***************************************************************** 03/27/05 **** RADIATION BULLETIN(RADBULL) **** VOL 13.69 ***************************************************************** RADBULL IS PRODUCED BY THE ABALONE ALLIANCE CLEARINGHOUSE ***************************************************************** Send News Stories to news@energy-net.org with title on subject line and first line of body NUCLEAR POLICY 1 US: Public Citizen: Energy Corporations With Record of Cheating NUCLEAR REACTORS 2 ArabicNews.com: Iran hopes to build more nuclear power plants; US hi 3 Daily Yomiuri: KEPCO resignations too little, too late to restore pu 4 US: BBC ON THIS DAY | 28 | 1979: Nuclear leak causes alarm in Americ 5 US: Pittsburgh Post-Gazette: Nuclear agency rejects license extensio 6 Sunday Herald: Lights out for a new nuclear age in Scotland - 7 US: Guardian Unlimited: U. of Fla. to Replace Uranium in Reactor 8 CBC News: Alberta town uncertain about Chernobyl exchange 9 US: Cincinnati Enquirer: 2 Fernald silos to be razed 10 Japan Times: Kepco chief to exit over steam deaths 11 Sunday Times: Ministers signal U-turn on Scottish nuclear plants - 12 Independent: Secret DTI team gives green light for 10 new nuclear pl NUCLEAR SECURITY 13 Guardian Unlimited North Korea: Drills Delay Nuclear Talks 14 PTI: 'Iran N-Programme was recommended by former US President' 15 US: heraldtribune.com: Florida will replace weapons-grade uranium fr 16 SANA: US allows Pak to go nuclear: report 17 SANA: Illegal Nuclear Deals Alleged 18 Xinhua: Iran warns against WMD proliferation 19 Xinhua: Iran refutes US official's allegation on NPT 20 CBS News: Loose Ends In Iraq Weapons Hunt 21 The Times of India: Pakistan gets IAEA request for N-parts- 22 US: AP Wire: Fuel from nuclear warheads causes concern over transpor NUCLEAR SAFETY 23 US: [DU-WATCH] Fayetteville diary - a veteran confronts charges 24 US: [DU-WATCH] Fw: Details on Depleted Uranium 25 US: BBC: 'Nuclear particle' find on beach 26 Al Jazeera: Workers at the Dimona reactor suffering from cancer - 27 US: Paducah Sun: Cancer victim finally nears settlement in plant exp 28 US: New River Valley Current: Rats get uranium in study of veterans' 29 US: Documentary POISON DUST: A new look at U.S. radioactive weapons 30 US: Lexington Herald-Leader: Worker's radiation case finally nears s NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE 31 Sunday Herald: Dounreay waste spreads further afield - 32 US: Rocky Mountain News: Interest revives in Colorado uranium 33 US: Salt Lake Tribune: Establish priorities 34 Salt Lake Tribune: Requiem for Yucca Mountain 35 US: Bradenton Herald: Tallevast cleanup ideas sought 36 US: Craig Daily Press: Opposition group softens stance PEACE US DEPT. OF ENERGY 37 Tri-City Herald: High-powered collection 38 SF Chronicle: UC Berkeley joins with New Mexico schools on lab bid ***************************************************************** ***************************************************************** FULL NEWS STORIES ***************************************************************** ***************************************************************** 1 Public Citizen: Energy Corporations With Record of Cheating Consumers Form New Lobbying Group to Influence Energy Policy March 25, 2005 Four of the Six Corporations Have Paid Nearly $1 Billion to Settle Allegations of Market Manipulation WASHINGTON, D.C.  A lobbying group formed by six energy companies is lobbying the federal government in an effort to convince lawmakers and regulators that deregulation is good for consumers, despite the fact that these companies have paid nearly $1 billion over the past three years to settle allegations of Enron-style market manipulation for acts they were able to more easily commit because of deregulation. One company is under criminal indictment for its role in intentionally shutting down power plants in California  also an act it was able to commit more easily because of deregulation. With the energy bill due to be introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives on April 5, this group is likely working behind the scenes to convince Congress that electricity deregulation is a benefit for the public. Instead, recent history proves just the opposite: Deregulation has led to price-gouging of consumers and Californias brush with bankruptcy, while the energy marketers have been raking in higher profits. It is disingenuous for this lobby group to push deregulation policies that they claim are good for consumers when history shows that their own companies used these very policies to profit from the biggest consumer rip-off in history, said Joan Claybrook, president of Public Citizen. The last people Congress should listen to for advice on energy policy are the companies that have succeeded in gouging ratepayers in some of the biggest corporate scandals weve seen in the past century. Among other provisions in the energy bill that the group is likely targeting is the repeal of the Public Utility Holding Company Act (PUHCA), a consumer protection law that limits the investment of utility profits in unrelated business ventures and prohibits expansion-minded corporations from siphoning off profits for risky investment schemes that do nothing to improve service reliability or keep electricity rates low. PUHCA is the key reason America has such stable and reliable utility companies. Corporate opponents of PUHCA claim it stands in the way of a deregulated electricity market, but deregulation has been a demonstrated failure, with prices for this essential commodity rising faster in the 15 deregulated states than in the 35 states that remain regulated. Thats because companies in deregulated markets can  and do  charge much higher prices than companies in regulated states.  While proponents of deregulation were once common, they now are largely limited to those corporations profiting from underregulated energy markets and the politicians receiving generous financial support from these companies. Consumer groups such as Public Citizen have long said that the economic characteristics unique to electricity  such as inelastic supply and demand  preclude effective competition from occurring, making it easy for a handful of unregulated energy companies to control the market and gouge consumers. The companiesCalpine, Constellation Energy, Exelon, Mirant, PSEG and Reliant Energyhave hired a bi-partisan group of six lobbyists that includes recently retired powerful government officials who will do the bulk of the organizing for the new coalition: + William Massey, Democrat, commissioner for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission from 1993-2004 and now a lobbyist with Covington & Burling. + Don Nickles, a former GOP senator from Oklahoma and Senate majority whip, now the founding partner of the lobbying firm the Nickles Group. + Robert S. Walker, former Pennsylvania GOP representative from 1976 to 1996 and a founder of the lobbying firm Wexler & Walker. + Jack Howard, former deputy assistant for legislative affairs to President George W. Bush and a former senior aide to House Speakers Dennis Hastert, Newt Gingrich and former Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott. Howard now is president of the Wexler & Walker lobbying firm. + Hazen Marshall, former top aide to Don Nickles, now a lobbyist with the Nickles Group. + Joel Malina, Democrat, a lobbyist with Wexler & Walker. This is a classic revolving door scenario in Washington, D.C., said Tyson Slocum, research director of Public Citizens energy program. These lobbyists are exploiting the government connections theyve earned while on the public payroll. They are also helped by the nearly $4.6 million in contributions they and their companies political action committees have given to federal political candidates over the years. As veterans of past deregulation fiascos, these companies already have paid nearly $1 billion to settle allegations of market manipulation. Houston-based Reliant Energy has paid nearly $125 million to federal and state governments for its role in intentionally shutting down power plants in California to drive up prices, which gave them bigger profits. The company also has been criminally indicted by the Bush administration for its price-gouging. Atlanta-based Mirant has agreed to pay $780 million to settle allegations of market manipulation. California-based Calpine also agreed to pay $7.5 million to settle allegations that it manipulated natural gas and power markets. And Baltimore-based Constellation Energy paid the California Attorney Generals office $2.5 million to settle allegations that it manipulated that states electricity market. All of the actions that led to the payments were committed in deregulated markets. Public Citizen urges Congress to see through this lobbying groups thinly veiled disguise, said Slocum.   These companies have promised consumers lower prices and better service before but then participated in the largest consumer fraud in history. Congress should realize that their claims to represent consumers best interests are a sham. To view a chart detailing the companies campaign contributions to federal candidates since 2001, click here. ### ***************************************************************** 2 ArabicNews.com: Iran hopes to build more nuclear power plants; US hints Iran is now contained Iran-Russia, Politics, 3/26/2005 Iran hopes to build more nuclear power plants for electricity needs said Iran's Foreign Minister Kamal Kharrazi on Friday, IRNA reported. Kharrazi urged the European parties in the ongoing negotiations "to prove their seriousness in the talks so as to reach concrete results for extension of the objective guarantees," IRNA said. IRNA added "Appreciating Iranian and non-Iranian technicians as well as the management of the project for Bushehr nuclear power plant, Kharrazi said that would be the first step to use nuclear energy for meeting domestic electricity shortage... the power plant would raise the Islamic Republic's technical and technological potential to benefit from the nuclear energy for peaceful purposes." Kharrazi expressed hope that the Russian side would commission and deliver the plant based on the schedule to which it is committed, and that "could pave the way for further expansion of mutual cooperation in construction of more powerplants," IRNA reported. US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice during a March 24 interview with the Los Angeles Times was asked: Question: Madame Secretary, on Iran, the Europeans are arguing essentially that time is now on our side, that with the agreement for a freeze and with the IAEA monitoring the freeze, it's the Iranians who are in a hurry to get a deal and that they are effectively contained.Ê Do you accept that, and does that mean that we do have time to negotiate onward? Rice:Ê "Well, it's always better to resolve these things as soon as you can, not later, because Iran is a very closed society, at least from the perspective -- this perspective, that it's not Iraq.Ê It has people going back and forth.Ê It was a dissident group that exposed Natanz and so you have some sources of information but they are by no means perfect and so you want as soon as possible to get a handle on the Iranian program. "I do think that we made a lot of progress over the last several weeks in that we found that when I was in Europe the first time and the President was in Europe that somehow the conversation had shifted to what the United States was going to do rather than to what the Iranians were going to do, and this is now clearly back on the ground that the Iranians have certain obligations to meet, that there is a unified view of what those obligations are, that there is a unified approach to those, to getting the Iranians to live up to those obligations. And so we're certainly in better shape than we were several weeks ago, but I would hope that the Iranians would want to demonstrate sooner rather than later that they really do now intend to live up to those obligations because a lot is riding on it." Question:Ê To go back to Sonni's question though, are you comfortable that the current freeze amounts to containment of the Iranian program? Rice:Ê"I do not think you can ever be certain of any such thing.Ê It is better than nothing to have a freeze, obviously.Ê But the real goal here has to be that the Iranians make a choice that they are going to engage -- that they are not going to engage in activities that heighten suspicion that they're trying to get a nuclear weapon under cover of civilian nuclear program.Ê And there are some very clear steps they could take to do that and they have to be steps that are not easily reversible. And so this is where we are and, as I said, it's a better place than we were a little while ago.Ê But that's because the world is unified.Ê I even thought that -- and we said this -- that the Russian agreement with the Iranians, while we don't understand why the Iranians would want civilian nuclear power at all given their tremendous energy reserves, but at least the Russian agreement also speaks to the question of proliferation risk in terms of fuel take-backs and provision of fuel rather than allowing the Iranians to reprocess." Today IRNA reported that President Mohammad Khatami today " urged all governments and nations to oppose production and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Addressing the first International Congress on Bioethics, he stressed that opposing proliferation of weapons of mass destruction by those who produce such kinds of armaments, covertly or overtly, has no ethical value." Copyright © 1995-2003 Arabic News.com, All Rights Reserved. ***************************************************************** 3 Daily Yomiuri: KEPCO resignations too little, too late to restore public trust The Yomiuri Shimbun Strong public criticism of Kansai Electric Power Co. apparently lies behind the resignations of two senior executives Friday to take responsibility for a fatal steam blowout last summer at a nuclear power plant that killed 4 people and injured 7. But the long delay in offering a sop to public opinion indicates the company still has a long way to go to fully regain public trust. The resignations of President Yosaku Fuji and Chairman Yoshihisa Akiyama came more than seven months after the incident at the No. 3 reactor of Mihama Nuclear Power Plant in Mihamacho, Fukui Prefecture. The fatal steam blowout occurred as a result of the wall of a steam pipe becoming eroded to below government standards. An Economy, Trade and Industry Ministry investigation team said KEPCO's corporate morals were underdeveloped in recognizing the importance of maintaining safety standards. The reason KEPCO took so long to offer up two executives to placate public wrath was that the firm's management insisted on viewing the fatal incident as an unavoidable labor accident. And as such, there was no need for the company's top brass to resign to accept responsibility--even though they were ultimately responsible for the incident, a KEPCO board member said. The METI investigation team, from the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, succeeded in shedding some light on the shortfalls in KEPCO's management system this month. The investigation revealed that the company had failed to inspect parts of the plant at Mihama Nuclear Power Plant other than the damaged section of the No. 3 reactor, even though it knew the wall of at least one pipe had been eroded to below government safety standards. The slow reaction by KEPCO management in demonstrating its commitment to prevent similar incidents, prompted the investigation team to release a final report which in which it attacked KEPCO's mind-set of placing emphasis on efficiency rather than safety. Economy, Trade and Industry Minister Shoichi Nakagawa has repeatedly condemned KEPCO saying the incident was a result of human error. Minshuto (Democratic Party of Japan) is gearing up to mount yet another attack on KEPCO and the responsibility it bears at the House of Representatives' Trade and Industry Committee. "Given the bitter public sentiment, they (KEPCO executives) finally found it impossible to evade responsibility," an official in the power industry said. METI, which administers the nuclear power industry, welcomed Fuji's decision to resign to accept responsibility for the fatality. "They presented a good example to other companies, which should raise awareness of compliance (with safety standards) and having a sense of mission in the industry," a senior official of the Natural Resources and Energy Agency said. But it remains unclear how far the resignations have gone in restoring public faith in nuclear power. The government and utility companies have long said that high safety standards and the understanding of local residents were essential in promoting nuclear energy. However, Tokyo Electric Power Co. was found to have fabricated inspection records at one of its nuclear power plants in August 2002. Public distrust of the government's nuclear power policy reached a peak after the accident at the Mihama Nuclear Power Plant. Fuji's decision to step down shows that nuclear safety is not simply a slogan, but an issue that could change corporate management. But some METI officials are not quite convinced given that Akiyama, who is in charge of personnel management at KEPCO, is to remain in his post for another year. Copyright 2005 The Yomiuri Shimbun ***************************************************************** 4 BBC ON THIS DAY | 28 | 1979: Nuclear leak causes alarm in America 1979: Nuclear leak causes alarm in America Radioactive steam has leaked into the atmosphere in Pennsylvania, USA. The accident happened when a water pump broke down at the Three Mile Island nuclear plant, 10 miles (16km) south-east of the state capital Harrisburg. There are fears some of the plant's 500 workers have been contaminated. The authorities have declared a "general emergency" but did not inform the public until five hours after the gas escaped at 0400 local time. There's a hell of a lot of radiation Joe Fouchard, USNRC spokesman Director of the County Civil Defence Organisation (CCDO) Les Jackson said they had drawn up an evacuation plan, but nearby residents have not been moved yet. He described the scene at the large power station in the Susquehanna River as "a madhouse". Spokesman for the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) Joe Fouchard said: "There's a hell of a lot of radiation in the reactor building." A spokesman for Metropolitan Edison - one of the companies that runs Three Mile Island - said the nuclear reactor automatically shut down after the malfunction, but not before the leak. According to a US Government report radiation has been detected a mile