***************************************************************** 05/22/05 **** RADIATION BULLETIN(RADBULL) **** VOL 13.117 ***************************************************************** RADBULL IS PRODUCED BY THE ABALONE ALLIANCE CLEARINGHOUSE ***************************************************************** Send News Stories to news@energy-net.org with title on subject line and first line of body NUCLEAR POLICY 1 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Warns Europe to Make Nuke Talks Work 2 Xinhua: Iran threatens to take unilateral measures if nuclear talks 3 Persian Journal: Russia to continue nuclear cooperation with Iran - 4 AFP: Despite tough talk, Iran expected to step back from brink on nu 5 Guardian Unlimited: N. Korea Claims Confusion by U.S. Position 6 Korea Herald: [EDITORIALS]Chung mission to N.K. 7 Korea Herald: June a critical month for nuke standoff 8 Japan Times: U.S. could play Japan nuke card to press China on N. Ko 9 Boston Globe: Avoiding a nuclear North Korea - 10 Korea Times: US Denies Halting Food Aid to NK 11 US: Kucinich On US Space Weapons 12 US: DenverPost.com: U.S. must lead on nuclear treaty 13 US: Independent: Private equity firms eye BNFL's US unit 14 USNews.com: New details about Soviet Cold War intentions 15 USNews.com: A radioactive contract 16 WorldNetDaily: NPT vigilantes 17 The Observer: Tilting at windmills: nation split over energy eyesore NUCLEAR REACTORS 18 US: NukeNet] VT Yankee officials threaten to close plant 19 US: UPI: Outside view: Huge costs of nuclear power - 20 US: toledoblade.com: NRC to disband Besse watchdog panel 21 US: JOURNAL NEWS: NRC rejects call for backup power at nuclear plant 22 US: News-Leader.com: Task force takes on nuclear power 23 Xinhua: Vietnam, Russia cooperate in nuclear energy 24 US: News 10: New nuclear plant? 25 US: Brattleboro Reformer: VY officials threaten to close plant 26 Sofia Morning News: Environmentalists Oppose Sofia Nuclear Reactor R 27 UK The Times: Wanted: nuclear workers NUCLEAR SECURITY NUCLEAR SAFETY 28 US: Seattle Post-Intelligencer: Downwinders' court win seen as 'grea 29 Hawk Eye: Senators encouraged by talks 30 US: Hawk Eye: IAAP effort moves ahead NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE 31 US: NukeNet: House funds interim nuclear storage 32 US: HoustonChronicle.com: Radioactive waste begins its journey to Te 33 US: L.A. Daily News: Cleanup planned for site by homes 34 Japan Times: New nuclear-fuel cycle moratorium opposed by Japan 35 US: Bradenton Herald: Tallevast prepares for signing 36 US: Bradenton Herald: State officials to release delayed review of T PEACE 37 Taipei Times: The moral case against nuclear proliferation US DEPT. OF ENERGY 38 Tri-City Herald: House approves funds for projects 39 The Argus: We suggest public-private approach for Los Alamos 40 Times-News: Idaho nuclear watchdogs wary of uranium consolidation ***************************************************************** ***************************************************************** FULL NEWS STORIES ***************************************************************** ***************************************************************** 1 Guardian Unlimited: Iran Warns Europe to Make Nuke Talks Work From the Associated Press [UP] Sunday May 22, 2005 4:31 PM By NASSER KARIMI Associated Press Writer TEHRAN, Iran (AP) - Iran's foreign minister said Sunday that Europe has more to lose than Tehran if the Western countries ask the U.N. Security Council to take action on its nuclear program. Foreign Ministry spokesman Hamid Reza Asefi warned that if this week's talks with France, Britain and Germany fail, Iran would act on its own. ``The Europeans will sustain more damage than us if the talks have no result and Iran's case is taken to the U.N. Security Council,'' Asefi told reporters. ``The case will turn into a crisis they cannot manage any longer and the Islamic Republic will act unilaterally,'' he warned, without elaborating. The 25-nation European Union has threatened to take Iran to the Security Council for possible sanctions if it resumes nuclear fuel development, an early stage in preparing raw uranium that could be used either to fuel a power reactor or for a nuclear weapon. Iran suspended such activities as a good will gesture in November. The Iranians say their nuclear program is geared merely toward generating electricity but Washington believes it is secretly developing nuclear weapons. The Europeans want Tehran to abandon its enrichment activities in exchange for economic aid and technical support. Iran's top nuclear negotiator, Hasan Rowhani, is scheduled to meet foreign ministers of France, Britain and Germany in Geneva on Wednesday. This round of talks, which comes after a series of fruitless others, will show whether the two parties can cooperate in the future or whether they will reach a ``dead end,'' Asefi said. EU foreign ministers meeting in Brussels on Monday were expected to back continued European talks. The EU has offered Iran a free trade pact, on top of technical and other economic aid in exchange for not developing a nuclear weapons program. But the trade and aid deals were contingent on Iran agreeing to halt its nuclear program, an EU official said in Brussels on condition of anonymity due to the sensitivity of the talks. Asefi said his country signed the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty to enjoy its advantages, meaning the right to develop peaceful nuclear energy. ``It seems that the other party keeps on insisting on the treaty's restrictions only when it comes to Iran,'' he said. Tehran repeatedly has said it won't give up its right under the NPT to enrich uranium but is prepared to offer strong guarantees that its nuclear program won't be diverted toward nuclear weapons. Earlier this week the Islamic Republic said it would endure U.N. economic sanctions rather than give up nuclear fuel development. Iran suspended all uranium enrichment-related activities six months ago to build international confidence and avoid being referred to the U.N. Security Council. Iran has vowed to resume uranium reprocessing activities at its Isfahan Uranium Conversion Facility in central Iran but has agreed to give Europeans a ``last chance'' for a possible breakthrough in negotiations. Asefi reiterated that the decision to restart work at that facility is not reversible. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 2 Xinhua: Iran threatens to take unilateral measures if nuclear talks fail www.xinhuanet.com www.chinaview.cn 2005-05-22 20:30:49 TEHRAN, May 22 (Xinhuanet) -- Iran threatened on Sunday to take "unilateral measures" if the next round of nuclear talks with the three European Union powers ended in failure. "Europeans know if the negotiations yield no fruits at last, the issue will go to a crisis that they cannot overcome and Iran will take unilateral measures," Foreign Ministry spokesman Hamid-Reza Asefi told reporters. Iran and the EU will kick off a new round of nuclear talks on Wednesday as a last-ditch effort to fend off a final showdown. Calling on Europe to seize the "last chance", Asefi said Iran's next move will depend on the outcome of Wednesday's discussions. Iran, impatient of the "prolonged" nuclear talks after its proposal of keeping restricted enrichment program was turned down repeatedly by the EU, threatened in late April that it would definitely resume part of its uranium enrichment activities. This announcement drew immediate condemnation from the European trio of Britain, France and Germany, who warned to back a US call for Iran's nuclear case to be referred to the UN Security Council for possible sanctions if the resumption comes true. The EU has been persuading Iran to give up its uranium enrichment program in exchange for political and economic incentive since Iran suspended uranium enrichment activities last November as only a "temporary and voluntary" move. The EU shared the US fear that Iran's nuclear program could be used to develop nuclear weapons. However, Iran insists it will never give up its legitimate rights to uranium enrichment which Tehran says is for civilian use only. Enditem Copyright ©2003 Xinhua News Agency. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 3 Persian Journal: Russia to continue nuclear cooperation with Iran - http://www.iranian.ws May 21, 2005 Head of Russia's Atomic Energy Agency Alexander Rumyantsev reiterated here Friday that Moscow will continue its nuclear cooperation with Tehran. "Even the US cannot inflict the least damage on Russia's cooperation with Iran," Rumyantsev said in a meeting with Iran's outgoing Ambassador to Russia Gholam Reza Shafei. Noting that President Vladimir Putin of Russia attached great importance to all-out cooperation between Moscow and Tehran, particularly in the area of nuclear activities, Rumyantsev stressed that the president considered Tehran as Moscow's "strategic ally in southern Russia." As to the Bushehr power plant which is under construction with the help of Russian experts in southern Iran, he said that the plant would become operational on schedule (set for late 2006). He noted that Russia would supply fuel for Bushehr power plant on the basis of an agreement signed between the two sides. Meanwhile, the Iranian ambassador, for his part, urged the timely starting up of the Bushehr power plant based on Tehran-Moscow agreement made earlier this year. "According to the announcement made by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the world public opinion, Iran's nuclear program is completely peaceful," Shafei said. "In light of the national demands, the Islamic Republic will not turn the temporary and voluntary suspension of uranium enrichment into a permanent halt of the activity and also expects Russia's support within the framework of international regulations in that regard," he added. Shafei added that transparent measures taken by the two countries during the past two years convinced even the toughest opponents of Iran-Russia nuclear ties that bilateral cooperation on Bushehr power plant was peaceful. Deputy Head of Iran's Atomic Energy Organization (IAEO) for International Affairs, Mohammad Saeedi, who was also present at the meeting, said that Iran called for interaction and dialogue in its nuclear program. However he noted that Europe should understand Tehran's conditions since "enrichment is a national demand." He added that Iran was implementing the Additional Protocol to the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), despite the fact that it had not been approved by the Majlis (Parliament). He noted that any state that would sign the protocol was not likely to move toward development of nuclear weapons. Rumyantsev, who is also the Russian head of Iran-Russia Joint Economic Commission, outlined expansion of bilateral exchanges and cooperation between the two countries as well as holding successful joint commissions for economic and trade cooperation during Shafei's mission in Moscow. ***************************************************************** 4 AFP: Despite tough talk, Iran expected to step back from brink on nuclear threat Sunday May 22, 04:38 AM LONDON (AFP) - Despite all the tough talk, Iran will likely delay acting on its threat to resume its nuclear program during talks this week with the European Union (EU), analysts say. The conservative Shiite Muslim government in Tehran is in fact posturing for its presidential elections next month, as well as skillfully using brinksmanship to advance its national interests, they say. But that is as far as it goes, at least for now. The Iranians do not want to force the EU to haul them before the United Nations Security Council in New York, where they risk harsh sanctions in the short run and even US-backed military action in the longer term, they said. Iran knows what it is up against, said Gary Samore, an Iran expert at the London-based International Institute of Strategic Studies (IISS). "I think Iran's position is weaker now because the Western allies are working in much closer consort" than they were before US President George W. Bush was re-elected last November, Samore told AFP. "That argues in favor of Iran continuing to delay (resuming the nuclear program) until they feel they're in a stronger position and they can afford to walk away from the negotiations with the EU-3 with less danger," he said. Samore added that the Iranians, though skilled negotiators, are nonetheless "very worried about" the risk of military action. The EU-3 are foreign ministers Jack Straw of Britain, Michel Barnier of France and Joschka Fischer of Germany, who may meet with the Iranians in Geneva on Wednesday, a day after a lower-level meeting in Brussels, diplomats say. The EU-3 called an emergency meeting with Iran after Tehran announced it would resume uranium conversion work, a move that would violate the November accord on freezing nuclear fuel processing and opening long-term talks. Iran has agreed to hold off from resuming uranium conversion -- a precursor to the ultra-sensitive enrichment process which has prompted fears of a secret weapons program -- pending this week's talks. But several Iranian officials said they held out little hope of reaching an agreement with the EU-3, saying the Europeans are hostage to a hardline US position. Ali Ansari, an analyst at the University of St Andrews in Scotland and the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London, said the Iranian government had to appear tough before the elections. "Basically, I don't think the Iranians are going ahead with their uranium enrichment as yet. I think they'll wait, then the Europeans will say: 'Let's wait till your elections are over.'" Ansari suggested it was a "managed crisis" to promote moderate Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani's bid for president, a job he held once before, Ansari said. Andrew Koch, the Washington bureau chief for Jane's Defence Weekly, said the Iranians were "not nearly as close" to breaking off the negotiations or resuming the nuclear program as their public statements might suggest. Nor did he share the view of US hardliners who believe the Iranians have taken the decision to build nuclear weapons. Instead, he believes the Iranians are merely pushing towards having a nuclear weapons capability. "The Iranians want to be able to sit on the fence, and they want the ability to have the option on short notice to cross that line (to build weapons) if there is ever a real crisis," Koch said. "But I don't believe they've come anywhere close to crossing that line." The Europeans, who believe Iran wants a nuclear capability, fear that going the Security Council route would isolate the Iranians and force their hand on building weapons, he added. Hardliners in the US administration believe Iran took the decision to build weapons a long time ago and therefore should be isolated, he added. Copyright © 2005 AFP AFP. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 5 Guardian Unlimited: N. Korea Claims Confusion by U.S. Position From the Associated Press [UP] Sunday May 22, 2005 11:46 PM By SOO-JEONG LEE Associated Press Writer SEOUL, South Korea (AP) - North Korea said Sunday it was confused by U.S. policy toward the reclusive communist state, but it did not rule out returning to six-nation negotiations over its nuclear weapons program. In the statement, a Foreign Ministry spokesman confirmed a May 13 meeting between State Department representatives and North Korean officials at the United Nations and said conflicting remarks by U.S. officials only ``confuse'' the U.S. position at a time when the communist state is ``cautiously considering'' the American position. The statement Sunday, monitored by South Korea's Yonhap news agency, comes amid a flurry of efforts to get North Korea back to the bargaining table following its announcement two weeks ago that it has removed 8,000 fuel rods from a reactor, a step toward extracting weapons-grade plutonium. Citing differences between Washington's public and private statements, the North's official Korean Central News Agency quoted a Foreign Ministry spokesman: Pyongyang ``will continue to closely watch the U.S. side's attitude, and when the time comes we will officially deliver to the U.S. side our position through the New York contacts.'' The statement stood in contrast with the North's earlier vitriolic rhetoric against the United States, accusing the Bush administration of plotting to attack to overthrow its government. The State Department had no immediate comment, but has said the May 13 meeting did not include negotiations and only involved restating Washington's position on nuclear non-proliferation. But the Foreign Ministry spokesman, however, said U.S. officials reaffirmed recognition of the North's sovereignty and said it would not attack. The spokesman complained that some U.S. officials were still making threatening remarks. ``If the United States sincerely wants to resolve the issue through the six-party talks, it should move in the direction to actually make conditions and atmosphere so that the talks can open,'' the spokesman said. The spokesman reaffirmed North Korea's commitment ``to peacefully resolve the issue through dialogue and negotiations.'' The North has demanded the United States end its ``hostile policy'' and apologize for remarks by Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice calling it an ``outpost of tyranny'' in January. Rice said earlier this month that the United States ``recognizes that North Korea is sovereign.'' But Washington's chief envoy on North Korea, Christopher Hill, said during a visit to Seoul last week that a nuclear test by Pyongyang would provoke unspecified action. Japanese officials have indicated a nuclear test would lead them to seek U.N. sanctions, which the North has called tantamount to a declaration of war. Last week, the North and South held their first face-to-face talks in 10 months and agreed to set a date for a Cabinet-level meeting next month. The North may be driven by a critical need for aid. A North Korean cargo ship arrived in South Korea on Sunday to pick up fertilizer for the impoverished country - the first such vessel from the isolated communist regime to dock here in 21 years. The shipment was part of Seoul's agreement last week to give 200,000 tons of fertilizer to the North. Officials said shipments between the countries will be completed by June. North Korea has been dependent on outside aid since the 1990s, when more than 1 million people are estimated to have died from famine there. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 6 Korea Herald: [EDITORIALS]Chung mission to N.K. South and North Korea will meet this week in a follow-up to the talks on fertilizer aid last week. The forthcoming meeting will no doubt serve as another test showing where inter-Korean relations will be headed in the future. The agenda for working-level talks this week focuses on the dispatch of a South Korean official delegation to Pyongyang on the anniversary of the South-North Joint Declaration, issued by former President Kim Dae-jung and North Korean leader Kim Jong-il on June 15, 2000. When they met on South Korean fertilizer shipments to the North last week, the two sides agreed on the visit by the official delegation headed by a ministerial-level official but stopped short of deciding on anything else about the trip. Now they will have to decide on the details, including who will lead how many delegates. It is widely assumed South Korea will advance Unification Minister Chung Dong-young as the potential chief delegate. Indeed, no other person is better qualified for the job, given that he is responsible for overall inter-Korean relations as a cabinet member. In addition, he is being groomed as one of the potential candidates to succeed President Roh Moo-hyun. But his selection as the chief delegate is not a done deal, given a previous warning from Pyongyang that it would not allow Chung to set foot on its territory again. The warning came when South Korea airlifted 486 North Korean refugees from Vietnam in July 2004. Also in protest, Pyongyang cut off official dialogue with Seoul until it came out to the talks on fertilizer aid last week. If it has a rational mind, however, Pyongyang will not veto Chung. By doing so, it would have far more to lose than gain from South Korea, which appears to be considering providing the North with massive economic aid in return for dismantling its nuclear weapons program. Instead, North Korea will do well to make the best use of Chung's visit to its advantage. For instance, it may offer to arrange a meeting with Kim Jong-il, not for a courtesy call but for in-depth talks, possibly as President Roh's emissary. With tension fast building over North Korea's nuclear ambitions, President Roh needs to communicate his ideas about security to Kim, via his special envoy if not directly. The last thing he wishes to see is tension escalating into war with the United States, which vows not to tolerate North Korea's nuclear armament. Roh said in a recent reception for Seoul-based diplomats, "It is our earnest hope to forestall any armed conflict no matter what it costs." Seoul has offered to make an "important proposal" for Pyongyang should it return to nuclear negotiations with the United States, China, Japan and Russia, as well as South Korea. Though it refused to elaborate on the proposal, it appears to be promising massive economic aid designed to fatten U.S. President George W. Bush's "bold initiative," which is suggestive of diplomatic recognition, economic support and security assurances. By sending Chung to Pyongyang as his emissary as well as the chief delegate, Roh could elaborate to Kim Jong-il on what he means by the "important proposal." Through Chung, he may also propose a second inter-Korea summit on peaceful coexistence pending reunification. Such a proposal will be all the more appropriate if it is made on the fifth anniversary of the 2000 South-North Joint Declaration, which had a final paragraph reading, "President Kim Dae-jung cordially invited National Defense Commission Chairman Kim Jong-il to visit Seoul, and Chairman Kim Jong-il agreed to visit Seoul at an appropriate time in the future." There is much to do for peace at the summit level. And Kim Jong-il's return visit is long overdue, to say the least. 