking nuclear weapons. Copyright 2005 Al Jazeera Publishing Limited ***************************************************************** 5 AL Jazeera: Osiraq-like strike on Iran - Aljazeera.com 6/1/2005 10:10:00 PM GMT Satellite image of Iran's military facilities in Parchin Launching a military strike on Iran won’t stop it from resuming its nuclear activities, but could be a last resort to delay any attempt to produce an atomic bomb, the mastermind of Israel’s 1981 air strike on the Iraqi reactor at Osiraq has said. While Israel and Washington said they wouldn’t rule out using the military option against Iran if the European Union diplomatic initiative aimed at persuading the Islamic Republic suspend its nuclear programme failed, independent experts say that Tehran’s facilities are too fortified to be eliminated militarily. David Ivry, the mastermind of the Osiraq raid as then chief of the Israeli air force, argued against thinking in all-out terms. "You cannot eliminate an idea, a national will. But you can delay progress on a nuclear programme with the appropriate military action, " Ivry told reporters on Monday. "That is a valuable objective in itself. " Eight Israeli F-16 jets, with detachable fuel containers and relatively light bombs to extend their range, were used to destroy Osiraq In 1981. "When Israel struck Osiraq, the intention was never to get rid of Saddam Hussein’s nuclear plans. We wanted to buy time, and we succeeded in doing that, " Ivry said. Iran has more than once rejected the United States and Israel’s repeated claims that it was seeking an atomic weapons programme, saying it is solely used for peaceful purposes. Iran agreed last November to suspend all activities related to Uranium enrichment at the behest of the EU big- three; France, Britain and Germany. But the United States seeks referring Iran’s nuclear case to the UN Security Council for possible sanctions. On the other hand, Israel, believed to be the Middle East’s only nuclear power, has made it clear it would confront Iran militarily if it refused to abandon its nuclear ambitions. But it denied attacking its arch-foe unilaterally. Several Israeli officials have claimed that Iran will obtain the know-how to make atomic weapons within months. "A country decides when to act against the enemy based on its assessment of when the threat has become insufferable. You set a deadline beyond which you believe you will lose the option of acting, " Ivry said, adding that "with Osiraq, it was the fact that the Iraqis were about to bring uranium into the reactor. " Kaveh Afrasiabi, a political analyst at Tehran University stated in a recently published report that "Israel’s best option would be a simultaneous multi-pronged strike using different routes, for example through Jordan and Iraq as well as the Mediterranean route through Turkey and or Azerbaijan". "Yet at present neither option is available to Israel ... given Iran’s cordial relations with its neighbors and the fears and concerns of those neighbours of a severe Iranian backlash in case they permit their air space for an Israeli attack on Iran." "I do not know of any country that would ask permission of another (to use its air space). Doing so would compromise the secrecy of the mission, and approval would not be forthcoming anyway. When dealing with a mission seen as crucial for national security, such issues are irrelevant, " Ivry said, disputing the assumption that all of Iran’s facilities would have to be tackled in a strike. "It is enough to hit the key component of the production cycle to put the whole operation out of action, " he said. "Given the sensitivity of the technologies in question, a strike that simply shakes the structure housing them is usually sufficient to cause irreparable damage. Total destruction of the target is not necessary or even desirable. " Ivry, moreover, suggested that Israel still have tricks in store if it decided to strike Iran. "If and when Iran is attacked, I think I can assure you it will come as a surprise to everyone. " Copyright 2005 Al Jazeera Publishing Limited ***************************************************************** 6 AFP: Rumsfeld says North Korean nuclear proliferation a threat to world Saturday June 4, 3:54 PM Photo: AFP SINGAPORE (AFP) - US Defense Secretary Donald Rusmfeld conceded he had no idea how North Korea might be persuaded to resume negotiations on its nuclear weapons program as allies debated the next steps if Pyongyang continues to shun six-party talks. "I have no way of knowing what might conceivably finally persuade the people in the North to behave in a way that is more consistent with the behavior of other countries in the world," Rumsfeld told an international conference on Asia security Saturday. "My hope is that the countries in the six-party talks will continue to be persuasive, try to be more persuasive with them and that they will see it is in their interest to enter those discussions," he said. Rumsfeld made the comment in response to questions following a speech in which he warned that Pyongyang's nuclear ambitions threaten the security not just of the region, but of the world. Given North Korea's record in selling ballistic missile technologies, as well as trafficking in illegal drugs and counterfeit currency, he said "one has to assume that they will sell anything and they would be willing to sell nuclear technologies." North Korea has boycotted the talks with the United States, South Korea, Japan, China, and Russia for the past year to protest what it regards as a hostile US policy. "You ask what are the alternatives (to the six-party talks.) Well it seems to me that is a question for the world to ask," Rumsfeld said. "It requires the United Nations to ask itself if it wants to have a role in trying to avoid allowing the kind of proliferation that is threatened. No one country can do that. It requires the cooperation of many countries," he said. South Korean Defense Minister Yoon Kwang Ung told the conference he was confident his government would be able to persuade Pyongyang to rejoin the talks, noting that the North was dependent on South Korean economic support. He said a South Korean delegation was traveling to Pyongyang on June 15 and would be hosting a North Korean ministerial level delegation in Seoul between June 21-24. In between those meetings, South Korean President Roh Moo-Hyun will meet in Washington with President George W. Bush. "We are confident we will be successful with this kind of peaceful means, that we can persuade North Korea to come back to six-party talks," he said. He indicated that South Korea wanted to avoid taking the issue to the UN Security Council. "I'd like to emphasize we are the on-the-spot nation directly related to the North Korea nuclear issue," he said. "If it goes the wrong way, we will lose all economic infrastructure as well as the value of the lives of more than 40 million people in Korea." Japanese Minister of State for Defense Yoshinori Ohno, however, warned that there was growing sentiment in favor of international sanctions against North Korea if it persists in boycotting the six-party talks. "North Korea should recognize that if it refuses to participate in the six- party talks, chances might be large that this problem will be raised up in the framework of the United Nations Security Council," he said. "And then what would happen, I'm not sure." If North Korea returns to the talks, and the nuclear issue is resolved, the international community will help it out of its serious economic problems, he said. In February North Korea announced that it had nuclear weapons, and claims it has unloaded 8,000 spent fuel rods from its reactor that could be reprocessed into weapons-grade plutonium. Copyright © 2005 AFP. All rights reserved. All information ***************************************************************** 7 Korea: Digital Chosunilbo: 'N.K. Nuke Crisis Started With Aluminum Imports¡¯ > Updated Jun.5,2005 21:00 KST after the U.S. learned that Pyongyang imported 150 tons of aluminum tubing from Russia, enough to make 2,600 centrifuges for use in uranium enrichment, Japan¡¯s Asahi Shimbun reported. The paper¡¯s front page story on Sunday quoted several delegates to six-party talks on North Korea¡¯s nuclear program, including a former high-ranking U.S. official, as saying U.S. intelligence authorities learned of the sale in June 2002. The aluminum purchased from a Russian businessman is the same that is used in aluminum tubing used in centrifuges developed by British-German-Dutch uranium enrichment company Urenco. The daily said Washington accused Pyongyang in talks between high-ranking U.S. and North Korean officials in October 2002, four months after it first learned of the sale, of planning a uranium enrichment program, which it later said the reclusive country admitted. This ultimately led to the collapse of the Geneva Accords, it said. (Jung Kwon-hyun, khjung@chosun.com ) ***************************************************************** 8 Korea: Digital Chosunilbo: Korea, U.S. Agree to Compromise N.Korea 'Concept Plan' Home> National/Politics Updated Jun.5,2005 21:34 KST Korean Defense Minister Yoon Kwang-ung holds a press conference with U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld after a bilateral meeting on the sidelines of the Asia Security Conference in Singapore on Saturday./Yonhap Seoul, Washington to Talk Fresh N.K. Contingency Plans U.S. Stealth Bombers Already Arriving U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Visits Korea During a meeting on the sidelines of the Asia Security Conference in Singapore on Saturday, Korean Defense Minister Yoon Kwang-ung and U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld agreed to improve and develop ¡°Concept of Operations Plan (CONPLAN) 5029,¡± which includes plans for a joint response to sudden changes in North Korea, but not to put the plan into ¡°operation plan (OPLAN)¡± format. The apparent compromise solution seems to have settled differences between the allies over Seoul¡¯s decision the scrap OPLAN 5029 at the 11th hour. A concept plan, unlike an operational plan, includes no specific provisions for things like deployment of military units. The ill-fated OPLAN 5029 also started its brief life as a concept plan covering five possible sudden changes in North Korea, including civil war. Work on more concrete responses in OPLAN 5029 started later, but early this year Korea¡¯s National Security Council pulled the plug over concerns that it could violate South Korea¡¯s sovereignty. A Defense Ministry official on Sunday portrayed the Singapore agreement as a sign that the U.S. is accepting Korea¡¯s position. Rumsfeld said in a press conference his meeting with Yoon had been an opportunity to firm up the Korea-U.S. alliance. The defense ministries of the two nations plan to hand down ¡°strategic guidelines¡± for the improvement of the new concept plan to the Korean Joint Chiefs of Staff and the U.S. Forces in Korea. Meanwhile, a high-ranking U.S. Defense Department official on Sunday hinted Washington could soon decide to refer the North Korean nuclear dispute to the UN Security Council. He said his government was ¡°deeply considering¡± the matter and a decision would be reached within the next couple of weeks. Rumsfeld earlier drew attention with strong criticism of China as well as North Korea when he told the meeting of the Asia Security Conference, sponsored by Great Britain¡¯s International Institute for Strategic Studies, that Pyongyang¡¯s nuclear ambitions were a threat to world security. (Jang Il-hyeon, ihjang@chosun.com ) ***************************************************************** 9 INSIDE JoongAng Daily: [EDITORIALS]A welcome agreement June 6, 2005 KST 12:29 (GMT+9) South Korea and the United States have agreed that the Con Plan 5029, which is the U.S.-ROK Combined Forces Command plan to prepare for the collapse of North Korea, will be supplemented and developed to a point before conversion into an operational plan in complete format. The agreement, which was concluded in a brief meeting between South Korean Defense Minister Yoon Kwang-ung and U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld during an Asian Defense Ministers meeting Saturday, is a welcome sign that this issue, which had been the subject of much controversy, can be solved if the two parties set their differences aside. The agreement was all the more welcome as it would help to stabilize the Korea-U.S. alliance, damaged by the rift between South Korea and the United States and uncertainties about its future. This plan in concept format would take effect in case of civil insurgencies in North Korea, the collapse of the North Korean regime, a massive refugee situation or other contingencies. As such, the plan is bound to raise questions about the line between the sovereignty of South Korea and the authority of the U.S.-ROK Combined Forces Command that will only be mitigated by Seoul and Washington arriving at an understanding beforehand through scrupulous research. It is natural and fortunate that the top defense policymakers of the two countries have decided to establish a team to develop this plan further. However, as the plan must include a far more general range of contingencies than those in the U.S.-ROK Combined Forces Command plan, it is possible that the differences of opinion between the two sides on future military operations will be exposed. However, there is no need to harbor unnecessary misunderstandings about the Korea-U.S. alliance, which has been an important foundation of the stabilization of the Northeast Asian region for more than 50 years. If the two sides continue to work together under the major principle that the Korea-U.S. alliance should be fortified and that peace and security must be established on the Korean Peninsula, it will only be a matter of time before the differences are settled and a new agreement is reached. Hopefully, this spirit and principle of cooperation will continue in the Korea-U.S. summit meeting to be held in Washington on Saturday and the two allies will reach a firm consensus on resolving North Korea's nuclear program and alleviating the fear of our people. 2005.06.05 Copyright by Joins.com, Inc. Terms of Use | ***************************************************************** 10 Xinhua: S. Korea, Japan sound off on talks www.xinhuanet.com www.chinaview.cn 2005-06-05 16:41:00 Beijing, June 5 -- South Korea is still hoping the DPRK will return to six party talks on the Korean Peninsula's nuclear issue. The message came from South Korean Minister of Defense Yoon Kwang Ung, who also said a resolution could only be achieved through peaceful means. Yoon said South Korea will not tolerate a nuclear weapons development programme by DPRK under any circumstances. He went on to say the DPRK's return to the talks could help maintain peace and stability in the region. Meanwhile, Japan's Minister of State for Defense Yoshinori Ohno called for more transparency in the DPRK's nuclear activities. In February, the DPRK announced it possessed nuclear weapons, and was boycotting the six-party talks. (Source: CCTV.com) Copyright ©2003 Xinhua News Agency. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 11 Korea Times: NK Nuke Negotiator Gets Promotion Hankooki.com > The Korea Times > Nation Ri Gun, deputy chief delegate from Pyongyang to the six-party nuclear talks, has recently gained a one-rank promotion in North Korea¡¯s Foreign Ministry, diplomatic sources here in Seoul said Sunday. He was promoted from deputy director general of the ministry¡¯s North American Affairs Department to the director general rank several months ago, probably around the end of last year, the government sources said. Due to the protracted deadlock in the six-party talks, involving the two Koreas, the United States, China, Japan and Russia, South Korean officials in charge of the nuclear talks have not yet had an opportunity to deliver a congratulatory message to him, they said. They added Ri earned his promotion 10 years after rising to the deputy director general rank. At present, Vice Foreign Minister Kim Kye-gwan is the chief nuclear negotiator of the communist country. S. Korean Man Dies at Mt. Kumgang A South Korean man on a sightseeing trip to North Korea¡¯s Mt. Kumgang was found dead in his hotel room Sunday, his family said. The 37-year-old man identified only as Chung, a researcher at a think tank for South Korea¡¯s ruling Uri Party, was found unconscious by his wife in their hotel room in the mountain resort early Sunday morning. He was later pronounced dead at a local hospital. ``I was awakened by some noise at around 3 a.m. and found my husband unconscious after falling from the bed,¡¯¡¯ Chung¡¯s wife said. Chung and Song left Saturday for a three-day private trip to the scenic mountain near the inter-Korean border on the east coast. Police said that the man seems to have died of heart failure, saying a medical investigation is under way. Seoul Issues Travel Advisory in Philippines SEOUL (Yonhap) -- South Korea's spy agency Sunday asked its nationals traveling to the Philippines to exercise caution as a growing number of terrorist acts and accidents are taking place in the island nation. ``In Manila and Islamic-controlled places in the southern Philippines, terrorist acts are frequently occurring, so when traveling to the Philippines, South Koreans should refrain from visiting crowded places, like night clubs frequented by foreign travelers,¡¯¡¯ the National Intelligence Service (NIS) said in a statement. The NIS said South Koreans who travel to the southern part of the Philippines, like Mindanao, should notify the South Korean embassy of how they can be contacted during their journey. This year, a total of 11 South Korean travelers and residents were killed in shootings or other incidents in the Southeast Asian country, the spy agency explained. 06-05-2005 18:31 ***************************************************************** 12 Korea Times: US Hopeful of N. Korea¡¯s Return to 6-Party Talks Hankooki.com > The Korea Times By Ryu Jin Staff Reporter Officials from North Korea and the United States spoke by telephone recently, in a possible prelude to further talks between the two antagonists, a Japanese newspaper reported on Saturday. Officials in Washington would not confirm the telephone conversation but said the U.S. was ``hopeful¡¯¡¯ that the reclusive North would return to the six-party talks aimed at ending the nuclear impasse, the daily Mainichi Shimbun said. Quoting diplomatic sources, the report predicted U.S. State Department officials were likely to soon visit North Korean diplomats at the United Nations in New York to hear from them Pyongyang¡¯s stance on whether to rejoin the multilateral negotiations. A senior official in Seoul, deeply involved in the issue, kept a more cautious attitude when asked by The Korea Times about the news report. ``We might expect an answer soon from the North, though it is not clear what the answer would be.¡¯¡¯ North Korea has held negotiations with the U.S. three times with South Korea, China, Japan and Russia also taking a seat in the six-party talks, launched in August 2003 to address the nuclear standoff that emerged in October 2002. But the talks have stalled since June last year as the North has boycotted further negotiations while demanding the U.S. drop its ``hostile¡¯¡¯ policies and engage in bilateral talks before a new round of the multilateral talks. U.S. and North Korean officials met for informal talks in mid-May at the U.N. headquarters, reactivating the so-called New York channel that has been shut down for several months since late last year. U.S. delivered its position to the North and is now waiting for an answer. The telephone talks, which the Japanese paper said took place some time before last Friday, coincided with rare praise by Pyongyang last week for U.S. President George W. Bush, who has earlier addressed the North¡¯s leader as ``Mr. Kim Jong-il.¡¯¡¯ Bush often called him a ``tyrant.¡¯¡¯ ``We have yet to hear from the North Koreans that they will return to the talks,¡¯¡¯ a senior U.S. official said. ``We remain hopeful that they will return to the six-party talks.¡¯¡¯ Amid mixed prospects for the nuclear talks, however, a senior U.S. official traveling to Singapore was quoted by news outlets as saying that the Bush administration would make a final decision in a matter of weeks on whether to bring the North¡¯s case to the U.N. Security Council. North Korea, for its part, yesterday reiterated that the U.S. must drop its ``hostile¡¯¡¯ policy in order to resolve the standoff peacefully. ``As long as the U.S. adheres to its anachronistic hostile policy, a stumbling block in resolution of the nuclear problem cannot be removed,¡¯¡¯ the state-run Minju Joson newspaper said in a commentary. In the meantime, Nihon Keizai Shimbun, a Japanese economic daily, reported that China has sent a strong message to North Korea warning it not to conduct a nuclear test, saying such a step would be a ``red line in diplomacy. The paper speculated that China¡¯s warning seems indicative of unilateral sanctions if the North conducts a nuclear test. Beijing stressed in the hard-line message that the other parties in the six-way talks shared this stance, it said quoting diplomatic sources. jinryu@koreatimes.co.kr 06-05-2005 19:23 ***************************************************************** 13 Guardian Unlimited: N.Korea Again Faults U.S. Nuclear Policy From the Associated Press [UP] Sunday June 5, 2005 4:16 AM By BO-MI LIM Associated Press Writer SEOUL, South Korea (AP) - North Korea on Sunday repeated its demand that the United States drop what the communist nation calls a hostile policy toward resolving the nuclear standoff, two days after it struck what appeared to be a conciliatory tone with the Bush administration. The remarks Sunday with the precondition for the North's return to talks came after Pyongyang's rare praise for President Bush on Friday, welcoming his use of the title ``Mr.'' when referring to leader Kim Jong Il. ``The U.S. intention is to corner our republic as a terrorist nation and internationally isolate us,'' the North's Cabinet newspaper Minju Joson said in a commentary carried Sunday by the North's official Korean Central News Agency. A Japanese newspaper reported Saturday that U.S. and North Korean officials recently spoke by telephone and likely discussed resuming six-nation talks aimed at ending North Korea's nuclear weapons ambitions. A senior Bush administration official on Saturday would not confirm the report, but said the United States from time to time contacts the North's U.N. representative in New York to communicate, not to negotiate. The official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said the Bush administration has not heard from the North Koreans that they will return to the talks. North Korea, which has a history of using brinksmanship to wring aid from the West, has stayed away from the nuclear talks since June last year. Efforts to resume the talks - among the two Koreas, United States, China, Japan and Russia - gained urgency in February when the North claimed it already had nuclear weapons. It has since announced it has removed fuel rods from a nuclear reactor, a step toward extracting weapons-grade plutonium. --- Associated Press writer Deb Riechmann contributed to this report from Crawford, Texas. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 14 Guardian Unlimited: U.S. May Push U.N. to Punish North Korea From the Associated Press [UP] Sunday June 5, 2005 3:31 PM AP Photo XAF101 By MATT KELLEY Associated Press Writer BANGKOK, Thailand (AP) - The Bush administration may ask the United Nations to punish North Korea for refusing to return to international talks about its nuclear weapons program, Pentagon officials say. Such a move would signal the failure of the six-nation talks aimed at persuading the communist country to abandon its nuclear ambitions. Since the discussions broke off last June, North Korea has claimed that it possesses nuclear weapons and has rebuffed calls to resume bargaining. The other countries involved in the talks are China, Japan, Russia and South Korea. At an Asian security conference in Singapore over the weekend, U.S. and Japanese officials floated the possibility of sending the matter to the U.N. Security Council for consideration of economic penalties and other punishments. North Korea has said it would interpret U.N. penalties as an act of war. But it is not clear whether North Korea actually would consider military action or whether the statement was just more of the country's harsh rhetoric. The U.S. plans to decide by month's end what to do next about North Korea, according to a senior defense official traveling with Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld. The official, speaking on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the issue, said the administration was seriously considering idea of referring the matter to the Security Council. Rumsfeld told reporters on his trip that U.S. policy on North Korea is under review. He would not offer further details. Japan's defense chief, Yoshinori Ono, said at the security conference on Saturday that taking the issue to the United Nations was possible if the U.S., China, Japan, Russia and South Korea agreed that was the best option. Rumsfeld also raised the possibility, saying the world is threatened by North Korea's nuclear weapons. ``It would require, certainly, the United Nations to ask itself, does it want to have a role in trying to avoid allowing the kind of proliferation that is threatened?'' Rumsfeld said during a question-and-answer session at the security conference. South Korea has resisted the U.N. option, asking instead for more time to persuade North Korea to resume negotiations. South Korea's defense minister, Yoon Kwang-ung, repeatedly reminded officials at the conference that his country has the most to lose from a North Korean attack. He said he hoped for progress when a South Korean delegation visits the North for talks this month. The senior U.S. defense official said the U.S. does not see much hope for progress because North Korea has rejected the proposal from the last round of talks and has not agreed to further discussions. The official said the administration is worried that North Korea's nuclear claim this year and its rhetoric since about its need for a nuclear deterrent are a ``downward spiral of threats by North Korea.'' The administration is prepared to offer assurances to North Korea that it will not be attacked. U.S. partners have dangled economic inducements to North Korea. U.S. officials said last month that spy satellites showed North Korea could be preparing to test a nuclear weapon. North Korean state media dismissed those reports as a U.S. fabrication. Rumsfeld, who was in Thailand on Sunday, planned to meet with the country's defense minister, Gen. Thammarak Issarangkura na Ayudhaya. Thailand, a longtime U.S. military ally, is battling Muslim militants in its south who have attacked military facilities and set off bombs in civilian areas. On Tuesday, Rumsfeld meets in Norway with the country's defense minister, Kristin Krohn Devold. The trip concludes with a stop in Belgium for a meeting of NATO defense ministers. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 15 3 Action/News Items: PFS, BRC, Nukes/climate Date: Sun, 05 Jun 2005 18:12:12 -0700 June 3, 2005 Its been a busy week&. Below are three items: 1) A letter-to-the-editor campaign to bring needed public attention to the Private Fuel Storage high-level waste dump on Native American land in Utah. The NRC Commissioners are expected to approve this project very soon. Your actions now to help make this visible will help! 2) A press release on an unexpected victory as the NRC Commissioners voted unanimously not to proceed with their deregulation rulemaking at this time; 3) a reminder to sign on to the Environmental Statement on Nuclear Energy and Global Warming. Michael Mariotte Executive Director Nuclear Information and Resource Service ___________________________________________________ Stop Radioactive Racism! Last chance to sign anti-PFS letter; Letter to Editor campaign to local papers *If your group has not yet signed onto the letter opposing PFS, go to www.nirs.org/radwaste/scullvalley/svgoshutesgrltr3142005.htm to review the letter and groups already signed on, then email ASAP your personal name, title if any, group name, city and state to kevin@nirs.org to be added to the letter.