away, but the calm weather has helped contain the spread of the noxious fumes. One of the nuclear engineer at the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, William Dornsife, said: "There was very little wind this morning, so the radioactivity shouldn't have gone very far." "What small release there was will be confined to the local vicinity," he continued. The emergency status will remain until there has been a thorough investigation by teams in anti-radiation suits. The nuclear industry has been under increasing scrutiny in the US recently. Five plants were closed down there just two weeks ago over fears of the effects of earthquakes on cooling towers. Watch/Listen [Photo of Three Mile Island nuclear plant] Radioactive gas escaped despite the automatic shut down of the reactor Martin Bell: "In Congress and out of it the nuclear debate is no new phenomenon" In Context Concern mounted in the days following the accident as investigations showed serious damage to the nuclear fuel rods, which threatened melt-down of the plant. The authorities recommended pregnant women and children under school age living within five miles of the site should be evacuated. And Pennsylvania Governor Dick Thornburgh gave a warning that the four counties surrounding Three-Mile Island might have to be cleared of people too. The accident was caused by a combination of human error and equipment failure and the plant was partially shut down. Three Mile Island remains the largest nuclear incident in US history. It has attracted enormous public attention, although nobody died as a direct result of the accident and subsequent radioactive fall-out. Research released in 2002 showed incidences of cancer in the area were not significantly higher than elsewhere. ***************************************************************** 5 Pittsburgh Post-Gazette: Nuclear agency rejects license extension FirstEnergy plans 'minor revisions' to its application Saturday, March 26, 2005 By Jim McKay, The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has returned as incomplete and unacceptable FirstEnergy Corp.'s 1,500-page application to extend by 20 years the operating licenses of its twin-unit Beaver Valley Nuclear Power Station in Shippingport. M. Scott Shields, a spokesman for FirstEnergy, yesterday said the Akron, Ohio-based company would make "minor revisions" to the application once it finds a new vendor to do the work and will resubmit it to the NRC in the summer. Shields said the situation is not urgent since the current license for Beaver Valley Unit 1, granted in 1976, does not expire until 2016. The license for Unit 2, first granted in 1987, does not expire until 2027. The license application to extend the plant's operating life by two decades until 2036 and 2047 was submitted in February. It took FirstEnergy more than three years to prepare and includes engineering reviews of plant equipment, components, structures and programs. But the NRC said the application did not meet its "very high quality standards" and that it needed more accurate and up-to-date information on the plant if it is to ensure the public's health and safety. A decision from the NRC is expected in 2007. "Given the gaps in the current application, we simply could not properly review FirstEnergy's request," said David Matthews, director of the Division of Regulatory Improvement Programs in the NRC's Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation. The NRC also is evaluating whether to grant FirstEnergy permission to increase the generating capacity of the two units by approximately 8 percent, raising the output by about 140 megawatts. One megawatt can provide power for about 500 residential customers. The NRC staff is scheduled to meet with representatives of FirstEnergy Nuclear Operating Company on Wednesday to discuss the agency's annual assessment of the plant's safety performance. The review will look at the plant's performance from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 2004. Overall, the agency said in a notice that the plant operated safely last year. The meeting, which will be open to the public, is scheduled to begin at 1 p.m. in Room 103 of the plant's Training Building, located on Shippingport Road. The NRC said its staff would be available to answer questions from the public before the session ends. The facility employs about 1,100, Shields said. (Jim McKay can be reached at or 412-263-1322.) Copyright ©1997-2005 PG Publishing Co., Inc. All Rights ***************************************************************** 6 Sunday Herald: Lights out for a new nuclear age in Scotland - By Iain Macwhirter, Holyrood Commentary New nuclear power plant needed to keep lights on, say MPs so read one of many headlines last week reporting the Scottish Affairs Select Committee report on power generation. Only the report didnt actually say that. Its recommendations specifically avoided proposing any new nuclear plants to replace Torness and Hunterston B, due to close in the next decade or so. In fact, it said any new plant would be rejected by the Scottish Executive. You had to look pretty hard to find any references to nuclear power at all in this report. But the hidden hand of industry lobbying managed to make this rather confused and anodyne publication sound like a dire warning that renewable energy wind and wave power, etc is for the birds. That if we want to save the planet, we need to return to atomic power quick. It was duly reported by the media that nuclear was back on the agenda. There is a fast-breeder quality to pro-nuclear propaganda. It seems to be generated spontaneously, as if from nowhere, based on no new material. The only change in the debate about nuclear energy is that there is no change. The economics of nuclear power still dont stack up. There is still nowhere to put the waste; the existing plants continue to contaminate the environment; there are major unresolved safety problems; and the nuclear industry represents a major security threat in the age of international terrorism. Oh, and the Scottish parliament will still reject any application for a new power plant on planning grounds. However, there is a widely held perception indeed, a certainty among many Labour politicians that nuclear is inevitable. After the general election, were told, a new generation of nuclear power stations will happen. The unions want it, the party wants it and the environment demands it. With the reality of global warming now beyond reasonable doubt, were told, nuclear is the only way to avert climatic catastrophe. The environmentalists are just going to have to lump it. Well, maybe. It would be irrational to reject nuclear power generation out of hand as a replacement for burning fossil fuels. However, there are cheaper alternatives, including insulation and renewable energy, like wind and wave power, which should surely be examined first in any audit of energy supply as indeed the select committee says. Scotland has 25% of Europes renewable energy. There may be doubts about whether this can generate 40% of our supply by 2020. But that is only if you accept that demand continues to increase without limit. Insulation programmes could reduce massively the amount of energy we consume. Anyway, when it comes to expense, nuclear power is way off the scale. The new nuclear decommissioning agency, which is being set up this week to clear up the mess left by the last generation of nuclear power stations, is going to have to find some £50 billion to do the job. That is a lot of money, and it wont be the energy companies that pay. The truth is that nuclear power is a ruinously expensive way of generating energy. Left to the market, there would never again be another nuclear power station, because no private operator could cope with the cost of decommissioning. The civil nuclear generation industry would never have been developed in the first place had it not been for massive state subsidies during the cold war largely because the military needed plutonium for nuclear weapons. Plutonium is the most toxic material known a quantity the size of a grapefruit would be enough to kill every man, woman and child on Earth. Plutonium doesnt exist in the natural world and is created only through nuclear fission. And everyone wants some of it the Israelis already have it, as do the North Koreans. This is why we are currently trying to stop Iran developing its civil nuclear power programme because the mad mullahs might use some of the fissile material for bombs. It is morally inconsistent for countries like Britain to be ordering countries in the Middle East to close down their reactors when we are planning to open up more of them. But thats only part of the problem. In an age of international terrorism, rogue states and Islamic jihad, nuclear power is a liability. Torness nuclear power station, sitting on the coast at East Lothian, is a prime target for an al-Qaeda plane bomb. It could irradiate much of the central belt of Scotland. Alarmist? Of course. But when were told that there are literally hundreds of terrorists in Britain already plotting an atrocity, you have to ask where they are likely to get the biggest bang for their terrorist buck. Its not just the power plants that are vulnerable. The big problem with nuclear power is the lack of any deep storage solution. The stuff has to be stored in tanks on the ground or moved around the country by train to plants like Drigg in Cumberland. More targets. More contamination. And, of course, the one certainty of nuclear power is that contamination will happen. It will get out. It always does. We were told by the men in white coats that nuclear power was fail-safe. But the history of the Dounreay plant has been one long broken promise. There have been explosions, leaks, accidents, mislaid isotopes you name it over the past 40 years. Countless radioactive particles have been spread around the beaches and rocks of Caithness, rendering some of the most beautiful stretches of coastline uninhabitable for anyone without a protective suit. It is the same at Sellafield and round all nuclear stations. You dont need a Three Mile Island or a Chernobyl disaster it is happening insidiously all the time. So couldnt we just dump the stuff in space? Well, in theory yes but you would have to make awfully sure that it didnt fall back to Earth. There is enough of it loose already. Committees have been looking at underground storage for 30 years, but nobody has found anywhere geologically stable enough. The truth is that the only safe place to store nuclear waste would be under the houses of parliament, because only then could you be absolutely sure that it would be looked after properly. But people in supposedly remote areas like Scotland arent going to be fooled again, which is one reason that the next generation of nuclear power stations is unlikely to be built here. The political opposition would be considerable. Yes, there are those, like Lord Sewel (of the motions) who argue that since nuclear power is a Westminster responsibility, the Scottish parliament would just have to thole it. But the key is not the plant, but the waste. Waste is a planning issue, and given the lack of any secure means of storage, planning consent will assuredly be refused. So, forecasts of a new nuclear future for Scotland are premature. But that wont prevent wishful thinking on the part of MPs with nuclear constituencies. Nor will it prevent the nuclear lobby a group with considerable influence in Number 10 from pressing its case. If Tony Blair is back after the election with a three-figure majority, and he decides Britain needs new nuclear power stations as a mark of national virility, that would be a different matter. Forget the economics; forget the science. What Tony wants, Tony tends to get. 27 March 2005 © newsquest (sunday herald) limited. all rights reserved ***************************************************************** 7 Guardian Unlimited: U. of Fla. to Replace Uranium in Reactor From the Associated Press [UP] Sunday March 27, 2005 5:31 AM GAINESVILLE, Fla. (AP) - Weapons-grade uranium used as fuel in a research reactor at the University of Florida will be replaced with a safer alternative, officials said. The switch will reduce the likelihood that the fuel could be used to make weapons, said Bill Vernetson, the school's director of nuclear facilities. Under a federally funded conversion program, the U.S. Department of Energy will replace the highly enriched uranium in the university's training reactor with a low enriched fuel. The process is expected to take 15 to 18 months, university officials said. The Nuclear Sciences Center reactor, built in 1959, contains less than 11 pounds of uranium. It is used to train students in a variety of fields, from geology to medicine. Uranium that has been highly enriched with a fissionable isotope is a key component of nuclear weapons. Energy experts say as little as 25 kilograms, or about 55 pounds, can produce a bomb. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 8 CBC News: Alberta town uncertain about Chernobyl exchange Last Updated Sun, 27 Mar 2005 23:46:34 EST CBC News HINTON, ALTA. - People in the town of Hinton will play host again this year to children living with the aftermath of the Chernobyl disaster. But organizers of the program are concerned about how much longer it can carry on. The president of Belarus has recently said he is not in favour of these kinds of programs because children are exposed to western ideals and consumerism. There are concerns he may decide to prevent children from leaving the country in the future. Large areas of Belarus, Ukraine, Russia and beyond were contaminated in varying degrees when the nuclear reactor in Chernobyl, Ukraine exploded in 1986. The disaster spewed tonnes of radioactive material into the air. Every summer when the radiation level is highest, 3,000 children in the affected areas travel abroad to 22 countries. Many are from Belarus, which had a rain of radioactive waste pour down on two million people, a quarter of them children. The nuclear complex was only 20 kilometres south of Ukraine's border with Belarus. Living among the waste leads to many health problems. The children have a much higher risk of thyroid cancer, leukemia and immune system problems. Barbara Madsen, who has hosted children from the Chernobyl area almost every summer in Hinton for the past 10 years, says she hopes the program can continue. "The main idea behind our program is to give the children a respite from their radioactive environment," she says. She says 13 children and one interpreter will be coming to the Alberta town from the Gomel region of Belarus for an eight-week visit, starting in July. Copyright © CBC 2005 ***************************************************************** 9 Cincinnati Enquirer: 2 Fernald silos to be razed Sunday, March 27, 2005 Waste in holding tanks, but destination unclear By Dan Klepal Enquirer staff writer The earthen berm, which shored up the Fernald silo walls, has been removed as cleanup continues. The Enquirer/Michael E. Keating CROSBY TWP. - Two of the most visible symbols of the environmental and human health threats posed by the Cold War-era Fernald uranium plant will soon be reduced to rubble. But that doesn't mean the threat is gone. The government contractors in charge of the $4.4 billion environmental cleanup at the 1,000-acre site have emptied two concrete silos that have held the most dangerous nuclear waste at the plant since the early 1950s. They've moved that waste - a sandy, radioactive byproduct left behind after raw ore was stripped of most of its uranium in a variety of acid baths - into four metal holding tanks so crews can begin digging out the silos and cutting them down with shears in the next few weeks. Already most of the dirt that enveloped the sides of the silos, protecting against tornados since the mid-1960s, has been carved away. Those two silos should be razed in about five weeks. A third silo, which holds a less-radioactive powdery material, won't be torn down until the fall. Even though the sandy waste is still at Fernald, citizens say razing the silos is a huge step - both in terms of physically being one step closer to finishing the cleanup, and psychologically making the community feel safer. "The tearing down of the silos is monumental," said Jim Bierer, chairman of the Fernald Citizen's Advisory Committee. The committee has monitored the cleanup from the beginning. "It proves to the community that the Department of Energy is cleaning up the site, and that there's a clear path ahead. "We're feeling so much more comfortable about the whole thing, the technology has been working, the material is out of silos, and the silos are now being torn down. It just takes a weight off your shoulders." That weight won't be completely lifted, however, until the Department of Energy finds a final resting place for the material, now held in four 750,000-gallon temporary holding tanks. The tanks are housed in a reinforced concrete building near the silos. DOE officials are negotiating with a company in Andrews, Texas, to store the waste there for about two years while it seeks a permit to permanently bury the material there. That company, Waste Control Specialists, predicts the Texas Board of Health will decide by October on permanently storing the waste. Dennis Carr, project manager for the silos, said despite harsh criticism over safety procedures at the silos - from the Nuclear Defense Facilities Safety Board and local citizens - there have been no accidents, no exposures to radiation and no injuries on the $400 million project. Carr also said many of the people working on the silos project have worked at Fernald since the 1980s, when the plant was still producing uranium. "We've been on this site an average of more than 20 years," he said. "To all of us, this is the representation that the project is near over. There's a real sense of accomplishment because we knew this would be the hardest job since Day 1." There's still a lot of work to do. The waste still has to be mixed with cement and fly ash, placed in huge concrete shipping crates and trucked away. That last part is most important to Lisa Crawford, a member of the citizens' committee and a long-time observer and critic of the cleanup. "The bottom line is once it leaves here it can't come back" under rules that govern the cleanup, Crawford said. "It's good that the silos are coming down and the waste is out of (two) of them, because their integrity has been questioned for years. But my fear is that this stuff is now going to stay in the temporary tanks for 50 years, like they stayed in the silos for 50 years." If officials in Texas reject the waste, it will leave the federal government with only one option - the Nevada Test Site