2005.05.23 ***************************************************************** 7 Korea Herald: June a critical month for nuke standoff By Lee Joo-hee 2005.05.23 June is shaping up as a critical turning point in the North Korean nuclear standoff as key players seek to thaw the nearly year-long freeze in the six-party talks with a series of summit meetings. Other factors raising cautious optimism are a meeting 10 days ago between North Korean and U.S. officials in New York and the resumption last week of inter-Korean talks after a 10-month hiatus. Separate summits between the leaders of South Korea, the United States and Japan are planned next month and a top-level Chinese-North Korean session also is likely. And, there is continuing speculation suggesting the North may return to the negotiating table in the near future to discuss how to peacefully resolve the issue of its nuclear weapons program. Experts say it is premature to forecast the fate of the six-way talks between the Koreas, United States, China, Japan and Russia that have been stalled since last June last year because of a Pyongyang boycott. But everyone is watching closely what the North will choose to do next: acknowledge the diplomatic efforts by other members to revive the talks and open the way for aid to the impoverished communist state or continue its adamant position on developing nuclear weapons and further isolate itself. One small bright spot at the weekend was a statement by the United States over the weekend that it is discussing food aid to the destitute communist state with the World Food Program. Although food aid is not directly connected to the aloof bilateral relationship between Washington and Pyongyang, the U.S. decision sends another positive signal to the North, analysts here said. "At this point we are considering the needs in North Korea. We are following the situation closely," State Department spokesman Richard Boucher said in Washington. Over the weekend, the South started sending trucks laden with fertilizer aid to the North and cargo ships from North Korea yesterday entered a South Korean port to load more fertilizer. The North Korean vessels are scheduled to make a total of 10 trips with 82,000 tons. Altogether 200,000 tons of fertilizer are being given to the North by the South to help farmers with their spring seedings. Vice-Unification Minister Lee Bong-jo, who led Seoul's delegation to last week's inter-Korean talks in the border town of Gaeseong just above the Demilitarized Zone, said in a radio interview Friday, "The conditions and environment to resume the six-party talks are being formed at present." Lee also said, "The (reopened) inter-Korean communication channel can create an advantageous situation to solve the North Korean nuclear problem ..." Unification Minister Chung Dong-young is expected to make his first trip to Pyongyang on June 15 to attend a ceremony marking the anniversary of the historical summit meeting between South Korea's then-president, Kim Dae-jung, and North Korean leader Kim Jong-il. Cabinet-level talks are also scheduled in Seoul later in the month. The ball now appears to be in Pyongyang's court after its officials at the United Nations agreed to talks with U.S. officials on May 13. The State Department's special envoy to the six-party talks, Joseph DeTrani, met North Korean representatives to the United Nations and reportedly confirmed Washington acknowledges North Korea as a sovereign state and that bilateral talks within the six-party framework were possible. Previously, on May 8, North Korea said it will make a "final decision" whether to return to the six-party talks after personally confirming Washington's standpoint. News reports from Japan in the pas week predicted that Pyongyang's response will be disclosed in about two weeks. The daily Sankei Shimbun reported yesterday the North has told China it may announce next week a return to stalled six-way talks on its nuclear weapons programme if Beijing agrees to a number of conditions. Pyongyang demanded that China provide economic aid and try to set up a direct meeting with the United States within the six-party framework, it reported, quoting U.S. diplomatic sources. North Korea also wants Beijing to agree to back its position at the talks, rather than supporting Washington. Should the North Korea return to the talks, Washington has said it is willing to take a creative, flexible and forward-looking attitude while Seoul has promised to make an "important proposal." But if North Korea decides to continue to hold out, the other members at the six-party talks are most likely to add joint pressure against the communist state and consider various hard-line measures, such as referring North Korea's nuclear project to the U.N. Security Council. The coming summits are also vital. President Roh Moo-hyun is set to meet with U.S. President George W. Bush in Washington and Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi in Seoul next month. Details have not been firmed up yet. Additionally, Chinese President Hu Jintao has tentative plans for a June visit to Pyongyang but no dates have been confirmed. (angiely@heraldm.com) ***************************************************************** 8 Japan Times: U.S. could play Japan nuke card to press China on N. Korea Sunday, May 22, 2005 WASHINGTON (Kyodo) U.S. policymakers should highlight Japan's possible nuclear pursuit and other security repercussions when pressing Beijing to stop North Korea from testing nuclear weapons, according to a Senate Republican policy panel. "A test in North Korea would certainly raise the prospect of a major public debate in Japan over whether to turn its latent nuclear capabilities in its civilian and space sectors into an overt nuclear weapons program," the U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee said in a report distributed to senators last week. While also pointing out various "far-reaching" effects on the security and political dynamics in the Asia-Pacific region, the panel said: "It's not too late to avert a North Korean nuclear test. However, the key to preventing a nuclear test lies primarily on China." As a paramount policy option, the United States must "essentially" demand that China "make a choice: either help out or face the possibility of other nuclear neighbors," according to the report. "Helping the United States would include participating fully in the quarantine of North Korea, tolerating Japanese, South Korean and Taiwanese missile defense programs, and doing nothing to pressure the South Koreans to agree to a confederation with North Korea," the panel said. The six-page report emphasizes China's role in hammering out policy options for the U.S. after assessing possible national reactions in the Asia-Pacific region and various scenarios if North Korea goes ahead with its recently reported plan to carry out a nuclear test. President George W. Bush's Republican allies in the Senate compiled the report at a time when the Bush administration has also repeatedly urged China to step up its influence on North Korea to return to the stalled six-party talks on its nuclear ambitions. The talks also involve Japan, South Korea and Russia. "Resolving the North Korean nuclear crisis immediately and peacefully is a clear test for China," the panel said. As one of three scenarios, the panel said the U.S. officials will explain a "mutually beneficial outcome" to China. "For China, such an outcome might include U.S. restraint on Japan's and Taiwan's nuclear ambitions," the panel said. But U.S. policymakers "would then note that, should China not agree to help resolve the nuclear crisis in this manner, the United States may not be able to restrain nuclear proliferation efforts within the region as much as it may like to." "Clearly for the United States, the positive outcome would be the dismantlement of North Korea's nuclear program and, ideally, the end of the Kim Jong Il regime," the panel said. The second scenario envisions the development of an "alliance system" of Taiwan, Australia, South Korea, Japan and other democracies in East Asia to counter North Korea. While China likely would not welcome such an alliance, its development or even discussions would force Beijing to "decide if it wanted to be helpful in resolving the North Korean crisis," the panel said. In the other scenario on global acceptance of North Korea as a new nuclear power, the panel warned that it would be interpreted by Iran, Syria and other "rogue" states, as well as countries such as Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Egypt, Algeria, Saudi Arabia and Brazil, that the pursuit of a nuclear weapons program would not be opposed, leading to "dramatic consequences" for U.S. national security. As for national reactions in the United States, U.S. policymakers have initial options of enhancing diplomatic discussions through the six-party talks, introducing a U.N. Security Council resolution condemning Pyongyang, and applying economic sanctions and possibly a naval blockade against North Korea, the panel said. While accelerating missile defense cooperation with its allies, the United States is expected to expand its permanently stationed forces at sea and on land, including possible nuclear deployments, the panel said. "U.S. forces likely would be put on a higher alert, prepared to respond to any sign of North Korean aggression, perhaps even pre-emptively," it said. The Japan Times: May 22, 2005 (C) All rights reserved ***************************************************************** 9 Boston Globe: Avoiding a nuclear North Korea - Boston.com - Avoiding a nuclear North Korea Boston Globe IN FIFTH century China, there lived a monk named Tai Qin, who was intellectually savvy since childhood. Once the abbot asked a question: ''There is a bell hanging on a tiger's neck; who can untie it?" Everyone was rendered speechless except little Tai Qin: ''The one who tied the bell on the tiger can untie it." Anne Wu May 22, 2005 IN FIFTH century China, there lived a monk named Tai Qin, who was intellectually savvy since childhood. Once the abbot asked a question: ''There is a bell hanging on a tiger's neck; who can untie it?" Everyone was rendered speechless except little Tai Qin: ''The one who tied the bell on the tiger can untie it." The nuclear bell from North Korea has sounded strident for two years. Pyongyang's pursuit of nuclear weapons would not have taken place without the perceived threat of the United States. For better or worse, North Korea thinks the United States tied the bell around its neck. Washington, perceived to incite Pyongyang's nuclear ambition and in direct confrontation with North Korea's nuclear weapons program, must be the one to untie it. Pyongyang already declared that it has nuclear weapons and is rumored to test a bomb this June. Such a step would make North Korea a full-fledged nuclear power operating outside of the nuclear non-proliferation regime. The six-party talks that also include China, South Korea, Japan, and Russia, have been deadlocked since last June. North Korea rebuffed Washington's proposal for ''complete, verifiable, and irreversible denuclearization" in return for a provisional security guarantee and the lifting of sanctions. Pyongyang's refusal to respond prompted flak from Washington with references to the state as an ''outpost of tyranny," giving North Korea one more excuse to postpone a return to the talks. North Korea continues to insist that America's hostile policy is the crux of the problem. The United States has branded North Korea as the major obstacle to resume the talks. China has been pressed into service by the United States to bring Pyongyang to the table, but this has not yet proven successful. A Chinese diplomat was quoted as saying that the unyielding position of the United States is the basic reason for the impasse. In short, Washington's inflexibility and relentless rhetoric is preventing solution on the North Korean peninsula, and yet Washington is the only party that can bring about resolution. Washington can, if it wishes, convince Pyongyang that there is nothing to fear from American primacy as long as it gives up its nuclear weapons. As the world superpower and leader in the globalized economy, the United States could lead an engagement policy that would bring security to the region and demonstrate opportunities for increased economic stability. By being prepared to accept an initial freeze of Pyongyang's plutonium program without immediately insisting on its ultimate objective of ''complete, verifiable, and irreversible denuclearization," the United States would accomplish the task of offering a viable solution for North Korea to save face, while reducing the tension building in the region. Additionally, bilateral contact between Washington and Pyongyang outside the six-party talks, similar to Jimmy Carter's visit to Pyongyang in the 1994 nuclear crisis, can help to break the ice. Chinese President Hu Jintao could pay a visit to Pyongyang, and South Korea could revive high-level dialogue with North Korea, but those efforts pale to any initiative by Washington. Only Washington can attempt to alleviate Kim Jong Il's deep sense of insecurity. To the contrary, coercive measures from the United Nations or China will be the last straw for Pyongyang to escalate its nuclear ambitions, including an imminent nuclear test. With the world truly against them, North Korea will have little to lose by not flexing its nuclear muscle. Only sincerity and flexibility from Washington can bring Pyongyang back to talks and to negotiating disarmament for a reasonable price. The other parties in the talks are watching Washington to decide their next course of action. Beijing has indicated its willingness to nudge North Korea further if Washington will put a package on the table that China believes is sufficient to ask Pyongyang to accept. As the world steps closer to the brink of a nuclear North Korea, it is the United States that must step forward to alleviate the situation. To be sure, the other parties in the talks must take their share of the responsibility for potential failure, but blame for a nuclear volatile Asia will surely fall on the intransigence of the party thought to have tied the bell around the tiger's neck in the first place. Anne Wu is a fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. ***************************************************************** 10 Korea Times: US Denies Halting Food Aid to NK Hankooki.com > The Korea Times > Nation By Reuben Staines Staff Reporter The United States has denied a report that it has halted food aid to North Korea amid a deepening standoff over the impoverished communist country¡¯s nuclear weapons programs. State Department spokesman Richard Boucher said a Wall Street Journal article claiming Washington had stopped its food donations to the North is incorrect. ``We¡¯ve completed last year¡¯s shipments of 50,000 tons and we¡¯re considering what we might want to do this year,¡¯¡¯ he told reporters at a regular briefing in Washington on Friday. Boucher said political factors such as the nuclear dispute will not affect Washington¡¯s decision on humanitarian aid to the North. ``It doesn't have to do with the comings and goings and rise and fall of six-party talks or any other issue like that,¡¯¡¯ he said, referring to the stalled nuclear negotiations with the North. ``We do want to help the people of North Korea and make sure the people who are in need get the food that they need,¡¯¡¯ he said. The U.N.¡¯s World Food Program (WFP) has expressed growing concerns about the lack of donations for North Korea. The organization will be unable to feed nearly half of the 6.5 million North Koreans viewed as urgently in need of assistance if no fresh aid pledges are received by the end of summer, according to Richard Reagan, head of the WFP¡¯s Pyongyang office. He told Radio Free Asia on Saturday that no large donations have been received for the North since October, when South Korea provided 100,000 tons of food. The WFP needs 40,000 tons of food, worth about $15 million, per month to feed the target beneficiaries. Boucher, however, did not know when the U.S. would make its decision on providing aid to North Korea but said it would come before the end of the financial year on Sept. 30. Last year¡¯s pledge was made in late July. The situation in the North would be weighed against the competing needs of other countries, he said. Boucher said the ability to guarantee that the food is received by those in need and not diverted to the North¡¯s 1.2-million-strong army is also a factor. ``We¡¯re very concerned about monitoring,¡¯¡¯ the spokesman said. Tensions have risen over North Korea¡¯s advancing nuclear weapons programs in recent months, with U.S. officials warning they are considering taking punitive measures if it does not resume denuclearization talks soon. Washington is pushing Beijing to cut off fuel supplies and other assistance to Pyongyang in order to force it back to the bargaining table. A Republican Party policy panel recommended last week that the U.S. should highlight the possibility of Japan pursuing nuclear arms if North Korea is not disarmed when it urges China to take a tougher line. ``A test in North Korea would certainly raise the prospect of a major public debate in Japan over whether to turn its latent nuclear capabilities in its civilian and space sectors into an overt nuclear weapons program,¡¯¡¯ the Senate committee said in a report. It said the U.S. should demand that China make a choice to ``either help out or face the possibility of other nuclear neighbors.¡¯¡¯ North Korea has boycotted six-party talks aimed at ending the nuclear crisis since June. Earlier this month, Pyongyang declared it has completed unloading 8,000 fuel rods from its Yongbyon reactor. Reprocessing will give it enough plutonium to produce two to three more nuclear bombs. rjs@koreatimes.co.kr 05-22-2005 20:05 ***************************************************************** 11 Kucinich On US Space Weapons Date: Sat, 21 May 2005 23:41:35 -0500 (CDT) Kucinich On US Space Weapons, Control Of The World Institute for Cooperation in Space rosin@peaceinspace.com 5-19-5 "The Administration is considering putting weapons in outer space, to give the United States the power to control the world. This astronomical arrogance pushes not simply aggression to new heights, but may well preclude our nation from spending money for anything other than weapons, which will cost hundreds of billions of dollars. "The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 states that it is "the policy of the United States that activities in space should be devoted to peaceful purposes for the benefit of all mankind." Space was envisioned as a place of cooperation, of confirming human unity, a place where we could aspire to build a new platform of peace, fulfilling the prophecy of the poet Browning who wrote: "but a man's reach should exceed his grasp, or what's a heaven for?" "What has happened to our country? Why are we projecting fear and paranoia to such heights? Have we so lost our way and our faith that we are prepared to transform the heavens into hell? If the kingdom and the will of God is to be done on earth as it is in heaven, what is to happen when the United States takes nuclear fire up to the gates of heaven? "Such an offense against humanity could bring the wrath of God upon this nation." Representative Dennis Kucinich U.S. Congress Rep. Kucinich will soon be re-introducing the U.S.Space Preservation Act..... ICIS - U.S. Space Preservation Act http://www.peaceinspace.com/sp_act.shtml Comment from Mike Rivero at www.WhatReallyHappened.com I suggest that the US has already militarized space. Even for the Pentagon., three trillion dollars is a lot of money to go missing. And, as we saw over Finland just yesterday, a lot of space objects seem to be getting knocked out of the sky. www.solari.com/learn/articles_missingmoney.htm ***************************************************************** 12 DenverPost.com: U.S. must lead on nuclear treaty OPINION Article Launched: 05/21/2005 03:09:52 PM By Ved P. Nanda The 1970 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, currently under review at a United Nations conference in New York, needs to be strengthened, because the system created by the treaty faces formidable challenges. First and foremost is the apparent ease of withdrawal and non-compliance. North Korea and Iran aptly illustrate the gravity of the problem: North Korea withdrew from the treaty in 2003, and Iran has been accused of secretly pursuing a nuclear weapons program for the last 18 years. The safety and security of nuclear weapons, materials and technology, and nuclear facilities, is another key challenge. Yet another is nuclear disarmament and regulation and control of the nuclear fuel cycle, because of its close relationship with weapon development. It is a major loophole that the technology and equipment used for civilian nuclear power programs can be easily transferred to the production of weapons. And, the possibility of nuclear terrorism is the ultimate challenge. After more than a week of deliberations, no progress has yet been made on any of these problem areas. The parties have not even agreed on the agenda yet; the preparatory conferences leading up to this review conference also failed to agree on the conference's agenda. There is a standoff between some of the nuclear weapons states, such as the U.S. and Britain - which emphasize non-proliferation and the obligation of non-nuclear weapons states not to acquire nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices - and several non-nuclear weapons states, which accuse the nuclear states of not living up to their side of the bargain under the treaty. In fact, the states already possessing nuclear weapons committed themselves under the treaty to "pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control." The nuclear states were strongly reminded of this in 1996 when the International Court of Justice urged them to live up to this commitment, saying, "It remains without any doubt an objective of vital importance to the whole of the international community today." Some developing countries accuse the U.S. of backtracking and further refining nuclear technology to build new weapons, rather than reducing its arsenal. The U.S. refusal to ratify the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, its withdrawal from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and its decision to deploy a national missile defense network have led many developing countries to question its seriousness about the the non-proliferation treaty. They also accuse the U.S. of double standards, as it did not take stringent measures to address a Pakistani nuclear scientist's black-market operations. Some have taken umbrage at the U.S. delegation's being led by only an assistant secretary of state for arms control, rather than a higher official, indicating perhaps that it does not put much importance on the review conference. Speaking on behalf of "non-aligned" developing states, Malaysian Foreign Minister Syed Hamid Albar said recently, "The nuclear weapons states continue to develop and modernize their nuclear arsenals. We must call for an end to this madness." North Korea, which Mohamed el Baradei, the head of the International Atomic Energy Agency, has recently said may have sufficient weapons-grade plutonium to make six weapons, remains a major challenge. China and South Korea are trying to convince it to resume talks after almost a year of stalemate. El Baradei has requested the Bush administration to soften its hard line so that six-party talks can resume. Apparently the United States does not want to give in to North Korea's blackmail tactics, but it will test U.S. diplomatic skills to find a peaceful solution. Iran poses a serious challenge, as well, as it announced recently that it will resume its uranium enrichment activities that it had suspended in response to the diplomatic efforts of Britain, France, and Germany. According to nuclear experts, Iran already possesses 37 tons of enriched uranium converted into gas, which may suffice to manufacture five nuclear weapons. The non-proliferation treaty remains the centerpiece of international efforts to halt the spread of nuclear weapons and technology. It has certainly slowed the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Leadership from the United States is essential to ensure that the treaty does not unravel. To strengthen it further will demand a major policy and diplomatic investment by the U.S. Ved P. Nanda is Thompson Marsh Professor of Law and director of the International Legal Studies Program at the University of Denver. All contents Copyright 2005 The Denver Post or other copyright ***************************************************************** 13 