* *Write a Letter to the Editor to your local paper. Use the fact sheets below to compose your own letter for your local paper. Culminating an eight year long process, the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board (ASLB), the adjudicatory arm of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), approved a preliminary license for Private Fuel Storage (PFS) on May 24, rejecting Utah's motion for reconsideration and paving the way for the NRC Commissioners to consider the matter. The Commissioners are expected to approve the project quickly, perhaps within days or weeks. PFS hopes to open its doors to high-level radioactive waste from any commercial reactor in the U.S. by 2007, meaning Mobile Chernobyls could begin rolling through most states and hundreds of major population centers in less than two years. Go to http://www.ewg.org/reports/nuclearwaste/find_address.php and type in your address to see how close you are to Yucca Mountain, Nevada-bound high-level radioactive waste truck and train routes (rail routes to PFS would be similar, even identical, throughout much of the country). PFS is the proposal made by eight commercial nuclear utilities to build and operate a "temporary" commercial high-level radioactive waste dump on the Skull Valley Goshute Indian Reservation in Utah. On April 4, Public Citizen and Nuclear Information and Resource Service hosted a briefing at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. regarding Private Fuel Storage - laying out the reasons why the project is unnecessary, irresponsible, and unethical. The State of Utah made oral arguments to the ASLB the very next day, April 5th, urging the Board to reconsider its Feb. 24th preliminary license approval. PFS will not reduce the risks posed by high-level radioactive waste even temporarily. Waste will always remain on-site at operating reactors, and by transporting it and storing it aboveground in yet another part of the country, PFS will just make the existing problem worse. The "temporary" nature of PFS is also questionable, as this aspect of the project is completely dependent on the opening of Yucca Mountain, which has been beset with problems, and may very well never open. Public Citizen and NIRS recently published a number of fact sheets and timelines on the problems with PFS. Please go to http://www.citizen.org/cmep/energy_enviro_nuclear/nuclear_waste/hi-level/fuel/ for a backgrounder on PFS, explanation of why it is neither necessary or responsible, and presentation of the reasons as to why this dump is all of a sudden on the fast track towards approval (namely, the nuclear power industry's need for the "illusion of a solution" to the nuclear waste problem in order to justify the building of new reactors). There are also two timelines related to the unethical nature of the project, the first showing how scores of Native American tribes have been targeted for high-level radioactive waste dumps since 1987, and the second how the Skull Valley Goshutes in particular have come so close now to actually being the first tribe to be dumped on. This PFS/Skull Valley Goshutes timeline also raises significant questions about the legitimacy of the lease agreement between the tribe and the nuclear utility consortium comprising PFS, the supposed legal basis for the entire proposal. Further background and history can be found at the NIRS website section http://www.nirs.org/radwaste/scullvalley/skullvalley.htm , and a summary fact sheet entitled "Environmental Racism, Tribal Sovereignty, and Nuclear Waste" is at http://www.nirs.org/factsheets/pfsejfactsheet.htm . The ASLB decision should soon be available on the NRC website, and in the meantime, we have a PDF copy we can email upon request. If we can answer any questions, please just let us know. Together, we can and must stop this radioactive racism in its tracks! Sincerely, Kevin Kamps Nuclear Information and Resource Service kevin@nirs.org www.nirs.org 202.328.0002 ext. 14 Committee to Bridge the Gap Nuclear Information and Resource Service Public Citizen For immediate release Contact: Daniel Hirsch (831) 332-3099 3 June 2005 Diane DArrigo (202) 841-8588 Michele Boyd (202) 454-5134 NRC Unanimously Rejects Atomic Waste Deregulation Rulemaking in Surprising Victory for Environmentalists and Public Washington, DC - By a 5-0 vote, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has rejected a rulemaking proposal by its staff that would have permitted radioactive waste to be dumped in municipal landfills, used in roadbeds, and recycled into consumer products. The turnaround was all the more remarkable because the Commissioners themselves had earlier strongly directed staff to prepare the waste deregulation rulemaking in the first place. Environmentalists cautiously praised the decision. The NRC clearly backed down from this crazy idea because it recognized the firestorm of public concern that would be triggered,said Daniel Hirsch, President of the Los Angeles-based Committee to Bridge the Gap (CBG) that has fought such radioactive deregulation proposals for years. The public doesnt want radioactive waste in their local garbage dump, childrens braces, or tools. This is an important victory for public health and environmental protection,stated Diane DArrigo of Nuclear Information and Resource Service (NIRS), although possibly temporary since some commissioners want to proceed with it AFTER new nuclear reactors are licensed. Maybe they dont want the public to realize new nuclear reactors means nuclear waste that could end up in our kidstoys and other everyday items. The NRC should be on notice, however: Dont even think of trying this again. Well remain vigilant. In 1986 and 1990, the NRC tried a similar deregulation plan, called Below Regulatory Concern(BRC). It would similarly have permitted radioactive waste to go to unlicensed landfills, contaminated metals and other materials to be recycled into consumer products, and other wastes to avoid having to go to radioactive waste disposal facilities licensed and designed for that purpose. The BRC Policies created widespread public opposition, media coverage and legislation in numerous states. In 1992 Congress intervened and overturned the NRCs radioactive waste deregulation policies. In 2002 the Commissioners directed NRC staff to prepare a new regulation releasing significant volumes of radioactive wastes from the requirement that they be disposed of in licensed radioactive waste facilities. In March 2005 the proposed regulation was sent to the Commission for approval. Numerous environmental groups weighed in opposing it as a revival of the discredited BRC Policy. This week, the Commissioners unanimously rejected the proposed regulation. They did, however, hold out the prospect of possibly reviving it at some time in the futuretwo, five, or ten years from nowaccording to one Commissioner. The NRC will, however, continue to release nuclear waste under its current case-by-case exemption procedures, which are not readily open to public notice, comment or intervention. Opposition from the public and state officials recently forced the cancellation of shipments of reactor decommissioning wastes to unlicensed waste sites in Idaho and Texas that NRC staff had quietly approved using the exemption process. While we are pleased that the Commissioners are not moving forward with this ill-begotten proposal, we remain concerned about the so-called case-by-casereleases that are occurring today,said Wenonah Hauter, director of the Energy Program at Public Citizen. No releases of radioactively contaminated materials should be allowed for reuse, recycling, or disposal into municipal landfills. The NRC should make public information about the releases that have occurred thus far. This decision is a major step in the right direction but it is tempered by the NRCs recent deregulation of nuclear materials in transport,DArrigo continued, pointing out that NRC, with the US Department of Transportation has approved some of the very same exemptions in the 2004 radioactive transport regulations. NIRS, CBG and Public Citizen are among a group of organizations now challenging the both agencies in federal court for the transport exemptions. # # # ____________________________________________________________ We hope every grassroots group will sign on to the following statement. To sign on, please send your name, organization, city, state to nirsnet@nirs.org Organizations only, please; individuals, please call your Senators and tell them no more subsidies for nuclear power! Environmental Statement on Nuclear Energy and Global Warming As national and local environmental, consumer, and safe energy organizations, we have serious and substantive concerns about nuclear energy. While we are committed to tackling the challenge of global warming, we flatly reject the argument that increased investment in nuclear capacity is an acceptable or necessary solution. Instead we can significantly reduce global warming pollution and save consumers money by increasing energy efficiency and shifting to clean renewable sources of energy. For at least thirty years, the public, policymakers and private investors have viewed nuclear power as uneconomical, unsafe, and unnecessary. As a result no new reactors have been ordered in this country. With respect to these serious concerns, nothing has changed. While we urgently need to reduce our global warming emissions, nuclear power still remains the least attractive, least economic, and least safe avenue to pursue. *Nuclear Power is Unnecessary: We can meet our future electricity needs and reduce global warming pollution without increasing our reliance on nuclear energy. For example, a 2004 study by Synapse Energy Economics found that the US could reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 47% by 2025 compared to business as usual and meet projected electricity demand, while saving consumers $36 billion annually. In fact, we can do this while cutting our reliance on nuclear power by nearly half. The states are moving forward with clean energy solutions. Nineteen states have passed renewable electricity standards requiring an increasing percentage of energy to be generated by renewable energy sources. Replicating this effort nationally would increase our ability to reduce global warming emissions, while benefiting public health, consumers and the environment. Several states are working to increase efficiency standards for appliances, while many are working to reduce global warming pollution from cars. The states are demonstrating that there is an effective arsenal of clean energy solutions that can significantly curb our global warming emissions; it is these ideas that we need to draw upon. *Nuclear Power is Too Expensive: The economics of nuclear power remain so unattractive that without additional federal subsidies, no new plants will be built. Despite fifty years and more than $150 billion in federal and state support, the nuclear power industry is still seemingly incapable of building a new plant on its own. In fact, the U.S. DOEs Energy Information Administration stated in its 2005 Annual Energy Outlook that new [nuclear] plants are not expected to be economical. Dominion CEO & Chairman Thomas Capps has stated that: If you announced you were going to build a new nuclear plant, Moodys and Standard & Poors would assuredly drop your bonds to junk status, hedge funds would be bumping into each other trying to short your stock. Not surprisingly, private investors have shown such disinterest in supporting new nuclear power plants that the industry is, yet again, at the mercy of federal handouts. Last year, Senator Domenici included extensive federal incentives in his original energy bill, including loan guarantees and power purchase agreements covering up to half the cost of building a new plant, as well as clean air credits and federal lines of credit. Despite this, Standard & Poors concluded: Standard & Poors Ratings Services has found that an electric utility with a nuclear exposure has weaker credit than one without and can expect to pay more on the margin for credit. Federal support of construction costs will do little to change that reality. Therefore, were a utility to embark on a new or expanded nuclear endeavor, Standard & Poors would likely revisit its rating on the utility. Due to the lack of private investment, it is the inevitable that any new nuclear construction will result in significant public cost to taxpayers. Between 1950 and1998, the federal government spent 56% of the energy supply research and development on nuclear energy, while only 11% was invested in all renewable technologies. If the federal government is going to spend any money on energy, those dollars should be focused on clean and safe technologies. *Nuclear Energy is Too Dangerous: Nuclear energy has never been safe, but post 9-11 nuclear power plants and radioactive waste storage facilities y have become terrorist targets as well. Al-Qaeda operatives were surveying nuclear power plants as potential terrorist targets; in the post 9-11 world these risks are only elevated. The National Academy of Sciences has raised serious concerns about the safety of irradiated nuclear fuel storage facilities from terrorist attacks in its report entitled Safety and Security of Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage. Furthermore, protecting the fuel from terrorists as it is moved to longer term storage facilities, if they are ever built, will be nearly impossible. Reactors in the U.S. are also deteriorating with age and inadequate oversight by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission provides further reason for concern. Just three years ago, for example, a nuclear reactor in Ohio came within one-fifth of an inch of stainless steel from a rupture that would have vented radioactive steam into the reactors containment building and could have led to a meltdown. *Nuclear Power is Too Polluting: Beyond operating concerns remains the unsolved and disturbing issue of waste disposal. Some 95% of the radioactivity ever generated in the US is contained in the nations civilian high-level atomic waste. Despite almost two decades of pushing to make Yucca Mountain in Nevada the nations high-level waste repository, it has not been shown scientifically to be suitable to safely store the waste. The Yucca Mountain project is further thrown into doubt by the recent revelations of the falsification of scientific data by USGS scientists, as well as the court ruling that found EPAs public health standards for the site to be illegal. No country in the world has solved its nuclear waste problem. It makes little sense to begin building new reactors when we dont know what to do with the lethal waste from the ones we have. *Using Nuclear Power to Address Climate Change Would Exacerbate the Problems: Major studies, such as those by MIT, agree that using nuclear power to have any significant effect on climate change would require building at least 1,000 new reactors worldwide. This would exacerbate all of the problems of the technology: more terrorist targets, more cost (potentially trillions of dollars), less safety, need for a new Yucca Mountain-sized waste site every 4 or 5 years, more proliferation of nuclear materials and technologies, dozens of new uranium enrichment plants, and even then, a severe shortage of uranium even within this century--while displacing the resources needed to ensure a real solution to the climate change issue. *Conclusion: We believe that the financial and safety risks associated with nuclear power are so grave that nuclear power should not be a part of any solution to address global warming. There is no need to jeopardize our health, safety and economy with increased nuclear power when we have cleaner, cheaper solutions to reduce global warming pollution. ***************************************************************** 16 Sacramento Bee: Opinion - Editorial: Nuclear punt - sacbee.com Sacbee Home Page] Sacbee: / Opinion Nonproliferation efforts founder Published 2:15 am PDT Saturday, June 4, 2005 B6--> Virtually everyone expected the monthlong review conference of the 1970 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty to fail. It did, and the world is less safe as a result. Much of last month's meeting at United Nations headquarters in New York consisted of mutual finger pointing by the United States on the one hand and Iran and other nuclear have-nots on the other. The U.S. delegation wanted to put greater pressure on Iran - and North Korea, which says it already has nuclear weapons - to dissuade them from proceeding. But Iran, which says its program is only for peaceful purposes, and other nuclear have-nots accused the United States of not taking serious steps to shrink its huge nuclear arsenal. The Bush administration resisted on several fronts, including its refusal to embrace the nuclear test-ban treaty and to end its plans to develop new nuclear weapons. By the end, no progress was made on a critical need - to make it more difficult for non-nuclear powers to secretly develop nuclear bombs under the guise of a peaceful program. U.S. and European officials accuse Iran of doing that, based on Tehran's secret, 18-year uranium enrichment program it admitted only after Iranian dissidents produced evidence. Some countries accuse Washington of a double standard in calling on others to desist from developing nuclear weapons while refusing to take serious disarmament steps. For its part, the administration has touted its Proliferation Security Initiative, backed by some 60 other countries, under which cargoes suspected of containing nuclear or other contraband weapons are intercepted. But apart from a seizure that was followed by Libya giving up its nuclear weapons program, U.S. officials have been vague about citing the PSI's successes. Most troubling is that the status quo is anything but static. With Israel, India and Pakistan armed with nukes outside the NPT, with North Korea an avowed nuclear weapons power and with Iran resisting pressure to cease uranium enrichment on grounds of sovereignty, the prospect of a growing nuclear club seems real. Japan has been deeply committed to a non-nuclear defense strategy, but could be spooked into changing course if North Korea continues on its current course. And other countries that are NPT signatories - Saudi Arabia is one - want the International Atomic Energy Agency to let them report on their peaceful nuclear programs without any assurance they would allow spot IAEA inspections. With such loopholes, it's no wonder the treaty has failed to measure up to its promise. The Bush administration's record is mixed, but not encouraging. It has taken thousands of warheads off alert, but without dismantling them; it says it wants to develop meaningful nonproliferation programs, but outside the U.N. framework and thus with no formal U.S. commitments. Even if such partial programs achieve some success, it's not reassuring that China, for example, is not part of the PSI nor that some countries expect the world to simply take their word, Iran being a prime example. Arguably the NPT is doomed to failure - indeed, some would say it has already failed. But if the community of nations is serious about heading off a nuclear free-for-all that would make an already unstable world even more so, someone must lead. And the one country in the best position to do that without serious risk to its own security is this one. ***************************************************************** 17 STLtoday: Lawmakers get away, courtesy of special interests the St. Louis Post-Dispatch By Deirdre Shesgreen Post-Dispatch Washington Bureau 06/04/2005 WASHINGTON - On a brisk January day in 2004, Rep. Jo Ann Emerson and her husband traded the chill winds of southern Missouri for the warm breezes of the Hawaiian island of Kauai. This wasn't a typical post-holiday getaway. It was an "educational" trip, with a Washington lobby group picking up the $13,000 tab for the Cape Girardeau congresswoman and her labor-lawyer husband, Ron Gladney. Current members of Congress from the bistate area and their aides have accepted more than $1 million in free trips from outside interest groups in the last eight years - to far-flung destinations such as France, Israel and Italy, along with domestic warm-weather spots like Pebble Beach, Calif., and Palm Beach, Fla., disclosure reports show. Sen. Dick Durbin, D-Ill., and his wife went to the Grand Cayman Islands. Rep. Kenny Hulshof, R-Columbia, Mo., spoke at conference on Florida's Amelia Island. Rep. William Lacy Clay Jr., D-St. Louis, visited Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and other cities in Brazil. Although nonprofit think tanks and public-policy groups sponsored some of the trips, others were paid for by special interests with pressing business before Congress - from Washington's most powerful pro-Israel lobby group to the nuclear power industry to the American Association of Airport Executives, which hosted Emerson and other lawmakers in Hawaii. In addition to privately paid travel, lawmakers can take government-funded trips, or dip into their campaign accounts to pay for other jaunts. Under House and Senate ethics rules, lobbyists can't pay for the trips. But businesses and other interest groups can. And lobbyists are free to join lawmakers on travel paid for by their employers. "There's very legitimate fact-finding educational trips that members of Congress should participate in," said Mary Boyle, a spokeswoman for the watchdog group Common Cause. "The concern is, when you have some of these privately funded trips that basically amount to corporations ... trying to buy this access and influence." The trips often offer a unique opportunity to bend a congressman's ear, Boyle said. "You're out of town, you're flying around the world with a member of Congress, you're having dinner, you're having drinks with them, maybe you're even sitting poolside with them. Some of these trips amount to little more than an effort to cozy up to these guys." Lawmakers defend their use of the perk, saying travel is an important part of their job and the trips offer a chance to learn firsthand about important problems or policy issues facing the country. During her trip to Hawaii, Emerson said, she and other lawmakers talked with airport executives about crucial transportation issues. And she held a meeting with Federal Aviation Administrator Marion Blakey and the executives to discuss homeland security. "It's having all the people in the same room, all the airport executives, talking about what are the challenges, especially in homeland security, that we face today," Emerson said. But, she added, "I will be the first one to admit that (on) that Hawaii trip, you only have to work every morning." In 2004, the airport association spent about $1 million lobbying Congress and the executive branch on a wide range of issues, from cargo security to increased funding for airports, according to the group's lobbying disclosure reports. Emerson has sway over funding issues, since she sits on the House Appropriations Committee, including its homeland security panel. Jeffrey Connor, her spokesman, said Emerson has supported some increases in homeland security funding for airports, saying she wants to do "what's necessary to help airports cope with new mandates" put in place after 9/11. "I was the roof guy" Rep. John Shimkus, R-Collinsville, took the most expensive trip of any local lawmaker - a $19,000 five-day journey with his wife, Karen, to China, paid for by the U.S. Asia Foundation. His office racked up nearly $150,000 in free travel, second only to Rep. Roy Blunt, R-Strafford, Mo., the House majority whip, among the members examined by the Post-Dispatch. "There are some very credible trips that encourage learning and are just a good experience for members to get a handle on issues around the world," Shimkus said. Shimkus said the China trip, taken in October 2003, wasn't a leisurely vacation. He and his wife spent nearly three days en route, and two days there helping to build a one-room computer lab at a rural Chinese school. "I was the roof guy," Shimkus said. "By the time we were done, they had about 18 computers hooked up to the World Wide Web for the first time." But there was a bonus for the company helping to fund the U.S. Asia Foundation and coordinate the trip, United Parcel Service. UPS sent some 40 lobbyists along to work side-by-side with Shimkus and the three other lawmakers on the project. Shimkus said UPS' interest in China is obvious. "They're having great growth in the Chinese market" and hope that will increase with the 2008 Olympics. The company's interest in Shimkus is also obvious. He sits on the powerful Energy and Commerce Committee, which deals with a broad range of business issues, from environmental regulations to foreign commerce. This trip offered a unique opportunity for "relationship building" and a chance to tell lawmakers about UPS, said company spokesman David Bolger. "We want to take the opportunity, while we're nailing down plywood with a member of Congress, to say you may not have known this" about UPS, Bolger said. "It gives them the opportunity to learn about us and gives us the opportunity to learn more about them." By the end of the building effort, he said, "It was not Congressman (Rep. Jim) Clyburn or Congressman Shimkus. It was Jim and John," Bolger said. (Clyburn, a Democrat from South Carolina, was also on the trip.) UPS spent more than $4 million in 2003 lobbying on everything from pension reform to the energy bill, which was before Shimkus' committee. Shimkus said UPS officials didn't talk to him about legislation during the China trip. And he disputed any suggestion that such trips give lobbyists special access to him. Noting the office hours he holds in his home district, he said, "I probably give the public more access ... than I give lobbyists, and that works well." Heading to Israel One of the most popular destinations for members of Congress is Israel, whose decades-old conflict with the Palestinians is front and center in American foreign policy. An affiliate of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, one of Washington's most formidable lobbying forces, and other pro-Israel groups have spent more than $70,000 sending five area lawmakers or their aides to the region in the last eight years. The group's Washington lobbyists often go on the trips. The trips "provide members of Congress with the opportunity to see firsthand the situation on the ground and to have an incredible educational experience," said Josh Block, a spokesman for AIPAC. Block said the trips do not tilt toward his group's perspective. Lawmakers are able to "form their own impressions based on meetings" with Israeli and Palestinian politicians, academics, journalists and others who represent "a wide variety of opinions across the political spectrum," he said. Blunt has been the most avid Israel traveler. He and his aides have taken six trips, totaling more than $45,000, at the AIPAC affiliate's expense, including one trip with his son Andrew and another with his daughter Amy. Blunt often hosts GOP freshman lawmakers on the trip, a role Rep. Steny Hoyer, D-Md., plays for Democrats. Blunt, who plans to take freshmen on another AIPAC trip in August, is also one of the staunchest defenders of Israel in the House. He recommends the trip because "of all the places in the world, the problems of the Middle East are best seen by being there in Israel." He acknowledged that "you do see it through (AIPAC's) eyes." But he said he always suggests an "alternative schedule" to the one proposed by the group that includes more meetings with Palestinians. More travel for the leader Overall, Blunt's office accepted more than $300,000 in free travel during the period, the most of any lawmaker reviewed by the Post-Dispatch. He's gone to Boca Raton and Miami to speak to business groups. He's