near Las Vegas. That option is less than appealing because state officials there have threatened a lawsuit to stop the shipments and keep the Fernald waste out of the desert. While Department of Justice lawyers say disposal of the material in Nevada is legal, a battle over the issue would make it impossible for the contractor to finish its work by the June 2006 deadline. Citizens and crews working on the silos have become accustomed to setbacks. Two previous attempts to clean up the silos were abandoned - after spending more than $69 million in taxpayer money - because they were deemed not technically feasible or because the contractor gave up before finishing the work. Those failures led to the current plan of encasing the waste in concrete. A previous plan envisioned turning the waste into glass. "The community has always seen the silos waste as the worst thing on the site," Crawford said. "This stuff has to go." E-mail dklepal@enquirer.com Copyright1995-2005. The Cincinnati Enquirer, a Gannett Co. ***************************************************************** 10 Japan Times: Kepco chief to exit over steam deaths Saturday, March 26, 2005 OSAKA (Kyodo) Yosaku Fuji, president of Kansai Electric Power Co., said Friday he will step down in June to take responsibility for last year's fatal steam accident at one of its nuclear power plants. Fuji, 67, will also step down as chairman of the Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan by June but will stay on the board of Kepco. Vice President Shosuke Mori, 64, will succeed Fuji as president of Japan's second-largest electric utility. He joined the company in 1963 and has held his current post since June 2001. The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry's investigative commission is looking into the Aug. 9, 2004, rupture of a reactor-cooling system pipe at Kepco's Mihama nuclear power plant in Fukui Prefecture. In the accident, high temperature steam erupted from the pipe, killing five inspection workers and injuring six others. The ministry commission is expected to say in its final report due out at the end of the month that Kepco should be held accountable for the incident at the plant. Fuji has decided to step down just as Kepco has mapped out, at his initiative, a package of measures aimed at preventing similar accidents. The pipe that burst had not been inspected since the reactor started operations in the mid-1970s. The Japan Times: March 26, 2005 (C) All rights reserved ***************************************************************** 11 Sunday Times: Ministers signal U-turn on Scottish nuclear plants - thetimes.co.uk The Sunday Times - Scotland March 27, 2005 Jason Allardyce MINISTERS are preparing to abandon their opposition to new nuclear power stations in Scotland and allow the construction of the country’s first plant in nearly 20 years. There is strong support within Jack McConnell’s administration for a new generation of atomic facilities, despite resistance from their Liberal Democrat coalition partners. Senior Labour sources have signalled a U-turn after a warning from the Commons Scottish affairs committee that a new nuclear plant may be needed in Scotland to “stop the lights going out”. Despite the threat of huge public opposition, the committee urged the UK government not to rule out nuclear power in its assessment of Scotland’s future energy needs. It said that the nuclear industry has “a proven track record, and a new power station could take less than five years to complete”. The committee added that it would be unwise to depend on renewable energy sources such as wind and wave power. While the UK government is responsible for nuclear policy and is expected to raise the prospect of new reactors in a white paper shortly after the expected general election, the Scottish executive has the power to veto planning applications. The partnership agreement struck in 2003 by the first minister and Jim Wallace, leader of the Scottish Lib Dems, rules out any new nuclear plants until the issue of disposal of radioactive waste is resolved. However, the agreement will expire in two years’ time and pro-nuclear Labour ministers expect the other hurdle to be cleared next year when an independent expert group will report to the UK government on disposal options. Several ministers, including Andy Kerr, McConnell’s closest political ally, and Allan Wilson, the deputy enterprise minister, are said to support the case for a new generation of nuclear power plants in Scotland. There is also strong backing among Labour policy advisers responsible for drawing up the party’s next Scottish parliament manifesto. A source close to McConnell confirmed that, unlike the Lib Dems, he does not oppose new nuclear power stations in principle. “It’s not something that’s ruled out for ever, otherwise that is what we would have said in the partnership agreement,” he said. Scotland’s nuclear plants currently generate up to 50% of the country’s energy needs but are nearing the end of their lives. , The Times and The Sunday Times. ***************************************************************** 12 Independent: Secret DTI team gives green light for 10 new nuclear plants www.independent.co.uk By Clayton Hirst 27 March 2005 A secret team within the Department of Trade and Industry is preparing the case for a programme to build nuclear power stations after the general election. The small group of senior officials, known as Future for Nuclear, has for the past few months examined whether it is economically viable to build new nuclear reactors. A senior Whitehall source with connections to the group said that it had now, in effect, made that case for up to 10 new reactors. The DTI has maintained that it has no plans to allow the construction of new nuclear power stations because it wants to give renewable forms of energy a head start. The pressure for a nuclear building programme is not coming from the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, Patricia Hewitt, who remains sceptical about nuclear power. Instead, the drive is from the Prime Minister, who is worried that without new nuclear plants, Britain will miss its target of a 20 per cent cut in carbon emissions by 2010. Within government, Geoffrey Norris, Tony Blair's special adviser on industry and business, is pressing the nuclear case. It is understood that he was instrumental in the creation of the DTI's Future for Nuclear team. "Norris has fought hard to keep nuclear on the agenda," said the Whitehall source. Sir David King, the Government's chief scientific adviser, is also said to be lobbying for new nuclear build. Mr Norris did not return calls and Sir David was unavailable for comment. A DTI spokesman said: "Although nuclear power produces no carbon dioxide, its current economics make nuclear build an unattractive option and there are important issues of nuclear waste to be resolved." However, in a sign that the Government is planning a debate on nuclear power, he said: "Any decision to build new nuclear power stations would need to be the subject of public consultation and [the] publication of a White Paper on those specific proposals." It is expected that a government U-turn on nuclear power would require a major ministerial reshuffle. Along with Ms Hewitt, Margaret Beckett, the Secretary of State for the Environment, is also uneasy about nuclear power. Mr Blair may also want a pro-nuclear Energy minister to replace Mike O'Brien, who has remained neutral on the issue. Martin O'Neill, the Labour chairman of the Commons Trade and Industry Select Committee, said: "Nuclear's time is about to come. By this time next year, I expect there to be a nuclear White Paper laying out all the various goods on the stall. My feeling is that the political mood is changing towards nuclear. There are a lot of people who, six to nine months ago, were anti-nuclear who are now changing their positions." A "process of elimination" would lead the Government to turn to nuclear, as other "green" forms of electricity generation all have their flaws, he said. Already, some of the world's leading nuclear companies are lining up consortia to bid for the expected nuclear building programme, which could be worth £8bn. The companies set to bid include the French nuclear giant Areva, UK construction company Amec and Westinghouse, the US arm of the state-owned BNFL. ©2005 Independent News &Media (UK) Ltd. ***************************************************************** 13 Guardian Unlimited North Korea: Drills Delay Nuclear Talks From the Associated Press [UP] Saturday March 26, 2005 5:46 PM SEOUL, South Korea (AP) - North Korea blamed joint military drills conducted by the United States and South Korea for a delay in the resumption of nuclear disarmament talks, the North's Communist Party newspaper reported Saturday. The weeklong military exercises, which ended Friday, were ``derailing the resumption of six-way talks,'' the newspaper Rodong Sinmun said in a commentary also carried by North Korea's official news agency, KCNA. ``The U.S. does not want either improvement of the relations with (North Korea) and a solution to the nuclear issue ... but intends only to invade by force of arms.'' North Korea has repeatedly denounced the annual exercises as preparations for a pre-emptive attack against its hardline regime and said it would build a nuclear arsenal to deter such an attack. Washington says it has no intention of invading and has urged the North to return to the multilateral nuclear disarmament talks. Last month, the North's government claimed it had nuclear weapons. International experts believe the North does have enough radioactive material to make about a half-dozen nuclear bombs but has not performed any known nuclear tests that would confirm the claim. The talks - involving the two Koreas, United States, China, Japan and Russia - have been stalled since June after three unsuccessful rounds in Beijing. A planned fourth round in September never took place because of the North's refusal to attend, citing what it calls a hostile U.S. policy. Also Saturday, the North accused Washington of dividing the two Koreas and called for a withdrawal of all U.S. troops from the South. ``The U.S. should withdraw from South Korea its forces that have imposed the tragedy of division upon the Korean nation and wantonly abused human rights of South Koreans for more than half a century,'' KCNA said. It said the North Korean Human Rights Act enacted in October in the United States is an ``evil law'' which creates more separated families and should be scrapped. The United States has about 33,000 troops in South Korea as a legacy of the 1950-53 Korean War, which ended in a cease-fire, not a peace treaty, leaving the two Koreas technically still at war. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ***************************************************************** 14 PTI: 'Iran N-Programme was recommended by former US President' Mar 27, 2005 06:31:00 PM WASHINGT FES71 Washington, Mar 27 (PTI) The Iranian uranium enrichment programme, the shut-down of which the US now demands, was recommended by former President Gerald Ford's top officials, including his Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, current Vice President Richard Cheney and Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, according to declassified US documents. The Ford Administration of the 1970s even recommended to Iran at one point to make the nuclear project a joint one with Pakistan, the newly declassified documents reveal. The Ford Administration "at one point suggested joint Pakistani-Iranian reprocessing as a way of promoting 'nonproliferation in the region ' because it would cut down on the need for additional reprocessing facilities,'" the Washington Post said in a report, after reviewing the documents. Cheney, Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz do not want to talk about it now but Kissinger told the Post when asked why he joined in making these recommendations, "They (Iranians) were then an allied country (under the Shah) and this was a commercial transaction. We did not address the question of them one day moving toward nucler weapons." Joseph Cirincione, a nonproliferation expert at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, told the Post: "Do the Iranians remember that they (the then Ford Administration leaders) said this? Yes, the Iranians sure remember that they said it." Cirincione described as "the worst idea imaginable" the Ford Administration's suggestion for a joint Pakistani-Iranian reprocessing plant. PTI © Copyright PTI 2003-2004 ***************************************************************** 15 heraldtribune.com: Florida will replace weapons-grade uranium from research reactor Southwest Florida's Information Leader Letter to editor The Associated Press GAINESVILLE, Fla. -- Weapons-grade uranium from the University of Florida research reactor will be replaced with a safer alternative, officials said. The switch will make it "less likely that some organizations could collect fuel and set up some sort of clandestine operation to make weapons," said Bill Vernetson, the school's director of nuclear facilities. Under a federally funded conversion program, the U.S. Department of Energy will replace the highly enriched uranium in the university's training reactor with a low enriched fuel. The process is expected to take 15 to 18 months, university officials said. Highly enriched uranium is a key component in the construction of nuclear weapons; energy experts say as little as 25 kilograms can produce a bomb. Florida's reactor is powered with less than 5 kilograms. The Nuclear Sciences Center reactor, built in 1959, is used to train students in a variety of fields, from geology to medicine. Vernetson said the security move will not affect Florida's nuclear-related research. Energy department officials with the agency's conversion program were not available for comment Friday. Information from: The Gainesville Sun, Last modified: March 26. 2005 4:10AM Serving the Herald-Tribune newspaper and SNN Channel 6 © Sarasota Herald-Tribune. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 16 SANA: US allows Pak to go nuclear: report WASHINGTON, March 26 (SANA): The United States and other Western powers allowed Pakistan to develop nuclear weapons because they needed Islamabad's support to fight Soviet forces in Afghanistan, says a think-tank report distributed in Washington. The USA and the erstwhile West Germany had prior knowledge of Pakistan's clandestine efforts to buy nuclear material, but decided to ignore them, says the Observer Research Foundation, which is affiliated with the Washington's Brookings Institution. The report claims that even the present US Vice-President Dick Cheney, who was Secretary of Defence during the Afghan war, had blocked an in-house report on Pakistan's proliferation activities to help sale of F-16 aircraft to Islamabad. "Washington's priorities changed dramatically following the occupation of Afghanistan by Soviet forces in 1979," says the report, adding, "The Americans were far too obsessed with driving out the Soviets to waste time worrying about stopping Pakistan from going nuclear." In the case of Iran, the report says, the USA seems to have taken a diametrically opposite stand. While Iran insists it intends to use enriched uranium only in power stations, Washington argues that Iran is making fuel for atomic warheads. Britain, France and Germany are also putting diplomatic efforts to persuade Iran to scrap uranium enrichment. Pakistan's nuclear programme, which began after India's first nuclear test in 1974, also had the tacit support of China, the report claims. The genesis of Pakistan's programme, the report says, goes back to former Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, who way back in 1965 said, "If India builds the bomb, we will eat grass or leave, even go hungry, but we will get one of our own. We have no alternative." The report claims, "Pakistan relied heavily on clandestine deals with nations like Germany, the USA, China and North Korea to buy, sell and barter nuclear know-how and materials." Pakistan had maintained such extreme security to its nuclear programme that its army, which guarded the installations, did not even allow the then Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto to visit Kahuta, where a uranium enrichment centrifuge facility was established, the report says. Centrifuges are used to purify uranium for use as fuel for nuclear power plants or weapons. ***************************************************************** 17 SANA: Illegal Nuclear Deals Alleged WASHINGTON, March 26 (SANA): A federal criminal investigation has uncovered evidence that the government of Pakistan made clandestine purchases of U.S. high-technology components for use in its nuclear weapons program in defiance of American law. Federal authorities also say the highly specialized equipment at one point passed through the hands of “Humayun Khan”, an Islamabad businessman who they say has ties to Islamic militants. Even though President Bush has been pushing for an international crackdown on such trafficking, efforts by two U.S. agencies to send investigators to Pakistan to gather more evidence have hit a bottleneck in Washington, said officials knowledgeable about the case. The impasse is part of a larger tug-of-war between federal agencies that enforce U.S. nonproliferation laws and policymakers who consider Pakistan too important to embarrass. The transactions under review began in early 2003, well after President Pervez Musharraf threw his support to the Bush administration's war on terrorism and the invasion of neighboring Afghanistan to oust Pakistan's former Taliban allies. "This is the age-old problem with Pakistan and the U.S. Other priorities always trump the United States from coming down hard on Pakistan's nuclear proliferation. And it goes back 15 to 20 years," said David Albright, director of the Washington-based Institute for Science and International Security. Albright, a former United Nations weapons inspector in Iraq, favors getting tougher with Pakistan. U.S. and European officials involved in nonproliferation issues say they recently discovered evidence that Pakistan has begun a new push to acquire advanced nuclear components on the black market as it tries to upgrade its decades-old weapons program. Current and former intelligence officials said the same elements of the Pakistani military that they suspected of orchestrating efforts to buy American-made products may also have worked with Abdul Qadeer Khan, father of the Pakistani nuclear program who allegedly supplied weapons know-how and parts to Iran, North Korea and Libya. Abdul Qadeer Khan and Humayun Khan are not related. The scheme U.S. investigators are trying to unravel involves Humayun Khan and Asher Karni, a South African electronics salesman and former Israeli army major. Aided by Karni, who pleaded guilty to violating export control laws and began cooperating with U.S. authorities shortly after his arrest 15 months ago, investigators have traced at least one shipment of oscilloscopes from Oregon to South Africa and on to Humayun Khan. The trail did not end there, however. According to recently unsealed Commerce Department documents, agents followed the shipment to the Al Technique Corp. of Pakistan, which had not been listed on any of the shipping or purchasing documents. Al Technique describes itself as a manufacturer of precision lasers and other military-related products. But for federal investigators, "it was a big red flag," one U.S. official said. "It's definitely a front for nuclear weapons, for their WMD project," the official said. The company is on a U.S. list of firms banned from buying equipment such as the special oscilloscopes that can be used to test and manufacture nuclear weapons. Like others interviewed for this report, the American official spoke on condition of anonymity, citing the political sensitivity of the case, the records of which have been sealed by a federal judge. The judge also has imposed a gag order on all participants. U.S. officials suspect that the Pakistani government was the customer behind another purchase they say Humayun Khan made from Karni: 200 U.S.