Independent: Private equity firms eye BNFL's US unit www.independent.co.uk By Katherine Griffiths in New York 21 May 2005 Westinghouse, the US nuclear arm of BNFL, has been put up for sale by the British government, attracting interest from a variety of bidders including a private equity firm chaired by Dan Quayle, a former American vice president. Rothschild, bankers to the publicly owned BNFL, are handling the sale and are looking for in excess of $1bn for Westinghouse. The Pittsburgh-based company is one of the largest providers of nuclear technology in the world, and is one of three contenders to win a multibillion-dollar contract to build 30 reactors in China by 2020. Cerberus Global Investments, which Mr Quayle joined in 2000, has informed the Government that it is interested in buying Westinghouse, and has assembled a team of well-known names from the nuclear sector to lead the bid, according to New York financial circles. They include Norman Askew, a former chief executive of BNFL and currently the chairman of Manchester-based IMI, an engineering company. Also involved are Charles Pryor, a former head of Westinghouse and currently president of Urenco, the state-owned uranium enrichment company. They declined to comment. Blackstone, the New York-based buyout group, is also thought to be eyeing Westinghouse closely, along with Oaktree Capital, a Los Angeles-based buyout firm. The business could also attract attention from industry buyers, such as the Louisiana-based Shaw Group or France's Areva. Barry Gardiner, the minister in charge of overseeing government-owned businesses, and BNFL's board are expected to approve the Westinghouse prospectus within the next few weeks. Government officials have already had conversations with interested buyers and are likely to meet bidders after the prospectus has been circulated. The Government's decision to sell Westinghouse comes at a time of unprecedented interest in the US and UK in nuclear energy as a way of meeting targets to cut carbon emissions from fossil fuels. That is likely to make Westinghouse particularly desirable at the moment. The Government may also build a stipulation into the deal which would require the acquirer to pay more if Westinghouse wins the reactor contract in China, which will not be decided until late this year. At the same time, divesting Westinghouse will remove Downing Street's obligation to use the British-owned group in any future programme of building new reactors in the UK. Sources said Whitehall officials prefer the cutting-edge technology developed by competitors in France and South Africa. BNFL would not comment on the sale of Westinghouse. A spokesperson for the Department of Trade and Industry said no formal decision had been taken on the deal. Nuclear industry circles have been speculating on Westinghouse's future since its chief executive, Steve Tritch, told an industry meeting in Pittsburgh last month that "there are people in the British government considering whether Westinghouse ought to continue to be part of BNFL or whether Westinghouse ought to have a new home". The company was bought by BNFL in 1999. Cerberus, which has about $15bn under management, would not comment on the deal. It is understood that Messrs Askew and Pryor would form a new board at Westinghouse if the bid succeeds. But their close ties to other parts of the nuclear industry could raise difficulties for the Government. Mr Pryor at Urenco is running a business with financial connections to BNFL. ©2005 Independent News &Media (UK) Ltd. ***************************************************************** 14 USNews.com: New details about Soviet Cold War intentions (5/30/05) [USNews.com - U.S.News & World Report] The Paper Trail New details about Soviet Cold War intentions By Alex Kingsbury This month marks the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Warsaw Pact. Newly declassified papers from former Communist states shed fresh light on the inner workings of the Soviet Union's Cold War alliance with its eastern European satellites and its plans for war. U.S. News spoke with Malcolm Byrne, coauthor of A Cardboard Castle? An Inside History of the Warsaw Pact 1955-1991, about the finds. What was most surprising about the papers? These military plans and after-action reports show how unrealistic the Soviets were in planning for conflicts that included nuclear launches. Military planners assumed that cities like Munich, Vienna, and other major urban centers would be obliterated by nuclear weapons, yet within a matter of days they assumed that Warsaw Pact forces would be able to sweep through those areas with no ill effects. It's very clear that they completely glossed over the reality of what it would mean to be marching through a nuclear wasteland. It's only in 1987--after the Chernobyl accident--that a Polish leader was able to openly say to the Kremlin that "one shouldn't imagine being able to enjoy a cup of coffee in Paris six days after a nuclear exchange." Did the Soviets expect a war? They were not planning to overrun western Europe so it could fall under Communist domination, but their plans to initiate a nuclear strike were pre-emptive. In that hair-trigger environment, if your information isn't perfect, you may push the button before it is really justified. It was surprising to see that the potential for miscalculation and nuclear disaster was so high. How good was their intelligence? Penetration of the western military was unusually high, and they had a lot of very specific intelligence about NATO's thinking. That should have told them that NATO's planning was defensive, but their ideology predisposed them to assume that capitalist states were aggressive and that NATO was on the verge of a strike at any moment. Their ideology, in part, explains why they ignored the findings of their own intelligence establishment. Where did the other pact states stand? Over the years there was a tremendous amount of jockeying and maneuvering and outright dissension among virtually all the allied states, which wasn't as clear before. Some states were concerned about the financial burden; others were concerned about the Soviet strategy, which called for eastern Europe to be the central battleground for a conflict. The prime directive was to defend the Soviet Union and not the Soviet bloc. That intention was very clear, and the allies weren't very happy about it. Keep in mind, the only time that these forces were used wasn't to fight the West but to crack down on its own people, in Hungary and Czechoslovakia in particular. Copyright © 2005 U.S.News & World Report, L.P. All rights ***************************************************************** 15 USNews.com: A radioactive contract (5/30/05) [USNews.com - U.S.News & World Report] Two years ago, the government awarded a contract to San Diego-based Science Applications International Corp. to manufacture cargo-screening monitors that detect radioactive material. The government bought and installed about 400 of the scanners at many of the nation's border crossings and ports. Cost: $220 million. The machines were plagued by performance problems, government officials say, and government scientists are now testing different technologies that will be needed to upgrade or replace them. The cost of that "upgrade," according to various estimates, will run into the hundreds of millions of dollars. Turnoff. What's the problem? Well, for starters, the monitors can't distinguish between a nuclear bomb and radiation that occurs naturally in a variety of materials, including ceramic tiles, quarry tile, cat litter, fertilizer, and bananas, according to the congressional Government Accountability Office and officials of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (an agency of the Department of Homeland Security), which purchased the equipment. As a result, the detectors reportedly go off frequently. Some Border Patrol officials turn the machine's sensitivity monitors down to avoid "nuisance" alarms, which risks letting dangerous material through. Customs officials and SAIC both agree that the monitors cannot distinguish between certain types of radiation, but they say the machines represented the best available technology at the time. Critics say the cargo scanners are one example of several expensive and hasty purchasing decisions made by the federal government in the wake of 9/11. "After 9/11 there was a lot of pressure to go with well-known contractors, but that is no excuse for not adequately testing first to make sure equipment works well in the intended environment," says former DHS Inspector General Clark Kent Ervin, who now directs the homeland security initiative at the Aspen Institute. Ties? SAIC's competitors complain that the government's bid documents for the scanners were tilted in SAIC's favor. Such complaints are not unusual, but published reports have indicated that customs documents prepared for a related project actually included SAIC's brand name. Several former senior customs executives have joined SAIC over the past several years, and SAIC has won a host of contracts from Homeland Security. Customs and SAIC adamantly dispute assertions that the request for bids was written with SAIC's monitor specifically in mind. The monitors, says Jared Adams, a spokesperson for SAIC, were procured "after a full and open competition, which SAIC won." The GAO is now investigating the government's radiation screening program, its cost, and reported equipment problems. It is expected to complete its investigation by the end of the year, at the earliest. -Danielle Knight Copyright © 2005 U.S.News & World Report, L.P. All rights ***************************************************************** 16 WorldNetDaily: NPT vigilantes [WorldNetDaily] SATURDAY MAY 21 2005 Jackie Sanders, special representative of the president for the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, began her address to the Seventh Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation Of Nuclear Weapons by noting that on March 7 of this year, President Bush urged all NPT parties to take "strong action" to confront the "threat of noncompliance" with the NPT. Sanders urged the Conferees "to recognize the depths of this problem and to agree on the main principles of our response." While these [treaty] violations have undermined the security of all NPT parties, we can and must seek to correct these problems by holding accountable those in noncompliance and seek to deter future violations by setting in place new policies to deter future violations. North Korea's consistent violations before it announced its intention to withdraw from the NPT, and its February 10 assertion that it has manufactured nuclear weapons, have created great instability in Northeast Asia and threaten the NPT regime. Actually, as most conferees know, North Korea gave the required three-month's notice back in 1993 that it was withdrawing from the NPT. Bill Clinton essentially bribed them – with the multi-billion dollar Agreed Framework – into "suspending" their withdrawal. Then, in October 2002, Bush accused North Korea of having a secret nuclear-weapons-oriented uranium-enrichment program. North Korea denied having such a program, and no evidence has ever been produced that they do. Nevertheless, Bush unilaterally abrogated the Agreed Framework. In December, North Korea "un-suspended" their NPT withdrawal. Now, contrary to what Bush obviously wants, the NPT, itself, has no enforcing mechanism. Each nuke-state "undertakes" not to supply nukes to a no-nuke state, and each no-nuke-state "undertakes" not to acquire them. But the NPT, itself, doesn't even mention what happens if a state "violates" its "undertaking." However, Article III of the NPT does require every no-nuke state to conclude a Safeguards Agreement "in accordance with the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Agency's safeguards system, for the exclusive purpose of verification of the fulfillment of its obligations assumed under this Treaty." In the event a no-nuke state is determined by the IAEA Board to be in "noncompliance" with its Safeguards Agreement, the IAEA Statute authorizes and requires the Board to report the non-compliance to the U.N. Security Council for possible action. So, what can Bush have been thinking? North Korea's Safeguards Agreement – and the authority of the on-site IAEA inspectors – remained in force only so long as North Korea was an NPT signatory. Without even informing the IAEA Board of his suspicions, as the NPT requires him to do – much less providing the Board any evidence – Bush unilaterally provoked a "rogue state" (known to have enough weapons-grade plutonium in IAEA Safeguarded fuel rods to make a half-dozen nukes like the one we dropped on Nagasaki) into withdrawing from the NPT. So, when Sanders asks the Conferees, "What more can NPT parties do to strengthen Article II's ban on the manufacture or acquisition of nuclear weapons?" the answer ought to be "In future, comply with the NPT; fully support the IAEA Safeguards Regime." But, Sanders essentially encouraged the "NPT parties" to undermine – or at least usurp – the IAEA Safeguards Regime. Sign on to the Bush-Bolton Proliferation Security Initiative. Let Bush-Bolton decide what constitutes a "violation" or a "threat of noncompliance" and then let the PSI vigilantes take "firm and prompt action." Stated Sanders: First, NPT parties must have strong declaratory policies that establish the necessity of compliance with the NPT. It should be clear that there is zero tolerance for noncompliance with the NPT's nonproliferation undertakings, and that NPT parties are prepared to take firm and prompt action to hold any violator accountable for its actions. NPT parties should also seek, through appropriate means, to halt the use of nuclear material or equipment acquired or produced by an NPT state as the result of a material violation of the NPT's nonproliferation undertakings. NPT parties should affirm their willingness to report cases of noncompliance with Article II to the U.N. Security Council. Finally, to strengthen the NPT's nonproliferation obligations requires that NPT parties understand that the prohibition in Article II against the manufacture or acquisition of a nuclear weapon must apply to more than just an assembled nuclear weapon. In an extreme case, an NPT party might have manufactured an entire mockup of the non-nuclear shell of a nuclear explosive, while continuing to observe its safeguards obligations on all nuclear material. It would be folly for NPT parties to fail to act in such circumstances. Physicist James Gordon Prather has served as a policy implementing official for national security-related technical matters in the Federal Energy Agency, the Energy Research and Development Administration, the Department of Energy, the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Department of the Army. Dr. Prather also served as legislative assistant for national security affairs to U.S. Sen. Henry Bellmon, R-Okla. -- ranking member of the Senate Budget Committee and member of the Senate Energy Committee and Appropriations Committee. Dr. Prather had earlier worked as a nuclear weapons physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California and Sandia National Laboratory in New Mexico. [WorldNetDaily.com] webmaster@worldnetdaily.com ***************************************************************** 17 The Observer: Tilting at windmills: nation split over energy eyesores The Guardian [UP] Hundreds of turbines will be switched on this year, and the volume of protest is rising. Mark Townsend reports on the issue that will overtake hunting as a cause of rural unrest Sunday May 22, 2005 The clue lies in the grass, pummelled and then flattened by a force the area is famous for. Whinash is all about wind, and it is a resource which has put the Lakeland beauty spot at the heart of Britain's debate about the country's insatiable need for energy. The site - amid the classic Cumbrian vista of rolling fells criss-crossed with dry stone walls and the shuffling specks of sheep - is to be home to England's largest wind farm. If the plans ever get the go-ahead. This week, the public inquiry to site 27 turbines, each almost the height of St Paul's Cathedral, on the ridge of Whinash enters its most potentially explosive phase. Two of Cumbria's favourite sons, the broadcaster Melvyn Bragg and the mountaineer Sir Chris Bonington, are scheduled to give evidence in the squat Garden Room of the remote Shap Wells Hotel. There can be no place for 21st-century windmills in a wilderness largely unaltered for centuries, they will argue. Almost 200 miles north in Aberdeen, Malcolm Wicks will mark his entrance as the new energy minister by stressing the crucial role of wind power in the crusade against climate change. Only weeks into his new brief, Wicks appreciates that wind farms are already eclipsing farming and foxhunting as the most likely source of rural unrest during Labour's third term. Ministers, aware that the government's target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions is in jeopardy, have identified Whinash as the acid test of whether they can expect that renewable energy will provide 10 per cent of power in five years' time. But the significance of Whinash runs even deeper. Among the windblown crags that lie between the national parks of the Lake District and the Yorkshire Dales, the schism that is tearing Britain's environmental movement from top to bottom is most pronounced. The self-appointed custodian for future generations, Britain's green lobby has found itself caught between the need to protect the landscape from global warming and defending Britain's countryside from the creation of a 'pseudo-industrial' skyline. This month, one of the movement's most influential figures James Lovelock, the man who developed the Gaia theory of the forces governing nature, will launch his most candid critique yet of Britain's energy conundrum by accusing groups such as Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth of betraying the planet through their unswerving promotion of wind energy. Nuclear energy, Lovelock will claim, offers the only solution to the twin challenges of providing Britain with a reliable energy supply and global warming. Britain currently stands poised at the start of the 'wind rush'. Hundreds more turbines in 18 new wind farms will be switched on by the end of the year. Already the UK is poised to become the world's biggest producer of power from off-shore wind farms, a reminder of the 17th century, when Britain boasted 90,000 windmills. Around one per cent of the UK's energy is currently provided by wind although the industry claims there are enough applications moving through the planning process to suggest seven per cent of the nation's electricity needs will be met by wind by 2010. Next month the 300ft turbines at Cefn Croes, scene of the bitterest wrangle before Whinash, will start turning in mid-Wales. Yet pressure is mounting on the fledgling industry. If Britain's climate change targets are not met, experts warn that the generous subsidies which have helped establish wind farms could be withdrawn by an exasperated government. Already a new era for nuclear power appears to be dawning and seems certain to feature prominently in the government's forthcoming energy review. Vastly more expensive than predicted and plagued by persistent safety concerns, nuclear's strength remains its proven reliability. And even those who have lived in the shadow of Sellafield, 30 miles west across central Lakeland from Whinash, are beginning to believe nuclear is the saviour. Sir Christopher Audland shook his head as he tramped along the pummelled cotton grass tufts of the Whinash site last Tuesday afternoon. A former director-general of energy for the European Commission, Audland was in charge when reactor number four exploded in the Ukraine almost 20 years ago, its radioactive contents drifting from Chernobyl to the fells of Cumbria where his family has lived for 500 years. For a man who saw first-hand the inherent risk of nuclear power, Audland is dismissive of the safer alternative proposed for the hills north of Kendal. 'It cannot be allowed to happen here,' he said. Bragg, who has relatives who happily work at Sellafield, is among the growing Lakeland fraternity who believes nuclear is the sole viable option for tackling climate change. 'We seem to be running away from the safest, most efficient industry. Nuclear energy seems to be the only sensible option and it is a safe option,' said the presenter of The South Bank Show. It is a consensus corroborated by Lovelock, who in 1991 opened Britain's first windfarm at Delabole, Cornwall. Since then, Lovelock has reviewed his initial enthusiasm. 'To phase out nuclear energy just when we need it most to combat global warming is madness,' he said. 'The anti-nuclear agenda is pushed by groups such as Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth and by Green Party politicians. They are pursuing goals in which neither environmental good sense nor science play a part - a strange way to defend the earth,' he writes in Reader's Digest . Even the spectre of Chernobyl is dismissed by Lovelock, who claims that the fallout from the radioactive cloud that swept over the Cumbrian peaks 'was really nothing. A few times higher than the natural background levels or at worst a couple of chest X-rays'. It is 13 years since the arrival of the anti-wind lobby surfaced with the Country Guardian, a group that vehemently denies links to the nuclear sector although its chairman, Sir Bernard Ingham, has been a paid lobbyist for British Nuclear Fuels. Since then, complaints advanced to discredit wind energy have multiplied: falling property prices, the whirring noise that makes people sick a mile away, horses that suddenly bolt and the grisly deaths of kites and golden eagles, even if their numbers are a fraction of those of birds that are killed on the roads. The most persistent criticism, however, concerns the efficiency of wind power. Critics claim windmills would struggle to cope with the half-time power surge during yesterday's FA Cup final because they only generate electricity for a part of the time. Such issues would be irrelevant if electricity could be stored, but there is no battery for the national grid. A recent study in Germany, which has the largest number of wind farms in the world, found the energy was an expensive and inefficient way of generating sustainable energy, costing up to £53 to avoid emitting a tonne of carbon dioxide. Professor David Bellamy, a vociferous windfarm critic seen recently at the Shap Wells Hotel, is among those worried whether wind could guarantee his half-time cuppa: 'How are people going to be able to boil their kettles?' Sir Martin Holdgate, a former chief scientist to the Department of Environment who has served on a number of government committees on renewable energy, was also present in the Garden Room last week. Holdgate, too, has run out of patience with wind farms in sensitive areas. 'We shouldn't sacrifice our landscape on our crowded island. Wind doesn't make sense.' Others, the so-called 'blade lovers', welcome them as an aesthetic asset, claiming that their beauty lies in the environmental message they communicate to a throwaway society. Designer Wayne Hemingway says: 'I love them. They are a massive visual sign that we are doing something that is not damaging the Earth.' [UP] Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 18 NukeNet] VT Yankee officials threaten to close plant Date: Sat, 21 May 2005 09:46:53 -0700