also gone to less exciting destinations, such as Maryland and West Virginia, for congressional retreats paid for by a public-policy group. Blunt said his tab is higher than most because of his leadership position; he has more staff and they are involved in more issues. Blunt also defended his use of another travel perk: corporate jets to get to fundraisers and other events. Lawmakers reimburse companies for such flights from their campaign accounts, but critics say the rates never match the actual cost and convenience. A Washington Post analysis found that Blunt and House Majority Leader Tom DeLay, R-Texas, were the top two users of corporate jets among congressional leaders. Blunt attributed his frequent travel to the 100 congressional districts he visited in the last election to raise money or campaign for GOP candidates, saying if he had to rely solely on commercial flights, it would have taken "forever" to get to some of the GOP's rural districts. In a Post-Dispatch interview, Blunt acknowledged the jets are "certainly one of the more helpful things under the law that a company can still do. (But) it's no more helpful a relationship than the hundreds of thousands of dollars in corporate dollars that my friend Dick Gephardt raised over the years," a reference to the now-banned unlimited soft money contributions that the former St. Louis County congressman raised for Democrats. Las Vegas and Alaska Las Vegas is a favorite domestic destination for Congress. The draw, lawmakers say, is not the casinos but Yucca Mountain, the proposed site to store the nation's nuclear waste. The Nuclear Energy Institute, which supports Yucca, sponsors the visits. Shimkus' office alone has gotten six trips from the nuclear industry, five to Las Vegas and one to France, Belgium and the Netherlands. "It was a pretty important trip for me to take since I'm in the room and writing national energy policy with regard to nuclear energy," Shimkus said, a reference to his seat on the energy committee. Shimkus said it was an efficient way for him to see the site: after a four- or five-hour tour, he went straight back to the airport and flew home. Shimkus has twice voted in favor of the Yucca Mountain site. "Having a national repository ... is not only in our national interest but also in our local interest," Shimkus said. "Illinois is a big nuclear state. We've got 12 nuclear plants, and we have high-level nuclear waste spread" across the state. Durbin got quite a different view of a controversial environmental issue when, in August 2003, he and his son Paul went camping in Alaska, where they trekked along the crystal-clear Canning River in the shadow of the Brooks Range. The Alaska Wilderness League picked up the $4,200 tab. The area where Durbin and his son stayed - the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge - was at the time a subject of hot Senate debate. The Bush administration has proposed opening the refuge to drilling - a measure Democrats such as Durbin have vehemently opposed. In four separate votes both before and after his trip, Durbin has opposed opening the refuge to drilling. He said the trip allowed him to see firsthand the difference between the protected refuge and an adjacent area opened to oil exploration. "They took a piece of this real estate and desecrated it," he said of the latter. "The next time there was a debate about it in the Senate, I felt like I had a better feeling for (the issue) than other members," he said. His feeling, of course, was the same one promoted by the Alaska Wilderness League. The senator's other destinations in recent years have included Rome, San Juan, the Cayman Islands and Lithuania. As with the Alaska trip, he said the other trips have enriched his understanding of key issues and made him a more engaged legislator. "I believe every member of Congress should have to explain why they don't travel at least once a year to an important place," Durbin said. "It's inspired me to be involved in a lot of issues that I never would have dreamed of." A trip to Africa, for example, spurred the Illinois Democrat to start the Global AIDS Task Force and push for increased funding to fight the disease. And a trip to Bangladesh got him interested in a small loan program to help poor individuals in Third World countries. "These trips have put a face and a story behind some interesting public policy issues," he said. "Were it not for travel I probably would have an interest in these things but not a passion." Durbin said he favors trips funded by the Aspen Institute, a nonpartisan public policy group, because the trips allow members to immerse themselves in an issue and they don't push a particular political agenda. Plus, he said, he gets to take his wife, Loretta, to nice locales. "I have spent 23 years in this business and my wife has paid a price for this," he said. "If I get a chance, at someone else's expense, not the government's, to take her with me, I jump at it." Ed Ronco of the Post-Dispatch's Washington bureau contributed to this report. Reporter Deirdre Shesgreen E-mail: dshesgreen@post-dispatch.com Phone: 202-298-6880 St. Louis Post-Dispatch. ***************************************************************** 18 Las Vegas SUN: Letter: Atomic museum omits some facts June 03, 2005 LAS VEGAS SUN The Atomic Testing Museum in Las Vegas is impressive in its scope, but it doesn't tell the whole story. Nor is there any opportunity to make suggestions. There is an exhibit about ancient Shoshone culture, but no mention that the Nevada Test Site violated the Ruby Valley Treaty of 1863 by forcing the Test Site on native lands. Nowhere does the exhibit honestly address the ongoing danger of radiation that leads to cancer resulting from decades of testing. What about the opposition to nuclear testing? This effort continues today. Subcritical/low-yield tests are still conducted to continue with our weapons of mass destruction program, which we insist other nations should not develop. This is a good position, but shouldn't we start at home? Shame on the Smithsonian for not telling the public the whole truth. JOAN MONASTERO Saugerties, N.Y. ***************************************************************** 19 WorldNetDaily: Bolton's legacy SATURDAY JUNE 4 2005 Posted: June 4, 2005 © 2005 WorldNetDaily.com Even if Under-Secretary of State John Bolton isn't our next Ambassador to the United Nations, he already has a legacy. At the recently concluded Review Conference for the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, his underlings managed to seriously undermine both the NPT and the Safeguards regime of the International Atomic Energy Agency. How? By insisting that certain NPT signatories be denied – by force, if "necessary" – their "inalienable right" under the NPT to enjoy "without discrimination" all the peaceful benefits of nuclear energy. But, the NPT now requires all non-nuke signatories to subject their "nuclear materials and activities" to the IAEA regime and assigns to it – not to the NPT signatories, individually or collectively – the responsibility for verifying nuclear energy is not used for a "military purpose." Yes, the Bush-Boltonites argue, but the IAEA is, at least, incompetent. The Bush-Boltonites just know that Iran has had a covert nuclear-weapons program for 20 years, and the IAEA – in spite of being able to go anywhere, interview anyone and see anything – hasn't been able to find it. What to do? Sign on to the Bush-Bolton ! Then when Bush-Bolton suspect some country like Iran has a nuke program the IAEA can't find, Bush-Bolton will just "take it out." Yeah, like two years ago, when Bush-Bolton defied the U.N. Security Council, overrode the IAEA, invaded Iraq, turned the country upside down, went everywhere, "interviewed" everyone and saw everything there was to see? It turned out the reason the IAEA hadn't been able to find the Iraqi nuke program was that there wasn't one. The Bush-Boltonites have been insisting the IAEA Safeguarded nuclear power plant the Russians are completing at Bushehr should be destroyed "before it's too late." Too late? Nonsense. Once the power plant goes "on-line" next year – the Iranians would have to operate it for a year, withdraw from the NPT, kick out the IAEA inspectors, shut down the power plant, remove the fuel from the reactor and let it "cool off" in a "swimming pool" for a couple of years. Meanwhile, they would have to construct – and get "on-line" – a plant for recovering the plutonium contained in that fuel once it cools off. Also, establish a research and development program for producing a high-explosive spherical-implosion system like that employed in Fat Man, the nuke we dropped on Nagasaki. (Fat Man weighed about 10,000 pounds. If Iran wants to deliver nukes by ballistic missile to Israel, Iran will have to get that weight down to about a thousand pounds. That took us ten years.) Maybe so, the Bush-Boltonites argue, but Iran has also been constructing a secret underground uranium-enrichment plant at Natanz. As soon as they get it up and running, producing low-enriched uranium, allegedly for power plant fuel, they will withdraw from the NPT, kick out the IAEA inspectors, further enrich that low-enriched uranium to weapons-grade and make gun-type nukes, like the Little Boy the U.S. dropped on Hiroshima. "We" have to take it out, before it's too late. More nonsense! It will take the Iranians five to six years to produce – subject to IAEA Safeguards – the tens of thousands of gas-centrifuges that now-empty, but IAEA-Safeguarded, underground plant was meant to house. Then spend at least several more years producing – under IAEA Safeguards – tons of IAEA-Safeguarded low-enriched uranium. Finally, Iran will have to withdraw from the NPT, kick out the IAEA inspectors and re-configure the gas-centrifuges to produce a thousand pounds or so of weapons-grade highly-enriched uranium. In any case, Little Boy also weighed about 10,000 pounds. Even the South African gun-type nukes weighed more than 2,000 pounds, still too heavy to be delivered from Iran to Israel by ballistic missile. So, what can NPT signatories do to protect those NPT signatories subject to the NPT-IAEA Safeguards regime from the pre-emptive Bush-Bolton Proliferation Security Initiative? Well, all Bush-Bolton doomsday scenarios involve the NPT signatory kicking out the IAEA inspectors. The original Iranian Safeguards Agreement had a clause that said the agreement would only remain in force so long as Iran remained a signatory to the NPT. (The North Korean agreement had a similar clause.) So, all the Iranians have to do to provide additional assurances that they won't kick out the IAEA – even if the Bush-Boltonites succeed in destroying the NPT – is to have that clause removed. The NPT doesn't require them, so all such clauses should be removed. Then NPT withdrawal wouldn't affect the authority of the IAEA to verify compliance with Safeguards Agreements and to report "non-compliance" to the U.N. Security Council for possible punitive action. Physicist James Gordon Prather has served as a policy implementing official for national security-related technical matters in the Federal Energy Agency, the Energy Research and Development Administration, the Department of Energy, the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Department of the Army. Dr. Prather also served as legislative assistant for national security affairs to U.S. Sen. Henry Bellmon, R-Okla. -- ranking member of the Senate Budget Committee and member of the Senate Energy Committee and Appropriations Committee. Dr. Prather had earlier worked as a nuclear weapons physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California and Sandia National Laboratory in New Mexico. [WorldNetDaily.com] ***************************************************************** 20 Guardian Unlimited: McNamara attacks UK nuclear policy Richard Norton-Taylor Saturday June 4, 2005 The Guardian Robert McNamara, the US defence secretary at the time of the Cuban missile crisis, yesterday described the British and American approach towards nuclear weapons as "immoral, illegal and militarily unnecessary". It was "very, very dangerous and destructive of the non-proliferation regime which has served us so well", he added. Though he was reluctant to appear to be telling the Blair government what to do, Mr McNamara made clear he was referring to the British position on nuclear weapons as well as that of the Bush administration. "Neither the UK nor the US should develop new nuclear weapons capabilities," he said, referring to a successor to the Trident missile system de ployed by Britain and the US. Mr McNamara was speaking at a press conference organised by the Pugwash group, which includes nuclear scientists and campaigns against nuclear weapons. He is to appear at the Guardian Hay literary festival tomorrow. The dangers and threats surrounding the 1962 Cuban missile crisis were similar to those which exist today, he said. About 2,000 US strategic nuclear weapons are on hair-trigger alert, ready to be fired in 15 minutes. Iraq had shown that the consequences of military action were unpredictable and intelligence was imperfect, Mr McNamara said. But Cuba had already demonstrated that. It was 29 years before it became known that the Soviet Union had 1,700 nuclear warheads on Cuba. Email comments for publication to: politics.editor@guardianunlimited.co.uk [UP] Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 21 Why Iran Needs Nuclear Power: Hidden Facts Date: Sat, 4 Jun 2005 19:36:48 -0500 (CDT) Facts the grab-oil-via-war crowd don't want you to know: 1) Iran Oil production has already peaked: "It may be a surprise to some policy analysts supplying deep thoughts for Great Game 2 strategists that Iran, which was the 'Persia' in the Anglo-Persian Oil Co. of the 1920s and later became BP (by the late 1990s it had given itself the nickname Beyond Petroleum), is an oil exporter a long way past its peak production capacity. This was attained in 1978, only 8 years after the USA attained its ultimate peak of oil production." 2) Iran faces massive domestic energy demand growth: Why Iran Needs Nuclear Power: Hidden Facts Date: Sat, 4 Jun 2005 19:36:48 -0500 (CDT) Facts the grab-oil-via-war crowd don't want you to know: 1) Iran Oil production has already peaked: "It may be a surprise to some policy analysts supplying deep thoughts for Great Game 2 strategists that Iran, which was the 'Persia' in the Anglo-Persian Oil Co. of the 1920s and later became BP (by the late 1990s it had given itself the nickname Beyond Petroleum), is an oil exporter a long way past its peak production capacity. This was attained in 1978, only 8 years after the USA attained its ultimate peak of oil production." 2) Iran faces massive domestic energy demand growth: "Iran's national or domestic demand continues to grow with population and economic growth, and, after China, Iran has the fastest-growing car fleet in Asia." 3) Iran may need to import oil in the not to distant future: "Domestic demand is so strong, and Iran's oil production is so far past its peak that by 2008-2011 (see above), it will likely cease to have any exportable surplus of oil, and will become an importer country." 4) The author suggests Iran can use natural gas to oil conversion. This is very true, however, the massive natural gas needed just to keep its oil going for the next 5 or so years (natural gas, is injected to keep oil pressure up) is something we have posted about in the last 6 months on usenet...so natural gas, sorry, will not save Iran Footnote: of course, we do not think nuclear power is the best solution...massive renewables and conservation are the best answer...however it is not only arrogance but madness to think it would be even workable to say some countries are allowed nuclear power and others are not, and, worse, instead of spending billions helping the third world get massive wind and solar technology upgrades, our 'leaders' prefer to spend tens to hundreds of billions on bombing the rest of the world, instead 5) Peaceful use of nuclear energy to help power Iran is not some new invention of the current not-in-love-with-Washington Iran government...it goes back to the puppet kissing-washington's-rear Shah days of Iran: "Even before the overthrow of Shah Pahlavi by the Khomenei-led revolution of 1979, the country's oil discovery/production indicators showed that Iran was heading towards that day -- then a long way in the future -- when it would cease to export oil. "One consequence was the entirely 'classic' economic decision for a program to develop civil nuclear power for electricity production. http://www.vheadline.com/readnews.asp?id=3D37070 = = = = STILL FEELING LIKE THE MAINSTREAM U.S. CORPORATE MEDIA IS GIVING A FULL HONEST PICTURE OF WHAT'S GOING ON? = = = = Daily online radio show, news reporting: www.DemocracyNow.org More news: UseNet's misc.activism.progressive (moderated) = = = = Sorry, we cannot read/reply to most usenet posts but welcome email FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://EconomicDemocracy.org/wtc/ (peace) http://economicdemocracy.org/eco/climate-summary.html (Climate) And http://EconomicDemocracy.org/ (general) ** ANTI-SPAM NOTE: For EMAIL "info" and "map" DON'T work. Email to ** m-a-i-l-m-a-i-l (without the dashes)at economicdemocracy.org instead ***************************************************************** 22 Why Iran Needs Nuclear Power: Hidden Facts, part II Date: Sat, 4 Jun 2005 19:48:19 -0500 (CDT) The above are interesting and certainly are part of the answer, perhaps most of the answer. Personally I think at least part of the answer is one I have not heard elsewhere: most people talk about worry that Iran might want nuclear weapons and pretend they 'only' want nuclear power; no one has pointed out the (to me) obvious possibility that they want nuclear power and for their own protection need to have 'deliberate ambiguity' to deter a US attack. After all Bush attacked Iraq, not North Korea. Therefore, Iran, far from "pretending they don't have, when they do/want to have" nuclear weapons, might instead need to be "pretending they DO or COULD have nuclear weapons, when in fact they don't" Why Iran Needs Nuclear Power: Hidden Facts, part II Date: Sat, 4 Jun 2005 19:48:19 -0500 (CDT) The above are interesting and certainly are part of the answer, perhaps most of the answer. Personally I think at least part of the answer is one I have not heard elsewhere: most people talk about worry that Iran might want nuclear weapons and pretend they 'only' want nuclear power; no one has pointed out the (to me) obvious possibility that they want nuclear power and for their own protection need to have 'deliberate ambiguity' to deter a US attack. After all Bush attacked Iraq, not North Korea. Therefore, Iran, far from "pretending they don't have, when they do/want to have" nuclear weapons, might instead need to be "pretending they DO or COULD have nuclear weapons, when in fact they don't" For their own protection they can't lie and say "we have nukes" since that would be too much hay for Washington, but for their own protection, too, they want SOME ambiguity and thus don't want to convince the world with utter 100% certainty that they DON'T have nuclear weapons (or ability to make same on short notice), thus they may be doing the opposite of what they are accused of: making it look, at least a little bit, closer to nuclear weapons ready, than the reality, instead of making it look like less nuclear weapons ready than the reality. The earlier article above, shows why Iran damn well does have good reasons for wanting new energy despite "all that oil"..but the comments just given now may be another dimension, one 99% of commentators are blind to not because they are less intelligent but because of ideological blinders or the need to stay "publishable" within mainstream media. = = = = STILL FEELING LIKE THE MAINSTREAM U.S. CORPORATE MEDIA IS GIVING A FULL HONEST PICTURE OF WHAT'S GOING ON? = = = = Daily online radio show, news reporting: www.DemocracyNow.org More news: UseNet's misc.activism.progressive (moderated) = = = = Sorry, we cannot read/reply to most usenet posts but welcome email FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://EconomicDemocracy.org/wtc/ (peace) http://economicdemocracy.org/eco/climate-summary.html (Climate) And http://EconomicDemocracy.org/ (general) ** ANTI-SPAM NOTE: For EMAIL "info" and "map" DON'T work. Email to ** m-a-i-l-m-a-i-l (without the dashes)at economicdemocracy.org instead ***************************************************************** 23 The Hindu: India readies itself for quantum jump in nuclear power Sunday, June 5, 2005 : 2200 Hrs Hyderabad, June 5.(UNI): Amid its first 500 MWe reactor under construction at Kalpakkam, India is looking at its Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) to give the "quantum jump" to its nuclear power generation as it has a potential to generate 500,000 megawatts(MWe) of electricity, Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Chairman Anil Kakodkar indicated today. India has Fast Breeder Test Reactor of 40 MWth at Kalpakkam in Tamilnadu and construction is underway for the country's first 500 MWe Reactor there. The design of Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor is in advanced stage and it is likely to be commissioned in 2010-2011. This forms the second stage of India's three-staged nuclear energy programme drafted targetting generation of 20,000 MWe of electricity by 2020, the AEC Chairman said during his interaction with the media on the sidelines of the 14th National Symposium on Environment which began at Osmania University here. The thrust of the first stage of the "20000 MWe by 2020" programme is on Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWRs) to generate 10,000 MWe. Currently India has fourteen reactors in operation and eight other reactors under construction. The total capacity of the operating PHWRs reactors is about 2800 MWe which will be increased to 4500 MWe by 2008. En route India has recently commissioned its first large size PHWR of 540 MWe capacity upgrading from the earlier 220 MWe capacity PHWR at Tarapur, Kota, Kalpakkam, Narora, Kakrapar and Kaiga. Design is underway for 700 MWe PHWR. The second stage with FBRs is to provide atleast 5000 MWe though the potential is estimated at five lakh MWe from FBRs. In the third stage reactors will be based on large scale utilisation of U-233 which will be produced at Stage-Two (from FBRs). Work is on in designing the 3000 MWe Advanced Heavy Water Reactor to use Thorium, he added. Copyright © 2005, The Hindu. Republication or redissemination of ***************************************************************** 24 Times of India: Nuclear energy is unsafe, uneconomical- COUNTERVIEW A SRINIVAS [ MONDAY, JUNE 06, 2005 12:16:14 AM ] Two decades after Chernobyl, nuclear energy is making a stealthy comeback. The reasons for that are not far to seek. As a carbon-free fuel, it can sidestep the Kyoto Protocol that obliges member countries to clean up their act by reducing carbon emissions. Nuclear power producers, India included, can pile up tradable carbon credits against their name. No wonder, Indian and global spin doctors are back in action, peddling the clean technology argument. Chernobyl, we are told, will not happen because of the technological advancements that have taken place since then. It is another matter that India picked up Soviet technology within years of the disaster. Are we then to believe that nuclear power suddenly poses fewer dangers? There is still no clean method of dealing with radioactive waste, which stays toxic for generations. Besides, the plant conditions of Indian reactors do not inspire confidence. Former chairman of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board A Gopalakrishnan, soon after retirement in 1996, spilled the beans on appalling safety conditions in India's antiquated nuclear plants. That a Chernobyl has not occurred in India is a miracle. In a country where Bhopal happened despite early warnings, can we afford to be complacent? What's worse, nuclear energy, unlike thermal or hydel, is shrouded in awe and state secrecy. As a result, minor accidents never come to light. Nuclear power, which accounts for just 3 percent of our power output, is not efficiently generated either. The average plant capacity utilisation is less than 40 percent. Besides, plant operations have to be heavily subsidised. All this hardly points to nuclear power being the energy of the future. Instead of sinking crores in it, the government should invest those sums in micro technology, solar and wind power. If it pursues the nuclear option, it would only be helping a dying, discredited industry. Copyright © 2005 Times Internet Limited. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 25 The Hindu: 4th reactor of Tarapore synchronised Monday, Jun 06, 2005 T.S. Subramanian Power generation to be stepped up to 270 MWe shortly + "Reactor's systems behaving perfectly" + Now generating 110 MWe of capacity 540 MWe + Eight more reactors under construction CHENNAI: The fourth nuclear power reactor of the Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS) in Maharashtra was synchronised to the State grid at 11.25 p.m. on Saturday. It was generating 110 MWe of its capacity of 540 MWe. In a day or two, its generation is expected to go up to 270 MWe. TAPS-4 is the largest power unit of any type in the country and it reached criticality on March 6 last year. TAPS is situated on the edge of the Arabian Sea near Tarapur in Thane district of Maharashtra. S.K. Jain, Chairman and Managing Director, Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), said from Mumbai that "the reactor's systems are behaving perfectly all right and we have got clearance from the AERB [Atomic Energy Regulatory Board] to go up to 50 per cent of the capacity." In other words, the AERB, which is entrusted with maintaining safety in nuclear power stations in the country, has authorised the NPCIL to raise the power generation of TAPS-4 to 270 MWe. "We have taken the machine to 110 MWe to see whether it has stabilised. In a day or two, we will go to 270 MWe. Then we will receive the results on the performance of the systems of the reactor, which will demonstrate the safety of the reactor," Mr. Jain said. The grid should not fail when the unit's power generation is stepped up to 270 MWe. The reactor will generate 270 MWe for a week. After the AERB gives its clearance, "we will slowly raise the power generation to the full power of 540 MWe," Mr. Jain said. Later, the unit would sell the electricity to other States. "All the systems of the reactor are behaving better than we expected. It shows the maturity of our Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRS)." TAPS-4 is a PHWR that uses natural uranium as fuel, and heavy water as both moderator and coolant. The Nuclear Fuel Complex in Hyderabad manufactures the fuel rods of natural uranium. There are several plants in the country which manufacture heavy water. The construction of the third reactor of the TAPS, which will also generate 540 MWe, is nearing completion. It will be commissioned early next year. TAPS-4 was commissioned ahead of TAPS-3. The original cost of construction of both was Rs. 8,000 crores but they were built at a cost of Rs. 6,000 crores. So the electricity generated from the two units, which was to be sold to States in the western region for Rs.3.50 a unit, would be sold at Rs. 2.65 a unit. While Maharashtra will receive the major share of power, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Goa, Daman and Diu will also receive electricity from TAPS-3 and 4. The Centre will also allot power to deficit States. Fifteen nuclear power reactors are operational in the country, which together generate about 3,270 MWe. Eight reactors are under construction. Copyright © 2005, The Hindu. Republication or redissemination of ***************************************************************** 26 RIA Novosti: Putin establishes September 28 as the Nuclear Power Industry Day MOSCOW, June 5 (RIA Novosti) - Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree On the Nuclear Power Industry Day, announced the Kremlin press service on Sunday. The decree establishes a new professional holiday - the Nuclear Industry Day set for September 28. The nuclear power industry in Russia is one of the key industries providing energy stability of the state. With the power production rate of more than 2% annually, the industry is facing the task of increasing the supply of electric power by 8 billion kWh per year and the supply of heat by up to 1.5 million Gcal per year. According to the Energy Strategy of Russia, even with a moderate development of the economy, the demand for electric power produced by nuclear power plants in 2020 will constitute not less than 230 billion kWh. The potential growth of electric power production at nuclear power plants is based on the development of the domestic nuclear power complex, which consists of a number of designer bureaus, the industry capable of supplying it with necessary equipment and materials, and a large group of professional experts. A year ago, the nuclear power industry in Russia celebrated its 50th anniversary. June 28, 2004, marked the 50th anniversary of the launch of the first nuclear power plant in the world, the Obninsk NPP (80 kilometers south-west of Moscow) © 2005 "RIA Novosti" ***************************************************************** 27 adn.com: Galena nuclear plan gets a boost Anchorage Daily News: Alaska's Newspaper POWER: Legislature OK'd money to study feasibility of an energy plant in Galena. By MATT VOLZ The Associated Press Published: June 4th, 2005 Last Modified: June 5th, 2005 at 02:39 JUNEAU -- Galena officials' idea to bring nuclear power to the residents of their isolated Yukon River community took a step forward when the state Legislature approved $500,000 as part of the capital budget to study the plan. City manager Marvin Yoder, in San Diego on Friday for the American Nuclear Society's annual meeting, said the state money will be used to conduct a series of 90-day studies to see whether it could work. "We think there are some real general questions to be answered before this can be considered for Alaska," Yoder said. "We are going to hire the right scientific people to answer these questions." Among the questions Galena and Toshiba Corp., the corporate backer developing the 10-megawatt plant, will attempt to answer are what would happen to the reactor core after its 30-year life, what the safety issues would be and what would be necessary to guard it, Yoder said. Critics previously have said they were not sure how nuclear reactors would be affected by the extreme climate of Alaska. Because of Galena's inaccessibility and the necessity to ship diesel fuel by barge, residents pay from 20 cents to $1 per kilowatt hour, while the national average is less than 9 cents. With nuclear power, residents could pay a third of what they now pay to power their homes, Yoder said. If it's feasible in Galena, nuclear power could be used to lower energy costs throughout rural Alaska, state lawmakers said. "Nuclear power is something folks might frown on, but it's self-contained," said House Speaker John Harris, R-Valdez. "It has a lot of potential for areas" that have high fuel costs. Harris and Senate President Ben Stevens, R-Anchorage, supported the studies and pushed to include the $500,000 appropriation in next year's capital budget. "The amount of money we spend on fuel in rural Alaska is staggering, and it gets more and more expensive every year," Stevens said. Many questions will have to be answered, Stevens said, such as how the plant would be regulated and what its security requirements would be. Several Democratic lawmakers, when contacted Friday, said they were unfamiliar with the proposal and declined to comment. Galena's representatives, Sen. Albert Kookesh, D-Angoon, and Rep. Woodie Salmon, D-Beaver, could not be reached Friday. The capital budget has yet to be transmitted to Gov. Frank Murkowski, but his staff already is reviewing the appropriations in it, said spokeswoman Becky Hultberg. She indicated Murkowski would not be inclined to veto the Galena study. "Governor Murkowski believes that affordable energy is critical to ensuring economic development in rural Alaska," she said. "He will be evaluating the Galena appropriation with that in mind." Yoder and Toshiba representatives are scheduled to hold a panel discussion on the proposal Monday at the American Nuclear Society meeting. He said all the key players will be at the meeting. By Tuesday, he said, "we'll have a real plan of attack on this." © Copyright 2005, The Anchorage Daily News, a subsidiary of The ***************************************************************** 28 PTI: Nuclear energy important component of India's energy basket - PM June 4, 2005 08:14:00 PM Mumbai, Jun 4 (PTI) Prime Minister Manmohan Singh today said nuclear energy is an important component of country's overall energy basket and "we can not allow energy constraints to retard our economic and social growth." "India would like to participate in all initiatives which will accelerate the use of atomic energy for providing greater energy security to a world, which is today faced with uncertain supplies or environmental consequences of unrestrained growth of traditional sources of energy," he said while addressing BARC scientists and engineers. Singh emphasised that "to ensure our energy securites in the future, we must recognise that nuclear energy is an important component as it is a clean energy." Singh, accompanied by National Security Advisor M K Narayanan and Minister of State Prithvi Raj, said "India's nuclear programme has reached global standards of excellence and our scientific and technological achievements have given us will and confidence to explore enhanced interactions and exchanges with the outside world." Emphasising that "artificial barriers and technology denial regimes are an anachronism in this age of globalisation and they must be progressively dismantled", he said, given our scientific credentials, we can add value to international efforts through cooperative endeavours. PTI © Copyright PTI 2003-2004 Sansui Software Pvt. Ltd. ***************************************************************** 29 AU ABC: Nuclear power a threat to Qld economy - Beattie. 05/06/2005. ABC News Online Queensland Premier Peter Beattie has rejected suggestions Australia may need to consider developing a nuclear power industry. Deputy Prime Minister John Anderson has reportedly called for debate on the issue, saying high emission coal-fired power stations are impacting on the environment. Mr Beattie says that with 300 years supply of coal in Queensland, the state's economy would be undermined if there were a move away from it. "The big challenge for us is to ensure that we develop clean coal technologies, which is what we are working on now," he said. "It's a gasification process - that's the answer to dealing with global warming, not nuclear power. "Why would you go down the road of bringing in another source of energy like nuclear power, which does have long-term problems and long-term risks?" © 2005 ABC| Privacy Policy ***************************************************************** 30 english.eastday.com: Nuclear safety lab set up 4/6/2005 9:13 Shanghai Daily news France and China have jointly established a laboratory in the city to study nuclear power generation safety, officials said yesterday at a seminar on nuclear energy for civilian use. The financial details were not disclosed, however. The country plans to nearly triple its nuclear generating capacity by 2020. "China considers France a very important partner to realize its advancement of nuclear generation technology," said Zheng Mingguang, vice president of Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute. Established in April, the Severe Accident Management Laboratory is co-run by the institute and the French Atomic Energy Commission. Zheng said laboratory researchers, including those from France, will concentrate on preventing potential radioactive risks. They will also try to resolve ways to safely remove residual heat - a by-product created during nuclear power generation, which if not treated properly could lead to pollution of underground water. Zheng said French researchers are expected to provide a computer database that will allow the calculation of potential risks in nuclear power generation. The nuclear generating system adopted by France is called the Europe Pressurized Reactor - which, depending on its four backup systems, can significantly improve the country's nuclear generating power safety level, scientists said. There are no nuclear reactors in the city, but some equipment and technologies needed to build them have been invented by local scientists, insiders said. According to a central government plan, China expects to almost triple its current nuclear power generation capacity. It hopes nuclear power will account for 4 percent of total power output by 2020. It is estimated the country needs 28 nuclear reactors to achieve the goal. The cost could exceed US$40 billion. France and the United States are the most competitive potential suppliers of nuclear reactors. By taking part in the laboratory project, France may improve its prospects of winning future contracts with China. ***************************************************************** 31 Bellona: Financial difficulties hinder repairs and upgrade of Russian strategic nuclear submarines Difficulties with the financing of defence orders hinder the upgrade program of the Delta-IV strategic nuclear submarines in Severodvinsk. 2005-06-03 20:22 The program originally stipulated to finish the repairs by 2007, but is likely to be postponed due to the unstable money transfers from the defence ministry, Interfax reported referring to a source at Zvezdochka shipyard. The sea trials of K-114 Tula submarine were scheduled for spring but delays with delivery of the new sonar system led to another postponement. Meanwhile the commander of the submarine prolonged the sponsorship agreement of city Tula for the submarine’s crew. The mayor of Tula promised to send working and sport clothes to the submariners as well as a minibus. In exchange, every year Tula submarine receives conscripts from the sister-city. The submarine commander also promised to invite representatives from Tula when the submarine is back in operation after the overhaul in October 2005. The upgrade of K-114 will allow the submarine to operate 10 years more. The project 667 Tula, Delta-IV, was built at the Sevmash plant in 1987 K-114 sub is one of the last Soviet built subs. Sevmash built it in 1987. Tula got its name in 1995 together with the sponsorship from the city of Tula. The biggest difficulties are with K-117 Bryansk, which is underfinanced and could be hardly finished even in 2007. K-18 Karelia, where president Putin drank seawater and became a submariner, also lacks financing. No repair works at all were carried out at the presidential Delta-IV. Earlier Zvezdochka shipyard has successfully repaired Verhoturye and Ekaterinburg, the subs of the same class, Interfax reported. Publisher: Bellona Foundation, President: Frederic Hauge Information: info@bellona.no, Technical contact: webmaster@bellona.no Telephone: +47 23 23 46 00 Telefax: +47 22 38 38 62 * P.O.Box 2141 Grunerlokka, 0505 Oslo, Norway ***************************************************************** 32 L.A. Daily News: Radiation detectors to protect ports Article Published: Saturday, June 04, 2005 - Homeland chief says three devices will be used to screen cargo containers By Felix Sanchez, Staff Writer SAN PEDRO — Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff said Friday that radiation detectors will be in place by January 2006 to help guard the ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles from nuclear weapons and so-called "dirty bombs." Chertoff, who spoke after touring the two ports by Coast Guard boat, said three detectors will help screen incoming cargo containers. "We can take the appropriate steps to intercept a threat," Chertoff said. "The ultimate objective is to get complete coverage of all our maritime ports … and airports." Although the new technology will fall short of offering "total protection," Chertoff added, "layers of technology and people (will) give us as close to 100 percent as is humanly possible." The L.A.-Long Beach ports, the nation's busiest, won't be the first to use anti-terrorism technology. The 20-foot high devices known as radiation portal monitors are in place in the harbors of Jersey City, N.J., and Oakland. More than 4.3 million cargo containers enter the ports of Long Beach and L.A. every year, and officials have long considered the giant boxes potential terrorist targets. The screeners, which cost $250,000 each and will be federally funded, take about five seconds to screen each container, officials said. "They basically detect radiation emitted from inside the containers, so they don't need to open the containers up," Chertoff said. "They can read inside the cargo without slowing up the process." He earlier met with emergency crews who are working in the aftermath of landslides in Laguna Beach and with Rep. Christopher Cox, R-Newport Beach, who was nominated this week to serve as chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission. During Friday's tour, Chertoff met with Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, U.S. Reps. Dana Rohrabacher, R-Huntington Beach, Jane Harman, D-El Segundo, Los Angeles Mayor-elect Antonio Villaraigosa and outgoing Mayor Jim Hahn. Under the plan for radiation screening at the ports, trucks carrying containers unloaded from ships will pass through the detectors. If the machines find signs of radiation, the container will get another scan and possibly inspection by hand-held devices to help identify how much and what kind of radiation is present. The machines look for plutonium and highly enriched uranium, according to federal officials. Union officials representing port workers criticized the measure, saying some cargo containers linger on the docks for hours or days before being placed onto trucks and might not be checked right away. "We think it's hypocritical that they don't screen it immediately after it's unloaded," said Miguel Lopez, port representative of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. "It puts everybody in jeopardy, not just the truckers," he said. Chertoff began his two-day Southern California visit Thursday by taking a first look at security measures at Los Angeles International Airport. He said passengers using LAX should feel "comfortable' with the security in place. The Associated Press and City News Service contributed to this report. Copyright © 2005 Los Angeles Daily News ***************************************************************** 33 [du-list] Fw: BBC File On 4 radio interview set on DU, will be Date: Sun, 05 Jun 2005 18:13:12 -0700 This excellent program on DU will be rebroadcast on 8 June Downloaded from www.bbc.co.uk/radio4 BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION RADIO 4 TRANSCRIPT OF "FILE ON 4" CURRENT AFFAIRS GROUP TRANSMISSION: Tuesday 3rd June 2003 2000 - 2040 REPEAT: Sunday 8th June 2003 1700 - 1740 REPORTER: Jenny Cuffe PRODUCER: Gregor Stewart EDITOR: David Ross PROGRAMME NUMBER: 03VY3022LHO THE ATTACHED TRANSCRIPT WAS TYPED FROM A RECORDING AND NOT COPIED FROM AN ORIGINAL SCRIPT. BECAUSE OF THE RISK OF MISHEARING AND THE DIFFICULTY IN SOME CASES OF IDENTIFYING INDIVIDUAL SPEAKERS, THE BBC CANNOT VOUCH FOR ITS COMPLETE ACCURACY. "FILE ON 4" Transmission: Tuesday 3rd June 2003 Repeat: Sunday 8th June 2003 Producer: Gregor Stewart Reporter: Jenny Cuffe Editor: David Ross EXTRACT FROM SIX O'CLOCK BBC TV NEWS BULLETIN, 28th May 2003 NEWSREADER: Well as Tony Blair was arriving in the Gulf, the helicopter carrier, HMS Ocean, was arriving home after its tour of duty in the region. Hundreds of wellwishers packed the jetty at Devonport naval base in Plymouth to welcome the crew back. CUFFE: Last week, another batch of troops returned from Iraq after a conflict which has once again shown the crushing superiority of American and British fire-power. The allies made extensive use of weapons containing depleted uranium - a toxic and radioactive material that's been the subject of heated controversy since its use in the first Gulf War. In File on 4, we report on new scientific research, which suggests it may be more harmful than the military is prepared to admit. Faced with increasing public concern, the MOD is offering a medical test to those who think they've been exposed to DU on the battlefield. But will the test provide the reassurance veterans seek? And who'll protect the people of Iraq and other recent theatres of war? SIGNATURE TUNE BEACH: Depleted uranium is a dense, tough, heavy metal which - for weapons purposes - is 20% better at penetrating an armoured target like a tank. CUFFE: General Sir Hugh Beach helped introduce depleted uranium, or DU, into the British armoury. BEACH: There is one other feature of depleted uranium, which in point of fact makes it extremely effective, and that is it is what is known as pyrophoric, which means to say that when it hits armour and goes through it, produces a cloud of particles which spontaneously ignite in the air and so you get a great heat flash which then of course, generally speaking, kills the people inside the tank anyway, which is an advantage. CUFFE: But the cloud of particles released on impact contain a hidden danger. Depleted uranium is radioactive as well as toxic - a by-product of the nuclear industry. And since its use in the first Gulf War of 1991, there's been growing concern that it could do long-term harm to those who breathe it in. In information published this year, the MOD sets out how troops will be protected from DU on the battlefield. It says: READER IN STUDIO: Appropriate safety instructions have been issued to those who have been deployed. CUFFE: 'The Safety Guidance and Procedures to UK Armed Forces and MOD Civilians' was produced by the MOD's Gulf Veterans' Illnesses Unit. It warns: READER IN STUDIO: The main DU hazard is inhalation of particulate material formed during a fire or explosion, or an impact or when DU is damaged. Anything which prevents particulate material being inhaled - for example wearing a respirator or dust mask - or redistributed - for example working in wet conditions - reduces the risk. CUFFE: But File On 4 has learned that some troops were never told about DU and never given any safety instructions. Alan Hopkins is recently back from Iraq where he served in Basra as a member of the Territorial Army. He was called up in February and underwent basic training with his platoon of 2nd Battalion Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. He says the risk from DU munitions didn't even get a mention. Out in the field, Alan Hopkins was in a team recovering Iraqi tanks that had come under fire. None of them was given any protective clothing. And when he questioned his commanding officers about this, he says they couldn't tell him what the official policy was. HOPKINS: When you start dragging the tanks out, there's a lot of dust getting kicked up, and the knowledge I did have of DU, I know that it itself is in a dust form. You know DU is getting used out there, you start to think, 'Well is this normal desert dust or DU dust?' This is where you start asking yourself the questions, then put it to your superiors, hopefully for them to find out. Unfortunately they didn't. There was four crews in my platoon. One of the crews was half way through dragging an Iraqi tank out when a German TV crew pulled up to them and said, 'You do realise we've just tested that for DU contamination?' Then they told them it was positive. And also a British medical colonel pulled up to one of the crews and started jumping up and down saying, 'Who's told you to move that? None of them have been cleared.' And yet this is halfway into our operation of clearing the Iraqi tanks. CUFFE: So how did the crews react to that news? HOPKINS: They were obviously very concerned and raised these points when they got back, and once again no information came back down apart from 'Put your name on the list and we'll get you tested when you get home.' CUFFE: It was only when he got back home that he realised what protection he should have got from the MOD. According to these safety guidelines, you should have been wearing a respirator or a dust mask. Were you at any time issued with those? HOPKINS: No, and the first time I saw those instructions was when I looked at the web site today. CUFFE: And it says that after work in a contaminated area, all your outer clothing should be stored in a plastic bag until laundering or disposal among non-radioactive waste. HOPKINS: Nothing happened like that at all, absolutely nothing. When I was getting de-mobilised, I requested to see a doctor and raised my concerns with him that I may have been contaminated with DU. Basically he didn't know what DU was when I mentioned it, it just says DU. And all he did was read out an A4 sheet of paper what the current policy was - you put your name on the list and you'll get tested as and when we get round to it. CUFFE: So how confident do you feel that you are being properly protected by the MOD? HOPKINS: I don't feel confident at all. They don't seem to show the sense of urgency that I would like when it's my health. Not happy at all. CUFFE: The Defence Minister responsible for veterans' affairs is Dr Lewis Moonie. How does he respond to Alan Hopkins' concerns? MOONIE: Anybody who was definitely going into situations where depleted uranium was either being used or had been fired will have been given the briefing and will know what to do. CUFFE: Well, he was a member of the Royal Mechanical and Electrical Engineers and he was clearing Iraqi tanks. MOONIE: Well, in that case I do not believe that he hasn't had the briefing. Everybody in that regiment has. CUFFE: So you dispute his word? MOONIE: I do dispute his word, yes. CUFFE: This is a soldier who has been out in the field. He says that at no time did he or any of the others get instructions about wearing protective clothing - in fact they didn't even have protective clothing to wear. MOONIE: I'm quite sure that if he wishes to raise this with the Ministry or with those responsible, the matter will be dealt with. Everybody, but everybody is given the briefing on how to deal with it. CUFFE: The lack of protection was an issue back in the first Gulf War but you'd think that after twelve years this would have been sorted out and there wouldn't be any disputes. MOONIE: As I have said to you, and at the risk of sounding boring, clear instructions have been given. They have been issued in writing to every soldier who's gone out there. Dust masks are available - if not, then they can use an even higher level of protection, which is the respirator mask, which every soldier has been issued with. There is no excuse for anybody going into an Iraqi tank which has been struck by depleted uranium, not properly protected. CUFFE: So should he take this matter up with you? MOONIE: He should certainly take it up with his superiors and I'll be taking it up with his regiment as well, to find out the truth of the matter. CUFFE: For the first time, the MOD is offering a test to anyone who's worried about exposure to depleted uranium. ACTUALITY ON AIR BASE CUFFE: Wattisham Air Base in Suffolk is home of the Army Air Corps and the 7 Air Assault Battalion of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. A thousand troops from this base were deployed in Iraq and many of them are now safely back home. Casualties were light, but experience from previous conflicts suggests there may be long-lasting effects. As well as confronting Saddam Hussein's forces, many of these men and women are likely to have been exposed to DU. CURRY: Captain Ballard? BALLARD: I've just recently got back from Iraq and before we left theatre we got a DU testing card, and I thought I'd come into the medical centre and ask if I can possibly have one of these tests. CUFFE: Captain Phil Ballard is leaving the army in a few weeks' time and he wants to be sure nothing about his service in the Gulf comes back to haunt him. BALLARD: We spent most of our time down in Southern Iraq in the Ramala oil fields. Due to my skills, I can speak Arabic, and I was used as an interpreter quite often. CUFFE: So why have you come for this test, and why are you interested particularly in depleted uranium? BALLARD: Out there I've been in the vicinity of some Iraqi vehicles possibly struck by DU ammunition. We'd go in and actually have a look at the Iraqi position that was destroyed. Quite often it would be a dug-in tank position or artillery position. Some were smouldering, some were just completely burnt out. I thought it best to come and get it checked out. CUFFE: The Captain's the first in his regiment to ask for the test, but his doctor Lieutenant Colonel Ian Curry says he's sure more will follow. CURRY: Depleted uranium is something you can't see, can't taste, can't feel, can't touch. I think there's a very rational fear of the unknown. None of them have been exposed by virtue of being hit by a DU munition. I would imagine that a good proportion of them would have been in the area where the possibility of DU rounds being used exists. So, taking a precautionary view, then one must assume that potentially most of them may have walked past a hulk that may have had DU used on it. It is possible that the majority of them will have been exposed. CUFFE: And what test are you offering exactly? CURRY: The test that I - via the MOD - is offering is a urine test for total body uranium. And if any soldier has an abnormally high level of total body uranium, then they will be called back for subsequent testing to assess the different amounts of the different isotopes or types of uranium that they have in their body. CUFFE: The MOD's announcement that returning troops would be tested was welcomed by Malcolm Hooper - professor of medicine at Sunderland University - who advises Gulf War veterans. He sits on the Government's DU Oversight Board, a committee of scientists and officials from the MoD and British Legion. But when Professor Hooper learned that the initial test was for uranium, and that only those showing high levels would be given a more sensitive test to identify depleted uranium, he was furious. In his view, there will be soldiers with potential contamination who'll be missed. HOOPER: I want the assurance that they're going to be looking at depleted uranium and not uranium on this false assumption that if uranium exposure is going to cause long-term damage then it will be only if there are high levels being excreted in the urine. That is a false assumption. It's an invalid assumption. Uranium testing is not going to discover depleted uranium. CUFFE: Our understanding is that the Ministry of Defence is setting a threshold, so they're testing for uranium. If there is a quantity that is above a certain threshold then they will go on and look for depleted uranium. HOOPER: Yes. CUFFE: Is that not a perfectly legitimate and cost-effective approach? HOOPER: It's not an approach that's valid scientifically. If we're concerned about depleted uranium, you have to measure depleted uranium. So any idea of a cutoff point is really just sticking your finger in the air and thinking of a number. And it's not good enough. It's just avoiding doing good science, and I think we need to do good science. CUFFE: Professor Hooper is at odds with Defence Minister Lewis Moonie. MOONIE: Well, I'm afraid that this is scientific illiteracy. There is no difference chemically whatsoever between depleted uranium and ordinary uranium. Ask any competent scientist in the country and they will tell you that. CUFFE: Does that mean that you've put incompetent scientists on your DU Oversight Board? MOONIE: I have put representatives of the veterans and various veterans' committees on who are not scientists and who frankly from what you've said just now don't know what they're talking about. I've said this to them repeatedly, time and time again. There is no difference chemically between the two. If you test for uranium in the first instance as a gross test, you're testing