-made precision electronic switches that can be used in detonating nuclear weapons. U.S. law prohibits the sale of equipment that can be used in nuclear weapons programs to Pakistan and some other countries as part of the effort to curb nuclear proliferation. Officials accuse Humayun Khan and Karni of conspiring to break those laws by concealing the nature of the transactions. Humayun Khan has not been charged with any crime, but the Commerce Department on Jan. 31 banned him from doing business in the U.S. for 180 days. Halting illegal transfers of nuclear weapons components is a cornerstone of the administration's Proliferation Security Initiative, and the departments of Commerce and Homeland Security moved quickly to pursue leads after Karni's arrest. His cooperation has allowed U.S. officials to significantly expand their investigation. As many as several dozen suspects are under scrutiny in Pakistan, India, South Africa, the United Arab Emirates and elsewhere, officials say. Humayun Khan's involvement in the deal aroused concern because he has been linked to several militant groups, including the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference, a Pakistani party that allegedly supports fighters in the disputed territory of Kashmir. Last year, federal prosecutors used Karni's ties to Humayun Khan to argue successfully against the South African being released on bail while awaiting trial. "This case represents one of the most serious types of export violations imaginable," one prosecutor argued in a court filing. U.S. agents began gearing up for an investigative trip to Pakistan in early 2004. They had recently completed a mission to South Africa that produced a wealth of evidence. They hoped to question Humayun Khan and others, locate missing components and pursue further leads. But when the Commerce and Homeland Security departments asked the State Department to clear the investigators' trip, they did not get permission. Law enforcement officials complain that the delay has allowed the trail to grow cold. Several senior officials said that the United States had made high-level requests to Islamabad for cooperation in the case, but that none was made forcefully or publicly. Two State Department officials dealing with nonproliferation said the Bush administration voiced concerns about Pakistan's ties to the nuclear black market, most recently during private meetings Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice had with Musharraf and other Pakistani leaders last week. Pakistan has refused to allow access to Abdul Qadeer Khan. Gary Milhollin, a nuclear nonproliferation expert, said the Bush administration could apply enough pressure on Pakistan to gain access for the investigators reviewing Humayun Khan's activities, tying cooperation to the $3-billion U.S. aid package, for example, and to the sale of F-16 fighter jets that the White House announced Friday. "But it seems bizarre that we are letting the Pakistanis get away with nuclear smuggling because we think they'll help fight terrorism," said Milhollin, who heads the Washington-based Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control. Humayun Khan, in a telephone interview from Islamabad, denied any involvement with the recent shipments, saying that "someone else" ordered the oscilloscopes and the switches, had them shipped to his office, then snatched them somewhere along the way. "It's very tragic," Humayun Khan said. "You don't know where these things are landing. They come through and they vanish." He said Washington has allowed dozens of black market companies to flourish in Pakistan and elsewhere by selectively enforcing its nonproliferation laws. "It's all about politics," Humayun Khan said. "If they don't want us to develop these things, they would do everything they can to stop it…. You [the American government] close one eye and open the other at particular times to these things that have been going on." He said dozens of front companies throughout South Asia and the Middle East were procuring such components from U.S. firms for questionable purposes. Humayun Khan said he had e-mailed detailed information to U.S. investigators about at least 10 Pakistani companies that he claimed routinely engaged in illicit schemes to buy goods from U.S. suppliers, including Tektronix Inc., the Oregon firm that allegedly sold him the oscilloscopes. U.S. officials will say only that Humayun Khan has provided evasive and contradictory answers about the case. Although they have talked to him by telephone, they say it is crucial to confront him in Pakistan, where they can do follow-up investigations. Humayun Khan said he assumed that, because U.S. investigators never showed up, they must have dropped him as a suspect. Pakistani authorities haven't questioned him, he said, because he and his father have done business with Islamabad's Defense Ministry for 40 years and would not do anything the government didn't approve of. "Nobody came to me. Why? They didn't bother," Humayun Khan said. "They know us like we were relatives." Alisha Goff, a spokeswoman for Tektronix said that the company was aware of the investigation, including the purchase of its oscilloscopes, but that it had not been implicated in any wrongdoing. She said the company had stopped all shipments to Humayun Khan, pending the outcome of the investigation. "Tektronix is cooperating fully with the government, and as such cannot provide any additional information on this matter," Goff said. U.S. investigators say they have become increasingly frustrated by the lack of support from the State Department because they see rising indications of Pakistani involvement in the nuclear black market. They cite evidence suggesting that Pakistan has increased its already extensive network of agents operating in the global market for nuclear and missile components. Foreign officials with the International Atomic Energy Agency say they believe Pakistan has set aside a huge budget for new black market components to upgrade its entire nuclear weapons program. Some of the equipment is part of a large program to expand Pakistan's nuclear arsenal with plutonium-based weapons, which are smaller and far more destructive than weapons using uranium, diplomats and investigators say. "Pakistan does need nuclear technology," said one European diplomat with ties to the South Asian country, noting that Islamabad's agents have been caught trying to make illicit purchases of specialized steel and aluminum, as well as nuclear triggers called krytrons. "We have the names of the companies and we have been talking to them," another diplomat said. Pakistani officials have repeatedly declined to discuss Karni's case and the investigation, and Al Technique did not return calls seeking comment. One senior Pakistani official said that his country did not intentionally violate U.S. nonproliferation laws, but it would continue to support and improve its nuclear weapons program as a deterrent to India, which he said also used the black market. The departments of Commerce, Homeland Security and Justice would not permit its officials to discuss the criminal case on the record, and the White House and State Department also had no formal comment. However, State Department officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said the administration believed it had few options for pressuring Musharraf when his cooperation was crucial on several other fronts. "It's one thing for them to cooperate with us in efforts to stop [nuclear components] from going elsewhere, such as Iran," one said. "But they will never cooperate with us on efforts to stop things that they are trying to get. They've got their own program, which they're trying to keep." www.pakranks.com ***************************************************************** 18 Xinhua: Iran warns against WMD proliferation www.xinhuanet.com www.chinaview.cn 2005-03-26 22:42:57 TEHRAN, March 26 (Xinhuanet) -- Iranian President Mohammad Khatami warned on Saturday against the production and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), the official IRNA news agency reported. "Today, the world is seriously threatened by the production, proliferation and stockpiling of weapons of mass destruction," Khatami was quoted as saying in a keynote speech delivered to the first international conference on bioethics, which opened here Saturday. Some 600 professors, researchers and scientists from 18 countries are attending the three-day conference. The United States accused Iran of developing nuclear weapons, a charge rejected by Tehran, who claims its nuclear program is for generation of electricity. Enditem Copyright ©2003 Xinhua News Agency. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 19 Xinhua: Iran refutes US official's allegation on NPT www.xinhuanet.com www.chinaview.cn 2005-03-28 03:54:01 TEHRAN, March 27 (Xinhuanet) -- Iran on Sunday refuted a recent allegation by US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice on the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), reported the official IRNA news agency. "The US should stop fanning distrust, spreading suspicion and continuing to raise excuses against peaceful use of nuclear energy," Foreign Ministry spokesman Hamid- Reza Asefi was quoted as saying. Rice said Friday in an interview with Los Angeles Times that the NPT's legitimation of uranium enrichment had lead to a proliferation risk and called on the international community to "close the loophole." Categorically rejecting Rice's statements, Asefi said the US had no right and could not condition other countries' economic progress and development on its discriminatory stances and interpretations. "The claims show clearly that the US administration has founded its policy on institutionalization of discrimination and double-standards worldwide and is arrogantly and unilaterally trying to undermine international institutions and conventions," Asefi said. The spokesman reiterated Iran's right of using nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, which he said was "undisputed and based on clear legal foundations." According to the NPT, all of its signatories enjoy the right to get access to peaceful nuclear technology including uranium enrichment. The United States has accused Iran of developing nuclear weapons secretly and urged the international community to press Tehran to halt all of its sensitive nuclear activities. Iran has suspended uranium enrichment but insisted that it isonly a "temporary" measure to build confidence, citing the NPT to support its claims. Enditem Copyright ©2003 Xinhua News Agency. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 20 CBS News: Loose Ends In Iraq Weapons Hunt March 26, 2005 Casualties In Iraq Shift (Photo: CBS/AP) "From bits in these original vials, you can create a hundred others, and we just want to know, has all this been traced?" Chief U.N. arms inspector Demetrius Perricos (AP) Dozens of ballistic missiles are missing in Iraq. Vials of dangerous microbes are unaccounted for. Sensitive sites, once under U.N. seal, stand gutted today, their arms-making gear hauled off by looters, or by arms-makers. All the world now knows that Iraq had no threatening "WMD" programs. But two years after U.S. teams began their futile hunt for weapons of mass destruction, Iraq has something else: a landscape of ruined military plants and of unanswered questions and loose ends, some potentially lethal, an Associated Press review of official reporting shows. The chief U.N. arms inspector told AP that outsiders are seeing only a "sliver" of the mess inside Iraq. Demetrius Perricos reports that satellite images indicate at least 90 sites in the old Iraqi military-industrial complex have been pillaged. The U.S. teams paint a similar picture. "There is nothing but a concrete slab at locations where once stood plants or laboratories," the Iraq Survey Group said in its final report. But that report from inside Iraq, though 986 pages thick, is at times thin on relevant hard information and silent in critically important areas. Just days after the report was issued last fall, for example, news leaked that tons of high-grade explosives had been looted a year earlier from the Iraqi complex at Qaqaa. It was a potential boon to Iraq's car bombers, but the U.S. document did not report this dangerous loss. Similarly, the main body of the U.S. report discusses Iraq's Samoud 2s, but doesn't note that many of these ballistic missiles haven't been found. Only via an annex table does the report disclose that as many as 36 Samouds may be unaccounted for in the aftermath of the U.S.-led invasion. Seventy-five of the 26-foot-long, liquid-fueled missiles were destroyed under U.N. oversight before the war, because they too often exceeded the 93-mile range allowed for Iraqi missiles under the 12-year-old U.N. inspection regime. After the U.N. inspectors were evacuated on the eve of the U.S. invasion, they lost track of the remaining missiles. The Iraq Survey Group, which ended its arms hunt in December, says a complete accounting of the Samouds "may not be possible due to various factors." Besides the Samouds, up to 34 Fatah missiles — a similar but solid-fueled weapon — are also unaccounted for. And more than 600 missile engines may be missing; the U.S. document simply doesn't report their status. Perricos, in the AP interview at his New York headquarters, expressed concern about the missiles. "If they have been destroyed, somebody should know they've been destroyed or not. Have they gone somewhere?" he asked. The worry is not that Iraqi insurgents might field the missiles, he said, but that advanced Samoud or Fatah parts might secretly boost missile-building programs elsewhere in the region or beyond. "The engines can easily be sold for a lot of money for the insurgency," he said. Asked about gaps in Iraq Survey Group reporting — specifically the silence on the Qaqaa explosives — a CIA official replied, "Our focus and goal was to find WMD, not conventional explosives." The official spoke on condition of anonymity. Led by CIA special adviser Charles A. Duelfer, the Iraq Survey Group discredited Bush administration claims of an Iraqi WMD threat by determining that Baghdad's programs to build nuclear, chemical and biological weapons were shut down in 1991 under U.N. inspection. But paperwork discrepancies and stray pieces from past programs -- from artillery shells to test tubes — have left a "residue of uncertainty," as the latest U.N. inspectors' report put it. On top of that, the disorder following the U.S.-led invasion exposed dangerous material and equipment, previously under U.N. seal, to theft. Samouds and Fatahs are only the biggest items on the "unaccounted-for" list. The smallest are bits of bacterial growth for biological weapons. The Iraqis said this bioweapons material was destroyed years ago, but not all is documented. Inspectors simply don't know whether vials of seed stock — including deadly anthrax and botulinum A bacteria — may have been used to nurture more batches that are unaccounted for. "From bits in these original vials, you can create a hundred others, and we just want to know, has all this been traced?" Perricos asked. The Iraq Survey Group lists the fate of bioweapons seed stocks under "Unresolved Issues." The U.S. arms hunters' findings further cloud the picture on another item, 155mm mustard-gas shells with a dead-end paperwork trail. At least 13,000 shells filled with mustard were destroyed under U.N. supervision in the 1990s, but 550 were never found. Iraqis told U.N. inspectors they were destroyed in a fire. Now the U.S. teams say an imprisoned Iraqi official told them a Special Republican Guard unit retained the chemical rounds, and Iraq was about to declare them to U.N. inspectors when the Americans invaded. His account, otherwise unconfirmed, raises the prospect of the mustard, an incapacitating blistering agent, falling into the hands of the anti-U.S. insurgency in Iraq. Although some chemical weapons lose potency quickly, mustard remains viable for years. Perricos said stray chemical ordnance may have lain unnoticed in Iraqi ammunition dumps when the invasion began. "We don't know if they have cleaned up, if they have visited, for example, the munitions depots," he said of the Iraq Survey Group. The group's final report acknowledges, in fact, that "only a fraction of Iraq's total munitions inventory was identified and exploited for CW rounds" — that is, checked for chemical weapons. In part, at least, this was because depots were stripped by looters after the Iraqi government was brought down in April 2003. More than a year later, in the Netherlands and Jordan, U.N. inspectors found the first evidence of what had happened: More than 40 missile engines somehow had made their way out of Iraq and into foreign scrap yards, along with four specialized vessels from Iraq's Fallujah chemical plant, which made ingredients for poison gases. But "we have just seen a very thin sliver" of the Iraqi materiel being bought and sold in the Middle East, Perricos said of those finds. In U.N. Security Council discussions, Perricos has suggested his agency return to Iraq to help with arms verification, but the United States hasn't responded. Iraqi representatives say the inspection agency should be shut down. Other unknowns in today's Iraq involve some of the most sensitive among the 90 or so ransacked sites: MUTHANNA Iraq's chemical-weapons center of the 1980s, a desert complex in the embattled Sunni Triangle, it was overrun by looters who apparently broke into a U.N.