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: [NukeNet] VT Yankee officials threaten to close plant
Date: Sat, 21 May 2005 13:49:56 -0400
From: Mike Ewall <catalyst@actionpa.org>
To: nukenet@energyjustice.net


NukeNet Anti-Nuclear Network (nukenet@energyjustice.net)


VY officials threaten to close plant

By CAROLYN LORIé
Brattleboro Reformer Staff
Saturday, May 21, 2005

http://www.reformer.com/Stories/0,1413,102%257E8860%257E2881127,00.html

BRATTLEBORO -- Calling the current bill on dry cask storage
"totally unacceptable," and threatening to shut the plant
down early, officials at Vermont Yankee said they will
oppose passage of the bill as it makes it way through the
Vermont Legislature.

Approved by the Committee on Natural Resources and Energy,
the bill includes an annual $4 million payment from plant
owner Entergy to the state in exchange for permission to
store high-level nuclear waste in concrete containers known
as dry casks.

Annual payments will be required as long as the spent fuel
is stored at the Vernon site, even after the plant is shut down.

Rob Williams, spokesman for Vermont Yankee, said the charge
was "totally unacceptable and unfair."

"It's unfair on all levels," he added.

According to Williams, the bill could jeopardize the
continued operation of the nuclear reactor.

"This kind of charge wasn't anticipated [when the plant was
purchased in 2002], so it wasn't part of the business plan,"
said Williams. "If it becomes uneconomical to run [the
plant], it will be shut down, absolutely."

The reactor supplies the state with one-third of its
electricity and employs over 500 people. That number swells
to almost 1,000 during refueling outages, which occur every
18 months.

It is currently licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission to run until 2012, but plant officials have
stated that they intend to apply for a license extension. If
it is granted, the plant could operate until 2032.

Concerns about premature shutdown of the plant had some
criticizing the bill, including members of the Vermont
Energy Partnership -- a recently formed group that includes
representatives from business, labor and community
organizations.

"This is a money grab, pure and simple," said member Vicky
Tebbetts, in a press release. Tebbetts is vice president of
communications and government relations for the Vermont
Chamber of Commerce.

"Rather than making sure that our lowest cost and most
reliable power stays on line, or finding comprehensive
solutions to our significant energy challenges, legislators
are enacting a totally arbitrary tax," she said.

Local representatives on the Natural Resources and Energy
Committee, however, said that finding solutions for the
state's energy future was exactly what they had in mind when
crafting the legislation.

"What we've done with this bill is address short-term
concerns with long-term goals and that is not easy to do,"
said Rep. Sarah Edwards, P-Brattleboro.

The bill calls for the establishment of a renewable energy
fund that will receive the payments from Entergy. It will be
administered by the Department of Public Service.

Given the federal government's failure to open a national
repository for high-level nuclear waste, Edwards said the
committee had to consider the possibility of the spent fuel
remaining in Vernon indefinitely.

Though the bill calls for a minimum annual payment of $4
million -- that figure will increase roughly with the rate
of inflation -- it allows Vermont Yankee officials to appeal
to the Vermont Public Service Board for redress if it proves
to be a financial hardship.

"That's a huge thing," said Edwards, of the possibility for
changing the yearly charge.

Plant officials will not release financial figures, claiming
financial propriety. However, estimates based on 2002 data
from the sale show the company stands to make an additional
$40 million to $50 million a year, if its bid to increase
power by 20 percent is approved.

The "uprate" application with the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission is under consideration.

Local anti-nuclear groups lauded the bill, saying it
reflected the wishes of many Windham County residents.

"The Natural Resources and Energy Committee has done a good
job," said Ed Anthes of Nuclear Free Vermont, in an e-mail
to the Reformer. "There is recognition that the burden
created by [Vermont Yankee's] nuclear waste will be borne by
future generations long after electric production has stopped."

The bill is now under consideration by the House Ways and
Means Committee. Before going to the floor for a full vote,
it must also be passed by the Appropriations Committee.

Finally passage will require approval by the Senate and Gov.
James Douglas.

At that point, Vermont Yankee officials can apply to the
Vermont Public Service Board for a certificate of public
good. The quasi-judicial process can take up to one year.

According to plant officials, in order to keep the plant
running without interruption, construction on the dry casks
must begin by spring 2006.



_______________________________________________________________________
Subscribe/Unsubscribe Here: http://www.energyjustice.net/nukenet/
Change your settings or access the archives at:
http://energyjustice.net/mailman/listinfo/nukenet_energyjustice.net