also for depleted uranium. If the gross test for uranium is positive then you can do the isotope tests that you need for depleted uranium afterwards. CUFFE: But with so much controversy around the levels of exposure, wouldn't it be better just to test straightaway for depleted uranium, and then you'd finish the arguments once and for all? MOONIE: I doubt very much if we'd finish the arguments once and for all: you're talking about people who are arguing for the sake of it now. If anybody is exposed to uranium in such a way as to produce physical effects then it will show up in the tests that we're offering them. CUFFE: But it's not quite as clear-cut as the Minister suggests. Among scientists on the DU Oversight Board, there's heated debate about the level of radiation exposure needed to cause harm. On impact, a DU shell sends microscopic ceramic particles into the air. These are insoluble and can lodge in body tissue, especially in the lungs, where they continue emitting low-level radiation for years to come. Professor Hooper's argument is that you don't need many of them to suffer irreparable damage, and people who've been contaminated won't necessarily have high quantities in their urine. He wants a broad range of military personnel to be tested - not just volunteers worried by maximum exposure. HOOPER: In the Minister's words, I don't see how he can make any sweeping assertion that if you are not excreting large quantities of uranium, you're not at risk and we don't need to look for depleted uranium. That is a statement that is not valid and is being challenged within the Board very actively. The debate has been about who will be exposed to depleted uranium? The answer is that we don't really know, because you can't make statements about the possibility of contamination, particularly with the very tiny particles, very fine particles of depleted uranium dust which blow about all over the place, so that anybody could be contaminated. It's a lottery. CUFFE: The DU Oversight Board includes members of the MOD and you would think that there was a full and frank discussion between you about what was now taking place. HOOPER: Well this is what has disappointed me particularly. We've actually established all the ground rules and we had in fact come to a place of considerable agreement about how to go ahead. But if we don't do that we're going to be in serious trouble and we'll just be back to a dogfight about the meaning of the data and the quality of the data - things that we've already taken care of. CUFFE: One certainty in the mist of scientific argument is that there's a lot we don't know about depleted uranium. Professor Brian Spratt sits on the Oversight Board, but he's also chair of the Royal Society's DU Working Party. They've looked at all the research so far and decided that there's an increased risk of lung cancer, but only for those who've been exposed to high levels. But Professor Spratt says more work needs to be done. SPRATT: We've also been pushing the MOD to try and do a rather broader survey of soldiers on the battlefield to try and get a much better idea of the intakes of DU that occur across the battlefield, because we really need that information to understand about exposures to DU on the battlefield. And I think they are listening to us. CUFFE: Listening, but they haven't agreed to take action? SPRATT: I'm getting positive noises that they may take, say, a tank regiment who are likely to have some of the heaviest exposures and may do some DU tests on those. CUFFE: And is the MOD sharing its methodology with you? SPRATT: We have had some views on the tests that they're going to do, but we haven't heard in any great detail. CUFFE: Internationally, there's growing concern about depleted uranium, as veterans from previous conflicts report mystery illnesses. Two years ago, several European leaders called on NATO to remove DU from its arsenal, after it was reported that eight Italian peacekeepers in the Balkans had since died from leukaemia. The US government tried to reassure them by pointing to a study of about 60 veterans of the first Gulf War who'd been wounded with DU shrapnel and whose health was being monitored. EXTRACT FROM US PILOT ACTUALITY ON TEN O'CLOCK BBC TV NEWS BULLETIN 21st August 2002 MAN 1: . just killed a bunch of people you know. MAN 2: Yeah, but we don't know which ones they are. MAN 3: Friendlies, they were US people. CUFFE: 104 US soldiers were inside vehicles when they were struck by DU shells in so called friendly fire. There's no greater exposure to DU than that. One of them was Jerry Wheat from New Mexico. WHEAT: I was a scout for 47 . out of the Third Armoured Division. In March of 91 we went up against the Terracotta division of the Republican Guard, and my vehicle was hit with a tank round. It had knocked me out, it had knocked my helmet off, and when I came to, the vehicle was filled with smoke, my body was kind of burning up because it had blown a fireball when the round had penetrated. And after taking off again, the vehicle was struck again with another round. And when the second round went through, I was hit with about 25 pieces of shrapnel. So I had shrapnel in my head, second and third degree burns, and then shrapnel all down my back. CUFFE: After being patched up in the field hospital, he was sent back to the battlefield. WHEAT: When I did return back to my unit, my vehicle still ran so I was still driving that vehicle for a good three, four days afterwards. All the gear was covered with almost like a talcum powder. I pretty much lived in that vehicle for those three, four days - ate off that vehicle, I slept in that vehicle, I inhaled the dust. We had no idea that we could have been exposed to DU. CUFFE: Jerry Wheat only discovered that it was DU when his father, a Los Alamos lab technician, removed one of the pieces of shrapnel. Since then his health has been regularly monitored by the US Department of Veterans' Affairs, as part of its research study. But according to Dan Fahey, a legal expert who advises US veterans, the study's findings havebeen deliberately misrepresented by the US Government. FAHEY: Perhaps the most disturbing aspect of the US study is that Pentagon spokesmen have actually lied about the health of veterans in the study and have claimed falsely that there have been no cancer cases, and most recently that there have been no tumours among the veterans in the study. Now in 2001, when there was a large controversy in Europe over the use of depleted uranium in the Balkans, Dr Kilpatrick, who is the Pentagon's main spokesman on depleted uranium issues, was sent to Europe and he gave a press briefing in Brussels at which he stated very clearly, 'We have seen no cancers among the veterans in our study,' and he therefore used that assertion to claim to the press in Europe that if we haven't seen cancers among our vets, then there's nothing really for you to worry about. But we now know that there had, in fact, been a cancer case among those veterans. More recently there has been a story coming out of Baghdad in which a US military medical doctor has claimed there have been no tumours, and in fact I know there's been a tumour because at least one veteran who has had a tumour is a friend of mine, and he's been in a study since 1993, so sometimes they lie and other times they're very carefully choosing their words. But the overall theme that's coming out is that the Department of Defence is willing to misrepresent the health of veterans in the United States study in order to achieve a political goal of downplaying public concern about depleted uranium weapons. CUFFE: The veteran whose tumour was not reported in the study was Jerry Wheat. WHEAT: I had a tumour that had developed in my left arm, and when they removed it I had asked that it was to be sent to the lab in Canada so that I could get a second opinion on it, but that didn't happen because they got rid of it. Then they're saying that the tumour could have been there since birth and it wasn't related to anything, in any way related to the depleted uranium. CUFFE: Couldn't you have got that tumour earlier, as they suggested? WHEAT: It didn't start bothering me until four years after the Gulf War, which is about the time it would have taken to develop. If they would have sent the tumour off to a private lab like I had asked, I would have known for sure. CUFFE: He's now worried about a pain in his right arm and is having further medical tests. Dr Michael Kilpatrick is the Pentagon's spokesman on DU, who was sent to reassure European leaders. He now concedes that some of the veterans have had health problems. You've said that there have been no cancers among the veterans in that study. It's also been reported that there are no tumours. Is that still the case? KILPATRICK: Well, no. Dr McDermott in late 2002 in a report described one of her new arrivals into the study as having Hodgkin's Lymphoma. There is now one in her series who were involved in friendly fire who has a cancer, a Hodgkin's Lymphoma. CUFFE: It's also been said that there have been no tumours, but in actual fact we have spoken to a veteran in the study who has developed a bone tumour. KILPATRICK: The word tumour is one from a medical standpoint that means any sort of growth, and that could be anything from a fatty lipoma to a cancer, and one would expect that there would be incidences of cancers over time in any population that you follow. We believe that it is important to follow them over time, because we just don't have enough in the medical literature to be able to have any conclusion of is there a health effect. CUFFE: So really it's too soon for people to be drawing any conclusions from your shrapnel study about the potential health effects of DU? KILPATRICK: Well, I think that from that study, when we do not see any really large number of any sort of medical condition, that is comforting, but it is not something that you can say we can close our mind and close the book on depleted uranium. We must keep an open mind and continue to follow these individuals over time. CUFFE: It is not just the US military who have relied on the shrapnel study to support their contention that no veteran has suffered serious ill health as a result of DU radiation. The Royal Society quotes it. So too does the MOD's chief medical adviser, Sir Keith O'Nions. O'NIONS: There are no clear health effects that are attributable to depleted uranium, even within the US set of those individuals that have uranium shrapnel embedded in their bodies. That is getting fairly close to facts, which are extremely important.That's really what we're trying to get at. CUFFE: That shrapnel study in the US looked at only sixty veterans. It says that there are no cancers as a result, and yet in fact there are two cases of ill health that could be attributed to depleted uranium. O'NIONS: Well, I think the details of the tests and the observations on American veterans is up to the US to talk to you about. CUFFE: Well of course, but I mean you draw on it as part of your approach to depleted uranium and your understanding of depleted uranium, and therefore obviously it is important that we get the facts straight about it. O'NIONS: I mean, I'm simply unable - not only unable, unwilling - to comment on the details of that because I don't have the details of those things in front of me. CUFFE: But if you, in a sense, rely on that study, aren't you worried that perhaps its credibility has been thrown into question? O'NIONS: Well we rely on a very large number of studies, and we rely very greatly on independent assessments of a very large amount of data. CUFFE: Both the MOD and the US Department of Defence have consistently said that there's no reliable evidence linking health effects to depleted uranium. But important new research funded by the US Government shows for the first time how DU might cause cancer. It was carried out by Dr Alexandra Miller of the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute in Maryland. She has found direct evidence that radiation from DU damages chromosomes within cells, and that the radiological and toxic effects of DU may combine to cause cancer. MILLER: What I wanted to find out is whether or not the exposure to the cells from depleted uranium would lead the cells to exhibit what's called genomic instability.Now genomic instability is a persistent and transmissible instability from a cell that was irradiated to future generations of offspring cells that are not irradiated or not exposed to the initial metal or the radiation. And the finding was that we could induce this type of instability in the offspring cells. CUFFE: Does that mean that the cell is damaged in some way, and does that equate to cancer? MILLER: The data, in other model systems, in vivo and in human studies, has not yet shown that there is a direct link between genomic instability and carcinogenesis or cancer development. There is within the scientific community theories that genomic instability in general is associated with recarcinogenesis stages. In theory there is a link between instability and the process of carcinogenesis. CUFFE: Dr Miller's research was a test tube study, but a German scientist has been examining blood taken from sixteen war veterans and a civilian control group. The veterans' chromosomes showed a significant increase in particular aberrations associated with exposure to ionising radiation. ACTUALITY OF JUSTIN HARVEY WITH HIS FIANCEE HARVEY: Is there 53 of these? FIANCEE: Yes, I think so. CUFFE: One of the veterans in the study is Justin Harvey, now 31 and getting married in two weeks time. Sorting out the guests' buttonholes is a welcome distraction from his ailments. HARVEY: That's one job less for the wedding day, isn't it? FIANCEE: And you've paid for it, haven't you? HARVEY: Yes, it's all paid for now. CUFFE: Justin was 18 when he served in the Royal Armoured Corps in the Gulf. He was in the reconnaissance unit, identifying enemy positions and bringing down air strikes or artillery, moving in and out of areas where tanks were still smouldering. Back home he became so ill he had to be pensioned out of the army, and he now suffers from osteoporosis, a bone condition normally associated with older people. His generation of veterans have been left to find out for themselves if they've been contaminated with DU. HARVEY: Out of sheer frustration, myself and other veterans, we instigated going abroad and getting tests done, because the MOD weren't interested in doing any testing at that time. CUFFE: So you sent away to the Canadian laboratory, and it said? HARVEY: That I'd actually been internally contaminated with depleted uranium, and I agreed to travel to Berlin and another test was done. The test came back with chromosomal aberrations, which I understand is damage at a cellular level. It could lead to further health problems. There is some concern about the prospect of having children. That could well be affected by my service in the Gulf. CUFFE: The scientist who carried out the research is Albrecht Schott of the World Depleted Uranium Centre in Berlin. Although it's only a pilot study and needs to be extended, he says it raises concerns about the long term health effects of those who've been exposed to DU. SCHOTT: The alpha radiation breaks the chromosomes and sometimes the cell makes mistakes in repairing, and so you get false chromosomes. CUFFE: What is the long term effect of those? SCHOTT: The chromosomes are the genetic substance. The uranium also damages sperm and eggs and this leads to the congenital damage to babies. CUFFE: If exposure leads to congenital abnormalities and cancers, you'd expect to be seeing that now, twelve years from the first Gulf War. The MOD points to an epidemiological study of mortality and morbidity rates among a sample of veterans compared to a control group, which shows no overall increase in cancer. But Malcolm Hooper, Professor of Medicine at Sunderland University, says the published research requires closer scrutiny. HOOPER: The only handle we've got on the health of Gulf War veterans from the centre is a cancer registry, and the mortality studies have shown that overall, between the comparison group of soldiers who didn't go and those who did, that the mortality rates are roughly comparable. But if you start breaking down the figures, you begin to find some very important differences. The cancer rates in both groups are similar. But when you look at the type of cancer, you come up with things like, in the Gulf War veterans a significant excess of lymphomas, which is what you'd expect from radiation, and we know that lymphoma is associated with this because we have a study on the Italian Cohort of Peacemakers in Kosovo who have come back with something like eight times the rate of lymphoma of their comparison group. The mortality figures on their own can be easily used to make a case that all is well, there's nothing particularly different. When you start looking at the detail you begin to see that there are significant things that are different, and the mortality is just a gross figure and it's got to be unpacked to get key information about what's going on in the health of these guys. CUFFE: The study, published in Hansard in July last year, showed that between 1991 and 2002, 14 Gulf veterans died from cancer of the bone, compared to 8 in the control group, and 19 died from lymphatic cancers, compared to 11 controls. But Sir Keith O'Nions, the MOD's chief medical officer, insists that it's the total cancer rate that's important. O'NIONS: The overall conclusion from the Royal Society concerning that study and a variety of other studies is that there is no clear excess of cancers related to exposure to depleted uranium. CUFFE: And yet it ignores the findings that there is an increase in cancers involving the lymph system and the bone. O'NIONS: I don't think it's ignoring anything. It's basically taking into account all of the conclusions and claims that have been reached and putting their peer scientific judgement as to what are the clear statements that can confidently be made on the basis of it. That's rather different from just saying things that you could say that might be true. I think it's the job of independent peer groups to tell the public what you can say confidently on the basis of the research that's taken place, and their views are quite clear. CUFFE: And can't you confidently say on the basis of that research that there is an increase in malignancy of the lymph and lymphatic system and the bone? O'NIONS: There is no clear correlation between exposure to DU and those excesses of those cancers. That's clear in the epidemiological studies and the view of the Royal Society. EXTRACT FROM 10 o'clock NEWS ON BBC TV, 21st March 2003 REPORTER: It was shocking and it was awesome. Tonight, this new phase of the air war smashed into the heart of Baghdad. CUFFE: Cities like Baghdad and Basra are now littered with the debris of war, and internationally there's growing concern about the safety of civilians. After the first Gulf War, doctors in the south of the country reported an alarming increase in cancers and children born with abnormalities, though the US and British governments have dismissed any link to DU. Alan Hopkins, the TA soldier now home from service in Basra, thinks the people of Iraq need protection. HOPKINS: A lot of the tanks were placed in civilian locations by the Iraqis, greatening the risk of contamination to the local population as well. You see a lot of the small children out there, they're very innocent, they go climbing over anything and touching things, as British children do. There's got to be future risk there as well for them. CUFFE: And when you say those tanks are in civilian areas, I mean, how close to houses? HOPKINS: You're looking 10, 15 metres some of them, sort of parked in someone's driveway. Very very close. CUFFE: The UN says protecting the Iraqi population from accidental exposure to DU should be a priority, but first it needs information from the allies about where the munitions were used. Professor Brian Spratt of the Royal Society is also calling for action. SPRATT: We're very concerned, and so is the United Nations' environmental programme, that DU penetrators should not be left lying around, particularly in residential areas, and there should be clean up. That's one thing that needs to be done. CUFFE: And as far as you know, are there any plans to do that? SPRATT: The answer to that is we don't really know. We believe from talks with the MOD that they have sealed off the tanks in the areas where they control, but we have at the moment no indications that the Americans are going to give us the data on where DU was used, and particularly important, where it was used in residential areas where mothers, children as well as soldiers might be exposed. CUFFE: The Pentagon spokesman, Michael Kilpatrick, says he can't give any information yet about the amount of depleted uranium that was used or where it fell. KILPATRICK: We certainly do agree with the United Nations' environmental programme that it is very important to get in and to be able to assess what are the health risks. We do agree with the United Nations that picking up any of the penetrators that are on the surface of the ground is important. CUFFE: It's essential to know where they are. The UN is wanting to go in and look at those areas and seal them off. When will you give them the information that's needed? KILPATRICK: Well again, I think that this is going to be very dependent on the situation and the war and when we are able to safely have people come in to do that, it'll be important. Where depleted uranium was used has been recorded and will be made available. CUFFE: But why can't you do that now? You don't need to be safe on the ground, surely, in order to give that information to the UN? KILPATRICK: Well again, this is more than just a Department of Defence interaction, and it certainly is an interaction with the United States and the United Nations, and that process is underway, there are dialogues and discussions being held as we are sitting here talking. CUFFE: After the conflict in Kosovo, it took the UN 18 months to get NATO to say where they'd used DU weapons. It was too late then to cordon off areas and protect civilians, but it meant they could monitor the soil and ground water. They detected radioactivity, but said the only serious risk was if people got contaminated soil on their hands and then transferred it to their mouth. The European Parliament has called for a moratorium on the use of depleted uranium munitions. A UN sub-commission on human rights has declared them illegal because they cause indiscriminate harm. But Britain's Defence Minister, Lewis Moonie, is adamant they're the best weapons for the job. MOONIE: There is no question of these weapons being illegal, nor has that ever been suggested to my knowledge by the UN or by anybody else. We will carry on using depleted uranium until we have an effective alternative. The purpose of using a weapon like this is to ensure that the enemy are killed and destroyed and our people are not, and that is my primary duty as a Defence Minister. CUFFE: The UN sub-commission on human rights has suggested that these weapons are illegal because they cause indiscriminate suffering. MOONIE: I'm afraid this is again, you're talking about scientific illiterates here. They do not cause indiscriminate suffering. They knock a hole in a tank, they kill or injure the crew inside, and they prevent that tank from destroying our own. I will use a weapon like this, to which there are no legal objections whatsoever, and I will use it whenever possible to ensure that my people exit battle as far as possible unscathed. CUFFE: While the government continues to hold firm, the latest scientific research does raise further questions about the safety of DU. This conflict in Iraq presents an opportunity for more detailed study. But the controversy over the MOD's tests and the Pentagon's delay in giving information about where the munitions were used won't reassure those looking for definitive answers. SIGNATURE TUNE ------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor --------------------~--> In low income neighborhoods, 84% do not own computers. At Network for Good, help bridge the Digital Divide! http://us.click.yahoo.com/EA3HyD/3MnJAA/79vVAA/FGYolB/TM --------------------------------------------------------------------~-> To unsubscribe from this groups send a message to du-list-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com. In the body of the message type unsubscribe and send. Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/du-list/ <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: du-list-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com <*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ ***************************************************************** 34 Deseret News: Southern Utah cancer clinic aiding downwinders [deseretnews.com] Sunday, June 5, 2005 Screenings offered to those exposed to nuclear testing By Nancy Perkins Deseret Morning News ST. GEORGE — Oncology nurse Becky Barlow knows the numbers by heart, and they aren't pretty. Among the cancer facts she has memorized are the estimated 40,000 area residents exposed to radiation from above-ground nuclear weapons tests at the Nevada Test Site during the 1950s and 1960s. Another fact: About 8,000 local residents have received information about the federal government's Radiation Exposure Compensation Act, with RECA applications provided to about 440 people. As director of the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program at Dixie Regional Medical Center, Barlow keeps the tallies many people don't want to talk about. Since opening the RESEP clinic on March 10, 2004, Barlow said 878 patients have been seen. Two-thirds of them have been referred for follow-up visits or for further screenings, she said. A clinic at Valley View Medical Center in Cedar City is also accepting appointments. "The most commonly discovered cancers diagnosed at the clinic are breast, prostate, skin and precancerous polyps in the colon," said Barlow, who is a firm believer in the clinic's push for early detection. "We are glad to have had such a great response and want to hammer home the point that when dealing with cancer, early detection is the key," she said, pointing out there are some good numbers hidden among the bad. Several dozen people showed up to a public meeting at the hospital this past week to learn more about the RESEP clinic and to hear from Rep. Jim Matheson, D-Utah, about his efforts to stop the push toward resumed nuclear weapons tests. "These new nuclear weapons are designed to be offensive, to be used in the early stages of a conflict," Matheson said during a question-and-answer period. "I think we can go after those deeply embedded bunkers without using nuclear weapons." Those attending the meeting couldn't agree more. A tearful Michelle Thomas thanked Matheson for his stance against renewed nuclear tests. "I've been to Washington, D.C., before and I find there are people there who kind of wish these downwinders would just fly off this planet and go away," said Thomas. "That way they could do whatever they want to do. I'm so grateful to this congressman. He has never turned his back on us once, not ever." Several people said the federal government knew at the time of the nuclear tests that the bombs would release radiation into the air. "My husband gathered milk samples for the government after each test. He died of lymphoma," said one woman. "I think that's another indication that people knew something was up." Another woman said she attended the University of Utah in 1963 and she frequently saw "do not drink the milk" notices posted. Numerous studies have proved that radiation fallout spreads globally, Matheson said. "I commissioned a study on fallout, and it turns out that some counties had more fallout than Washington County," he said. "I think the government should admit fault. If it involves a heavily populated county, so be it." Compensation under RECA is limited to five different categories of claimants, according to an information pamphlet. Uranium miners, uranium millers, ore transporters, downwinders and on-site participants qualify if they lived in an affected area during a specific point in time. The RESEP clinic provides education and medical screenings of those who were exposed, Barlow said. "Whether they come to RESEP or to their own primary care physician for these yearly cancer screenings, the important thing is that they go somewhere, " she said. "Downwinder patients are at a higher risk for certain cancers. They can't change the exposure risk, but they can be proactive about screening and early detection. This does save lives." To learn more about the RESEP clinics in St. George or Cedar City, or to find out more about RECA, call the clinic at 435-688-5990. E-mail: nperkins@desnews.com © 2005 Deseret News Publishing Company ***************************************************************** 35 Quincy Herald-Whig: Cancer Hot Spots Sunday, June 5, 2005 Leiwstown's Bill TenEyck, right, battled colon cancer in 1975. Seventeen years later, he was diagnosed with skin cancer. Just this past December he was diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma, a tumor of smooth muscle that invaded the bone in his left leg. Dr. Gene Childress practices medicine in Lewistown and believes radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons testing in Nevada from 1951 to 1962 could be the culprit for the high number of cancer cases, like TenEyck, in Northeast Missouri. LEWISTOWN, Mo. — Bill TenEyck is battling cancer for the third time. First, in 1975, it was colon cancer. Seventeen years later, he was diagnosed with a form of skin cancer. He learned this past December he had leiomyosarcoma, a tumor of smooth muscle that invaded the bone in his left leg. "It's slowed things down. I can't do much," says TenEyck, 56, a former industrial arts teacher who would much rather be hunting or fishing than sitting idly in his Lewistown home. "I'm just hoping it did some good," he says of his radiation and chemotherapy treatments. TenEyck talks matter-of-factly about his cancer. Perhaps it's because the disease is all too familiar to him, and not just because he's gone through treatments three times. Cancer seems to run in the family. Both parents, his sister and aunt all had cancer, and each one of them battled different types of the disease. TenEyck doesn't think much about why so many of his family members have been diagnosed with cancer, or why so many other people he knows in Northeast Missouri have had cancer. However, Dr. Gene Childress has a theory. Childress, who practices at Quincy Medical Group's Lewistown affiliate, believes radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons testing in Nevada from 1951 to 1962 could be the culprit. "I'm not saying I'm right ... but prove me wrong," Childress says. "We have an inordinate number of cancers for a reason." Map shows fallout patterns. Hot spots in Knox, Lewis counties Childress has been trying to determine the reason for the area's high cancer rates for decades. He particularly has noted high rates of colorectal and breast cancer in his practice. About 10 years ago, he began communicating with Richard Miller, who has done extensive research about nuclear fallout and the potential cancer link. In 2000, Miller published "The U.S. Atlas of Nuclear Fallout 1951-1962," which strengthened Childress' belief that a link between fallout and cancer exists across the nation. The atlas correlates fallout levels with cancer levels, county by county across the U.S. Miller's research shows hot spots were all across the country, not only for iodine-131, which is linked to thyroid cancer, but for a variety of other radionuclides and radioisotopes associated with fallout. In a letter to Childress in 2001, Miller said that Knox and Lewis counties — as well as much of northern Missouri — were exposed to significant levels of nuclear fallout in 1952 and 1962. Miller's book shows that Knox and Lewis counties received more fallout than any other county in the nation after a June 1, 1952, nuclear weapons test called Tumbler-Snapper George. The atlas says the blast deposited fallout on 2,937 counties, 95 percent of the total counties in the U.S., ranking it third among the above ground tests for widespread fallout. In addition to Knox and Lewis, other Northeast Missouri counties also were ranked fairly high on the list regarding fallout from that blast, as was Adams County in Illinois. How could the nuclear debris travel that far? "When a bomb explodes, it has a mushroom effect," Childress said, adding that the path of the debris from the blast depends on weather conditions. Wind can carry the debris, and when it rains the debris goes directly into the ground. "That contaminates the food chain," he said. "The cows eat the grass, and we drink the milk." People also could have eaten vegetables from their gardens that were contaminated by the radioactive fallout. "I want the populace to know if you resided in this area from 1951 to 1962, ignore the existing guidelines for screening and screen earlier," Childress said. He says individuals whose parents lived in the nuclear fallout hot spots also should consider being screened for cancers earlier than guidelines advise because of the potential for a genetic defect to be passed on to children. For example, Childress says he has treated a 56-year old man and his 54-year-old wife, who both would have been children in Lewis County during the nuclear testing. The man had to have his thyroid removed, and his wife has a thyroid goiter. Their 25-year-old daughter also had to have her thyroid removed, and their youngest daughter has thyroid disease. "I believe fallout to be the factor," Childress said. Doctors urge caution Diane Lay, administrator at the Lewis County Health Department, doesn't feel comfortable speculating about causes of cancer in the county, but appreciates Childress' efforts. "I don't have any theories personally," she said. "I'm glad we've got someone in our community looking into it. If we ever get to a cause, it would be valuable information. It breaks your heart when you deal with all the cancer patients in the area." The National Cancer Institute in August 1997 released a two-volume report about radioactive fallout, particularly regarding iodine-131, or I-131, which accumulates in the thyroid gland. The thyroid, in the front of the neck just above the top of the breastbone and overlying the windpipe, controls many body processes, including heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature, as well as childhood growth and development. The report said that people exposed to I-131 during the nuclear tests in Nevada, especially children, may have an increased risk of thyroid disease, including thyroid cancer. Bonnie Kleissle, administrative director of the Cancer Center at Blessing Hospital in Quincy, Ill., pays particular attention to the word "may" in the report. "Although I highly respect Dr. Childress' research regarding this, the NCI urges caution in interpreting the results from any of these studies. Yes, this could cause cancer in people. But there's no conclusive study to guarantee to say that is the only cause," she said. Kleissle points to heredity, viruses and bacteria, and chemicals as other potential causes of cancer. "There are a lot of carcinogens in the workplace today," she said. The NCI report stresses that the potential of developing thyroid cancer from exposure to I-131 is small, but "it is important for Americans who grew up during the atomic bomb testing ... to be aware of risks." The report says that those who lived in heavy fallout areas, especially children who drank large quantities of milk, might have received higher doses of I-131. Children were more likely to drink larger amounts of milk than adults, and their thyroid glands were smaller. Kleissle says that I-131 has a short half-life, so less than 1 percent remained 80 days after most nuclear tests. The NCI says exposure to the released I-131 occurred primarily during the first two months after a test. The NCI provides extensive information about I-131 radiation exposure on its Web site, www.cancer.gov/i131. The site includes a calculator that assesses a person's exposure to I-131 depending on their age, county of residence and milk consumption patterns, and gives an estimated risk of developing thyroid cancer. "Thyroid cancer is relatively uncommon compared to other forms of cancer," Kleissle says. "It accounts for just 1.6 percent of all cancers diagnosed in the U.S. It occurs more than twice as often in women than men." The disease is a slow-growing cancer that is highly treatable. Kleissle urges anyone who is concerned about potential fallout exposure to see a health professional and get a thyroid screening. Assessing the evidence Childress realizes no scientific study backs up a link between fallout and cancer, but he is convinced nonetheless. He traveled to Salt Lake City on July 29, 2004, to testify in front a scientific panel from the National Academies, Division on Earth and Life Studies, based in Washington, D.C. The panel convened to assess the evidence associating radiation exposure with cancers or other impacts on human health. "Having patients from surrounding counties in my practice, the question was raised as to why, with the same geographic terrain, population, agricultural industry and social habits, Lewis County remained with a disproportionate number of cancer victims relative to the state and immediate neighboring counties," Childress told the panel. Data from the Missouri Cancer Registry show that the rate of all cancers from 1996 to 2000 was 598 per 100,000 population in Lewis County, compared to 470.7 per 100,000 statewide. Colorectal cancer rates in Lewis County during that time period were 88.5 per 100,000, compared to just 58.6 per 100,000 statewide. Childress also points to statistics from the cancer registry at the Cancer Center at Blessing Hospital, which shows 68 cancer patients were from Knox County between 1985 and 2002, while 195 cases were from Clark County and 819 were from Lewis County. "That certainly did not capture all cases, but it did provide me with enough immediate information to investigate further," Childress said. "I don't think it can be ignored." He dismisses other potential factors such as chemical or agriculture exposures, or behaviors such as smoking and drinking, because studies show those factors are about the same for all Northeast Missouri counties. "The only variable is the fallout," Childress said. Miller, who also addressed the panel in Salt Lake City, said Iowa and Missouri are among the hottest fallout states in the nation and specifically mentioned Lewis and Knox counties in testimony. He encourages more research. "It is time we carefully evaluate the fallout deposition history not only in Utah, but also in the rest of the country," he told the panel. "It would give us a unique big-picture view of an interesting period of our nation's history and could possibly shed light on the etiologies of some unusual cancers seen in the fallout zones — such as soft tissue sarcomas. "However," he continued, "the greatest contribution would be that of identifying and understanding some of the risk factors associated with our American population — a function that would allow physicians such as Dr. Childress to properly assess risk profiles in patients and thus aid in their practice of preventive medicine." Childress says too many of his patients have lost their lives to cancer, and he wants to do all he can to detect future cases in their earliest stages through screening. "All I ask for is we notify the individuals they need to screen for cancer sooner than the guidelines for the rest of the country," he said. "Let's put an extra step of precaution in there." Childress also worries that the Bush administration is considering starting nuclear testing again. During last summer's hearing in Salt Lake City, "the crowd was hostile," Childress said. "Everybody there was either a victim or a family member of a victim or a scientist who is adamant we stop testing." It would be a shame, he says, to repeat the mistakes of the past. Contact Staff Writer Kelly Wilson at kwilson@whig.com or (217) 221-3391 ©2003-2005 The Quincy Herald-Whig ***************************************************************** 36 adn.com: Comp checks cut for Amchitka workers Anchorage Daily News: Alaska's Newspaper CLAIMS: Sen. Lisa Murkowski pushed effort to aid ill atomic laborers. By DON HUNTER Published: June 4th, 2005 Last Modified: June 5th, 2005 at 02:39 AM The checks are in the mail, finally. That's the word from U.S. Sen. Lisa Murkowski this week to more than 260 former Amchitka atomic workers or their survivors. In a press conference at her Anchorage office Wednesday, Murkowski said 296 of 614 nuclear workers' compensation claims received so far have been approved by the U.S. Department of Labor. Awards to 267 of the successful claimants -- totaling $28.8 million -- should be landing in mailboxes soon, she said. Murkowski was a supporter of legislation last year that shifted the responsibility for processing the atomic workers' claims from the U.S. Department of Energy to the Labor Department. The same legislation made the federal government responsible for paying atomic workers' compensation claims; formerly, agencies had to find a contractor that had employed workers during the atomic testing era to be a "willing payer" for the claims. Amchitka Island, in the Aleutian Chain and located about 1,400 miles southwest of Anchorage, was the site of three underground nuclear blasts between 1965 and 1971. The last, nearly 5-megaton Cannikin, was the largest underground test conducted by the United States. Various agencies have estimated that between 2,000 and 3,000 people worked on the island during the testing period as construction workers, miners and in other trades. Many have since contracted radiation-linked cancers and respiratory diseases. Murkowski said the nation owes such workers. "We have individuals who, under the direction of the military, went out to Amchitka Island, exposed themselves to radiation, have become ill and died, and have not been compensated for it," she said. "These people didn't have any idea what they were signing up for at the time." Atomic workers are eligible for compensation under two different programs, both administered by the Labor Department, and their survivors may also be eligible under a separate provision. Murkowski said former atomic workers with questions can find information on the Labor Department's Web site at or contact the Seattle office of the Labor Department's energy workers' compensation program at 1-866-888-3322. The Alaska Resource Center, an agency set up in Alaska to help workers file claims and answer their questions, also can be reached at 258-4070 in Anchorage, toll-free at 1-888-908-4070, or by e-mail at . Daily News reporter Don Hunter can be reached at or 257-4349 © Copyright 2005, The Anchorage Daily News, a subsidiary of ***************************************************************** 37 Guardian Unlimited: Radiation Detectors to Scan Calif. Ports From the Associated Press [UP] Saturday June 4, 2005 5:16 AM AP Photo CACC103 By ALEX VEIGA Associated Press Writer LOS ANGELES (AP) - The ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach will receive radiation detectors to scan every incoming cargo container for nuclear weapons or dirty bombs, Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff said Friday. The 20-foot-high devices, already in use in at seaports in Jersey City, N.J., and elsewhere, should be at the Southern California ports by the end of the year, Chertoff said. They are part of the U.S. government's strategy to prevent a possible attack by terrorists using nuclear or radiological weapons at the nation's busiest port complex. ``A key element of that strategy is detection,'' Chertoff said after touring the waterways surrounding the ports aboard a Coast Guard ship. ``If we know this radiological material is coming in ... we can take the appropriate steps to intercept a threat.'' About 4.3 million containers are shipped to the dual ports each year. The Southern California harbor will become the second major U.S. harbor to have all incoming cargo screened, Chertoff said. In April, officials announced Oakland was the first major harbor to install enough radiation machines to check all incoming cargo. It has 25. Trucks carrying containers unloaded from ships will pass through the detectors. If the machines find signs of radiation, containers will get another scan and possibly inspection by hand-held devices. At a cost of about $250,000 each, the machines were funded by federal dollars and take about five seconds to screen each container, officials said. Union officials representing port workers said some cargo containers linger on the docks for hours or days - and might not be checked right away. ``We think it's hypocritical that they don't screen it immediately after it's unloaded, said Miguel Lopez, port representative of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, whose union has about 500 truckers at the ports. ``It puts everybody in jeopardy, not just the truckers.'' Chertoff said the process of checking containers could be optimized to reduce delays in scanning, citing officials in Baltimore who found ways to speed up the process. He also said scanning would not slow the flow of cargo at the ports, which last year experienced delays handling a large volume of cargo from the Far East. ``Taking an extra couple minutes to promote homeland security is something the trucking industry would endorse,'' said Patty Senecal, vice president of Transport Express Inc., a harbor trucking and warehouse company. ``It's a different story if trucks are delayed for hours and hours ... but we don't expect that.'' ^---- Associated Press Writer Jeremiah Marquez contributed to this report. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 38 L.A. Daily News: Perchlorate in well water - Santa Clarita Article Published: Friday, June 03, 2005 - 12:00:00 Chemical find unlikely to alter West Creek By Susan Abram, Staff Writer SANTA CLARITA -- Perchlorate has been found in water in one of the supply wells intended to serve a proposed 2,200-home community, county and development officials said this week. The discovery was made in April during a routine analysis of the water by the Valencia Water Co., in a well that is adjacent to the planned West Creek housing development site. The well is east of Bouquet Creek and the Santa Clara River. An environmental impact report for the 2,200-home project on 996 acres in unincorporated northern Valencia was certified by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors in March. The Newhall Land and Farming Company is the developer. Neither Newhall Land nor county officials said the detection of perchlorate, a chemical compound used in manufacturing munitions, was a surprise. The discovery is unlikely to deter plans. Local water officials have testified before the county board saying there is enough water for the planned community. "We don't expect it to have any impact on the water supplies," said Marlee Lauffer, spokeswoman for Newhall Land. "We were actually preparing ourselves for the possibility for perchlorate. There is a known perchlorate issue in that area." "The additional analysis was not unforeseen," said Assistant County Counsel Richard Weiss. "This does not change any conclusions." A supplement to the environmental impact report is currently being circulated for public comment. County officials are expected to discuss the supplement in July. Perchlorate contamination has hampered development in the city's core for more than a decade. For nearly 50 years, the now-defunct Whittaker-Bermite munitions plant tested dynamite, missiles and small rockets on some 996 acres off Soledad Canyon Road. The factory closed in 1987, but the site is contaminated with various chemical compounds, which have migrated into the valley's groundwater system. In April, another area well near the planned 1,100-home Riverpark project tested positive for perchlorate. But unlike the West Creek well, the one near Riverpark was not meant to supply homes with water. As a result of the positive detection near the West Creek project, the Valencia Water Co. has removed the well from service until the water has been treated. The West Creek project has endured through years of legal challenges. The project has stalled since 2000, when local environmental groups -- including the Santa Clarita Organization for Planning the Environment -- sued in Los Angeles County Superior Court to block it. A lower court upheld the county supervisors' original approval, but an appellate court ruled the environmental impact report needed to examine West Creek's water supply and use of California Aqueduct water in greater detail. Also, the rare Western spadefoot toad -- termed a species of concern -- was found last year at the project site. Newhall Land moved the toads to an appropriate habitat last fall. Besides 2,200 homes, Newhall Land also plans an elementary school site, a 15-acre park and road and bridge improvements as part of West Creek. Susan Abram, (661) 257-5255 susan.abram@dailynews.com Copyright © 2005 Los Angeles Daily News ***************************************************************** 39 Bradenton Herald: Tallevast requests health analysis | 06/05/2005 | Current and future medical issues would be assessed DONNA WRIGHT Herald Staff Writer TALLEVAST - Tallevast residents' health concerns must be addressed, an environmental consultant said this week. And nothing less than a three-tiered approach will be adequate to determine how an underground plume of contamination has impacted their health, said Tim Varney, the independent scientist advising residents of this historical community. That approach, says Varney, must include the participation of state and local health officials as well as Lockheed Martin Corp., which has assumed responsibility for cleaning up the pollution. As the state's health assessment enters its final months, local efforts to investigate health concerns in Tallevast have stalled over a disagreement with residents about what kind of investigation can be done. Meanwhile, the underground plume of contamination traced to the former Loral American Beryllium Co. plant now covers more than 131 acres, and drilling continues to find the pollution's perimeter. The Department of Environmental Protection recently released a critical review of Lockheed's efforts. The report cited many deficiencies, including Lockheed's failure to complete an evaluation of the current and future exposure risks to humans as well as the environment. Varney was pleased that DEP has now mandated such a study, but that data, he warned, will not adequately answer Tallevast residents' questions. The health risks of past exposure to the toxins must also be evaluated, Varney said, and that role should fall to local health officials. Varney said the local health department must provide the historical perspective through a survey to determine if Tallevast has an excess rate of cancer, birth defects, respiratory illnesses and other medical conditions that may be related to toxic exposure. Leaders of the Tallevast advocacy group Family Oriented Community United and Strong say that Dr. Gladys Branic, director of the Manatee County Health Department, promised to do such a survey in December but that she has now backed off because the local health department does not have the resources to fulfill her promise. Branic said that she is willing to do everything she can within the health department's mission but that her resources do not allow her to do the causative study Tallevast residents want. She has offered to do an epidemiological investigation of reportable diseases, including cancers, among Tallevast residents. She said the same methodology used to investigate any other outbreak of illness, such as meningitis or tuberculosis, would be implemented in Tallevast. That data, said Branic, would then be sent to the state health department and forwarded to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Because of confidentiality rules, the data could not be made public or shared with any group, including FOCUS, said Dr. James Ogedegbe, the health department's epidemiologist who would conduct the study. FOCUS President Laura Ward said Branic's offer falls short of what the community needs. Ward and other FOCUS leaders are concerned that the data would sit on a shelf. Ward said Branic told the community last year that the local health department would do a study that would create a database of medical conditions and illnesses in Tallevast that could be matched with the contaminants in the plume to see if there was any correlation. "If you want to attempt to do a study of causation, it will take years to complete and be very expensive," Branic said. "You have to have a comparative population. These kinds of studies must be driven by scientific data. Otherwise you exhaust limited resources without reliable outcome." Local health officials did ask Randy Merchant, environmental administrator for the Florida Department of Health, in a March 11 e-mail exchange if the state could do such a study. Merchant heads up the state health assessment team. "Any study would be contingent of available funds." Merchant wrote in his reply. "There are inherent limitations to any epidemiological study. At best . . . the study may be able to show an association but cannot prove causation." Small populations also limit the power of such studies, Merchant said. Varney disagrees. "A greater sample size would present more statistical power," Varney said. "But there is no reason why the Tallevast population cannot be compared to a larger population or stable community somewhere else. The community has asked for such a study and twice in a public forums the promise to do such a study has been made." Branic said she apologizes if she has created any misunderstanding. The scope and mission of the health department, Branic said, dictate what she can do. "Our role is to assure that the best available resources are brought together," Branic said. "We have offered and it still stands to do an epidemiological investigation on reportable disease." Ward said FOCUS has neither accepted nor refused Branic's offer. Instead they want the scope of the investigation widened. FOCUS has done a health survey of its own, but Branic and Ogedegbe said they could not accept that data because it was not collected through the standard procedures the health department requires. HeraldToday.com Find ongoing and past coverage online of the Tallevast contamination. ***************************************************************** 40 New Mexican: N.M. leaders strike deal on uranium waste plant June 4, 2005 State leaders have hammered out an agreement with the private company that proposes to build a uranium-enrichment plant near Hobbs to limit the storage of radioactive waste there. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has stymied the state's efforts to raise concerns about waste-storage and disposal issues in the plant's ongoing federal permitting process. The commission has disallowed several contentions that both the New Mexico Environment Department and the state attorney general's office had sought to raise. Gov. Bill Richardson said Friday that the agreement with Louisiana Energy Services, the private company pushing to open the plant, gives the state assurances it's been unable to secure otherwise. "We have been shut out on every issue, storage and disposal, at the NRC licensing process," Richardson said. "And I believe that this agreement is a strong assurance on these two important issues." Under the agreement, LES would pledge not to store more than about 5,000 canisters of radioactive waste at the plant site -- about eight to 10 year's production. The company would also pledge not to allow any single canister to remain on the site longer than 15 years. If LES ever violated those restrictions, it would have to shut down operations at the enrichment plant, which is intended to make fuel for nuclear reactors. The state could enforce its agreement with the company in either state or federal court. If the NRC agrees to incorporate the agreement between the state and LES into the company's federal permit, the state will drop out from further participation in the federal permitting process. That would leave only two citizens' groups, the Nuclear Information and Resource Service and Public Citizen, to press concerns about the plant in the federal permitting process. "We've gotten some substantial assurances that I believe satisfy my conditions on storage and safety, and enforcement," Richardson said. "So I believe that we have an environmentally sustainable agreement that balances the jobs created in southeastern New Mexico with strong, responsible financial assurances and environmental safeguards." Richardson said the state will hold off on issuing a groundwater-quality permit the plant still requires before it could operate. "There still has to be some commitment and oversight on behalf of LES, but I think this is a major step forward," Richardson said. Since announcing plans to build the enrichment plant, LES has contributed thousands of dollars to Moving America Forward, Richardson's political-action committee. The company has also retained as a consultant Butch Maki, a close friend of Richardson's and a member of Richardson's staff when he served in Congress. Richardson said Friday that the company's contributions haven't had any effect on his decisions. "If anything, I think this is an agreement that is quite tough on LES, and I've insisted that those are the only conditions under which they would be welcome in New Mexico," Richardson said. "There's no factor here; there's no political factors. I believe I've gotten a very strong environmental agreement for the state." Lindsay Lovejoy, a Santa Fe lawyer who represents both citizens groups before the NRC, said Friday that he wants to make sure the commission allows his clients to challenge the provisions of the state agreement before final permitting. Yet he said he's afraid the company will want to avoid any such public hearing. Lovejoy said LES had earlier committed to Richardson that it wouldn't attempt to store waste at the site beyond the life of the plant. However, he said under the deal announced Friday, the company apparently can seek to leave depleted uranium containers on site for as long as 15 years after the plant ceases operation. Lovejoy also questioned the adequacy of the financial assurances LES agrees to post under the agreement to address ultimate cleanup of the plant. The agreement announced Friday calls for LES to put up $7.15 per kilo of uranium byproduct. That amount could rise over time based on a review of disposal costs. Lovejoy said his clients believe actual processing costs for the waste byproduct could prove to be closer to $30 per kilo. "The state could be holding the bag for that," Lovejoy said. Michael Mariotte, executive director of Nuclear Information and Resource Service in Washington, D.C., said Friday that the state's willingness to enter into the agreement directly with LES shows the state's frustration with the federal permitting process. While Mariotte said the state's frustration is understandable, he said he still doesn't believe what the state got out of the agreement is enough. "When you look at it from the perspective of people in Eunice, 5,000 canisters of waste is an awful lot of waste," Mariotte said. "We still don't see a storage site on the horizon." There's currently no facility in the United States that can process the plant's waste to make it safe for disposal. Hundreds of thousands of tons of similar waste are stockpiled at U.S. government enrichment plants in Ohio and elsewhere awaiting eventual construction of a treatment plant. Ned Farquhar, Richardson's environmental adviser, said the $7.15 per-kilo figure is substantially higher than suggested figures released by the NRC. He said workers at the attorney general's office and the state Environment Department are satisfied the figure is adequate and also emphasized the agreement calls for the figure to rise as storage at the site approaches the limit specified in the agreement. LES president Jim Ferland said Friday that his company is happy with the agreement. He said LES expects a French company to construct a treatment plant for the waste in the United States. At the $7.15 per-kilo rate, Ferland said, his company would have to post a bond of more than $300 million with the federal government to assure ultimate treatment of the maximum 5,000 canisters of waste. The company would also have to post an additional bond to cover decommissioning the plant, he said. While LES has emphasized it would prefer to have private industry process the waste from its plant, the company has also cooperated with U.S. Sen. Pete Domenici, R-N.M., on legislation that specifies the U.S. Department of Energy would take the waste for disposal if necessary. The agreement announced Friday specifies that if LES ever attempts to turn waste from its plant over to the DOE, it must first ensure the federal agency will take the waste out of New Mexico. Ferland said he expects a groundbreaking for the plant to occur late in the summer of next year. There's strong support in southeastern New Mexico for the plant, and the Lea County government has approved industrial-revenue bonds giving tax breaks to the multibillion-dollar plant. LES is largely owned by a coalition of European energy companies, including Urenco. Based in the Netherlands, Urenco specializes in centrifuge technology that allows uranium to be enriched either to the level of reactor fuel or further enriched to the level used in nuclear weapons. Decades ago, Urenco technology fell into the hands of the Pakistanis, authorities say. From there, it has spread to North Korea and possibly other rogue nations that have used it to develop nuclear weapons. LES officials have said the loss of the technology is no reflection on their operations in the United States. Copyright 2004 Santa Fe New Mexican ***************************************************************** 41 STLtoday: Radioactive waste will roll through area News - St. Louis City / County St. Louis Post-Dispatch By Elizabethe Holland Of the Post-Dispatch 06/04/2005 This picture from October 1954 shows the Mallinckrodt Chemical Works plant at 65 Destrehan Street in St. Louis. (Post-Dispatch file photo) Beginning Monday and extending through the end of the year, trucks loaded with thousands of tons of radioactive waste will pass through the St. Louis area on their way to a temporary resting place in Texas. More than half of the waste will be making its second visit here. It came from the Mallinckrodt Chemical Works on the riverfront just north of downtown. Mallinckrodt, an atomic-age pioneer, altered the course of World War II by developing a way to purify uranium to the grade needed to make the atomic bomb. After the war - in the 1950s - 6,000 tons of radioactive byproducts from the processing were shipped to a uranium processing plant northwest of Cincinnati, where it was kept in silos. There it has stayed for the last half-century. But now the Department of Energy is intent on cleaning up the site at Fernald, Ohio, and shutting it down for good because it's located near a major water supply and heavily populated areas. That means finding yet another home for the waste. The department has chosen a temporary site in Texas, which means that the waste will be carted on flatbed trailers and sent along highways that snake through the Metro East area, south St. Louis County and westward to Texas. The site in Texas is not near a water supply and is in a less populated area. It is also drier in Texas, and so drainage problems from the site would be minimal. Radiation coming from radioactive waste can cause cancer and genetic damage. Experts have long differed on how much exposure is dangerous. The waste coming from Cincinnati will be shipped in secured steel containers, and the material inside is encased in concrete. Those involved in the shipping say hazardous material in containers far less secure moves on the nation's highways every day. Unconvinced is Kay Drey, a local activist and board member of the Washington-based Nuclear Information and Resource Service. She notes the irony of having the waste return to the Gateway City, even if it is only passing through. And she and other environmentalists are not at all pleased that it will make a 1,300-mile trek across the country, particularly when its destination is a place it may remain for only two years. "They're moving from one temporary disposal facility in this massive attack on our highways to another temporary facility, and with no permanent place to go - and placing people at risk ... everywhere along the way," said Drey, of University City. The contractor in charge of the move, Fluor Fernald, also would prefer to ship the waste to a permanent site. But spokesmen for the company said the material could be moved safely. "You always hate to speculate when it comes to what's vulnerable out on the road, but we'll argue there are things that are traveling across the interstate every day that would make more of a statement than a concrete block in a steel casing," said Jeff Wagner of Fluor Fernald. "Everything we can do from a personal health and safety standpoint is being considered on this, and certainly the same holds true for environmentally." 15 trucks a day The move will begin with one truck taking to the highway Monday. Eventually, though, Fluor Fernald plans to move 15 trucks per day, with each truck carrying two 20,000-pound containers of encased waste. The trucks will run seven days a week through December. In all, Fluor Fernald expects to move 4,000 containers, said Dennis Carr, the project director. The containers, riveted shut when full, are made of half-inch-thick carbon steel and measure 6 1/2 feet tall and 6 feet in diameter. Empty, each weighs 4,000 pounds. In each will be a combination of radioactive waste, concrete and flyash - a fine black ash produced in a coal-fired boiler plant, according to Wagner. Radioactive waste from two of Fernald's silos will make up about 20 percent of each container, with concrete and flyash making up the other 80 percent, Wagner said. The waste - byproducts of ores that were exceptionally rich in uranium from the former Belgian Congo - includes radium, thorium, lead, polonium and actinium. The trucks will be outfitted with global positioning systems, and authorities who would respond to possible emergencies involving the shipments have been informed of what is coming their way, Carr said. "There's no expectation of a problem, but in the event that there is, we're prepared to deal with it," he said. Lee Sobotka, a Washington University professor of nuclear chemistry and nuclear physics, said the waste's packaging falls short of being as safe as it could be. He would rather see the waste undergo vitrification - a process that would turn it into a glasslike product that many scientists feel would remain more stable over time. But if Fluor Fernald takes no shortcuts in preparing and packaging the waste, risks to public safety while the waste is in transit are low, Sobotka said. Sobotka would also prefer to see the material delivered to a permanent site. "It's not an ultimate solution," Sobotka said. "As a scientist, do I wish that there was a better plan and that it was being vitrified? Yes. Do I wish it was going to its final resting place? Yes. But the plague of trying to do everything perfect is paralysis." Sierra Club suit Cyrus Reed, a lobbyist for the Lone Star chapter of the Sierra Club, would rather see Fluor Fernald's plans paralyzed. The chapter has appealed a decision earlier this year that paved the way for Dallas-based Waste Control Specialists to accept the waste, a move that resulted in a $7.5 million contract for the company. A hearing for the appeal is scheduled for July 11 - well after the shipments are under way. "They're jumping the gun," Reed said. "Waste is being moved before we've even had a hearing." Meanwhile, Waste Control Specialists is hoping for another change in its license - one that would allow it to permanently dispose of the radioactive materials as well, said George Dials, the firm's president and chief operating officer. As it stands, the waste can remain at the Andrews County site along the Texas-New Mexico border for only two years from the dates shipments arrive. "We would have loved to go immediately to a disposal facility, but that option was not open," Wagner said. "At least you're getting the material off-site, which is certainly a step in the right direction in order to be able to finish the Fernald cleanup." Drey vehemently disagrees. She suspects Fluor Fernald is acting quickly due to extra money it will receive depending on when the cleanup is done. The Department of Energy has a target date of Dec. 31, 2006. If Fluor Fernald completes the cleanup by March 2006, it will receive an "incentive fee" of $288 million on top of reimbursement for cleanup costs, according to Wagner. If it completes its work after December 2006, the incentive fee falls to $63 million. Overall, including costs accrued since the 1989 plant closing, the Department of Energy is expected to spend $4.4 billion on the cleanup, Wagner said. Whatever the reasons behind the shipments to begin this weekend, Drey would like to see them stalled until a better solution is developed. "What's the rush if it's been there for 50 years?" Drey asked. "It could go back again, it really could, as crazy as it sounds. We have no idea." Reporter Elizabethe Holland E-mail: eholland@post-dispatch.com Phone: 314-340-8259 Note* Bottom photo credit: These containers, made of half-inch-thick carbon steel, will transport radioactive waste from Ohio to Texas. Photo from Fluor Fernald the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. ***************************************************************** 42 AFP: Australia in talks to sell uranium to China for first time AFP Business News - Financial News - Saturday June 4, 2005, 1:49 pm SYDNEY (AFP) - The Australian government is in negotiations to export uranium to China for the first time. The Weekend Australian reported Saturday that officials have been in talks with the Chinese for several weeks over nuclear safeguards which could allow Australia to send the lucrative export to China. Foreign Minister Alexander Downer told the paper that the matter had been discussed when China's number two, chair of China's National People's Congress Wu Bangguo, visited Australia last month. "We have entered into those discussions and the negotiations are moving ahead reasonably positively," he was quoted as saying. "It is in Australia's national interest, since we export uranium, that there be a global expansion of nuclear energy." Nuclear energy is banned in Australia but debate over the issue has crept into the political agenda in recent weeks as an environmental alternative to fossil fuels. "Nuclear energy can be expected to have an important place in meeting future energy needs over the next few deacades," Downer was quoted as saying. China has embarked on a plan to boost nuclear energy sources to mitigate chronic energy shortages. Australia earns some 400 million dollars (300 million US dollars) annually from uranium exports. Copyright © 2005 AFP. All rights reserved. All information ***************************************************************** 43 Sunday Herald: Files reveal nuclear waste dumping shambles - By Rob Edwards, Environment Editor NEWLY released files revealing the shambles of the nuclear industrys investigations into radioactive waste dumping in the 1990s have sparked fears that current decisions about nuclear power will be marred by incompetence. According to secret government documents made public last week under the Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act, two successive secretaries of state for Scotland, Malcolm Rifkind and Ian Lang, gave the go-ahead to controversial research on nuclear waste, despite doubts about the professionalism of the industry. Critics warn that the same pattern of industry incompetence and government compliance could plague todays renewed arguments over how to dispose of Britains growing mountain of nuclear waste. The nuclear industry keeps behaving like a three-year-old screaming at the supermarket checkout, and successive governments keep giving it sweeties, alleged Lorraine Mann, from Scotland Against Nuclear Dumping. The remarkable inside story of how ministers and senior officials struggled to deal with one of the most sensitive of political issues is disclosed in a series of confidential papers made available by the Scottish Executive at the National Archives of Scotland in Edinburgh. The documents chart some of the key events which led to the demise of Dounreay as the nuclear industrys hope for the future. In 1990, when John Major was Prime Minister, Britain got caught up in a heated argument over where to build a deep underground repository for the nations medium-level radioactive waste. Two candidates had emerged as possibilities: a farm near the Sellafield nuclear complex in Cumbria and land near the Dounreay nuclear plant in Caithness. In May that year, the then Scottish secretary, Rifkind, gave the go-ahead to the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) to drill two deep boreholes at Dounreay. The aim was to study whether underground rock would be stable enough to store waste safely . The application had been opposed by Highland Regional Council, and by three-quarters of the people of Caithness in a referendum. But despite the controversy, civil servants failed to consult Rifkind on the timing of his announcement. As a result it took ministers by surprise and gave them some concern, according to a memo from a senior official. I very much regret any embarrassment that this has caused, he wrote. Just a few days after approving the UKAEAs application , Rifkind discovered that the industrys nuclear waste agency, Nirex, had put in another application for up to 6000 more holes over 1350 hectares near Dounreay. Angry, he considered revoking planning consent, but was advised that this would be legally very dubious. In July 1990, after talking to the UKAEA and Nirex, a senior official told Rifkind that there was also the possibility of a third planning application for a further 10 deep boreholes. After the shambles that they have made of the planning aspects of phase one, the UKAEA are clearly anxious to handle phase two more professionally, the official stated in a memo. The Scottish Office was trying to ensure that both Nirex and the UKAEA handled planning more competently than they have hitherto. In order not to prejudice Rifkinds impartiality, the official added, we shall accordingly be circumspect, as well as constructive, in our dealing with nuclear bodies. This memo prompted a caustic response from Rifkinds political adviser, Graeme Carter. He welcomed the UKAEAs new-found professionalism but expressed very grave concerns about the application for up to 6000 holes, fearing a major political row from which the government could not be protected. By November 1990, the month that Rifkind was replaced by Lang as secretary of state for Scotland, Nirex had let it be known that Sellafield was the clear frontrunner for the nuclear waste research. That effectively let both ministers off the hook. Nevertheless, in April 1991 Lang gave the go-ahead to the 6000-hole application, though again confusion surrounded the announcement. A hand-written ministerial note in the margin of a memo demanded to know why it had been announced without warning, without agreement and without the preparation of defensive briefing for ministers and for the PM. In 1997, the government abandoned plans to investigate land near Sellafield as a potential underground waste repository, after it was rejected by a public inquiry. Now ministers are awaiting new advice on how best to dispose of the waste from an expert committee. Pete Roche, a consultant to Greenpeace, argued that Britains plans for nuclear waste were still a shambles. With Nirex and secrecy, its a bit like Groundhog Day, he said. Only the public has got more sophisticated over the years, so has enjoyed the farce less. Nirex, whose shares were transferred from the nuclear industry to the government in April, is planning to publish a long-secret list of potential waste dumps within the next two or three weeks. It declined to comment on what had happened in the 1990s, as it hadnt seen the newly released files. Dounreays spokesman, Colin Punler, confirmed that the UKAEA had worked with Nirex to investigate the disposal of radioactive waste in the past. We are no longer involved in any waste disposal proposals of that kind, he said. Our job today is to get the waste into a form that makes it suitable for deep disposal. It is up to society to decide how it should be managed in the long term. 05 June 2005 © newsquest (sunday herald) limited. all rights reserved ***************************************************************** 44 Telegraph: Disturbing deficiency at Seabrook plant [NashuaTelegraph.com] Published: Saturday, Jun. 4, 2005 BACKGROUND: A leaked Nuclear Regulatory Commission report showed that the perimeter intruder detection system at the Seabrook nuclear power plant probably hadn’t worked in six months. CONCLUSION: While a plant spokesman says at no time had the plant lost its ability to protect public health and safety, the report remains a matter of concern. The public relations spokesman for the Seabrook nuclear power plant makes it abundantly clear that the people who run the operation think that security was never compromised, but its hard not to be more than a little concerned that the “perimeter intrusion detection system” has probably not been working since it was installed more than six months ago. According to an internal plant document, that appears to be the conclusion reached by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission after it inspected the system, or fence, earlier last month. Heres some other scary things in the document: Several “zones” in the detection system “failed” testing and were declared “inoperable.” (Translation: The thing didnt work.) The systems design was “inadequate.” (Translation: It would never have worked.) The “testing” to “commission the system” and “to ensure operability” were “deficient.” (Translation: Somebody or some people at the plant screwed up.) The plants owners review and approval of the system vendor “lacked vigor.” (Translation: They really dropped the ball on this one.) The plant had or has, at least where this system is concerned, “inadequate security organizational effectiveness.” (Translation: The plants security agency and managers were not doing a good enough job, at least where the detection system was concerned.) That kind of information makes it sounds like intruders (terrorists) could have walked right up to the plant on a dark, moonless night. But, spokesman Al Griffith insists that is not the case. He assures that “At no time have we lost our ability to protect public health and safety.” Griffith says the detection system was a “segment” of the security system that was “not operating the way we wanted it to.” And, “full compensatory measures” are now in place. He is not allowed, nor should he, go into details about what those measures might be, but an image of additional security guards, dogs, night vision goggles and the like comes to mind. Nonetheless, this is a major embarrassment for the plant and its security. The plant didnt want this information before the public. It was leaked. And we, for one, are glad it was. This was a serious deficiency in plant security that was mandated after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. We are thankful the NRC discovered the problem and that measures have been taken as a result. We want to believe Griffith when he says were safe and not to worry. But we would rather know that something went wrong and is being fixed than to have had the information hidden from us. And we would feel better about the situation had it been the plant or the NRC that had made the matter public. The Exeter News-Letter Contact The Telegraph of Nashua Privacy Policy and User Agreement © 2005, Telegraph Publishing Company PO Box 1008, Nashua, NH 03061 (603) 594-6440 All Rights Reserved ***************************************************************** 45 Rutland Herald: Bill lets Yankee apply for fuel storage June 4, 2005 By Louis PorterVermont Press Bureau Sen. Roderick Gander, D-Windham, attended the session Friday to vote on the Yankee bill despite illness. Photo: ALDEN PELLETT / THE ASSOCIATED PRESS MONTPELIER — The bill allowing Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant to apply for state permission to store spent fuel in on-site "dry casks" was approved in the Senate on Friday Under a deal reached between plant owner Entergy Nuclear and legislative leaders, the company will pay $2.5 million a year if it receives permission from federal regulators to increase the power produced by the facility. That money, combined with payments from the company under a separate agreement with the state, will go to a fund to support the development of renewable energy in Vermont. The bill gives the company the right to apply to the Public Service Board for permission to use dry casks for storing spent fuel. That bill was approved by the House earlier this week and by an 18-6 Senate vote late Friday. Sen. Rod Gander, D-Windham, returned to the Statehouse for the first time this session to oppose it. "If it's buying a certificate of public good, it's wrong whatever the dollar figure is," said Gander, who has been undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. His illness resurfaced soon after he was re-elected last fall. Gander is a member of the Senate Finance Committee, where anti-nuclear activists hoped for a last chance to stop the deal. But the committee voted 4-2 to approve it, a recommendation the full Senate followed later in the evening. "The only chance to stop it was here," said Peter Alexander, executive director of the New England Coalition. "I am deeply disappointed in the vote. There is so much information that is missing from the picture." Gander and committee Chairwoman Ann Cummings, D-Washington, voted against approving the bill in the committee. Brian Cosgrove, director of communications for the plant, said the Legislature had done "an admirable amount of work" on the issue. The company looks forward to the Public Service Board process as a chance to "further educate the public about the benefits of dry cask storage," Cosgrove said. Entergy needed the Legislature to grant permission for dry cask storage, giving lawmakers a chance to weigh in on the issue. Legislators heard testimony this year that dry cask storage, in which the spent fuel is stored in canisters made of several layers of steel and concrete, is safer than storing it in water-filled fuel pools. "My vote is not against dry cask," Gander said. He said the legislature has not done enough work on the issue and should wait to take it up next year. The vote was more about the company's desire to increase its power production and win re-licensing in 2012 than dry cask, Gander said. "I have only been up here for a couple of these last minute closings, but that's when you make all of your mistakes," said Gander, a retired editor for Newsweek magazine. The deal with Entergy was announced last week by Senate President Pro Tem Peter Welch, D-Windsor, Speaker of the House Gaye Symington, D-Jericho, and other legislative leaders. Welch, a member of the Finance Committee, said the safety of the plant was not impacted by the agreement with Entergy. "We took very, very seriously this question of safety," he said. "Safety is not for sale; it cannot be for sale. "If we wait, we are also taking some risk," Welch said. "If we delay … it puts us closer to that time when we have to have dry cask or there is a shut down." But Sen. Jeanette White, D-Windham, said the issue of timing is not as serious as it is made out to be. "Vermont Yankee has created this crisis," she said. "We are asked two days before adjournment to make a decision on the most irreversible