-sealed bunker holding old chemical weapons, sarin-filled artillery rockets, the Iraq Survey Group reported. It isn't known whether usable warheads remained in the bunker and what may have been taken. QAQAA Besides the 377 tons of high-grade explosives, whose disappearance went unreported by the U.S. teams, this huge site south of Baghdad held thousands of pieces of equipment for making explosives, missile propellant and other military products. The U.N. inspectors worry that 800 pieces of specialized chemical equipment, long under U.N. monitoring, have been taken. TUWAITHA Satellite images show that many buildings at Iraq's premier nuclear site, south of Baghdad, were systematically dismantled. High-precision equipment long under U.N. monitoring was presumed stolen, including flow-forming machines and electron-beam welders, key to building centrifuges to produce nuclear-bomb fuel. The cost of the fruitless U.S. weapons hunt was both financial and human. The Iraq Survey Group's budget is classified, U.S. officials have said. But Duelfer's predecessor, David Kay, told the AP that a report that $600 million was appropriated for 2004 was correct. That doesn't include a reported $300 million spent on the weapons hunt before the 2004 fiscal year, and additional spending in late 2004. Searching in the midst of war, for evidence that wasn't there, took four lives among the searchers, the CIA reports. Two Iraq Survey Group members died and five were wounded when a building exploded while they searched it, and two more died and one was wounded in an attack on a Duelfer convoy. He escaped injury. By CHARLES J. HANLEY ©MMV, The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. ***************************************************************** 21 The Times of India: Pakistan gets IAEA request for N-parts- FRIDAY, MARCH 25, 2005 ISLAMABAD: Pakistan has received a formal request from the International Atomic Energy Agency to send some components of a "discarded" centrifuge for analysis, a day after President Pervez Musharraf said it considered sending nuclear centrifuges to the agency for investigation relating to Iran's nuclear programme. "The President's statement is in the context of a request received from the IAEA that some components of a discarded old centrifuge may be sent to the agency in Vienna for analysis in connection with the agency's investigation into the contamination issue with regard to Iran,"Pakistan foreign office spokesman Jalil Abbas Jilani was quoted as saying in the Dawn daily on Friday. Jilani,who had earlier this week said Pakistan has not received any request from IAEA nor would it send any centrifuges, confirmed that the request had been made. The spokesman, however, remained evasive on when the request was received from the IAEA but the daily claimed it had come "some time back." Musharraf had said in a television interview on Thursday that Pakistan was considering dispatching parts of centrifuges to Vienna for examination. Copyright © 2005 Times Internet Limited. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 22 AP Wire: Fuel from nuclear warheads causes concern over transport safety | 03/26/2005 | Associated Press CHARLESTON, S.C. - An experimental load of nuclear fuel will be arriving in South Carolina in a few weeks, stirring debate over whether the substance is a target for terrorism or a safe source of energy. A shipment of MOX, a nuclear fuel made from weapons-grade plutonium, is expected to arrive at the Charleston Naval Weapons Station in two to three weeks and then will be transported by truck to the Catawba Nuclear Station in York County. Scientists and environmentalists disagree on the health and safety risks of radioactive plutonium and plutonium-based fuel. Still, the federal government is moving ahead with plans to turn plutonium from nuclear warheads into a product that could run power plants. The South Carolina plant will be the first American nuclear reactor to use MOX. The product already is used in reactors in Europe and Japan, and has been tested in laboratories abroad. Its use in the United States is part of the federal government's pact with Russia to find safe ways to dispose of both countries' plutonium supplies. But activists say there are too many dangers with the fuel. "The risk of bringing nuclear fuel through the area, through the waterway we rely on for our economy, and driving it on the same streets with our children is too great," said Merrill Chapman of the Charleston-based group Citizens Against Plutonium. In September, Chapman and her group protested a 275-pound shipment of weapons-grade plutonium moving through Charleston on its way to France. There, the plutonium was processed into the four MOX "fuel assemblies" that are now on their way back to South Carolina. Its arrival will mark the first shipment of MOX into the country. Chapman and her group are working now to set up protests in Charleston while the MOX is en route. The federal Department of Energy has said that the transportation of MOX is safe. If the fuel works successfully at the Catawba Nuclear Station, the federal government plans to build the first U.S. MOX factory near Aiken to transform the rest of the country's leftover military plutonium into fuel. Whether future shipments of MOX are necessary will depend on the success of the work at Catawba. The ships carrying the fuel to Charleston are specially outfitted to hold nuclear material. A team of armed officers will accompany the ships and an armed convoy will move the load by land to York. ***************************************************************** 23 [DU-WATCH] Fayetteville diary - a veteran confronts charges Date: Fri, 25 Mar 2005 23:51:16 -0600 (CST) Fayetteville Diary A veteran confronts charges Fort Bragg was the wrong place to protest By Dennis Kyne www.gnn.tv A veteran confronts charges Fort Bragg was the wrong place to protest From a distance I heard Drew Plummer say, Hey, Dennis! He was standing in the Porta Potty crowd, in the middle of a line that was on the end of ten lines that were already twenty people deep. It was eleven in the morning and it was packed; the rally in Fayetteville, North Carolina hadnt even started. In the distance, musician Ralph Baldwin, a Vietnam veteran, kicked off the rally with a haunting song from his album, Hold Onto The Dream. I knew right then, and I get goose bumps as I write this, that I was in the right place, and this was definitely the right time. The South Carolina Stop the War coalition marched in unannounced as the rally began. Buses from New York City, Washington D.C., Atlanta and all points west arrived continuously, unloading people who walked onto the rally area and created a mass that organizers put at nearly 5,000 far larger than the small gathering reported by some media outlets the following day. Organizer Lou Plummer said this was the biggest protest ever in Fayetteville. The hot topic of the day was the simmering controversy over recent statements by Paul Rieckhoff, founder of the Manhattan-based soldier advocacy group Operation Truth. Rieckhoff, an Iraq war veteran and a favorite of media outlets from CNN to The New York Times, stated that protesting in Fayetteville represented, the height of insensitivity by the anti-war organizations due to its proximity to Fort Bragg, home to the 82nd Airborne. On Air America last week, he repeated the charge, getting into a heated argument with Unfiltered host Rachel Maddow. Aside from the insinuation that troops are trained with sensitivity, it is an incredible assumption to think that all troops on active duty are so dense they dont know we are there in their interests. One could very easily infer from Rieckhoffs rhetoric that we were there to spit and curse at the troops. But there were no cries of babykillers coming from this crowd. In fact, there was nothing but love for the sons and daughters sent to fight a war sold to the public on a lie. Riechkhoff seems to forget that the organizations hosting this event were all family members of service members who have died in action or are currently serving. In addition, the organizations were made up of many veterans, people who have served in both peace and wartime. Rieckhoff, who is not an active duty soldier, is currently a 1st Lieutenant in the New York State National Guard. Having spent fifteen years in the Army myself, from 1987 until 2003, including service as a medic on the frontlines of Operation Desert Storm, I can tell you, the only person insulting anyone is Rieckhoff. Drew Plummer had just returned from the Navy the day before, having battled the machine long enough to know what it is doing to young women and men. Drew enlisted during his last year in high school, just three months before 9/11. He was released from his military obligations last week after a prolonged legal battle resulting from his exercise of the freedoms he supposedly was fighting to protect. Home on leave, he had joined his father, Lou, at an anti-war vigil. When an Associated Press reporter asked his opinion on the war, Drew replied, I just dont agree with what were doing right now. I dont think our guys should be dying in Iraq. But Im not a pacifist. Ill do my part. He paid the price. The Navy charged Drew with making disloyal statements, under Article 134 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. At his hearing, he was asked if he sympathizes with the enemy or was considering acts of sabotage against the U.S. military. He replied, no, and was convicted and demoted. Drew told me he had recognized early on that the war was waged under false pretenses. He said, One of the ways to end war is resistance from the inside. We are making them aware with protests. Troops realize war is wrong sooner or later, and they start the moves to get out. This is what Drew did, and he received more than fifty letters from around the country in support. Hell always be a hero to me. So will Jose Couso, the slain journalist from Spain. Jose was hit by a U.S. tank shell while inside the Palestine Hotel during the fall of Baghdad in April 2003. Everyone in the world knew the hotel was where the worlds media was operating out of. His brother, David, traveled from Madrid to Fayetteville in his honor. With the aid of an interpreter, David told me, It is the right thing to do, when it comes to struggle you have to go to them and invite them because it is open to everyone. This is not an issue of confrontation, this in issue of invitation, we invite everyone to come. The majority of the people who arrived were from places other than Fayetteville. That is not to say Fayetteville wasnt alive, and Fort Bragg soldiers and their family members werent speaking out just as hard, if not harder, than the out-of-towners. On the condition of anonymity, of course, having been told by commanders on Fort Bragg not to get anywhere near the protest or else risk being punished, there were members of the 82nd Airborne, both current and former present at the protests. The 82nd Airborne is on a steady rotation to combat zones, and Ann Roesler, who was staying in her son Michaels apartment while he was off fighting, had something to say about Rieckhoffs statement as well. Michael is on his second rotation to Iraq with the 82nd. It is a crock of s*** what Rieckhoff says. Many of the troops I have spoken with dont believe in this war. What Rieckhoffs doing is creating a hornets nest, making things worse. I concur, so does Ward Reilly, of Vietnam Veterans Against the War, who traveled from Baton Rouge, Louisiana for the event. Ward, a major organizer of the Jazz Funeral For Democracy held in New Orleans earlier this year, said, One thing that separates us from them is credibility. They [Operation Truth] have no credibility, what Rieckhoff is doing is straight Nixonian. Talk about telling the truth, the Winter Soldiers testimony in 1971 was telling the truth, which led to the pulling of money for the war. What Rieckhoff is doing is participating in the division, knowing most likely that power divides each to conquer both. Many simply asked, What the hell is Rieckhoff doing? Responses from Military Families Speak Out, the Gold Star mothers and veterans of this current war and many wars past said that Rieckhoff, a young man who is more than likely loaded with good intentions, doesnt have any idea what he is doing. Rieckhoff wants to blame the White House and everyone else, when the fact is everyone is accountable to the truth. What truth is his operation telling? That the White House lied? Most people in Fayetteville knew that before Rieckhoff ever deployed to Iraq. Kevin and Joyce Lucey were telling the truth as they spoke to the thousands of anti-war protesters. Kevin Lucey told of finding his son, Jeffrey, in the basement of their home strangled with a garden hose. Jeffrey, who was only 23, had left dog tags of two Iraqi soldiers he said he was forced to shoot unarmed on his bed. After hearing these remarkable parents, I was in tears so were many others. Jeffreys fate is similiar to many of the 11,000 Desert Storm veterans I served with who are now dead. As I climbed the stage, held the microphone, and told the crowd I wanted to have a cry, I had to remind myself and the thousands of listeners, everyone in Fayetteville knows soldiers dont cry. I spoke about depleted uranium and the fact that 18,500 Desert Storm Veterans are incarcerated for rape or violent crimes in our federal and state prisons. I mentioned these troops currently are coming home with something deeper than PTSD, it is Soldiers Heart (WWI), Shell Shock (WWII), the 1,000 yard stare (Vietnam)? I asked, What will they call it this war? As the crowd applauded and I left the stage, I was reminded that I was in the right place and it was the right time. It was the right thing, and no 1st Lieutenant in the United States military, still collecting money in a time of war, is going to pass himself off as truth-teller to me, or any of the thousands of anti-war protesters I shared the day with in Fayetteville on the second anniversary of an illegal invasion. While Rieckhoff, and others, believe Fayetteville was the wrong place to protest; Drew Plummer, the Luceys and thousands of others were down south saying, Bring Them Home Now, we dont support an illegal war. For most troops and their families, that is the only operational truth worth telling. Read Paul Rieckhoffs response to Kynes diary here. Dennis Kyne is a military veteran who served for fifteen years in the U.S. Army, and was a battlefield medic on the frontlines of Operation Desert Storm, where he saw first-hand the effects of Depleted Uranium weapons and PB Tablets. He is the author of the self-published memoir, Support the Truth, and a musician. For more info, see www.denniskyne.com. Send instant messages to your online friends http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] ------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor --------------------~--> Help save the life of a child. Support St. Jude Children's Research Hospital's 'Thanks & Giving.' http://us.click.yahoo.com/0iazvD/5WnJAA/xGEGAA/Sj.0lB/TM --------------------------------------------------------------------~-> [Brought to you by HTTP://WWW.STOPNATO.ORG.UK] Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/du-watch/ <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: du-watch-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com <*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ ***************************************************************** 24 [DU-WATCH] Fw: Details on Depleted Uranium Date: Fri, 25 Mar 2005 23:50:30 -0600 (CST) ----- Original Message ----- From: Karim A G To: Karim A G Sent: Sunday, March 20, 2005 3:20 PM Subject: Details on Depleted Uranium http://shininglight.us/mt/archives/2005/03/details_on_depl.html#more Details on Depleted Uranium The details about Depleted Uranium are emerging from the deep hole the US Department of Defense has put them. Rumor has it that the BBC will break the story over the next few days. If that happens, US mainstream media will likely pick up the story. What I want to know is why its taken so long. Who put the blackout on US Media? I've found internet links to documents produced by the government as early as 1990 on DU and its potential consequences. There are extensive resources on-line on DU. There are also government commissioned studies that minimize it's risks. The Federation of American Scientists has a good set of links. Remember all the discussion about Anthrax powder? The CDC describes how small particles of Anthrax the size of 5-10 micrometers can easily become airborne again when disturbed: Although resuspension of certain settled particles requires substantial amounts of energy, lower energy activities (e.g., paper handling, foot traffic, mail handling, and patting of chairs) can reaerosolize settled B. anthracis spores (9,10). The clinical and epidemiologic presentations of anthrax after an intentional release vary by the population targeted, the characteristics of the spores, the mode and source of exposure, and other characteristics. The size of the particles of DU are nanometers and therefore even easier to disturb and stay airborne for longer periods. The problem with even Rands conclusions are based on the assumption of episodic exposures where the body can purge itself of the particles as it do with natural occuring uranium. I can imagine battlefields that are occupied indefinitely producing continuous exposure that builds up in the body. I recall discussions of dust always in the air in Iraq. I can imagine a gradually increasing continuous exposure to DU in certain locations. With troops rotating in and out of hot areas, they receive continuous exposure while there. The numbers exposed would be very high. DU along with the exposure of many troops to the traces of chemical weapons in southern Iraq early in the invasion when a munitions dump was burned probably accounts for much of the 56% disability rate in Gulf War II Veterans. Explaining How "The numbers are overwhelming, but the potential horrors only get worse," Robert C. Koehler of the Chicago-based Tribune Media Services wrote in an article about DU weapons entitled "Silent Genocide." "DU dust does more than wreak havoc on the immune systems of those who breathe it or touch it; the substance also alters one's genetic code," Koehler wrote. "The Pentagon's response to such charges is denial, denial, denial. And the American media is its moral co-conspirator." The U.S. government has known for at least 20 years that DU weapons produce clouds of poison