***************************************************************** 19 UPI: Outside view: Huge costs of nuclear power - (United Press International) May 22, 2005 By Helen Caldicott Outside View Commentator Washington, DC, May. 21 (UPI) -- There is a huge propaganda push by the nuclear industry to justify nuclear power as a panacea for the reduction of global-warming gases. At present there are 442 nuclear reactors in operation around the world. If, as the nuclear industry suggests, nuclear power were to replace fossil fuels on a large scale, it would be necessary to build 2,000 1,000-megawatt reactors. Considering that no new nuclear plant has been ordered in the United States since 1978, this proposal is less than practical. Furthermore, even if we decided today to replace all fossil-fuel-generated electricity with nuclear power, there would only be enough economically viable uranium to fuel the reactors for three to four years. The true economies of the nuclear industry are never fully accounted for. The cost of uranium enrichment is subsidized by the U.S. government. The true cost of the industry's liability in the case of an accident in the United States is estimated to be $560 billion, but the industry pays $9.1 billion -- 98 percent of the insurance liability is covered by the federal government. The cost of decommissioning all the existing U.S. nuclear reactors is estimated to be $33 billion. These costs -- plus the enormous expense involved in the storage of radioactive waste for a quarter of a million years -- are not included in the economic assessments of nuclear electricity. It is said that nuclear power is emission-free. The truth is very different. In the United States, where much of the world's uranium is enriched, including Australia's, the enrichment facility at Paducah, Ky., requires the electrical output of two 1,000-megawatt coal-fired plants, which emit large quantities of carbon dioxide, the gas responsible for 50 percent of global warming. Also, this enrichment facility and another at Portsmouth, Ohio, release from leaky pipes 93 percent of the chlorofluorocarbon gas emitted yearly in the United States. The production and release of CFC gas is banned internationally by the Montreal Protocol because it is the main culprit responsible for stratospheric ozone depletion. But CFC is also a global warmer, 10,000 to 20,000 times more potent than carbon dioxide. In fact, the nuclear fuel cycle utilizes large quantities of fossil fuel at all of its stages -- the mining and milling of uranium, the construction of the nuclear reactor and cooling towers, robotic decommissioning of the intensely radioactive reactor at the end of its 20- to 40-year operating lifetime, and transportation and long-term storage of massive quantities of radioactive waste. Contrary to the nuclear industry's propaganda, nuclear power is therefore not green and it is certainly not clean. Nuclear reactors consistently release millions of curies of radioactive isotopes into the air and water each year. These releases are unregulated because the nuclear industry considers these particular radioactive elements to be biologically inconsequential. This is not so. These unregulated isotopes include the noble gases krypton, xenon and argon, which are fat-soluble and if inhaled by persons living near a nuclear reactor, are absorbed through the lungs, migrating to the fatty tissues of the body, including the abdominal fat pad and upper thighs, near the reproductive organs. These radioactive elements, which emit high-energy gamma radiation, can mutate the genes in the eggs and sperm and cause genetic disease. Tritium, another biologically significant gas, which is also routinely emitted from nuclear reactors is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen composed of two neutrons and one proton with an atomic weight of 3. The chemical symbol for tritium is H3. When one or both of the hydrogen atoms in water is displaced by tritium the water molecule is then called tritiated water. Tritium is a soft energy beta emitter, more mutagenic than gamma radiation, which incorporates directly into the DNA molecule of the gene. Its half-life is 12.3 years, giving it a biologically active life of 246 years. It passes readily through the skin, lungs and digestive system and is distributed throughout the body. The dire subject of massive quantities of radioactive waste accruing at the 442 nuclear reactors across the world is also rarely, if ever, addressed by the nuclear industry. Each typical 1,000-megawatt nuclear reactor manufactures 33 metric ton of thermally hot, intensely radioactive waste per year. Already more than 80,000 metric tons of highly radioactive waste sits in cooling pools next to the 103 U.S. nuclear power plants, awaiting transportation to a storage facility yet to be found. This dangerous material will be an attractive target for terrorist sabotage as it travels through 39 states on roads and railway lines for the next 25 years. But the long-term storage of radioactive waste continues to pose a problem. Congress in 1987 chose Yucca Mountain in Nevada, 90 miles northwest of Las Vegas, as a repository for the United States' high-level waste. But Yucca Mountain has subsequently been found to be unsuitable for the long-term storage of high-level waste because it is a volcanic mountain made of permeable pumice stone and it is transected by 32 earthquake faults. Last week a congressional committee discovered fabricated data about water infiltration and cask corrosion in Yucca Mountain that had been produced by personnel in the U.S. Geological Survey. These startling revelations, according to most experts, have almost disqualified Yucca Mountain as a waste repository, meaning that the United States has nowhere to deposit its expanding nuclear waste inventory. To make matters worse, a study released last week by the National Academy of Sciences shows that the cooling pools at nuclear reactors, which store 10 to 30 times more radioactive material than that contained in the reactor core, are subject to catastrophic attacks by terrorists, which could unleash an inferno and release massive quantities of deadly radiation -- significantly worse than the radiation released by Chernobyl, according to some scientists. This vulnerable high-level nuclear waste contained in the cooling pools at 103 nuclear power plants in the United States includes hundreds of radioactive elements that have different biological impacts in the human body, the most important being cancer and genetic diseases. The incubation time for cancer is five to 50 years following exposure to radiation. It is important to note that children, old people and immuno-compromised individuals are many times more sensitive to the malignant effects of radiation than other people. I will describe four of the most dangerous elements made in nuclear power plants. Iodine 131, which was released at the nuclear accidents at Sellafield in Britain, Chernobyl in Ukraine and Three Mile Island in the United States, is radioactive for only six weeks and it bio-concentrates in leafy vegetables and milk. When it enters the human body via the gut and the lung, it migrates to the thyroid gland in the neck, where it can later induce thyroid cancer. In Belarus more than 2,000 children have had their thyroids removed for thyroid cancer, a situation never before recorded in pediatric literature. Strontium 90 lasts for 600 years. As a calcium analogue, it concentrates in cow and goat milk. It accumulates in the human breast during lactation and in bone, where it can later induce breast cancer, bone cancer and leukemia. Cesium 137, which also lasts for 600 years, concentrates in the food chain, particularly meat. On entering the human body, it locates in muscle, where it can induce a malignant muscle cancer called a sarcoma. Plutonium 239, one of the most dangerous elements known to humans, is so toxic that one-millionth of a gram is carcinogenic. More than 440 pounds is made annually in each 1,000-megawatt nuclear power plant. Plutonium is handled like iron in the body, and is therefore stored in the liver, where it causes liver cancer, and in the bone, where it can induce bone cancer and blood malignancies. On inhalation it causes lung cancer. It also crosses the placenta, where, like the drug thalidomide, it can cause severe congenital deformities. Plutonium has a predisposition for the testicle, where it can cause testicular cancer and induce genetic diseases in future generations. Plutonium lasts for 500,000 years, living on to induce cancer and genetic diseases in future generations of plants, animals and humans. Plutonium is also the fuel for nuclear weapons -- only 11 pounds is necessary to make a bomb and each reactor makes more than 440 pounds per year. Therefore any country with a nuclear power plant can theoretically manufacture 40 bombs a year. Nuclear power therefore leaves a toxic legacy to all future generations, because it produces global warming gases, because it is far more expensive than any other form of electricity generation, and because it can trigger proliferation of nuclear weapons. -- (Helen Caldicott is an anti-nuclear campaigner and founder and president of the Nuclear Policy Research Institute, which argues that nuclear energy is dangerous.) -- (United Press International's "Outside View" commentaries are written by outside contributors who specialize in a variety of important issues. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of United Press International. In the interests of creating an open forum, original submissions are invited.) ***************************************************************** 20 toledoblade.com: NRC to disband Besse watchdog panel Sunday, May 22, 2005 Article published Saturday, May 21, 2005 By BLADE STAFF WRITER OAK HARBOR — The Nuclear Regulatory Commission said yesterday it will soon disband the special oversight panel that has been the public’s main avenue for first-hand information about Davis-Besse since 2002, although the agency said it would continue to keep a close eye on the Ottawa County nuclear plant for an indefinite period. On March 10, 2004, NRC Chairman Nils Diaz told The Blade during an interview in Washington that the agency would not scale back on its oversight of FirstEnergy Corp. for at least three to five years. Those comments came just two days after the NRC had given FirstEnergy Corp. the green light to restart Davis-Besse in the aftermath of what the agency itself has called the nation’s closest brush with a nuclear meltdown since the accident at Three Mile Island in 1979. But Viktoria Mitlyng, agency spokesman, said yesterday the decision to disband the oversight panel does not equate with less oversight of the plant. She said Davis-Besse’s current performance has been satisfactory, even though the NRC recently issued a record $5.45-million fine against the plant and even though a number of outstanding issues related to the near-rupture of its reactor head are still unresolved. Those include possible criminal charges stemming from a grand jury investigation in Cleveland, the outcome of NRC and federal court appeals of a former Davis-Besse systems engineer who claims to have produced evidence of what the utility knew prior to the plant’s 2002 shutdown, plus a follow-up inspection stemming from allegations that the utility has continued to provide inaccurate and incomplete information to the government. The latter is in regard to the prior status of emergency sirens in Ottawa and Lucas counties. There have been other problems, such as the rough mid-winter shutdown that damaged Davis-Besse’s cooling tower, apparently because of faulty procedures. But because the cooling tower is technically unrelated to safety, it doesn’t fall under the NRC’s domain. “It does not mean things are perfect. It just means the plant is on the right track,” Ms. Mitlyng said of the NRC’s decision to disband its panel. The panel will meet one last time at 6 p.m. Tuesday at the Camp Perry clubhouse. Paul Gunter of the Washington-based, anti-nuclear power Nuclear Information and Resource Service called the decision premature. He said he sees “little reason to let this company off the short leash.” FirstEnergy believes it “reflects the major improvements we’ve made at Davis-Besse,” said Gary Leidich, FirstEnergy Nuclear Operating Company president and chief nuclear officer. “It also is an acknowledgment of our employees’ renewed commitment to safe operations,” he said. Utility spokesman Richard Wilkins called it “another milestone, a pretty significant one for us.” Contact Tom Henry at:thenry@theblade.com or 419-724-6079. The Toledo Blade Company, 541 N. Superior St., Toledo, OH 43660 , (419) 724-6000 ***************************************************************** 21 JOURNAL NEWS: NRC rejects call for backup power at nuclear plant sirens By BILL HUGHES (Original publication: May 21, 2005) The Nuclear Regulatory Commission rejected a petition requesting backup generators for siren alert systems at commercial nuclear power plants yesterday, a move that drew immediate criticism from several environmental groups and government officials. Saying that the issue should be taken up with the Federal Emergency Management Agency or the Department of Homeland Security, NRC officials declined to take any action on the request, submitted as a petition signed by more than 15 organizations in February. Of the 62 commercial nuclear power plants nationwide that use sirens as warning systems, 27 percent have backup power to all sirens, 33 percent for some of the sirens and 40 percent have no backup at all, including Indian Point. Politicians, including Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton and Westchester County Executive Andrew Spano, denounced the decision, with Spano saying he was "outraged." "If there is a power failure at the same time there is an incident at Indian Point, these sirens will not work without backup generators," Spano said in a written statement. Clinton, D-N.Y., also released a statement: "I am disappointed in the NRC's decision. I think everyone agrees that it is critical that we have an effective emergency preparedness system in place at Indian Point. I plan to raise this issue with the NRC next week and will continue to push to ensure that the NRC takes the necessary steps to ensure New Yorkers' safety." - - - - - - - -914-694-9300 - - - - - Copyright 2005 The Journal News, . Inc. newspaper serving Westchester, Rockland and Putnam Counties in New York. ***************************************************************** 22 News-Leader.com: Task force takes on nuclear power | Springfield, Mo. | Published Saturday, May 21, 2005 Monday meeting will also cover use of coal gasification. By News-Leader staff © 2005, Springfield News-Leader --> Nuclear power still faces a public relations battle because of incidents at Chernobyl and Three Mile Island. And an "integrated gasification combined cycle" power plant may leave utility customers wondering what the heck it is. But two energy experts will tackle both topics Monday during a Power Supply Community Task Force meeting. The meeting, open to the public, will be from 8:30 to 10 a.m. at SRC corporate headquarters, 3055 E. Division St. The 17-member task force is studying power supply options to meet Springfield's growing need for electricity. The group will make a recommendation to Springfield City Utilities in July. Akira Thomas Tokuhiro, a University of Missouri-Rolla assistant professor of nuclear energy, said nuclear power is on the verge of a comeback. "Now is a great time to be in the nuclear energy field," Tokuhiro said. "I think the next wave of nuclear plant designs is about to happen. If the current energy bill passes, I'm hearing there will be three orders for three nuclear plants. The industry is getting primed and started again." Missouri gets about 13 percent of its electrical power from a nuclear power plant at Fulton. Nationwide, there are 103 nuclear reactors producing electricity in 31 states. Tokuhiro said the Fulton site was designed to have a second reactor, but a second unit was never built. "The public still remembers Chernobyl and Three Mile Island," he said. "Unfortunately, when you're dealing with any hazardous technology you have to deal with the public's perception, not the actual facts." Tokuhiro said the next wave of nuclear power plants will have unprecedented safety and security measures. Nuclear power plants produce almost no air pollution, a major benefit in light of tough new clean-air rules aimed at coal-fired power plants, he said. Nuclear plants do produce radioactive waste, and it will remain a political issue what to do with it, he said. The government currently plans to entomb nuclear power plant waste deep inside mountains in Nevada. Tokuhiro said he doesn't foresee any shortage of nuclear power plant fuels. Uranium is available from countries friendly to the United States, such as Australia and Canada. And the U.S. government bought large amounts of weapons-grade nuclear material from the former Soviet Union to keep it from slipping into terrorists' hands. "That weapons material can be used to power nuclear plants," he said. Tokuhiro said it made little sense for City Utilities to build and operate a nuclear plant. He recommended partnering with other utilities that already have a track record running nuclear power plants. IGCC's time has come The same clean-air initiatives spurring interest in nuclear power are driving coal gasification technology, according to William Trapp. Trapp is operations manager of Eastman Gasification Services Company in Kingsport, Tenn. He has 13 years' experience in coal gasification technology, and said an integrated gasification combined cycle plant could be a good fit for CU. IGCC technology uses heat and pressure to turn coal into a synthetic gas — carbon monoxide and oxygen — that can be burned in a turbine that spins an electric generator. Residual heat from various chemical processes is recycled to power traditional steam turbine generators. Trapp said the coal gasification process removes air pollutants very efficiently, especially carbon dioxide, which power plants likely will eventually have to contain. Although IGCC plants are about 15 percent costlier than a comparable pulverized coal plant, Trapp said the air pollution reductions will help offset those costs. And coal gasification can also generate many side products, such as farm fertilizers, low-sulfur diesel fuel, methanol and industrial chemical feedstocks. It might make sense for CU to partner with a chemical company so the plant generates electricity during the day and switches to chemical production at night, when electrical demand is low. "Coal gasification gives you a lot of flexibility," he said. ***************************************************************** 23 Xinhua: Vietnam, Russia cooperate in nuclear energy www.xinhuanet.com www.chinaview.cn 2005-05-22 22:55:15 HANOI, May 22 (Xinhuanet) -- Vietnam and Russia agreed to boost bilateral cooperation in nuclear energy during the second session of the Joint Coordinator on Cooperation in the Field of Nuclear Energy here on May 17-20, Vietnam News Agency reported Sunday. The two sides will cooperate in ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the Da Lat reactor, which is being used for nuclear research, and upgrading a radiotherapy facility in Vietnam's capital city Hanoi. They will also strengthen ties in personnel training, the application of radiation technology in health care facilities. During the session, the two sides also reviewed their cooperation activities in 2003 and 2004 and mapped out a cooperation plan for the two following years. Enditem Copyright ©2003 Xinhua News Agency. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 24 News 10: New nuclear plant? [News 10 Syracuse - Home] Updated: 5/21/2005 6:41 AM By: Nick Cowdrey, News 10 Now Web Staff Oswego has a two out of six shot of getting a 4th nuclear plant at Nine Mile. NuStart Energy, a consortium of nuclear power companies, announced the six sites it's considering for two new plants. Nine Mile is on that list. Mayor John Gosek says this puts Oswego one step closer to a project he says will boost the economy of the city and the county. "There are just thousands of construction jobs created but beyond that, the permanent full time jobs are very, very good jobs, high paying jobs," Gosek said. Construction of the last nuclear plant built in Scriba started in the mid seventies and finished in 1988. Mayor Gosek says during that time, the area was booming and he says the same would happen with a fourth plant. New nuke plant? In January, Oswego Mayor John Gosek approached a consortium of nuclear power companies interested in finding a site for two new nuclear plants. He got support from the county and school district, and told the companies why they should choose Oswego. As News 10 Now's Nick Cowdrey tells us, the field has been narrowed down to six finalists. But not everyone wants Oswego County to get another plant. "I'm not in favor of it. We have three, that's plenty. We don't need the electricity here," said John Richardson. Nuclear activists say the possible economic impact doesn't compare to the possible danger of nuclear energy. "A fourth one is going to mean more nuclear waste that's going to be stored in the community. It's going to mean another chance for a nuclear accident. It's going to mean more contamination being released in the environment. And we think economically, and energy wise, it doesn't make any sense," said Tim Judson of the Citizens Awareness Network. NuStart says advanced nuclear energy plants are expected to cost less to build and are simpler to operate. Over the summer, a NuStart site selection team will evaluate the six finalists on 75 factors, and pick the top two by October. The five other sites are in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, South Carolina and Maryland. Copyright ©2005 TWEAN News Channel of Syracuse, LLC, d/b/a News 10 Now. All Rights Reserved. ***************************************************************** 25 Brattleboro Reformer: VY officials threaten to close plant May 22, 2005 Brattleboro, VT By CAROLYN LORIé Reformer Staff BRATTLEBORO -- Calling the current bill on dry cask storage "totally unacceptable," and threatening to shut the plant down early, officials at Vermont Yankee said they will oppose passage of the bill as it makes it way through the Vermont Legislature. Approved by the Committee on Natural Resources and Energy, the bill includes an annual $4 million payment from plant owner Entergy to the state in exchange for permission to store high-level nuclear waste in concrete containers known as dry casks. Annual payments will be required as long as the spent fuel is stored at the Vernon site, even after the plant is shut down. Rob Williams, spokesman for Vermont Yankee, said the charge was "totally unacceptable and unfair." "It's unfair on all levels," he added. According to Williams, the bill could jeopardize the continued operation of the nuclear reactor. "This kind of charge wasn't anticipated [when the plant was purchased in 2002], so it wasn't part of the business plan," said Williams. "If it becomes uneconomical to run [the plant], it will be shut down, absolutely." The reactor supplies the state with one-third of its electricity and employs over 500 people. That number swells to almost 1,000 during refueling outages, which occur every 18 months. It is currently licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to run until 2012, but plant officials have stated that they intend to apply for a license extension. If it is granted, the plant could operate until 2032. Concerns about premature shutdown of the plant had some criticizing the bill, including members of the Vermont Energy Partnership -- a recently formed group that includes representatives from business, labor and community organizations. "This is a money grab, pure and simple," said member Vicky Tebbetts, in a press release. Tebbetts is vice president of communications and government relations for the Vermont Chamber of Commerce. "Rather than making sure that our lowest cost and most reliable power stays on line, or finding comprehensive solutions to our significant energy challenges, legislators are enacting a totally arbitrary tax," she said. Local representatives on the Natural Resources and Energy Committee, however, said that finding solutions for the state's energy future was exactly what they had in mind when crafting the legislation. "What we've done with this bill is address short-term concerns with long-term goals and that is not easy to do," said Rep. Sarah Edwards, P-Brattleboro. The bill calls for the establishment of a renewable energy fund that will receive the payments from Entergy. It will be administered by the Department of Public Service. Given the federal government's failure to open a national repository for high-level nuclear waste, Edwards said the committee had to consider the possibility of the spent fuel remaining in Vernon indefinitely. Though the bill calls for a minimum annual payment of $4 million -- that figure will increase roughly with the rate of inflation -- it allows Vermont Yankee officials to appeal to the Vermont Public Service Board for redress if it proves to be a financial hardship. "That's a huge thing," said Edwards, of the possibility for changing the yearly charge. Plant officials will not release financial figures, claiming financial propriety. However, estimates based on 2002 data from the sale show the company stands to make an additional $40 million to $50 million a year, if its bid to increase power by 20 percent is approved. The "uprate" application with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission is under consideration. Local anti-nuclear groups lauded the bill, saying it reflected the wishes of many Windham County residents. "The Natural Resources and Energy Committee has done a good job," said Ed Anthes of Nuclear Free Vermont, in an e-mail to the Reformer. "There is recognition that the burden created by [Vermont Yankee's] nuclear waste will be borne by future generations long after electric production has stopped." The bill is now under consideration by the House Ways and Means Committee. Before going to the floor for a full vote, it must also be passed by the Appropriations Committee. Finally passage will require approval by the Senate and Gov. James Douglas. At that point, Vermont Yankee officials can apply to the Vermont Public Service Board for a certificate of public good. The quasi-judicial process can take up to one year. According to plant officials, in order to keep the plant running without interruption, construction on the dry casks must begin by spring 2006. Copyright ©1999-2005 New England Newspapers, Inc., a ***************************************************************** 26 Sofia Morning News: Environmentalists Oppose Sofia Nuclear Reactor Reconstruction www.novinite.com [Sofia News Agency] Politics: 21 May 2005, Saturday. A team of environmentalists opposed the Cabinet's decision to reconstruct the Sofia-based nuclear reactor of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS). At a special press conference the environmentalists pointed out that nuclear reactor was shut down years ago but its radioactive fallout is still on the site located between the Maldost and Druzhba neighbourhoods in the capital city. Ekoglastnost's deputy chairman Petar Penchev said that in 1983 there has been an accident with the reactor and radioactive fallout has been spread across Sofia. A special referendum on the reconstruction of the reactor will be launched as of Sunday in Sofia.[ width=] Click here to receive realtime news about this topic in the future. NOVINITE.COM All Rights Reserved © Novinite Ltd., 2001-2005 - Copyright &Disclaimer - Privacy Policy ISO 9001:2000 Certified Bulgaria news Novinite.com (Sofia News Agency - www.sofianewsagency.com) is unique with being a real time news provider in English that informs its readers about the latest Bulgarian news. The editorial staff also publishes a daily ***************************************************************** 27 UK The Times: Wanted: nuclear workers May 22, 2005 BRITAIN’s nuclear industry is conducting a survey of engineering firms to find out if they are ready to build a new generation of nuclear power stations, writes Dan Box. The move suggests the industry is preparing itself ahead of a government decision to build the new plants. The survey is being done by the Nuclear Industry Association (NIA), the trade body that represents Britain’s nuclear power operators and construction firms. The NIA confirmed the association had approached British companies to ask if they had the skilled staff needed and the capability to produce enough steel and concrete to meet the potential demand. Seperately, a number of US private-equity firms, including Cerberus Capital Management and Blackstone, have expressed an interest in acquiring Westinghouse, the US arm of BNFL, should the government decide to sell it. Copyright The Times - timesonline.co.uk ***************************************************************** 28 Seattle Post-Intelligencer: Downwinders' court win seen as 'great victory' [seattlepi.com] Saturday, May 21, 2005 Man planning a suit is glad health damage is recognized By ROBERT McCLURE SEATTLE POST-INTELLIGENCER REPORTER Every morning when 4-year-old Jay Mullen showed up at the Navy day care center, he got a glass of milk -- milk that his lawyers now say was tainted by radioactive fallout from the Hanford Nuclear Reservation. It would be 15 years before Mullen's body was gripped by paralysis that necessitated removal of his diseased thyroid. Three more decades elapsed before Mullen found out the government had purposely released radioactive substances upwind of his childhood home in North Idaho. Reflecting yesterday on verdicts in a lawsuit against government contractors at Hanford, Mullen savored what he called a long-awaited victory for people downwind from the bomb-making plant that ended World War II. "It was a great victory," said Mullen, now 65 and a history professor in Medford, Ore. "Heretofore the government has not acknowledged that our health was damaged." The federal jury in Spokane awarded $500,000 in damages Thursday to two of six "downwinders" -- a fraction of what plaintiffs' lawyers spent to bring the cases to trial. Both winning plaintiffs had thyroid cancer and could show exposure to high doses of radiation released from Hanford. But four other downwinders got nothing. Jurors deadlocked on the case of a cancer patient who suffered lower exposures, and rejected the claims of three other plaintiffs who had thyroid disease but not cancer. Both sides claimed victory, and yesterday the lead attorney defending government contractors E.I. du Pont de Nemours &Co. and General Electric Co. said he plans to appeal rulings that barred the jury from hearing certain defense evidence. Considering the relatively modest jury awards, there's no way lawyers for the rest of the approximately 2,300 downwinders can afford to keep prosecuting the cases, said Chicago lawyer Kevin Van Wart. "The cost of the trial far exceeded the recovery. ... The plaintiffs have to go back to the drawing board," Van Wart said. "These were the cases where they thought they were going to send a message, the ones with the highest doses and ... the most sympathetic. "They failed to deliver the goods." Not so, said Richard Eymann, a Spokane lawyer who represents the downwinders. "These were not significant damage cases for us. We weren't interested in hitting the lottery on these cases," Eymann said. "All we were interested in doing was proving that emissions from Hanford caused thyroid cancer." The exposures of people living downwind of Hanford came from waste products purposely vented into the air during World War II and the Cold War. At the time, it was legal -- part of a vital defense effort -- and harmless for most people downwind, the defendants have claimed. Van Wart said if the plaintiffs had stuck to their relatively small number of strong cases, the legal tangle wouldn't have stretched out over the decade-plus it already has consumed. "They've built up expectations in people who had low doses," Van Wart said. "The plaintiffs saw this as a big business opportunity. They decided to sign up anybody they could find with a thyroid condition. ... If the plaintiffs had concentrated on those small number of claims that were better claims, this case could have been settled years ago." Taxpayers are footing the bill for the defense, which Eymann said published reports have pegged as costing nearly $100 million. It's up to the government to defend the companies because that was a condition of the firms working on Hanford. Eymann said the defendants have never offered to settle the cases that went to trial. He said the legal fight on behalf of the other downwinders will go on, and he may appeal some of the verdicts issued this week. "There's not enough courts or enough juries to try 2,300 cases. Everybody knows that," Eymann said. "Here we have the United States government spending a hell of a lot of money fighting its own citizens when it's out there compensating (Hanford) workers for the very same illnesses." In speaking with jurors in a courthouse hallway after the verdict, Eymann said he learned that on one of the non-cancer cases involving hypothyroidism, jurors voted 10-2 to find against the government contractors. Only 11 jurors were needed for a verdict, he said, so he is encouraged about future cases. For his part, Mullen is most incensed not over the lack of compensation for victims but rather by the government's refusal to acknowledge blame. His father, then serving in the Navy in the Pacific, "believed the atomic bomb saved his life and protected his family." "The irony was that while he was out there protecting his family from international enemies, his family was being radiated behind his back by his own government," he said. Mullen said his case would present a better shot at a verdict against the contactors because he can demonstrate that he got massive exposures at the Navy base near Coeur d'Alene, where his day care was located. Today, Mullen's still drinking a lot of milk, and waiting for his day in court. P-I reporter Robert McClure can be reached at 206-448-8092 or robertmcclure@seattlepi.com [Seattle Post-Intelligencer] 101 Elliott Ave. W. Seattle, WA 98119 (206) 448-8000 Send comments to newmedia@seattlepi.com ©1996-2005 Seattle Post-Intelligencer ***************************************************************** 29 Hawk Eye: Senators encouraged by talks Friday, May 20, 2005 Site updated daily at 11 a.m. CST Health and Human Services secretary assures 'swift' action. By KILEY MILLER kmiller@thehawkeye.com Three men, two meetings, one result. Iowa's two senators offered similar assessments Thursday of their separate confabs with Health and Human Services Secretary Mike Leavitt regarding financial help for sick Middletown nuclear weapons workers. Sen. Tom Harkin, a Democrat, said he was encouraged after speaking to Leavitt that "long–awaited compensation for former (Iowa Army Ammunition Plant) workers is at hand." A group of workers petitioned the government last summer to be included in the Special Exposure Cohort of the Energy Employees Compensation Program Act, a designation that would make employees in the plant's nuclear weapons program eligible for $150,000 should they be diagnosed with one of 22 cancers. The Atomic Energy Commission and Department of Energy built and tested nuclear weapons components at the plant from 1949 until 1974, potentially subjecting employees to high doses of carcinogenic radiation. "Secretary Leavitt assured me that he will act swiftly in sending forward the petition to include Cold War–era IAAP workers who have cancer from radiation exposure in the Special Exposure Cohort," Harkin said in a prepared statement. Several plant workers have grown sick and died over the past five years as government agencies played bureaucratic volleyball with the compensation question. An advisory board charged with conducting scientific reviews for the compensation program sent Leavitt a letter earlier this week recommending IAAP be added to the special exposure cohort. Leavitt has a month to make his own recommendation to Congress. Sen. Charles Grassley also sought the secretary's ear Thursday to urge him to move the petition along. The Republican seemed only slightly less confident than Harkin that a quick resolution is at hand. He said travel obligations had thus far prevented Leavitt from reading the advisory board's recommendation, and a "multi–step review within the bureaucracy" remained. "The Secretary understands the need for quick action on this matter and the importance to many Iowans," Grassley said. "He provided me assurances that he will make a recommendation as quickly as possible." The Hawk Eye 800 S. Main St., Burlington, Iowa 52601 319-754-8461 · 1-800-397-1708 · FAX 319-754-6824 · ***************************************************************** 30 Hawk Eye: IAAP effort moves ahead Saturday, May 21, 2005 Site updated daily at 11 a.m. CST DHHS Director approves former workers benefits. By KILEY MILLER kmiller@thehawkeye.com Miracles do happen. Pigs fly, snowballs survive down south. And sometimes the U.S. government moves quickly. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Mike Leavitt approved compensation Friday for former Iowa Army Ammunition Plant nuclear weapons workers with cancer, just two days after the issue hit his desk in Washington. Barring interference from Congress, the decision means hundreds of employees poisoned by radiation at the Middletown plant are on the fast track for $150,000 in cash and payment of medical expenses. Specifically, Leavitt included the plant workers in the special exposure cohort of the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act. The designation means men and women who built some of the Cold War's most powerful weapons will not have to endure a lengthy review process to secure financial assistance from the government. Leavitt has 65,000 employees in his department. But Bob Anderson was ready and willing to help Friday, should the secretary be unable to find a courier to ferry the approval paperwork to Capitol Hill. "Boy, can I carry it for him or anything," said the one–time security officer at the plant who first blew the whistle on the nuclear weapons program at the ammunition plant in a letter to Sen. Tom Harking, D–Iowa. Anderson since has become a leading spokesman for the workers and their families. He got the good news as he prepared to board a plane to fly home to Illinois from a vacation in Connecticut. He thanked Leavitt for "acting right away" to help workers who have waited five years for help from the government. "This cause is just enough to allow the secretary to work expeditiously," Anderson said, "and he has." The Atomic Energy Commission and the Department of Energy operated hidden from view in Middletown for two and a half decades. The 19,000–acre plant was for several years the only military installation in the nation where complete warheads were assembled. The special exposure cohort class includes anyone who worked at least 250 days in the nuclear program between March 1949 and 1975 and developed one of 22 radiation–induced cancers. Survivors of deceased workers are eligible for the compensation, as well. Leavitt received a written recommendation Wednesday from a federal advisory board on radiation illnesses urging him to add the Iowa ammunition plant to the special exposure cohort. Sens. Tom Harkin and Charles Grassley met with the secretary the following day to push the matter along. Grassley, a Republican, was the first to jump on the good news Friday, crediting Leavitt for not wasting any time. "What a relief," he said in a prepared statement. "I had a very good feeling after my meeting with Secretary Leavitt yesterday but you can never be sure until it actually happens." According to Grassley's staffers, Leavitt will send three documents to Speaker of the House Dennis Hastert, R–Illinois. The paperwork includes a report explaining his cohort designation, a definition of the employees covered and the criteria and findings upon which the designation was based. Congress gets 30 days to overturn Leavitt's decision before it becomes final. Both Harkin and Grassley vowed to fight any shenanigans from their colleagues. "This is one member of Congress who isn't going to let anything happen to change this decision," Grassley said. Harkin called Leavitt's decision "great news" and, repeating a common theme Friday, thanked Leavitt for "his quick action." "These workers have waited years to be compensated for worker–related illnesses," the senator said. "Their compensation is long overdue and it is high time they receive the help they need. These workers helped protect our nation and deserve nothing less." Laurence Fuortes, a University of Iowa physician who helped petition the government on behalf of the ammunition plant workers, could not be reached Friday afternoon at his office. Rules of the compensation program gave Leavitt a full month to act on the advisory board's decision — time he clearly did not need. "There are some questions that come into our office that are really relatively straightforward," said Bill Hall, a DHHS spokesman, "where the information is clear, everybody is in agreement, and the secretary can make a quick decision. Other questions, obviously, take more time." The Hawk Eye 800 S. Main St., Burlington, Iowa 52601 319-754-8461 · 1-800-397-1708 · FAX 319-754-6824 · webmaster@thehawkeye.com ***************************************************************** 31 NukeNet: House funds interim nuclear storage Date: Sat, 21 May 2005 09:47:32 -0700