decision we can make." The Finance Committee heard testimony Friday that Entergy will run out of room to store its spent fuel in 2007, and the regulatory procedure to authorize it will take some time. Sen. Claire Ayer, D-Addison, a member of the Finance Committee, voted for the bill allowing the agreement. "I don't think there is anything to be gained by waiting until January," she said. Gander was not the only member of the Senate to return for the vote. Sen. Mark Sheppard, R-Bennington, changed his plans, returned to the Senate and supported the vote in the Finance Committee and on the floor. Sen. Mark MacDonald, D-Orange, another member of the committee and a vocal critic of plant, was not there. "I feel terrible not being there. Sometimes in a citizen Legislature, family comes first," said MacDonald, who was attending a relative's college graduation in Long Island, N.Y. "I feel sort of sorry, since I stirred up the issue," he said by telephone. Seven senators were absent from the vote on the floor. In the end, the majority of senators said the time they would gain by not approving the bill this year would not make a significant difference. "I want to leave the most amount of time between now and the future to deal with a year-long process with the Public Service Board," said Hull Maynard, R-Rutland, who supported the bill. Gander urged caution. "We are voting to put this deadly stuff with a half-life of tens of thousands of years on the banks of the Connecticut River for the foreseeable future," he said. Staff writer Darren M. Allen contributed to this story. Contact Louis Porter at louis.porter@rutlandherald.com. © 2005 Rutland Herald ***************************************************************** 46 SLT: Nuclear waste storage: It's time for peace talks with the Goshutes Salt Lake Tribune - Opinion Article Last Updated: 06/04/2005 11:09:02 PM Nicole Haynes McCoy An army of lawyers and lobbyists, costing Utah taxpayers millions of dollars, is waging war against the Skull Valley Goshutes. Gov. Jon Huntsman Jr., following the precedent established by Gov. Mike Leavitt, continues this battle. The most recent volley is an open-ended contract with the lobbying firm Dutko at $90,000 per year plus expenses. If Utah continues its battle against the Skull Valley nuclear waste storage site in the halls of Congress, Utah is going to lose. It has been two decades since the federal government (yes, the federal government) first approached Native American tribes about storing high-level nuclear waste on their reservations. We have been fighting the Goshutes ever since. Utah has two strikes against it in this battle: (1) The federal government is required by law to take title of and store nuclear waste, and (2) while the extent of Native American sovereignty is confusing at the federal level, for the state's purposes, the Goshutes are sovereign. Every legal avenue Utah has pursued to keep the Goshutes from accepting nuclear waste has ended in a cul-de-sac. In 2002, a federal judge ordered the state to "stop meddling" with plans to store waste in Skull Valley. Since we can't win in court, we have resorted to lobbying Congress. States with nuclear power plants (that are running out of room for their waste) are far more politically powerful than Utah. If Utah thinks it has a prayer of keeping the waste in these states, or even in getting help from them in keeping it out of Utah, we are sorely mistaken. Even if we do get some support, what will it cost us? Not only are there no free lunches in D.C., but what looks like a turkey sandwich is more likely to be roadkill. Utah citizens should be outraged, not at the Goshutes, but at the unconscionable behavior of our legislators and governors. If nuclear waste arrives in Skull Valley, our own state government is to blame. Our executive and legislative representatives have treated the tribe with an appalling lack of respect. Every strategy our representatives have pursued seeks to circumscribe the rights of the Goshutes. We seem to have forgotten that if the Goshutes didn't want nuclear waste, then all the legal battles and lobbying would be unnecessary. And guess what? The Goshutes don't want waste. They want, and desperately need, economic opportunity. The Goshutes are U.S. citizens and our neighbors; their reservation is 40 miles from Salt Lake City. The Goshute tribe is deeply divided over the nuclear waste storage issue, with many members of the tribe not wishing to compromise the sacredness of their tribal lands for the money gained from nuclear waste storage. The cohesiveness and integrity of the tribe have suffered as members struggle with trying to balance economic opportunity with environmental and social cost. Gov. Huntsman, take the fight out of D.C. Fire the lobbyists and the lawyers, hop in an old pickup and drive out to Skull Valley. Approach the Goshutes, hat-in-hand. Tell them, that as a representative of the state of Utah, you apologize for actions that contributed to the Goshutes' desperate circumstances. Acknowledge that Utah has been taking from the Goshutes since the early pioneers first stole their water and their food, and then murdered their people. Tell them that you apologize that Utah did nothing, as they watched their reservation shrink and their borders fill with toxic waste and munitions. Ask the Goshutes what Utah can do to help restore the tribe's integrity. Tell them you are done with the empty promises of economic development, that it is time for Utah to pay its comeuppance. What this means for Utah, I don't know. I do know that Utah is as much the Goshutes' community as it is ours. They don't want to look out the windows of their homes and see row upon row of white storage casks, but they do want to have a home. It is time for a little creativity and a lot of humility. It is time for a peace talk. --- Dr. Nicole Haynes McCoy is an assistant professor of natural resource policy and economics at Utah State University. She has researched the nuclear waste storage issue and the Goshute tribe for six years. © Copyright 2005, The Salt Lake Tribune. ***************************************************************** 47 Independent: Waste woes that bias our energy debates By Ragnar Lofstedt 05 June 2005 Britain has an energy dilemma: on one hand it wants to reduce CO2 emissions in line with the Kyoto protocol; on the other, the country is phasing out nuclear energy, resulting in the UK becoming dependent on just one reactor by the year 2023. Nuclear energy is more or less carbon-neutral. So closing the country's ageing nuclear plants will lead to increases in CO2 emissions unless these reactors are replaced by other neutral sources, such as renewables, and carbon-free coal, or via energy-efficiency measures. Partly to address this conundrum, the Government is pushing for huge investments in wind power. By the year 2010, it is hoped that renewables will account for 10 per cent of the country's electricity mix. That said, even if the Government reaches this goal, which at present is unlikely, other carbon-free sources will be needed. As carbon-free coal is at least a decade or two away from commercialisation, and energy- efficiency measures will contribute more in reducing heat than electricity use, the most likely alternative in the near to medium term is the building of new nuclear stations. However, as many members of the public, stakeholders and even politicians are opposed to this, several issues need to be addressed to help ensure that new plants can be built in the UK. Most importantly, politicians need to get to grips with the waste issue. It will be difficult to build new nuclear plants if the politicians and stakeholders are still debating where the waste should go. Indeed Finland, the only European nation aside from France that has ordered a new nuclear reactor in the past couple of years, has more or less solved the problem, making the decision to build a fifth reactor so much easier. It built a repository to bury high- and medium-level waste deep under the ground. What to do and where to put the nuclear waste in the UK has been discussed since 1976, when the Royal Commission for Environmental Pollution recommended that a national disposal facility should be built. Such a site still does not exist, and another body, this time the Committee on Radioactive Waste Management (CoRWM), is examining what should be done with the waste. But it isn't rocket science; there are simple technical solutions available. Hopefully, CoRWM will come to a political acceptable one soon. The issue of public perceptions on the possible risks posed by nuclear energy also has to be handled properly. This remains a topic, although researched to a great extent by academics such as Baruch Fischhoff and Ortwin Renn, to which the nuclear sector in this country has not paid sufficient attention. That is unfortunate, as a close analysis would identify the key public concerns: that the industry is veiled in secrecy; that the risks posed by reactors are unfamiliar and out of one's control; and that there is the potential for massive accidents. Had the industry more closely examined these fears in the past, it would not be struggling to address them alongside the movement for new build. Sweden has met public concern head-on - for example, by developing a nuclear-waste roadshow where industry representatives travel from town to town in a large truck full of displays, short films and mock-ups that show what the waste looks like and how it is stored. In so doing, the public becomes more familiar with the issues. Is it any wonder that, today, Sweden does not have a nuclear-waste debate? What is needed in the UK is a three-pronged strategy. First, find out exactly what people are worried about. Second, address these issues with roadshow-style displays. Third, develop a transparent process that goes right the way through from the inquiry stage to licensing. Transparency, if done correctly, leads to public trust; secrecy destroys it. One worrying trend is the virtual fistfight between renewable supporters and the nuclear sector. This is unhelpful as it overheats the debate and leads politicians to put off making any real decisions on the topic. In all honesty, there is room for both renewables and nuclear build in the country's energy mix, so why can't these parties work together? For new build to be successful, the sector needs all the third-party support it can get, so why not involve the environmental NGOs that are so concerned about climate change? To resolve these issues, the Government should consider establishing an independent commission where an open, honest and transparent discussion can take place. Ragnar Lofstedt is professor and director of the King's Centre for Risk Management. His book 'Risk Management in Post-Trust Societies', is published by Palgrave Macmillan. Independent Portfolio. ©2005 Independent News &Media (UK) Ltd. ***************************************************************** 48 Guardian Unlimited: Panel Sets Aside Proposal on Nuclear Waste From the Associated Press [UP] Friday June 3, 2005 11:16 PM By H. JOSEF HEBERT Associated Press Writer WASHINGTON (AP) - The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has put on hold a proposal to allow some very low-level radioactive waste to be routinely put into public landfills or recycled instead of shipped to special disposal sites. By a 5-0 vote, the commission decided against issuing a final regulation on the matter, although it did not rule out considering the issue again in the future. The agency's staff had recommended that the rule change be approved, saying the waste under consideration has such a low level of radioactivity that it does not pose a public health risk. The NRC acted earlier this week, but the vote only became public Friday in a news release from several environmental and nuclear industry watchdog groups. The groups applauded the action, saying the proposed rule change would have allowed radioactive material to be mixed with normal garbage and reused in consumer products and in roadbeds. NRC spokesman Elliott Brenner, confirming the commission's action, said the agency did not reject the proposal outright. ``It is in a holding pattern because of higher priorities. That's not to rule out looking at it again later,'' he said. ``Most of these materials have no residual radioactivity,'' he said. ``Some have very small amounts, so low that potential exposure to the public would have negligible impact.'' Brenner said the commission decided to put the issue aside because of the ``urgent need to put resources in higher priority areas'' such as nuclear power plant security and a rush of applications for power reactor relicensing. The material subject to the proposed rule change is located at nuclear power plants and other facilities licensed by the NRC and includes such items as office furniture, tools, equipment, routine trash, soil and concrete. Diane D'Arrigo of the Nuclear Information and Resources Service, a watchdog group, said the NRC's decision is ``a victory for public health and environmental protection,'' although she expressed concern that the agency might reverse course. ``The NRC clearly backed down from this crazy idea because it recognized the firestorm of public concern that would be triggered,'' said Daniel Hirsch, head of the Los Angeles-based Community to Bridge the Gap. ``The public doesn't want radioactive waste in their local garbage dump, children's braces or tools.'' ---- On the Net: Nuclear Regulatory Commission: http://www.nrc.gov Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 49 Albuquerque Tribune: Los Alamos fears brain drain Spike in retirements creates worry By Sue Vorenberg Tribune Reporter June 4, 2005 One thing about smart people - they have options. In the wake of problems at Los Alamos National Laboratory, some of the smartest people in the country are starting to exercise those options - by retiring. And that trend has lab officials worried, said James Rickman, a lab spokesman. "It looks like the numbers are higher than normal so far for this fiscal year," Rickman said of the cycle that started in October. "Since October we've had 162 retirements, and we also have about 200 pending, but they can change their minds. That seems to show a 50 percent higher retirement rate this year than last." The lab employs about 8,200 people, mostly highly skilled scientists. Of those, 39 percent are 50 or older - meaning retirement age, Rickman said. In 2003, 235 people retired, or about 3 percent of the work force. In 2004, 251 retired, or about 3.1 percent of the work force, Rickman said. "For 2005 we're projecting 4.6 percent of the work force, or about 380 people," Rickman said. "But we just don't have the June data yet, which will be telling. That's when most people retire, and that will tell the tale. It could be better; it could be worse. But it looks now like a definite increase." The numbers are even more worrisome because about 41 percent of the retirees are coming from the lab's nuclear weapons groups and 13.5 percent are coming from threat-reduction groups - specialized areas that are part of Los Alamos' core mission, Rickman said. "We're very concerned about losing people with such specialized knowledge," he said. "That sort of skill can't be taught in a university setting. There's no short course. "We're trying to find ways so we can transfer some of those skills to new employees, but it's difficult." Doug Roberts, who will retire July 1, says the exodus was probably caused in part by the shutdown of the lab between July and February. Pete Nanos, who was director then, shut the lab after reports of missing computer disks - which turned out to have never existed - and a laser accident. That, coupled with management problems and uncertainty about which group will be running the lab when an operating contractor is chosen in December, has left many workers questioning their resolve to stay, Roberts said. The contract for operating the lab is up for bid this year for the first time in the lab's 62-year history. A team led by Lockheed Martin Corp. and the University of Texas is competing against a team led by Bechtel Corp. and the University of California. Roberts, 54, who grew up in Los Alamos, is the founder and operator of a blog, "LANL: The Real Story," where many lab scientists have been airing their concerns about the lab's turbulent past few years. The blog, which has had more than 210,000 visitors since January, is online at lanl-the-real-story.blogspot.com. "As a direct result of the shutdown last July we lost a lot of staff, and a lot of those were my colleagues," Roberts said. "In my group alone, I believe I'm the twelfth person to announce he's leaving since that shutdown." Roberts works in the Basic and Applied Simulation Science Group, which makes computer simulations of social networks. The group had about 20 employees before the spate of retirements, he said. Roberts has already lined up work, and job hunting hasn't been a problem for him or any of his friends who have also retired this year, he said. "I wasn't really ready to retire, so I'll be going to work for another company," Roberts said. "It didn't take me long to find something I found suitable." Roberts will telecommute to his new job from his home in Namb?, he added. "I've decided I'll continue to maintain the blog," he said. "But I'm bringing in some help from other LANL employees. I don't feel non-lab people should maintain it." Despite his decision to leave, Roberts says he hopes his blog will help those that decide to stay and the new operator of the lab. He and his fellow bloggers have compiled a list of problems and suggested solutions for the lab on the site. "I feel that's one of the positives to come out of this - the desire to find and fix problems and the amount of time people have spent doing that," Roberts said. Still, the positives weren't enough to convince Roberts to stay, he said. "The bottom line is, it's just time to move on," Roberts said. ***************************************************************** 50 Tri-City Herald: New energy secretary promising but untested Opinions This story was published Sunday, June 5th, 2005 Trust but verify. That sage advice from Ronald Reagan is the perfect foundation for the Northwest's relationship with the nation's new secretary of energy. Samuel Bodman is making all the right moves in the early weeks of his administration, not least of which was his 11-hour introduction to Hanford and the Tri-Cities last week. But he'll have to excuse our skepticism. We've seen promises for a new day evaporate into business as usual far too many times not to be jaded. That doesn't mean we aren't hopeful, however. Bodman's desire to take a firsthand look at the Herculean tasks that he's ultimately responsible for advancing might seem like a no-brainer. But in the world of beltway politics, it's not rare to find an energy secretary loath to leave the other Washington. One trip to the Northwest doesn't exactly qualify Bodman for any frequent-flyer benefits, but it's a promising sign that his first visit to Hanford came so early in his tenure. He was only given the job four months ago. His Hanford itinerary included talks with Gov. Christine Gregoire and site employees, revealing a savvy understanding of those he'll need on his side to make real progress with Hanford cleanup. Some past secretaries' failure to grasp the central role of the Hanford work force or the political reality that defines the rest of the Northwest has made Bodman's job harder. Initiative 297, the anti-nuclear waste measure that Washington voters overwhelmingly approved last year, might have passed anyway, but the huge margin indicates the depth of mistrust for the Department of Energy. The public's trust in DOE always will be limited. Too much radioactive material was poured into the ground and sent up smokestacks amid government assurances to ever eliminate a healthy dose of skepticism. But the lawsuits and confrontation that have marred recent relations between the Northwest and DOE aren't inevitable. Dialogue is possible. So is compromise. Bodman appears ready to make progress on both counts. It's especially satisfying to see the job go to someone with a technical background. Too often, loyal support for the president has had more to do with the selection of an energy secretary than inherent ability. Frankly, the position has sometimes seemed like a consolation prize for presidential friends who didn't get one of the A-list jobs, like secretary of state or defense. Bodman has the potential to break the mold. He earned a doctorate at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and taught chemical engineering at the school for six years before going into business. His last job in the private sector was chairman of Cabot Corp., a Boston-based Fortune 300 company specializing in chemicals and materials, some of it connected to the energy industry. He has his critics, at least among Texas environmentalists who are unhappy about pollution from Cabot's operations in their state. But Bodman's background in science and business could provide the right combination of expertise that's needed, not only to overcome barriers to improving the pace of cleanup, but also to repair DOE's relations with the Northwest. He claims to approach the job with a businessman's pragmatism and an engineer's appreciation for its complexities. We've yet to verify whether that's enough to trump the bureaucratic inertia that too often beleaguers the federal agency. © 2005 Tri-City Herald, Associated Press &Other Wire Services ***************************************************************** 51 Tri-Valley Herald: Retrial rejected in whistle-blower case Article Last Updated: 06/04/2005 04:10:13 AM Jury found lab fired woman for role in sexual harassment suit, awarded her $2.2 million By Ian Hoffman, STAFF WRITER A judge Friday turned down requests from the University of California and Lawrence Livermore nuclear-weapons lab for a third trial after twice losing million-dollar verdicts to a lab whistle-blower. Lab attorneys could not be reached to discuss the ruling. Attorneys for former Livermore lab computer technician Dee Kotla said they have little expectation that the ruling will persuade the university to stop fighting the case, which began eight years ago when the lab fired Kotla ostensibly for $4.30 of personal phone calls and misuse of her office computer. Two juries concluded the lab more likely fired Kotla because she was expected to to be a central witness in a coworker's sexual harassment case against a senior lab scientist and the university. Kotla would have testified that she had reported a pattern of sexual harassment of her subordinates to senior Livermore managers but that they took no action with the lab scientist. When Kotla appeared for a deposition in that case, a lab attorney called back to the lab on her cell phone, identified Kotla as a "hostile witness" and started internal investigations of her phone and computer records. A jury in 2002 awarded $1 million to Kotla. A judge ordered the university to pay an equal amount in her attorneys' fees. The lab and the university, which operates Livermore lab for the U.S. Department of Energy, appealed and won a new trial. A second Alameda County jury this spring awarded $2.2 million to Kotla. Her attorneys' fees and the lab's legal fees easily could top $4 million. According to the General Accountability Office, the investigative arm of Congress, the U.S. Energy Department in recent years has reimbursed more than 98 percent of its contractors' legal fees, adverse judgments and settlements, including those of the University of California. With at least $6 million in costs to taxpayers and rising, the Kotla case would rank among the most expensive such cases involving a single plaintiff. A Massachusetts congressman seized on the Kotla case in arguing that federal contractors were using the U.S. Treasury as a limitless war chest for legal battles against workers who report waste, fraud or other wrongdoing. Rep. Ed Markey persuaded colleagues in the House to write a prohibition into the 2005 Energy Policy Act, requiring Energy Department contractors to pay their own legal fees when they persist in fighting losing cases. Markey urged the University of California after the second jury verdict topay Kotla and end the case. The lab and the university asked the judge to discard the second verdict as unmerited and grant a third trial. On Friday, Alameda County Superior Court Judge Ronald Sabraw rejected those requests. "I've never seen anything like this. It just goes on and on," said one Kotla attorney, Jan Nielsen. "You don't have anybody really taking the horns on this thing and saying let's end this." Tri-Valley Herald All Rights Reserved ***************************************************************** 52 Guardian Unlimited: Drilling Near Nuclear Blast Site on Hold From the Associated Press [UP] Saturday June 4, 2005 10:31 AM By JUDITH KOHLER Associated Press Writer DENVER (AP) - A company says it plans to drill for natural gas near the site of an underground nuclear blast nearly four decades ago, despite opposition from local residents and the concerns of Energy Department officials. Presco Inc., based in the Houston area, had received permission from county commissioners to drill one well inside a state-imposed buffer zone around Project Rulison in western Colorado. Project Rulison was part of a federal project to explore peaceful uses for nuclear devices. The Atomic Energy Commission detonated a 43-kiloton bomb at the site in 1969 to free gas below the surface. But local officials withdrew their support of Presco's drilling project this week after learning that Presco planned to drill four wells inside the buffer zone. That decision prompted the state agency that issues drilling permits to cancel plans to consider a rule change that would have allowed the company to drill inside the buffer zone if the bottom of the well is outside the prohibited area. Tresi Haupt, the only commissioner who opposed allowing the company one well in the buffer zone, said she believes there should be no drilling inside the zone until the Department of Energy determines it is safe. ``I don't understand why they feel the need to drill in this location until everyone has cleared it,'' she said. The state has asked Presco to revise its application or submit a new one because of the county's concerns, Beaver said. The commission then will schedule a hearing on the concerns of officials and residents. ``Our intent is to develop the area to the extent that it's safe and reasonable to do so,'' said Dave Wheeler, Presco executive vice president. The DOE expects to complete a study by the fall of 2007 examining whether radioactive gas or other material is spreading underground. Pete Sanders, the agency's manager of the site, said that while the DOE can provide that data, the state decides whether or not to permit drilling. Still, ``we would be more comfortable if drilling didn't take place until we're done with our study,'' he said. After the 1969 nuclear blast, the gas was considered too radioactive to be sold commercially. The Department of Energy - the Atomic Energy Commission's successor - began deactivating and cleaning the surface of the site in the 1970s, finishing in 1998. Monitoring has not found any increase in radioactivity in surface or groundwater above normally occurring levels, a DOE report released in January found. Sanders, the site manager, said officials must determine whether radioactivity is spreading underground. Garfield County, which is experiencing a boom in natural gas drilling, projected that allowing Presco to operate the one well inside the buffer zone would have provided some of that information. ``No one realized they were talking about four wells,'' said county administrator Ed Green. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** NOTE: In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107 this material is distributed without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving this information for non-profit research and educational purposes only. For more information go to: *****************************************************************