gas on impact. These clouds of aerosolized DU are laden with billions of toxic sub-micron sized particles. A 1984 Department of Energy conference on nuclear airborne waste reported that tests of DU anti-tank missiles showed that at least 31 percent of the mass of a DU penetrator is converted to nano-particles on impact. In larger bombs the percentage of aerosolized DU increases to nearly 100 percent, Fulk told AFP. DU is harmful in three ways, according to Fulk: "Chemical toxicity, radiological toxicity and particle toxicity." [...] "Exposure pathways for depleted uranium can be through the skin, by inhalation, and ingestion," Moret wrote. "Nano-particles have high mobility and can easily enter the body. Inhalation of nano-particles of depleted uranium is the most hazardous exposure, because the particles pass through the lung-blood barrier directly into the blood. "When inhaled through the nose, nano-particles can cross the olfactory bulb directly into the brain through the blood brain barrier, where they migrate all through the brain," she wrote. "Many Gulf era soldiers exposed to depleted uranium have been diagnosed with brain tumors, brain damage and impaired thought processes. Uranium can interfere with the mitochondria, which provide energy for the nerve processes, and transmittal of the nerve signal across synapses in the brain. "Damage to the mitochondria, which provide all energy to the cells and nerves, can cause chronic fatigue syndrome, Lou Gehrig's disease, Parkinson's disease and Hodgkin's disease." Complete Article Radioactive Uranium Nano-Particles Pinpointed as Major Issue in Gulf War Syndrome Christopher Bollyn - American Free Press January 7, 2005 Depleted uranium weapons and the untold misery they wreak on mankind are taboo subjects in the mainstream media. There are indications, however, that the media embargo is about to be breached. Despite being a grossly under-reported subject in the mainstream media, there is intense public interest in depleted uranium (DU) and the damage it inflicts on humankind and the environment. While American Free Press is actively investigating DU weapons and how they contribute to Gulf War Syndrome, the corporate-controlled press virtually ignores the illegal use of DU and its long-lasting effects on the health of veterans and the public. In August 2004 American Free Press published a ground-breaking four-part series on DU weapons and the long-term health risks they pose to soldiers and civilians alike. Information provided to AFP by experts and scientists, some of it published for the first time in this paper, has increased public awareness of how exposure to small particles of DU can severely affect human health. Leuren Moret, a Berkeley-based geo-scientist with expertise in atmospheric dust, corresponds with AFP on DU issues. Recently Moret provided a copy of her correspondence to a British radiation biologist, Dr. Chris Busby, about how nanometer size particles of DU - less than one-tenth of a micron and smaller - once inhaled or absorbed into the body, can cause long-term damage to one's health. Busby is one of the founders of Green Audit, a British organization that monitors companies "whose activities might threaten the environment and health of citizens." Moret's letter was meant to assist Busby in a legal case being heard in the High Court in London where a former defense worker, Richard David, 49, is suing Normal Air Garrett, Ltd., an aircraft parts company now owned by Honeywell Aerospace, claiming exposure to depleted uranium on the job has made his life a "living hell." David worked as a component fitter on fighter planes and bombers but had to quit due to health problems. He says he developed a cough within weeks of starting work. Today, David suffers from a variety of symptoms like those known as Gulf War Syndrome, including respiratory and kidney problems, bowel conditions and painful joints. Medical tests reveal mutations to his DNA and damage to his chromosomes, which, he says, could only have been caused by ionizing radiation. He has also been diagnosed with a terminal lung condition. Honeywell denies depleted uranium was ever used at the plant in Yeovil, Somerset, where David worked for 10 years until 1995. David claims that DU's existence at the plant was denied because it is an official secret. David has asked the High Court for more time to gather evidence. The hearing is due to resume in April. "I don't have any legal representation," David said, "so I am representing myself. It is a real David versus Goliath case. "I am confident I will win. I hope to set a precedent for other cases of people who have suffered from the effects of depleted uranium." Moret's letter on the particle effect of DU is based on research done by Marion Fulk, a nuclear physical chemist and former scientist with the Manhattan Project and the National Laboratory at Livermore, California. Fulk, who has developed a "particle theory" about how DU nano-particles affect human DNA, donates his time and expertise to help bring information about DU to the public. Asked about Fulk's particle theory, Busby said it is "quite sound." "DU is much more dangerous than they say," Busby added. "I've always said that it contributes significantly to Gulf War Syndrome." When Moret's correspondence to Dr. Busby was posted on the Internet over the New Year's holiday under the title "How Depleted Uranium Weapons Are Killing Our Troops," some 6,000 people read the letter in the first two days. The following Monday, a producer from the BBC's Panorama program contacted Moret to arrange an interview. If the BBC follows up with an investigation on the health effects of DU, it may be hard for the U.S. media to remain silent. More than 500,000 "Gulf War Era" vets currently receive disability compensation, many of them for a variety of symptoms generally referred to as Gulf War Syndrome. Experts blame DU for many of these symptoms. "The numbers are overwhelming, but the potential horrors only get worse," Robert C. Koehler of the Chicago-based Tribune Media Services wrote in an article about DU weapons entitled "Silent Genocide." "DU dust does more than wreak havoc on the immune systems of those who breathe it or touch it; the substance also alters one's genetic code," Koehler wrote. "The Pentagon's response to such charges is denial, denial, denial. And the American media is its moral co-conspirator." The U.S. government has known for at least twenty years that DU weapons produce clouds of poison gas on impact. These clouds of aerosolized DU are laden with billions of toxic sub-micron sized particles. A 1984 Dept. of Energy conference on Nuclear Airborne Waste reported that tests of DU anti-tank missiles showed that at least 31 percent of the mass of a DU penetrator is converted to nano-particles on impact. In larger bombs the percentage of aerosolized DU increases to nearly 100 percent, Fulk told AFP. Depleted uranium is harmful in three ways, according to Fulk: "Chemical toxicity, radiological toxicity, and particle toxicity." Particles in the nano-meter (one billionth of a meter) range are a "new breed of cat," Moret wrote. Because the size of the nano-particles allows them to pass freely throughout the organism and into the nucleus of its cells, exposure to nano-particles causes different symptoms than exposure to larger particles of the same substance. Internalized DU particles, Fulk said, act as "a non-specific catalyst" in both "nuclear and non-nuclear" ways. This means that the uranium particle can affect human DNA and RNA because of both its chemical and radiological properties. This is why internalized DU particles cause "many, many diseases," Fulk said. Asked if this is how DU causes severe birth defects, Fulk said, "Yes." The military is aware of DU's harmful effects on the human genetic code. A 2001 study of DU's effect on DNA done by Dr. Alexandra C. Miller for the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, indicates that DU's chemical instability causes 1 million times more genetic damage than would be expected from its radiation effect alone, Moret wrote. Dr. Miller requested that questions be sent in writing and copied to a military spokesman, but did tell AFP that it should be noted that her studies showing that DU is "neoplastically transforming and genotoxic" are based on in vitro cellular research. Studies have shown that inhaled nano-particles are far more toxic than micro-sized particles of the same basic chemical composition. British toxicopathologist Vyvyan Howard has reported that the increased toxicity of the nano-particle is due to its size. For example, when mice were exposed to virus-size particles of Teflon (0.13 microns) in a Univ. of Rochester study, there were no ill effects. But when mice were exposed to nano-particles of Teflon for 15 minutes, nearly all the mice died within 4 hours. "Exposure pathways for depleted uranium can be through the skin, by inhalation, and ingestion," Moret wrote. "Nano-particles have high mobility and can easily enter the body. Inhalation of nano-particles of depleted uranium is the most hazardous exposure, because the particles pass through the lung-blood barrier directly into the blood. "When inhaled through the nose, nano-particles can cross the olfactory bulb directly into the brain through the blood brain barrier, where they migrate all through the brain," she wrote. "Many Gulf Era soldiers exposed to depleted uranium have been diagnosed with brain tumors, brain damage, and impaired thought processes. Uranium can interfere with the mitochondria, which provide energy for the nerve processes, and transmittal of the nerve signal across synapses in the brain. "Damage to the mitochondria, which provide all energy to the cells and nerves, can cause chronic fatigue syndrome, Lou Gehrig's disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Hodgkin's disease." www.americanfreepress.net/html/explaining_how.html March 14, 2005 06:38 PM :: TrackBack href=3D"http://www.iacenter.org/depleted/dugov.htm"> href=3D"http://www.miltoxproj.org/depleted_uranium.htm">extensive resources on-line on DU. There are also government commissioned studies that minimize it's risks. The Federation of American Scientists has a good set of links. href=3D"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr53e430-2a1.htm">CDC describes how small particles of Anthrax the size of 5-10 micrometers can easily become airborne again when disturbed: href=3D"http://www.americanfreepress.net/html/explaining_how.html">Explaining How ------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor --------------------~--> Give the gift of life to a sick child. Support St. Jude Children's Research Hospital's 'Thanks & Giving.' http://us.click.yahoo.com/3iazvD/6WnJAA/xGEGAA/Sj.0lB/TM --------------------------------------------------------------------~-> [Brought to you by HTTP://WWW.STOPNATO.ORG.UK] Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/du-watch/ <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: du-watch-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com <*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ ***************************************************************** 25 BBC: 'Nuclear particle' find on beach Last Updated: Saturday, 26 March, 2005 [Dounreay Nuclear Power Plant] The Dounreay nuclear plant is being decommissioned A suspected radioactive particle, found on a beach near Dounreay nuclear power station, has been taken for analysis. The particle was detected on Dunnet Beach, about 14 miles east of the Caithness plant, by workers carrying out monitoring of the area. It is the second radioactive item found on the beach in less than a month. More than 50 pieces of reprocessed reactor fuel have been found on the public beach at Sandside to the west of the site over the past two decades. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (Sepa) first indications show that the particle on Dunnet beach is a fragment of reactor fuel. The particle appears to have broken up on collection. The activity of the find appears to be comparable to that of some of the lower level finds at Sandside Bay, however further analysis is being undertaken. To date we have found o particle, today, and a stone with contamination on 2 March [ src=] Colin Punler Dounreay spokesman Dounreay spokesman Colin Punler said all precautions to protect the public will be taken. "We started monitoring there at the end of January and periodically during February," he said. "We have now monitored about one fifth of the surface area of the beach. "To date we have found one particle, today, and a stone with contamination on 2 March." Mr Punler said that previous particles found at Sandside beach had contained a "low-level" of radioactivity. He said that public health authorities had come to the conclusion that there was no justification for the closure of the beach. Detection systems The particles are specks of irradiated fuel which are similar in size to a grain of sand. They are the result of former operations at the nuclear plant, which is being decommissioned, during the 1960s and 1970s. Sandside Beach is normally monitored on about 12 days each month using a combination of vehicle-mounted and hand-held detection systems. The UK Atomic Energy Authority is required under authorisation from Sepa to routinely monitor Sandside Bay, the Dounreay Foreshore, Crosskirk, Brims Ness, Scrabster and Thurso Beaches. A study into the health effects of contamination from particles has been commissioned by Sepa. This report will be published later this year. ***************************************************************** 26 Al Jazeera: Workers at the Dimona reactor suffering from cancer - Aljazeera.com 3/27/2005 1:15:00 PM GMT The Dimona nuclear reactor at the Negev desert. Some 31 Israelis working for the nuclear Dimona reactor located in the Negev desert have been reported to be suffering from cancerous tumours due to the leaking of serious radiations into their bodies during their work at the nuclear plant, the Hebrew daily "Ha'aretz" disclosed. The paper states that the 31 workers along with 45 others, who are also suffering from cancer, have filed lawsuits against the Israeli authorities seeking compensation for damages sustained during their service. However, an Israeli court is arguing that the workers don't deserve any compensation are their current ailment has nothing to do with their work at the facility. Personnel quoted by Israeli media are charging that the reactor's authority were lax and negligent about health and safety issues. They further confirmed that a special committee was tasked with checking whether those employed at the nuclear reactor station did have cancerous tumours like they say they do. In one report by the Israeli Channel 2 television station it was revealed that a large number of the personnel who worked at the Dimona reactor had died from cancer and that the Israeli authorities denied their death was caused by the radiations leaked from the plant. High poverty rate In an article published in the Hebrew daily "Yediot Ahronot", an Israeli economic expert affirmed that the increasing levels of poverty mushrooming in the Israeli society would force the migration of large numbers of Israelis. The expert quoted a recent Israeli report which revealed that one out of four Israelis is living under the poverty line. He further pointed out that the Jewish state ranked first among "developed" countries in which the poverty rate was on the rise. He highlighted that some 40% of the Israeli companies and workshops in the Negev desert officially announced their bankruptcy in the current year compared to 21% last year. ***************************************************************** 27 Paducah Sun: Cancer victim finally nears settlement in plant exposure - By Joe Walker jwalker@paducahsun.com 270.575.8656 Saturday, March 26, 2005 Robert Pierce has always believed that exposure to deadly substances while working at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant robbed him of his health and livelihood. Now the government confirms it. After nearly four years of claims wrangling, Pierce received a letter Tuesday saying he faces at least a 50-50 chance that his larynx cancer was caused by radiation exposure. He said local U.S. Department of Labor officials told him he is virtually assured of getting a lump-sum payment of $150,000 plus free medical care for the rest of his life. "It's been a long time coming," said Pierce, 50, of Paducah. "I think it might give some other people some hope." Filed in July 2001, his claim had been one of about 3,000 backlogged for current and former Paducah plant workers whose illnesses did not readily qualify for compensation under federal law. Because his cancer was not one of the 22 listed as radiation-related, he had to wait nearly four years for scientists to determine if his work probably made him sick. "They said that between 1975 and 1981, I had several acute uptakes of radiation according to my urinalyses," Pierce said Friday. "It's bittersweet. It's good that I'm going to get compensated, but on the other hand, you wonder what's down the road." There is no sign that his cancer is back, but he worries about a recurrence. In 1998, prolonged hoarseness prompted him to see a doctor. Bouts with chemotherapy and radiation killed the malignant cells, but they came back in 2001, forcing surgeons to remove part of his voice box. He now takes in deep breaths to speak in a whisper and regularly undergoes surgery to clear his breathing passages. Disabled and unable to work, Pierce has repeatedly spoken out for sick nuclear workers at public meetings and in rallies. He plans to attend a town hall gathering at 6 p.m. Tuesday at the Robert Cherry Civic Center in which Labor Department officials will talk about a new program to compensate nuclear workers for diseases related to toxic exposure. Similar meetings are set for 2 and 6 p.m. Wednesday. The new program is designed to streamline the toxic-exposure-claims process. Most of the qualifying claims are expected to be paid after the Labor Department finalizes regulations in May. The radiation-exposure program, which the Labor Department has run since 2001, has paid more than $175 million to Paducah workers, and about 1,000 more cases have been referred to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to determine if there was a link between exposure and disease. The expanded law provides for up to $250,000 for each worker exposed to various toxins. Some of the sickest could get as much as $400,000 under both programs. Pierce said he qualified a year ago for toxic-exposure compensation. Several months later, Congress passed legislation moving the program from the Department of Energy, under which claims backlogged, to the Labor Department. He