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: [NukeNet] House funds interim nuclear storage
Date: Sat, 21 May 2005 13:54:23 -0400
From: Mike Ewall <catalyst@actionpa.org>
To: nukenet@energyjustice.net


NukeNet Anti-Nuclear Network (nukenet@energyjustice.net)


Department of Energy sites in Washington, Idaho and South Carolina are 
named as potential "interim" sites for "spent" fuel that would have gone to 
Yucca Mountain.

Thanks to Ellen at NucNews.net for compiling these...


1- House: Interim Storage Needed at Nuke Dump (5/12)
2- House panel OKs funds for moving nuke waste (5/13)
3- House panel votes to boost funds for interim nuclear
storage (5/18)
4- Panel urges stopgap waste sites (5/19)
--

House: Interim Storage Needed at Nuke Dump

By ERICA WERNER
The Associated Press
Thursday, May 12, 2005; 7:05 PM

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/12/AR2005051201287_pf.html

WASHINGTON -- A House spending panel is directing the Energy
Department to start sending nuclear waste to an interim
storage site next year, a shift from the Bush
administration's focus on the troubled Yucca Mountain dump
in Nevada.

Rep. David Hobson, chairman of the House Appropriations
subcommittee on energy and water, included $10 million for
the effort in a spending bill the subcommittee passed on
Thursday.

The legislation, approved by voice vote, directs the
department to select one or more aboveground sites that will
be ready in 2006 to accept some of the thousands of tons of
commercial reactor fuel and defense waste now accumulating
in 39 states.

Hobson said he remains committed to Yucca Mountain, the
planned underground dump for the nation's nuclear waste, but
that delays to the project have made interim storage
necessary. The bill does not specify a storage site.

Yucca Mountain has endured a string of problems. The most
recent concerned allegations that government workers on the
project falsified data. Also, the department recently
abandoned a 2010 completion date and did not set a new one.

The government is facing billions of dollars in potential
liability from nuclear utilities because it promised to
start accepting their waste in 1998, but failed to make good.

"I'm trying to bridge that gap between the time that Yucca
Mountain opens," Hobson, R-Ohio, told reporters after the
subcommittee vote.

"We're incurring a lot of litigation when we don't get the
spent fuel rods out from these power plants like we said we
were going to do," he said. "This way we could eliminate
that, cut down on the security problems they have, and put
them into some aboveground sites."

Hobson's bill still grants President Bush's 2006 spending
request for Yucca Mountain. Bush proposed $651 million in
his budget plan released in February; Hobson's subcommittee
would fund the project at $661 million, with the additional
money going for the interim storage plan.

An Energy Department spokeswoman said the department remains
focused on Yucca Mountain, which was approved by Congress in
2002 to store 77,000 tons of nuclear waste beneath the
desert 90 miles northwest of Las Vegas.

"We are reviewing the legislation, but obviously we are
continuing to work toward a permanent geologic repository at
Yucca Mountain," Anne Womack Kolton said.

In the Senate, Minority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., favors
legislation to permanently leave nuclear waste at the
reactor sites where it now sits.

On the Net:

Energy Department's Yucca Mountain site:
http://www.ocrwm.doe.gov/

House Appropriations Committee: http://appropriations.house.gov/

----

House panel OKs funds for moving nuke waste

By Suzanne Struglinski <suzanne@lasvegassun.com>
WASHINGTON BUREAU, Las Vegas SUN
May 13, 2005

http://www.lasvegassun.com/sunbin/stories/text/2005/may/13/518752628.html

WASHINGTON -- The Energy Department may get $10 million to
start moving nuclear waste to an interim storage site as
early as 2006, based on a provision included in a House
spending bill Thursday.

The House Appropriations Energy and Water Subcommittee
approved $661 million for the Yucca Mountain project,
fulfilling the department's budget request while adding an
additional $10 million in a vague request to begin moving
waste to other department sites.

"It's time to rethink our approach to dealing with spent
fuel," Subcommittee Chairman David Hobson, R-Ohio, said.
"It's irresponsible the policies we have now. It delays us."

The bill does not name a site to take the waste or implement
a specific policy but gives the department the ability to
start moving waste to a site as early as next year, Hobson said.

"This stuff is not in the safest place right now," Hobson
said. "This is a vision to move forward."

The Energy Department plans to store 77,000 tons of nuclear
waste at Yucca Mountain, 90 miles northwest of Las Vegas.
The department was supposed to move the waste in 1998 but
the project has suffered a series of delays and setbacks.

Hobson said the effort should not been seen as losing
confidence in the Yucca Mountain project, saying it is
"critical" the government gets the project "done right and
done soon."

"I have 100 percent of the funding in there," Hobson said.
"I will fight to the death for Yucca Mountain just as my
opponent says he will fight against it."

Hobson's "opponent," Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid,
D-Nev., is the top Democrat on the Senate Appropriations
Energy and Water Development Subcommittee. Reid works to cut
the Yucca budget every year and disagrees with Hobson's
effort for it to move forward.

Reid spokeswoman Tessa Hafen this is an acknowledgement that
the department cannot move forward on Yucca. She noted that
the House usually asks for more than the department's
request but usually gets less after final negotiations with
Reid.

She said the ongoing investigations into possibly falsified
data at the project give Reid "added ammunition" in his
fight to lower the funding.

"It's proof that was he has been saying over the years about
this money going down a dark hole," Hafen said.

The additional $10 million can go toward casks or plans to
move waste to a site. It builds on the request the
department already had to buy casks, committee spokesman
John Scofield said. It gives the department the ability to
pick a site or sites, make plans and decide how to move forward.

The subcommittee will not release the exact language in the
bill until the House Appropriations Committee takes it up
next week. The Senate will not begin finalizing its bill at
least until after the Memorial Day recess.

Hobson said he has a site in mind but would not offer
details. He also said it could be more than one site.

"It is not in Nevada," Hobson said. "If one happens to be in
Ohio, OK."

Under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act, an interim storage site
can not be in Nevada. Congress killed an effort to amend the
law and have temporary storage at Yucca Mountain five years ago.

Hobson suggested in March that the Nevada Test Site could
serve as a site to store waste for 100 to 500 years as
scientists figured out a better way to store or reprocess fuel.

Sen. John Ensign, R-Nev., spokesman Jack Finn did not want
to comment until had seen a copy of the exact language.

Rep. Jim Gibbons, R-Nev., opposes any funding for Yucca
Mountain, according to spokeswoman Amy Spanbauer. He wants
to see the country invest money on "21st century technology"
to fight the waste problem and keeping waste safe where it is.

David Cherry, spokesman for Rep. Shelley Berkley, D-Nev.,
called the proposal an "absolute non-starter."

"There is nothing in there to be in agreement with," Cherry
said.

He said she would oppose any plan to move waste away from
nuclear power plants. An interim site, with the final
destination still at Yucca, creates a double risk for
terrorist attacks or accidents.

He said there is no plan on how to move it or where it would go.

But Hobson says the Energy Department accepts waste from
foreign reactors already to store at some of its facilities
and nuclear waste is moved around the country all the time.

"Give me a break, we have to get real," Hobson said. "This
is not brain science. This is not inventing a new wheel."

Hobson said the country loses about $500 million every year
Yucca Mountain does not open. He emphasized that other
countries are reprocessing fuel and storing nuclear waste
with no problems. The government has not fulfilled its
contract with nuclear companies to take the waste and legal
decisions force the government to pay damages to some utilities.

The bill also puts an additional $5 million to the Advanced
Fuel Cycle Initiative. The department will have to pick a
process to use to recycle nuclear waste by 2007, according
to the subcommittee.

Hobson included the extra money because it is "time we
rethink our reluctance to reprocessing fuel."

"I don't want to get to 'Yucca Mountain Two' right away,"
Hobson said.

The recycling would be aimed at how to decrease the amount
of existing waste without creating dangerous byproducts or
more waste in the process.


----

House panel votes to boost funds for interim nuclear storage

By Joe Bauman
E-mail: bau@desnews.com
Wednesday, May 18, 2005 Deseret Morning News

http://deseretnews.com/dn/view2/1,4382,600134701,00.html?textfield=nuclear

       A U.S. House subcommittee has voted to increase
funding for interim storage of high-level nuclear waste by
$10 million, with the group's chairman expressing doubts
about the viability of the planned Yucca Mountain permanent
storage site.

       Deciding to favor interim storage over permanent
could amount to an acknowledgement that Yucca Mountain is
far behind schedule.

       The money would go to a U.S. Department of Energy
interim facility, so the funding is not aimed at the
industry-owned Private Fuel Storage site proposed for Skull
Valley, Tooele County. But it doesn't preclude construction
of the Tooele plant, raising the possibility of more than
one temporary facility.

       In addition, the markup by the House Energy and Water
Developments Subcommittee torpedoed funding for developing
the controversial "bunker-buster" nuclear weapon. Some
Utahns worried that if the bunker buster were built it would
be tested at the nearby Nevada Test Site.