is now waiting for word on the extent of his disability, which will dictate his level of compensation. Pierce, who doggedly called and wrote government officials about his case, thanked the local Labor Department claims staffers for their help. His letter came from Larry Elliott, director of NIOSH´s Office of Compensation Analysis and Support in Cincinnati, who had pledged that added staff would work through a backlog of exposure reconstructions such as Pierce's. "I just want to tell other workers not to give up," Pierce said. "Keep calling. Keep writing. Keep asking questions." Claims may be filed at the Paducah Energy Employees Compensation Resource Center, 125 Memorial Drive, next to Milner & Orr Funeral Home off Blandville Road. Phone: 534-0599 or toll-free 866-534-0599. ***************************************************************** 28 New River Valley Current: Rats get uranium in study of veterans' health roanoke.com - Saturday, March 26, 2005 Some health advocates claim that exposure to depleted uranium could be causing Gulf War Syndrome. By Kevin Miller BLACKSBURG - The U.S. Army recently awarded Virginia Tech researchers additional money to study whether a combination of stress and exposure to uranium from military ammunition could cause some of the myriad health problems affecting veterans of the first war in Iraq. The U.S. military as well as some NATO forces frequently use depleted uranium in armor-piercing ammunition because of its density. Although far less radioactive than natural uranium, which is used for nuclear weapons and fuel for nuclear power plants, depleted uranium can still pose a health risk to those who come into direct contact with it. Environmental groups and some health advocates claim that exposure to depleted uranium - whether in the form of radioactive dust ingested after detonation, in the form of shrapnel in the body or through contact with spent munitions and their targets - could be causing Gulf War Syndrome, the name given to the assorted health problems suffered by veterans of the first Gulf War. Others have said depleted uranium ammunition caused a rise in cancer rates and birth defects among Iraqi citizens. Medical studies have offered conflicting results on the potential dangers of depleted uranium, but research into the subject is intensifying. Researchers at the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine in Blacksburg have been testing depleted uranium's effects of laboratory rats for the past several years. The Tech team is paying particular attention to the toxicity of the uranium and whether stress - often in the form of forced swimming - affects the rats' reaction to heavy metal. Bernie Jortner, a professor in the vet school's Department of Biomedical Science and an expert in neurotoxicity, said rats in one study who received an injection of a soluble uranium and were stressed once showed reduced motor activity skills for several days. They also exhibited kidney damage and changes in levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter essential to healthyfunction of the central nervous system. But the rats' motor functions returned after the kidneys repaired themselves a week later, making it difficult for the researchers to determine whether it was the uranium directly or the kidney damage that affected the rats. Jortner said the meaning of the dopamine changes is as yet unclear - pointing out, however, that reduced dopamine levels are associated with Parkinson's disease. The Army recently extended a second study by Jortner and his two principal colleagues, Tech's Marion Ehrich and the University of Florida's David Barber, in which uranium pellets are implanted in rats to simulate shrapnel. These rats are kept longer and stressed more often. Jortner said the second study is much more complex and comprehensive. "We'll have much more data ... and be much closer to the situation" faced by soldiers wounded by depleted uranium ammunition, Jortner said. To date, the Army has invested in excess of $1 million in the research programs. ***************************************************************** 29 Documentary POISON DUST: A new look at U.S. radioactive weapons Please join us for the Queens Screening of the New, Full-length Documentary POISON DUST: A new look at U.S. radioactive weapons In this new Iraq War, ITS WORSE THAN BEFORE (The film will be projected onto a large screen) Tuesday · April 19, 2005· 7pm All Saints Church - 43-12 46th Street (at 43rd Ave.) Sunnyside, NY · Donations accepted. (7 train to 46th Street stop; walk one block) Discussion to follow with: Sue Harris, Peoples Video Network Editor of POISON DUST Ray Ramos, a Queens Iraq War Veteran Exposed to Depleted Uranium (DU) and featured in the film Queens Anti-War and Community Activists On how you can get involved During the current Iraq War, the U.S. use of radioactive Depleted Uranium (DU) weapons increased from 375 tons used in 1991 to 2,200 tons. Geiger counter readings at sites in downtown Baghdad record radiation levels 1,000 to 2,000 times higher than background radiation. The Pentagon has bombed, occupied, tortured and contaminated Iraq. Millions of Iraqis are affected. Over 1 million U.S. soldiers  including many from communities all over Queens  have rotated into Iraq. We dont know how many have been exposed to DU. Half of the 697,000 U.S. Gulf War troops from the 1991 war have reported serious medical problems and a significant increase in birth defects among their newborn children. The effects on the Iraqi population are even greater. Many other countries and U.S. communities near DU weapons plants, testing facilities, bases and arsenals have also been exposed to this radioactive material with a half-life of 4.4 billion years. Get educated! Get Involved! Lets work to educate ourselves and mobilize people to understand what the Pentagon has unleashed on the world. Get involved with Queens anti-war and community groups to demand full testing, full healthcare, decontamination, thorough cleanup and reparations. We need money for jobs, education, healthcare, housing and human needs right here in Queens  not for war. Sponsored by: Sunnyside Woodside Peace - www.sunnysidewoodsidepeace.org Depleted Uranium Education Project of the International Action Center - www.iacenter.org West Queens Greens - www.nygreens.org/west-queens/ Million Worker March - mwmeast@yahoo.com List in formation For more information call: (718) 512-5442 Download pdf Flyer for distribution International Action Center 39 West 14th Street, Room 206 New York, NY 10011 email: iacenter@action-mail.org En Espanol: iac-cai@action-mail.org web: http://www.iacenter.org CHECK OUT SITE http://www.mumia2000.org phone: 212 633-6646 fax: 212 633-2889 To make a tax-deductible donation, go to http://www.peoplesrightsfund.org ***************************************************************** 30 Lexington Herald-Leader: Worker's radiation case finally nears settlement | 03/27/2005 | MAN'S CANCER MIGHT BE LINKED TO GAS PLANT ASSOCIATED PRESS PADUCAH - A former uranium worker suffering from larynx cancer is moving closer to getting a lump-sum government payment for radiation-related illnesses. Robert Pierce said he has always thought he had been exposed to deadly substances while working at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant. His claim, filed four years ago, had been on hold. On Tuesday, Pierce received a letter saying there is at least a 50-50 chance that his cancer was caused by radiation exposure. He said U.S. Department of Labor officials have assured him that he would get a payment of $150,000 plus free medical care for the rest of his life. "It's been a long time coming," said Pierce, 50, of Paducah. "I think it might give some other people some hope." Because his cancer was not one of the 22 listed as radiation-related, he had to wait nearly four years for scientists to determine whether his work probably made him sick. His claim was backlogged with 3,000 others. "They said that between 1975 and 1981, I had several acute uptakes of radiation according to my urinalyses," Pierce said Friday. "It's bittersweet. It's good that I'm going to get compensated, but on the other hand, you wonder what's down the road." Pierce has become an advocate for sick nuclear workers at public meetings and in rallies. He plans to attend a town hall gathering Tuesday at the Robert Cherry Civic Center, where Labor Department officials will talk about a new program to compensate nuclear workers for illnesses related to toxic exposure. Similar meetings will be held Wednesday. The new program is set up to streamline the toxic-exposure claims process. The separate radiation-exposure program, which the Labor Department has run since 2001, has paid more than $175 million to Paducah workers. The expanded law provides for as much as $250,000 for each worker exposed to various toxins. Some of the sickest could get as much as $400,000 under both programs. "I just want to tell other workers not to give up," Pierce said. "Keep calling. Keep writing. Keep asking questions." ***************************************************************** 31 Sunday Herald: Dounreay waste spreads further afield - By Rob Edwards, Environment Editor Radioactive contamination from Dounreay has spread more than twice as far as previously thought, to a popular beach on the north coast. Scientists from the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) found a fragment of irradiated reactor fuel on Dunnet beach, near Thurso, at around 9am yesterday. The beach is more than 12 miles east of Dounreay, much further than any other known site of contamination. The particle is only the second from Dounreay found on a public beach. According to the UKAEA, hundreds of thousands of nuclear fuel fragments could have leaked into the sea from Dounreay in the past. Only around a thousand have so far been recovered. The discovery at Dunnet has sparked fears that contamination could have been swept by sea currents to Orkney and down the east coast. Everywhere they have looked, they have found these particles, said Lorraine Mann of Scotland Against Nuclear Dumping. They are really dangerous, she said. Some of them are radioactive enough to kill outright. The reason why particles have not so far been discovered on other beaches is that no-one has yet looked for them, she claimed. The UKAEA started monitoring Dunnet beach at the end of January, this year in response to a request from the government watchdog the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (Sepa). On March 2 a stone contaminated with radioactive caesium was found. The source of this contamination is still unknown. Tests have, however, ruled out the possibility that it came from the Chernobyl nuclear accident in Ukraine in 1986. Nevertheless, the find prompted the UKAEA to step up its monitoring of Dunnet beach. That is why scientists were combing the sand on Saturday and will be out again today. UKAEA spokesman Colin Punler said yesterday's particle was characteristic of the fuel fragments that had been discovered at Sandside and around Dounreay. So far only a fifth of Dunnet beach had been monitored, he said, so more radioactive particles may be unearthed there. A Sepa spokeswoman confirmed last night that it had been informed of the find. 27 March 2005 © newsquest (sunday herald) limited. all rights reserved ***************************************************************** 32 Rocky Mountain News: Interest revives in Colorado uranium Casper, Wyoming - Sunday, March 27, 2005 By GARGI CHAKRABARTY DENVER -- The rough and rocky terrain of southwest Colorado is once again luring miners with its promise of yellow wealth -- not gold but uranium. Three uranium mines, shuttered in the mid-1980s, were reopened in the past two years. The revival of another two is on the anvil this year. And many prospectors are scoping out the Colorado Plateau in hopes of striking rich ore deposits. This resurgence in uranium mining is being triggered by skyrocketing prices brought on by soaring global demand for the radioactive mineral. From trading at about $9 per pound in 2001, the price of raw uranium has nearly tripled and currently trades at about $25 a pound. Industry experts predict prices will climb to between $30 and $35 a pound during the next few years. The raw material is called yellowcake, a coarse reddish-yellow powder made up of oxidized uranium that is milled from mined ore. It contains scant radioactive elements and is put through various milling processes and eventually turned into fuel rods, which are used in nuclear power plants. The price spike in the mined uranium is attributable to a shrinking supply of yellowcake as European and Asian countries switch to nuclear reactors for power generation in the face of rising oil prices and global warming. In the United States, 103 nuclear reactors in 31 states provide electricity to one of every five homes and businesses. World demand for uranium will be 185 million pounds in 2013, estimates the Nuclear Energy Institute in Washington. But supply likely will be significantly lower, at about 130 million pounds, said Clifton Farrell, NEI's senior project manager. "With this impending shortage, the outlook for the uranium market is very positive," Farrell said. "I think we are going to see reactivation of mines in the U.S. in the next few years." The uranium ore grade mined in Colorado is much lower than the ore grades mined in Australia or Canada, Farrell said, which is partly why production stopped following the 1980s. Given the prices, it makes more sense to open previously shuttered mines in Montrose County along the Western Slope. The Cotter Corp., which owns Colorado's four operating uranium mines in Montrose County -- near the town of Naturita -- is set to produce 525 tons of ore per day. That would be nearly five times the 110 tons a day it produced in 2004. Another company, Little Maverick Mining Co., recently submitted a plan to mine 500 tons of uranium per month from a site near Gateway. The Bureau of Land Management is reviewing its application. Based in Lakewood, Cotter is a subsidiary of San Diego-based General Atomics. It employs 126, 37 of whom work at the mines. The majority work at Cotter's mill in Canon City, and the remaining people are employed at its corporate office. The mined ore, covered in canvas and marked, is trucked by highway to the mill, where it is processed to separate the uranium and the vanadium from other minerals. Vanadium, which is used to harden steel, is shipped for further processing and distribution. The ore is put into 55-gallon drums and trucked to ConverDyne, a uranium enrichment company in Metropolis, Ill. In Illinois, it is converted into uranium hexafluoride, a form that makes it easier to further enrich the uranium for nuclear reactors at power plants. The Bush administration's push to include nuclear power in the debate on the looming energy crisis also is helping give the uranium mining industry a second lease on life. "As our energy needs increase, we need to diversify our fuel mix and maximize the use of uranium for nuclear energy, along with the use of coal, natural gas and other energy fuels," said Stuart Sanderson of the Colorado Mining Association. "That only makes sense." Preliminary data show the nation's nuclear power plants produced a record 786.5 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity in 2004, surpassing the previous high of 780 billion kwh in 2002. And nuclear plants are extending their lives. Thirty reactors received 20-year license extensions, 18 reactors have filed for licence renewals and another 22 are likely to seek renewal in the next six years, the NEI reports. Three industry consortia have applied to the Energy Department to design and test new nuclear power plants, although they have not committed to build one. Globally, India has 14 reactors and is planning to add 24 more. South Korea has 19 and has plans for another eight, while China -- which has nine reactors -- is proposing to build 18 more. Mexico is seeking to reactivate its nuclear energy program. Copyright © 2005 by the Casper Star-Tribune published by Lee Publications, Inc., a subsidiary of Lee Enterprises, ***************************************************************** 33 Salt Lake Tribune: Establish priorities Opinion Article Last Updated: 03/25/2005 11:04:21 PM In October's gubernatorial campaign debates, Jon Huntsman Jr.'s main thrust was to make Utah attractive to business, thus creating jobs and generally benefiting our citizens. The wise man carefully chooses his battles but, unfortunately, Gov. Huntsman has now thrown in with the nuclear storage fearmongers. Realizing the suffering of the downwinders of the '50s, has the human race been too stupid to learn anything about handling nuclear materials in the past half-century? Let's establish priorities. Gov. Huntsman and our legislators are ignoring the real, present danger already killing citizens of Utah on a weekly basis. Drug overdose deaths on the Wasatch Front are giving Utah a well-deserved reputation as a major center for methamphetamine abuse. Is that attractive to new businesses? Who wants to face daily problems with employee drug abuse? Who wants to raise their children in such an environment? Who wants homes in their neighborhood made uninhabitable by toxic residue from drug manufacture? On St. Patrick's Day, Iowa's governor signed legislation mandating that over-the-counter cold remedies containing pseudoephedrine, an essential ingredient in the manufacture of methamphetamines, be removed from the shelves and sold by pharmacists. No prescription is necessary, but the drugs must be signed for and any large purchase would invite a visit by law enforcement officials. Jim Gallagher Holladay © Copyright 2005, The Salt Lake Tribune. ***************************************************************** 34 Salt Lake Tribune: Requiem for Yucca Mountain Opinion Article Last Updated: 03/26/2005 02:44:11 PM Bob Loux Without a miracle of some sort, it is all over. Yucca Mountain, the federal government's choice for storing nuclear waste from Cold War-bomb production and power plants, will never open. The project that began with a congressional mandate 22 years ago seems perennially stalled, even though $8 billion has already been spent on everything from scientific studies and modeling to the building of a railroad deep within Yucca Mountain. Back in the early 1980s, when Congress selected Nevada as the final resting place for high-level radioactive debris, most Nevadans vehemently opposed the plan. Our resistance, summed up in the frequently seen bumper sticker: "Nevada is not a wasteland," seemed futile to some people. Not any more. What's changed is, first of all, the science. What began two decades ago as a trickle of