       The subcommittee, part of the House Committee on
Appropriations, last week approved a $29.7 billion funding
bill, to be debated by the full committee today. It would
appropriate $661 million for Yucca Mountain.

       A committee press release notes the amount is $84
million above the fiscal 2005 funding and "$10 million over
the request" by the Bush administration.

       The Yucca Mountain site is in trouble because of
fierce opposition by a top Democrat, Sen. Harry Reid,
D-Nev., and officials of the state of Nevada. Also, it has
recently been slammed by scandal, including claims of
falsifications involving scientific studies of the
underground site's ability to withstand water erosion
through the eons.

       The chairman of the subcommittee, Rep. David Hobson,
R-Ohio, seemed to question whether Yucca Mountain remains
viable. But he supported continuing to spend millions of
dollars on the project.

       However, the $10 million extra, according to the
committee, would start moving "spent nuclear fuel away from
reactor sites to an interim DOE (Department of Energy)
storage facility."

       That apparently excludes funding for the Private Fuel
Storage site proposed for Skull Valley for the immediate
purposes of the bill. PFS, awaiting licensing by the nuclear
Regulatory Commission, is a private facility, not a DOE site.

       In comments about the appropriations bill that
wereposted on the committee's Web site, Hobson commented
that the subcommittee did not fund Yucca Mountain as
strongly as he would have liked.

       "I don't like going forward with so little money for
Yucca Mountain, but we are playing the hand that we were
dealt," he said. Hobson added he remains "hopeful that the
administration will come to its senses, or that the Senate
will find a creative way to keep Yucca alive."

       John Scofield, spokesman for the appropriations
committee, told the Deseret Morning News that the $10
million was added to a like amount already in the bill, for
a total of $20 million, "to expedite the storage of special
nuclear materials at an interim facility." Special refers to
high-level radioactive waste.

       He said the bill does not specify which facility to
use for the interim storage.

       The subcommittee markup deleted funding for
"bunker-buster" nuclear weapons research. Anti-nuclear
activists had feared the weapons would be tested at the
Nevada Test Site.

       Vanessa Pierce of the Healthy Environment Alliance of
Utah said the subcommittee trimmed $4 million for
bunker-buster research, "which was the total amount that had
been requested for it on the nuclear side."

       Pierce added, "That is a huge victory."

       She noted that a recent report by the National
Academy of Sciences predicts that bunker-buster weapons used
in warfare would kill many people other than those inside
the underground fortresses they are designed to penetrate.

       "If we use a bunker buster, there will be thousands
to millions of innocent civilian casualties," said Pierce,
HEAL's program director. "And that's not a fate we would
wish for anyone."

       Closer to home, Pierce said, if the weapon were
developed "there's a chance it would be tested, and Utahns
would be put at risk for being downwind a second time." By
"second time," she was referring to the nuclear bombs
detonated above ground at the Nevada Test Site during the
1950s and '60s, dumping radioactive fallout on Utah and
other states.

       Although the bunker buster would be designed for
underground warfare, Utahns may be nervous because in the
past venting has occurred at the Nevada Test Site.

       In 1970, a 10 kiloton nuclear bomb in a test
code-named Baneberry exploded 900 feet underground at the
Test Site. It vented, with material breaking the surface.
Baneberry spewed a cloud of radioactive debris into the
atmosphere.


----

Panel urges stopgap waste sites
Delays at Yucca Mountain cause House members to seek interim
plan for spent fuel

By STEVE TETREAULT
STEPHENS WASHINGTON BUREAU
Thursday, May 19, 2005
Las Vegas Review-Journal

http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2005/May-19-Thu-2005/news/26553353.html

WASHINGTON -- A House committee approved a bill Wednesday
that presses the Department of Energy to pursue stopgap
storage sites for nuclear waste as delays mount at Yucca
Mountain.

The panel directed the department to consider placing spent
nuclear fuel on federal reservations in Washington state,
Idaho or South Carolina or other federally owned sites,
closed military bases or fuel storage facilities not
operated by the government.

The proposal, led by Rep. David Hobson, R-Ohio, represents a
turn in the decades-long effort to dispose of high-level
radioactive spent fuel gathering at nuclear power plants.

Hobson, who leads a House energy subcommittee, said his
purpose was not to replace plans for a Yucca Mountain
repository in Nevada but to provide a cushion for the project.

It has been set back in recent years by legal rulings,
underfunding by Congress and allegations that
quality-assurance documents might have been falsified.

"Yucca Mountain is going to happen, but in the interim, I
have to have some solution," Hobson said.

"It helps bridge the time until (Yucca Mountain) is open,
and it helps underwriters," Hobson said.

Underwriters will decide whether to loan billions of dollars
to utilities to build new power plants amid uncertainty
about how their spent fuel will be managed.

In the late 1990s, the Energy Department supported storing
nuclear waste at a temporary site near Yucca Mountain.
Hobson's proposal marks the debut of an idea to gather
nuclear waste on government land elsewhere, officials said.

The bill approved Wednesday must navigate the House and the
Senate. The measure has gotten a lukewarm reception from the
Energy Department and some in the nuclear industry who fear
it might distract attention from completing the Nevada
repository.

"We're trying to say let's look at this and let's get it
started," Hobson said.

Nevada lawmakers, who oppose Yucca Mountain, were split on
the proposal.

Rep. Jon Porter, R-Nev., said he saw it as a sign that
lawmakers are recognizing flaws at the Yucca site, which
critics call unsafe and unsuitable for nuclear waste storage.

"The fact that they are looking at alternatives is a
positive," Porter said.

But Rep. Shelley Berkley, D-Nev., said setting up interim
storage in other states does little to stop a Nevada repository.

"I don't think it takes the pressure off Yucca Mountain,"
she said. "It's just a temporary solution."

Hobson inserted his provision into a report with the Energy
Department's annual spending bill.

As approved Wednesday by the House Appropriations Committee,
the bill allocates $661 million to continue work at Yucca
Mountain, $10 million more than the Energy Department requested.

The committee told the agency to use the $10 million, plus
another $10 million within its budget, to start exploring
interim storage. The committee told DOE to send Congress a
study within four months.

The proposal was coupled with a new push for the Energy
Department to speed research of recycling technologies that
could reduce the volumes and toxicity of spent nuclear fuel.

The committee directed DOE to recommend by October 2008 some
form of waste reprocessing.

New forms of reprocessing being used in Europe can reduce
risks that caused the United States to abandon commercial
reprocessing in the 1970s, the committee said in its report.



_______________________________________________________________________
Subscribe/Unsubscribe Here: http://www.energyjustice.net/nukenet/
Change your settings or access the archives at:
http://energyjustice.net/mailman/listinfo/nukenet_energyjustice.net


***************************************************************** 32 HoustonChronicle.com: Radioactive waste begins its journey to Texas [HoustonChronicle.com logo] HoustonChronicle.com May 22, 2005, 9:57AM By BETSY BLANEY Associated Press AT A GLANCE Here's a step-by-step look at the process workers will use to transport radioactive waste 1,341 miles from a shuttered government plant in Ohio to a storage facility in West Texas: • Workers remotely control machines to mix the uranium byproduct waste with fly ash — fine particles of ashes, dust and soot — and cement to create a loose grout. • The mixture is mechanically poured through a chute into half-inch thick cylindrical carbon steel canisters. In all, there will be 5,000 containers, each weighing an average of 20,000 pounds. • An overhead crane lifts the closed containers onto specially designed flatbed trucks. • The grout — 80 percent fly ash and cement and 20 percent uranium byproduct waste — begins to solidify inside containers. • Trucks leave the plant in twos. They are monitored using global positioning satellites and drivers check in with supervisors by cell phone. Placards indicating that radioactive waste is on the trucks are placed on the front, back, and both sides of the trailers. • If there is an accident or anything goes wrong with the containers, a driver will notify his supervisors, who will contact local authorities. A driver would keep onlookers and motorists away from the truck as well as the containers' concrete-like contents. Low-level radiation contamination is possible if people come in contact with the mixture, Fernald spokesman Jeff Wagner said. But first responders, dressed in protective suits, will set up a decontamination area. The public is not at great risk, Wagner said. • The material arrives in up to four days — depending on whether there are one or two drivers — and is delivered to Waste Control Specialists' site 30 miles west of the town of Andrews near the Texas-New Mexico border. Source: Fluor Fernald, the U.S. Department of Energy contractor cleaning up the Ohio plant just outside Cincinnati. LUBBOCK — Trucks toting tons of Cold War-era uranium byproduct waste from a shuttered government plant in Ohio will begin their 1,300-mile journey to Texas this month. The Ohio plant processed and purified uranium metal for use in reactors to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons from the 1950s until 1989. The waste will be transported to a site near the Texas-New Mexico border in about 5,000 large, sealed containers filled with a concrete mixture. The material does not pose a great risk to humans, said Jeff Wagner, a spokesman for the Fluor Fernald, the U.S. Department of Energy contractor cleaning up the shuttered plant just outside Cincinnati. Should an accident occur, first responders would deal with it like a hazardous materials spill, he said. "From a radiation standpoint, it's not going to kill people," Wagner said, adding that there are "far greater risks" from chemicals, gasoline and acids being carried on the nation's roadways. Visionary Solutions, LLC, an Oak Ridge, Tenn.-based company, will transport the radioactive waste, but Fernald is responsible for preparing the material before it's loaded onto flatbed trucks. In 1998, DOE inspectors reported that Fernald failed to provide strong, tight containers and proper supervision to the waste transport program when moving radioactive waste to the DOE's Nevada Test Site just outside Las Vegas. The report came after leaks developed in the containers in 1997. No contamination occurred, but shipments stopped for 18 months. Since then, shipping containers have been redesigned, quality control is more rigorous and there is increased focus on transportation issues, Wagner said. But in March 2002, 70 mph winds just outside Laramie, Wyo., blew over a Fernald truck that carried two one-liter padded containers of a liquid solution of plutonium and neptunium inside the cab. The material, which is used for calibrating instruments and analyzing samples that might contain radioactive materials, was going to the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory near Idaho Falls. No radioactivity was released and no one was injured. Environmentalists say incidents like those show the risks involved in moving dangerous materials. "The evidence out there is that just like any shipments, there's potential for accidents," Sierra Club spokesman Cyrus Reed said. "This material is so long lasting, and the results aren't necessarily imminent but they're more chronic in nature." At least two Texas-bound trucks will leave Ohio during the week of May 30, Wagner said. The trip will take between two and four days. Each truck is designed to carry two containers, each weighing an average of 20,000 pounds, and will be tracked by global positioning satellites. Trucks will make trips to Texas through the end of the year. The route was chosen for travel time, distance and population along the way to minimize the risk, Wagner said. The trucks will primarily use interstate highways and they will travel around Indianapolis, St. Louis and East St. Louis, Ill., and Oklahoma City on highway bypasses. The trucks will enter Texas on Interstate 40 and travel through Amarillo and Lubbock to get to the site in Andrews, just north of Odessa. Dallas-based Waste Control Specialists won a $7.5 million contract from Fernald in late April to store the waste — two months after state officials granted the company a license amendment that expanded the site's storage capacity to 1.5 million cubic feet — nearly five times its current size — making it eligible to accept the Ohio waste. The Sierra Club has requested a hearing to contest the license change. A hearing before an administrative judge in Austin is set for July 11. Waste Control also seeks a license to dispose of the Ohio waste. Without the license, the waste can remain at the Texas site for only two years. ——— On the Net: Fluor Fernald: www.fernald.gov Visionary Solutions LLC: vs-llc.com/ Waste Control Specialists: www.wcstexas.com ***************************************************************** 33 L.A. Daily News: Cleanup planned for site by homes Development expected to get council approval Santa Clarita Article Published: Friday, May 20, 2005 - 6:34:51 By Eugene Tong, Staff writer SAUGUS - A cleanup plan is being drafted for a contaminated well near the site of Newhall Land's 1,100-home Riverpark project, just as the development is close to gaining city approval, officials said. The Santa Clarita City Council is prepared to sign off Tuesday on the proposed 695-acre subdivision north of the Santa Clara River. The vote comes more than a month after the discovery of the rocket-fuel ingredient perchlorate in a well forced The Newhall Land and Farming Company to delay what may have been the project's final public hearing. The Valencia Water Company well is located west of Bouquet Canyon Road and south of Newhall Ranch Road, just outside the project's boundary. Officials found in late March the well had perchlorate levels between 9.8 and 11 parts per billion - slightly above the 6 parts per billion allowed under state environmental guidelines. The development sits north of the former Whittaker-Bermite munitions plant. The plant closed in 1987, but the site is polluted with several chemical compounds, which have migrated into area groundwater. Perchlorate from the plant has shut down several municipal wells that had levels of between 25 to 40 parts per billion. In high doses, the chemical can cause thyroid damage and cancer. Newhall Land officials have said the well does not affect Riverpark as the subdivision will be served by a different utility - the Santa Clarita Water division of the Castaic Lake Water Agency. Valencia Water is owned by Newhall Land. "This discovery has no affect on any conclusions for the final environmental impact report of Riverpark," said Marlee Lauffer, a Newhall Land spokeswoman. The city planners agreed, concluding in a staff report the contamination "does not rise to the level of 'significant new information"' to alter Riverpark's final environmental impact report. Also, there are no signs of perchlorate at four other wells located within or adjacent to the development, they said. "The EIR has fully analyzed all impacts," said Jeff Hogan, a city planner. If the City Council approves the development Tuesday, a second and final reading will be scheduled June 14. An April study authorized by Valencia Water concluded that shutting down the contaminated well does not impact the utility's water supply, and recommended an ion exchange wellhead treatment to remove the perchlorate. The procedure is consistent with cleanup plans already approved for the Whittaker-Bermite site, according to the report prepared by consulting engineers Luhdorff &Scalmanini. An application for the procedure has been submitted to the state Department of Health Services, Lauffer said. Newhall Land has offered the city land and other concessions in return for permission to build Riverpark, including $24 million worth of right-of-way dedications and fees for the city's 8.5-mile east-west Cross Valley Connector road. But critics have warned of the project's potential dangers, including environmental damage to the Santa Clara River. Eugene Tong, (661) 257-5253 eugene.tong@dailynews.com IF YOU GO The Santa Clarita City Council meets Tuesday at City Hall, 23920 Valencia Blvd. Open session begins at 6 p.m. Copyright © 2005 Los Angeles Daily News ***************************************************************** 34 Japan Times: New nuclear-fuel cycle moratorium opposed by Japan Saturday, May 21, 2005 NEW YORK (Kyodo) Japan reiterated Thursday at the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty review conference in New York its opposition to the International Atomic Energy Agency chief's proposal for a voluntary moratorium on new nuclear-fuel cycle facilities. Takeshi Nakane, Japan's delegate to the talks, said Japan believes IAEA Director General Mohamed ElBaradei's proposed five-year moratorium is not appropriate and would probably obstruct the use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes under long-term programs. Speaking at a main committee meeting, Nakane also said full-ranging discussions should be held on the proposal for setting up international management of uranium enrichment and reprocessing facilities, including how it would contribute to the strengthening of the nonproliferation framework. ElBaradei proposed the moratorium in his speech May 2 at the opening ceremony of the 2005 Review Conference of the NPT. Japan's Atomic Energy Commission decided last October to keep its current nuclear energy policy of reprocessing spent nuclear fuel to extract plutonium, instead of burying the spent fuel. A new reprocessing plant at Rokkasho, Aomori Prefecture, is scheduled to begin operations in 2007. Scientists have said the plant's capacity of extracting about 8 tons of plutonium in a year from spent fuel is enough to make 1,000 atomic bombs. The Japan Times: May 21, 2005 (C) All rights reserved ***************************************************************** 35 Bradenton Herald: Tallevast prepares for signing | 05/21/2005 | STEPHEN MAJORS Herald Staff Writer MANATEE - Four years of living amid dangerous contaminants without knowing it and then fighting for some form of redress will take Tallevast community leaders on a momentous trip to Tallahassee next week. The legislation expected to be signed into law Tuesday by Gov. Jeb Bush will not help Tallevast residents undo the damage done there, but community leaders say they hope it will prevent other communities from suffering a similar fate. The state Department of Environmental Protection will have a duty to notify property owners that contamination has spread onto their property within 30 days of receiving the information. "We feel just overjoyed," said Wanda Washington, vice president of Family Oriented Community United & Strong, which represents Tallevast. "We're glad that we could be instrumental in that law being put in place." "We are very pleased," said FOCUS President Laura Ward. The Tallevast community has been plagued by groundwater contamination from the former Loral American Beryllium Co. for several years. Lockheed Martin, which later took ownership of the company's property, discovered that contamination had spread into the surrounding community. Lockheed notified the DEP, but Tallevast residents were never told about the contamination. Residents did not find out until they inquired about drilling taking place in the neighborhood. "We hope this will not happen to any other community going forward," Washington said. Washington and Ward will be joined in Tallahassee by Rep. Bill Galvano, R-Bradenton, who introduced the bill and passed it through the Legislature this session after talking with Washington and Ward earlier in the year. The bill passed both chambers unanimously and will become law with the governor's signature, expected Tuesday. "It feels great to see the finish line," Galvano said. "I'm looking forward to getting it done next week but the work at Tallevast continues." Ward said she is currently out of town but will try to make arrangements to be in Tallahassee on Tuesday. Ward and Washington will see if additional community members are interested in making the trip. ***************************************************************** 36 Bradenton Herald: State officials to release delayed review of Tallevast report 05/21/2005 | DONNA WRIGHT Herald Staff Writer Tallevast residents will soon know what the state environmental regulators think of Lockheed Martin Corp.'s latest efforts to map an underground plume of toxic chemicals in their back yards. The state's review should be released next week, Department of Environmental Protection spokeswoman Pamala Vazquez said Friday. The review will cover data submitted by Lockheed on Feb. 1 and April 15 that revealed the plume grew from an original estimate of 5 acres to more than 131 acres. The plume of industrial solvents stems from the former Loral American Beryllium Co. plant at 1600 Tallevast Road. As former owners of the plant when the contamination was found, Lockheed has assumed responsibility for cleaning up the mess. Tallevast residents recently criticized DEP for its delay in responding to Lockheed's latest data. But Vazquez said Friday that DEP was waiting until Lockheed completed additional drilling in step-out areas from the known perimeter of the plume to determine its outer limits. That decision to delay comment, Vazquez said, was made at the request of leaders of a Tallevast advocacy group called Family Oriented Community United & Strong. "After the Lockheed Martin Corp. submittal in February, we met with the FOCUS group and its consultant in early March," Vazquez said. "At that meeting, we all agreed that additional data needed to be collected. FOCUS asked us to wait in sending our comment letter until after the step-out well data could be collected and reviewed." FOCUS leaders could not be reached late Friday afternoon for comment on Vazquez's statement. Additional data was submitted by Lockheed Martin Corp. on April 15, said Vazquez. But that report did not include all of the step-out well data. "Lockheed Martin reported site access issues that have delayed drilling the final step-out wells," said Vazquez. "We decided several weeks ago that we did not want to wait any longer to send the comment letter on the Feb. 1 and April 15 submittals." William Kutash, program administrator for the waste cleanup program at Tallevast, was working on that letter when a death in his family delayed him, Vazquez said. Kutash is expected to return to work Monday. "We plan to have that letter go out next week," she said, "and we will write a second comment letter after the final step-out data is received from Lockheed Martin." Vazquez said DEP officials understand Tallevast residents' anxiety. "We want to work with the community," she said. "They live there. We take their concerns very seriously. We do listen, and we can understand how they feel about what is going on there." Vazquez said DEP is continually in contact with Lockheed Martin about test results and pending testing. Lockheed Martin announced Friday that it will resume work on step-out wells next week. Work crews will revisit the Tallevast area beginning Monday to install additional monitoring wells and conduct sampling on the airport property and land northwest of Tallevast, said Meredith Rouse Davis, Lockheed spokeswoman. The new surveys are part of an ongoing process to determine the boundaries of the plume. The work will begin Monday and last about two weeks, Davis announced Friday. Results from sampling are expected in mid-June. "It is important for Tallevast residents to understand that we are working diligently to keep the process moving and to address their concerns as we go through that process," Vazquez said. When all of the step-out data is submitted and reviewed, Vazquez said, DEP will send out a second comment letter, with a copy going to FOCUS. Vazquez also confirmed DEP had tested irrigation wells on a nearby golf course and found no contaminants. She wanted to reassure Tallevast residents that the golf course wells were hundreds of feet deep, far below the plume. ***************************************************************** 37 Taipei Times: The moral case against nuclear proliferation By Joseph Nye www.taipeitimes.com Sun, May 22, 2005 News Editorials Advertising [Advertising] Nearly all the world's nations are meeting in New York to review the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The NPT was negotiated in the 1960s after five countries (the US, the Soviet Union, Britain, France, and China) developed nuclear weapons. India, Pakistan, and Israel refused to join the treaty and, over time, constructed their own atomic bombs. Now North Korea and Iran stand accused of violating their treaty commitments by pursuing nuclear weapons. Aside from the legal issues, is there a moral case for non-proliferation? In a world of sovereign states, is it hypocritical for some to have nuclear weapons and deny them to others? If no one had the bomb today, it would be best if it were not invented. But history depends on the paths that were taken in the past. Suppose it were 1939, and states were debating whether the US should invent the bomb. They might have argued that all should get it or none. But if they knew that Hitler's Germany would get it, they might have approved Franklin Roosevelt's decision to develop it before the Nazis. Besides, turning back the clock is impossible. Even if all countries agree to disarm, some might cheat. The successful cheaters would most likely be authoritarian states with little transparency. After all, North Korea says that it has developed nuclear weapons despite having signed the NPT. Libya was also a party to the NPT while it pursued a covert nuclear program. If one regards impartiality and attention to consequences as essential to morality, one could imagine countries accepting the morality of unequal possession of nuclear weapons if certain conditions were met. For example, the purposes should be limited to self-defense. States possessing weapons should take special steps to reduce the prospect of their use. The weapons should be used to help preserve the independence of all states, rather than for imperial aggrandizement, and steps should be taken to reduce arsenals as political conditions permit. Today's NPT comes close to reflecting such conditions. Of course, the NPT does not rest solely on moral arguments, but primarily on self-interest and prudence. Most states adhere because they believe that their security would be diminished if more states obtained nuclear weapons. The treaty helps them to reduce fears of cheating by neighbors because it provides for inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The credibility of US security guarantees for its allies is one of the reasons that the bomb did not spread to 25 countries within a decade, as President John F. Kennedy once expected. Non-proliferation is not hypocritical if it is based on an impartial and realistic estimation of risks. But if a state like North Korea or Iran decides to accept such risks, should that be purely its own choice? Perhaps, if the risks were borne solely by its own people, but they are not. Third parties are justified in rejecting the risks that would be imposed upon them. The history of proliferation shows that political chain reactions often occur -- witness China, India and Pakistan -- and there are real fears that North Korea and Iran might trigger such chains in Northeast Asia and the Middle East. Some people argue that nuclear proliferation will actually reduce risks. Call it the "porcupine theory." In such a prickly world, no country would dare aggression. But this assumes perfect rationality. In the real world, accidents occur, so more proliferation means a greater chance of eventual inadvertent use, weaker capacity in managing nuclear crises, and greater difficulty in establishing controls and reducing the role of nuclear weapons in world politics. In addition, the more states possess nuclear weapons, the greater the prospects that terrorists will gain access to them. Of course, transnational terrorists usually have no "return address" that allows the threat of mutual deterrence to work, but North Korea or Iran has no moral right to impose this risk upon others. Three EU countries -- the UK, France and Germany -- are trying to persuade Iran to give up its nuclear enrichment program, which would give it bomb material to use after a quick withdrawal from the treaty. Iran claims a right to enrichment under Article 4 of the NPT, but that article has to be read in light of the other articles and of Iran's past deception vis-vis the IAEA. In East Asia, North Korea withdrew from the NPT after using it to disguise its weapons program, and China, the US, Japan, Russia and South Korea are trying to persuade Kim Jong-il's regime to reverse course. It seems right for these states to use pressure to dissuade Iran and North Korea from imposing new risks on the world. But the existing nuclear weapons states also must be mindful of the moral conditions that underlie the NPT bargain. The obligation under Article 6 to reduce arsenals cannot be interpreted to require prompt disarmament unless that would enhance stability. Such conditions do not yet exist in a world where undemocratic states cheat on legal obligations. But the nuclear weapons states should continue to reduce the role of nuclear weapons, and refrain from new programs that suggest the prospect of their use. Given the dangers that increased risks imply for everyone, there is a strong moral case for a policy of stopping further proliferation rather than arguing that Iran or North Korea have a right to do whatever they wish as sovereign states. But it is also important to remember that obligations of non-proliferation bind nuclear weapons states as well. Joseph Nye, a former assistant US secretary of defense and director of the National Intelligence Council, is a professor at Harvard University and author of Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. This story has been viewed 259 times. Copyright © 1999-2005 The Taipei Times. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 38 Tri-City Herald: House approves funds for projects This story was published Saturday, May 21st, 2005 By Annette Cary, Herald staff writer The U.S. House approved $2.25 million for development of the Hanford National Monument Heritage and Visitor Center in Richland during a Thursday night vote. It also approved $250,000 to continue a study to save Hanford's historic B Reactor as a museum. Both budget items were added to the Fiscal Year 2006 Interior Appropriations bill by Rep. Doc Hastings, R-Wash. In addition, he added $1 million to preserve B Reactor to another appropriations bill the House is expected to consider next week that includes Department of Energy funds. Money for the projects also must be approved by the Senate. The money approved for the visitor center would bring the amount from the Fish and Wildlife Service to $3 million -- the maximum the agency can spend on a visitor center project. Last year, Congress provided $750,000 for the Hanford Reach Visitor Center. The 61,0000-square-foot center is expected to cost about $32 million, and money for the project is being pieced together. The push by Hastings for the money and the House action Thursday "made my week," said Ron Hicks, executive director of the center. "It's wonderful news." Earlier this year Hastings secured almost $1.6 million for the center in the House-approved transportation reauthorization bill. It may be enacted into law this year. The center has had $1 million pledged by Battelle, which operates Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and the Atomic Heritage Foundation has offered more than $200,000. The largest amount, $9 million, has come from Public Facilities District bonds and Richland city donations for infrastructure. Some construction could begin on the project this year, but it's not expected to be completed until 2008, Hicks said. It will be built on 50 acres near the confluence of the Columbia and Yakima rivers at Columbia Point to serve as a gateway to the Hanford Reach National Monument. Visitors will learn about the role of the Columbia River in exhibits expected to cover Ice Age floods, the ecology of the basin and Hanford's role in the Atomic Age. The $250,000 for B Reactor would be used to continue the National Park Service study on preservation of the B Reactor and other Manhattan Project facilities. B Reactor, on the bank of the Columbia River, was the nation's first full-scale production reactor. As part of the Manhattan Project that raced to develop the atomic bomb, it produced the plutonium for the world's first nuclear explosion, the Trinity Test in New Mexico. It also produced plutonium for the "Fat Man" bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, on Aug. 9, 1945. Within days, the Japanese surrendered, ending World War II. The study money along with the $1 million proposed for preservation "puts us another step closer to developing B Reactor into a museum," Hastings said in a prepared statement. "Preservation of the B Reactor will enable future generations to learn and appreciate this amazing undertaking and its profound contribution to our nation's defense." © 2005 Tri-City Herald, Associated Press &Other Wire Services ***************************************************************** 39 The Argus: We suggest public-private approach for Los Alamos Inside Bay Area - Argus - Opinion Article Last Updated: 05/21/2005 08:39:04 AM AS THE COMPETITION to operate Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico intensifies, the University of California has improved its bid by putting together a public-private partnership and recruiting the director of the Lawrence Livermore weapons laboratory. As we suggested several months ago, we think the public-private approach is the best way to go. University of California has teamed up with the international giant Bechtel Corp., the engineering firm Washington Group International and BWXT, a nuclear-operations expert. All three major New Mexico universities are also on board. To strengthen its team, the university added Michael Anastasio, physicist and bomb designer who is the director of Lawrence Livermore laboratory. If UC holds on to the contract it's had for the last 62 years, Anastasio will become director of Las Alamos. It would be an interesting twist that would see the once rival laboratories working together. Under the plan, UC will do what it does best, concentrate on the science and recruiting scientists. Washington Group International and BWXT will handle the nuclear operations. Bechtel, which manages the Nevada Test Site for nuclear weapons and has experience with other Energy Department nuclear projects, will be in charge of security, safety and business practices. It was in these last areas that UC suffered lapses in the past, leading to the U.S. Energy Department's decision to take bids on the contract for the first time in the lab's history. It was a smart strategic move for UC to team up with an experienced firm that has a track record with the Energy Department to handle the areas it had difficulty running. But then the university will need good strategies and more to keep the contract, which will increase to $60 million a year, eight times what the university is paid now. Two other teams have formed to bid on the operation of the lab, one headed by Northrop Grumman and the other lead by Lockheed Martin. The University of Texas, which had previously decided not to bid on the lab, has joined the Lockheed team. In addition, C. Paul Robinson, a veteran weapons lab director, has signed on with Lockheed. Robinson has worked as a weapons manager at Las Alamos, as an arms-control negotiator and as director of Sandia National Laboratories for 12 years. All three teams seem to grasp the concept evident in the request for bids, released Thursday, which put a premium on a business approach that included private-sector executives. Lawmakers believe the increased competition will result in the best contract. "I have always supported competition to ensure the best possible leadership at our nation's nuclear labs, the pursuit of great science," said U.S. Rep. Ellen Tauscher, D-Alamo, who also believes a public-private partnership is the best arrangement. Political connections will be key as the competition heats up. Tauscher as well as both U.S. senators from New Mexico praised the UC-Bechtel team. However, with the University of Texas joining the Lockheed bid, the influence of President Bush and his family is likely to come into play. With such a prestigious and lucrative prize at stake, the jockeying is sure to be frenzied and occurring on several levels. Both the University of California and the Lockheed teams, headed by experienced weapons lab directors, are strong contenders. Of course, we're rooting for the home team, the University of California. As a weapons expert from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology said, "We won't really know until we see the outcome. But it sure will be fun to watch." ***************************************************************** 40 Times-News: Idaho nuclear watchdogs wary of uranium consolidation www.magicvalley.com The Times-News | AG Weekly | Twin Falls, Idaho Originally published Saturday, May 21, 2005 By Christopher Smith Associated Press writer BOISE -- With the Idaho National Laboratory scheduled to dispose of the last enriched uranium stored at the sprawling desert complex by this summer, a nuclear watchdog group is criticizing prospects the site could become a repository for more bomb-grade material from other federal labs. "One moment the Department of Energy is praising efforts to take special nuclear materials out of the state and that they've made the site safer," said Jeremy Maxand, director of the Snake River Alliance in Boise. "Then, in the same breath they say they are studying shipping these materials back into the state and sticking them back on the site." An advisory task force to Energy Secretary Samuel Bodman is scheduled to complete a report next month evaluating the potential cost savings and security enhancements from consolidating the nation's stockpiles of highly enriched uranium and plutonium. Hundreds of tons of nuclear material no longer needed for weapons manufacturing and destined for disposal to support international nonproliferation agreements are stored at more than a dozen federal labs and installations around the country, where scientists use small amounts for research. Officials say reducing the number of places where the material is stored until it is converted or "downblended" into less dangerous forms may reduce the likelihood of a potential attack by terrorists seeking to detonate an improvised nuclear bomb at a site. Linton Brooks, administrator of the federal agency that oversees America's nuclear bomb stockpile, recently told Congress the Bush administration is evaluating any legal barriers and construction requirements to using two buildings on the 890-square-mile INL complex in eastern Idaho for interim storage of bomb-grade uranium relocated from other installations. "These facilities may offer exceptional opportunity to consolidate materials and components in a location with robust security features in place," Brooks, head of the National Nuclear Security Administration, told a House Energy and Commerce Committee hearing on nuclear site safety in March. One of the structures is Building 691, a $450 million facility that has three levels of underground cells that were created to hold reprocessed spent nuclear fuel. Construction was halted on the building in 1992 when the U.S. decided to cease reprocessing. The building was locked and never used. An analysis by the Energy Department's Office of Security and Safety Performance found Building 691 could hold 130 metric tons of plutonium or 260 metric tons of enriched uranium. To convert the structure into a repository for bomb-grade uranium, the security office estimated construction improvements of $100 million to $200 million would be needed. The other Idaho facility being evaluated for potential storage is Building 651, an older vault surrounded by reinforced concrete that has been used to house enriched uranium fuel for nuclear reactors. The remaining material stored in that bunker is expected to be disposed of by this summer, said Brad Bugger, a spokesman for the Idaho office of the Energy Department. Highly enriched uranium was generated at the Idaho site during programs to reprocess spent nuclear fuel that ceased in 1992. More than 2.4 million tons of the bomb-grade material from the Idaho complex has been packaged and shipped to Energy Department sites in South Carolina and Tennessee for conversion into commercial nuclear reactor fuel to generate electricity. Maxand said the Idaho site should not be rewarded with new shipments of weapons-grade nuclear material after "de-inventorying" its stockpile ahead of schedule. "There is no good place to put something like this," he said. "Idaho has a very strong track record of opposing any project that relates to nuclear weapons and this is one of those projects." A spokesman for the National Nuclear Security Administration said any decision whether to relocate enriched uranium or plutonium stockpiles to Idaho or any other Energy Department site won't be made until Bodman reviews the recommendations of the advisory board. Spokesman Anson Franklin said much of the board's report will likely be classified and not released to the public. A Washington, D.C.-based activist group has released its own analysis of consolidating nuclear bomb materials. It also promotes the two INL buildings as leading candidates to become repositories for some of the enriched uranium and plutonium surplus because of their inherent security features. "Idaho has these great facilities that are perfect for this, but the irony was that until DOE realized what they had, those buildings were scheduled to be demolished," said Danielle Brian, executive director of the Project on Government Oversight. Copyright © 2005, Lee Publications Inc. Magicvalley.com is an on-line division of The Times-News, published daily at 132 W. Fairfield St., Twin Falls, Idaho 83301 by Lee Publications, Inc., a subsidiary of Lee Enterprises. ***************************************************************** NOTE: In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107 this material is distributed without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving this information for non-profit research and educational purposes only. For more information go to: *****************************************************************