evidence suggesting that Yucca Mountain was incapable of isolating deadly radioactive waste has become a deluge. But instead of acknowledging what its own scientists and research were showing - that the geology of Yucca Mountain was so seriously flawed that the site should be disqualified - the Department of Energy turned the concept of geologic isolation on its head. The agency set about changing rules, regulations and guidelines so as to cover up site deficiencies and permit the program to go forward in spite of overwhelming evidence to the contrary. That was borne out last July, when the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld the state of Nevada's legal challenge to the radiation health-protection standards for the Yucca site. The ruling meant that guaranteeing public safety for 10,000 years wasn't enough; instead, radiation coming from the dump must be safe for as long as 1 million years, the expected lifetime of the dump. This will be a difficult feat for both the Environmental Protection Agency and Energy Department, and a license to open Yucca Mountain depends on it. But there have been other signs that Yucca Mountain may be one of the nation's costliest boondoggles: The Energy Department has pushed back Yucca Mountain's opening from 2010 to 2012 to 2015 to 2017, all within a few months. The Bush administration cut Yucca Mountain's 2006 budget in half, to $651 million. Ted Garrish, Yucca Mountain's acting director, has said that the program will need more than $1.5 billion a year for the next decade in order to open. The National Association of Regulatory Utility commissioners recently resurrected a proposal to take the nuclear-waste management program away from the Energy Department and turn it over to a quasi-governmental corporat- ion. Some industry representatives now delink the repository at Yucca Mountain from the notion that new power plants can't go forward unless Yucca Mountain goes forward. Previously, the industry insisted that getting Yucca Mountain open was essential for building new reactors. And, a report by the National Commission on Energy Policy calls for interim, aboveground spent-fuel storage as a backup to Yucca Mountain. This is a startling turn of events. As the Los Angeles Times put it recently in a news story: "The state has stunned federal officials with its tenacity, legal skill and evolving political acumen, scoring key victories in federal court and in Congress that have repeatedly stalled the project." The U.S. Congress probably chose Yucca Mountain, 90 miles northwest of Las Vegas, as the nation's nuclear dumping ground because it thought Nevada had neither the will nor the clout to fight back. These days we are surprising everyone - and maybe even ourselves. From Democratic Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid, Gov. Kenny Guinn, Attorney General Brian Sandoval and Las Vegas Mayor Oscar Goodman, who even promised to lay his body down in front of any truck carrying nuclear waste headed for Yucca Mountain, we've shown our smarts and our power. Now, it is no longer a question of whether Yucca Mountain will crumble, but when. The project is on track to meet the same fate as other major Energy Department projects of the last few decades, such as the super-colliding superconductor and the Clinch River breeder reactor. Despite billions invested, those projects became so weighted down with mismanagement, cost overruns and political opposition that they simply became impossible. So it is with Yucca Mountain. --- Bob Loux is a contributor to Writers on the Range, a service of High Country News (http://hcn.org). He is the executive director of Nevada's Office for Nuclear Projects, based in Carson City. © Copyright 2005, The Salt Lake Tribune. ***************************************************************** 35 Bradenton Herald: Tallevast cleanup ideas sought | 03/26/2005 | SCOTT RADWAY Herald Staff Writer TALLEVAST - Lockheed Martin is seeking proposals on how best to clean up at least 50 acres of industrial groundwater contamination that spread from the old American Beryllium Co. plant into this small, residential community. The news comes as Lockheed, company officials said, has completed nearly all of its planned drilling and water sampling this month. The only area remaining marked for drilling is the fringe of the Sarasota-Bradenton International Airport, which requires site access permission from the Federal Aviation Administration. Meredith Rouse Davis, spokeswoman for Lockheed, said it is unclear what action the FAA will take or when. But the company is confident with the information already gathered, cleanup options can begin to be formulated. The contamination is believed to be caused by industrial solvents, some of which are potentially cancerous and were found in several residential drinking wells. Lockheed has been investigating the contamination since 2000, but has underestimated the size of the plume several times. One of the biggest questions in Tallevast is just how far has the contamination spread. Residents still fear it is bigger than Lockheed is reporting. Lockheed had proposed a meeting on March 29 with Tallevast residents to talk about the water testing, the findings of its mapping efforts, and cleanup options, but community leaders postponed the meeting until after April 15. Laura Ward, president of the Tallevast community group FOCUS, said residents want to wait until Lockheed test results from this month's drilling are submitted. Lockheed reported to the state that it would submit those results April 15. "We expect to schedule a meeting shortly thereafter," Ward said. Ward said FOCUS is hiring an independent hyrdologist to test residents' wells and local natural water bodies. Those results could also be ready by April 15 and all the new information could be discussed, she said. After a request to seal off resident wells, FOCUS requested that the wells be tested one more time for contamination. FOCUS has voiced concerns about differences in contamination levels between recent groundwater testing done near the wells and the well testing done last year. Lockheed has already agreed to pay for the independent testing. Ward said FOCUS has identified a hydrologist, and talked about the wells and additional natural water bodies the group wants tested in Tallevast. FOCUS expects a proposal early next week and the testing could be completed shortly thereafter, Ward said. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection has not issued its report on Lockheed's assessment of the contamination. The bulk of the assessment was submitted Feb. 1 to the state, with an additional report filed this month. The last piece is expected April 15 and DEP should issue the report then, DEP officials said. The expectation is the April meeting will be a milestone in the plight of this 85-home community. Lockheed should report just how bad the contamination is, residents will have private well information to compare with past testing and the state should rule on whether it believes Lockheed effectively mapped the contamination. Rouse Davis said because the March 29 meeting was postponed, Lockheed also expects to be able to report to residents the proposals for cleaning up the contamination area. The March meeting would have talked about the general range of methods. "We expect the April meeting to be comprehensive," Rouse Davis said. Scott Radway, environmental reporter, can be reached at 708-7919 or at . HeraldToday.com Read the history of the Tallevast site and contamination online. ***************************************************************** 36 Craig Daily Press: Opposition group softens stance Group willing to support uranium pit if owner cleans up radioactive dirt By Christina M. Currie, Daily Press Writer Saturday, March 26, 2005 Jim Ross hoped people would learn a lesson, but he brought a rope just in case there was a lynching. The Craig Realtor made an unexpected appearance Friday at a meeting of a group whose goal was to stand in his way. Now, it looks as if the two could form a partnership. Ross owns property near Maybell, where uranium was mined in the 1950s. What's left is a pit about 20 acres across and 200 feet deep and millions of tons of "overburden" that was piled to the sides of the pit when uranium was mined. That overburden is somewhat radioactive and already leeching into the rivers and floating through the air, Ross said. He wants to clean it up. His plans are to get a permit to use the existing pit to collect that overburden, which would be contained by up to 25 feet of concrete. It's an expensive plan -- one that's only possible, Ross said, if treated as a business. Accepting the same level of tailings from other sites -- shipped via rail and in sealed containers -- would fund the cleanup of Ross' and other sites. "My interest is not just in cleaning up my place, but the entire region," Ross told the group. The group, Northwest Colorado Cares, was formed to mount a protest against Ross' plan to bring in even low-level radioactive waste from other areas, but on Friday, members decided to start working to see whether the state or federal government would pay to clean up Ross's property or if other items -- such as tires -- could be used to fill the pit. "If you want to clean up tailings on your site, we'd be happy to help, but if you're bringing in ‘low-level' waste from Rocky Flats, that's not acceptable," said Terrie Barrie, the group's organizer. "Why don't we help you with your site and let everyone else in the country worry about their stuff?" Ross said he planned to be totally "transparent" and share all of his research and findings with the group and give tours of his property in the spring. "I'm determined to do this, and I'm not going to back off of creating a new business out there," he said. "There's already low-level waste scattered all over out there." The bottom line, said Bernie Rose, is that there's no way to remediate the area without it being a business. ***************************************************************** 37 Tri-City Herald: High-powered collection This story was published Sunday, March 27th, 2005 By Annette Cary, Herald staff writer As a Los Angeles high school student, Ron Kathren would get up at 4 or 5 a.m. and go outside to see the flash in the eastern sky from nuclear weapons tests in Nevada. It was perhaps a sign that Kathren's career would be devoted to the art and science of radiation protection. And his hobby would be collecting the books and equipment that trace the history of the new science of radiology, starting in the days when radiation seemed magical. Go to the Smithsonian's Museum of American History and you'll see five items loaned by Kathren on display, including a radiation sign from the Hanford nuclear reservation and a dosimeter from the 1940s. Now he's in the process of breaking up the rest of his collection, donating books valued at $250,000 to Washington State University and other items to a nuclear-themed museum in Nevada and a nonprofit organization in Tennessee. The collection, which ranges from early X-ray equipment to patent medicines laced with radium, reflects an era when the world was in love with the possibilities of radiation. Before the collection is dispersed, some of the items are on display in the glass cases along the main hallway of the Consolidated Information Center at Washington State University Tri-Cities in Richland. They range from a Revigator, a radium-lined jug good for making a radioactive tonic, to the self-published laboratory notes of the Boston dentist whose experiments on guinea pigs were the first to show that X-rays could kill animals in 1902. "People like that did extraordinary things, and very quietly, that really intrigued me," Kathren said. Kathren, who started working at Hanford in 1967 managing the external dose evaluation program, is now a professor emeritus at the College of Pharmacy at WSU Tri-Cities. His career is marked by firsts. He's the first, and only, health physicist to receive all three major awards from the Health Physics Society. He's also the first professor emeritus for WSU Tri-Cities. In 1959, only a few years before he started his radiological history collecting, he helped draft Los Angeles' first regulations for X-rays. X-rays, an unknown form of radiation, were discovered in 1895 and almost immediately captured the public's fancy. Within a year of the discovery of X-rays, five books had been published on the subject in English, all of which are in Kathren's collection. It wasn't just doctors and scientists who were interested in the subject -- members of the general public bought copies of Something About X-Rays for Everybody. It seemed magical to see inside the body, and people believed if you couldn't see, taste or smell it, it obviously must not be harmful, Kathren said. X-ray baths were advocated as a cure for criminal tendencies, among other benefits. At one time, the New Jersey Legislature came within one vote of banning X-rays from opera glasses, Kathren said. But after Marie Curie separated enough radium to verify it as a new element, public interest shifted to radium. "It was a panacea," Kathren said. Radium just sat there and gave off energy, so surely it would be energizing for health. It was used to treat more than 100 conditions, including baldness. People could get their dose of radium, advertised as "water's lost element," from letting water stand overnight in their Revigator, or by buying a cone laced with yellow uranium ore to treat their water. In the 1920s and '30s, radium was included in the patent medicine Radithor, which killed a wealthy Pittsburgh industrialist who took several bottles a day. More people might have been harmed, but few could afford it. "Radiation was a very expensive commodity in the early days," Kathren said. Working for the Los Angeles City Health Department early in his career, Kathren came upon a drug store that still had a few dozen bottles of Radithor. He still regrets not confiscating the bottles for the collection he would build. Instead, he told the pharmacist to dump them down the drain, an accepted disposal method at the time. Radium's glow when mixed with a phosphorescent also made it popular. Kathren's collection includes buttons for women's blouses and light pulls that were easy to find in the dark. As a boy of about 6, Kathren was fascinated with clocks and watches painted with radium. He'd take them into a walk-in closet and conduct experiments, observing how the light output would diminish. It was the fate of the young women, many recent immigrants, who painted those clock and watch dials that began to change public opinion about the safety of radiation. Kathren has photos from the 1920s showing women sitting in rows of school desks in unventilated classrooms, painting radiological material onto the faces of clocks and watches. They would twirl the tips of their paint brushes in their mouths to get a fine point for the delicate work. Some would spread the radium on their skin and hair to sparkle when they went out at night. About 30 percent developed bone cancer. As a health physicist, Kathren was fascinated by the fact that no women who received less than a certain dose developed bone cancer. That shows there is a threshold for the amount that causes harm, he said. Why only some of the women who received a high dose developed cancer remained a mystery for much of Kathren's career. Now scientists know that people have to be genetically programmed to be harmed, he said. Kathren is donating some of his collection to the new Atomic Testing Museum in Las Vegas. Many of his X-ray items, including early X-ray tubes and devices for measuring radiation treatment doses, will become part of the collection at the nonprofit Oak Ridge Associated Universities in Tennessee. Some of the items already donated can be seen at www.orau.org/ptp/museumdirectory.htm. His 3,400 books are going to WSU. His interest and donations were instrumental in starting the university's Special Library Collection Development Project with the Herbert M. Parker Foundation. And his generosity is leading to more donations throughout the university system, said LoAnn Ayers of the WSU Tri-Cities. Kathren's collection is so large that the university is accepting books in batches as it has time to catalog them. The collection covers radiation protection and biology and the development of the atomic bomb. Rare or fragile books, such as first editions by Curie, will be housed in a climate-controlled archival wing in Pullman, but much of the collection is available already for public use at WSU Tri-Cities. It was a sacrifice to donate his book collection on radiological science and the development of the atomic bomb. Kathren remains active in retirement, including serving on a National Academies Committee on the health effects of depleted uranium. "I still come over to use these books," he said. While he may not have read them all, "I've leafed through every one," he said. He's hoping his donation to the WSU library will inspire others to donate books and other historical information. For more information on the Special Library Collection Development Project, call Joseph Judy at 372-7000. n Reporter Annette Cary can be reached at 582-1533 or via e-mail at acary@tri-cityherald.com. © 2005 Tri-City Herald, Associated Press &Other Wire Services ***************************************************************** 38 SF Chronicle: UC Berkeley joins with New Mexico schools on lab bid Charles Burress, Chronicle Staff Writer Saturday, March 26, 2005 The University of California has teamed up with three New Mexico universities to bolster its chances for keeping a contract to manage the Los Alamos National Laboratory. UC and its New Mexico partners announced plans Thursday for a new Institute for Advanced Studies to conduct cooperative research with the Los Alamos facility, located in New Mexico. The Los Alamos lab, birthplace of the atomic bomb, has become a leading center for nuclear weapons design and research in many other scientific fields. The institute would be formed only if UC regents proceed with a bid to manage the lab and if the bid is accepted, according to UC and the New Mexico consortium led by the University of New Mexico. The other partners are New Mexico State University and the New Mexico Institute for Mining and Technology. Details have yet to be worked out, UC spokesman Chris Harrington said Friday. "This is a partnership we felt would enhance a possible bid should the board of regents decide to do so," he said. The new institute would likely have its own staff as well as provide collaborative opportunities for scientists from the lab and partner universities, said Terry Yates, vice president of research and economic development at the University of New Mexico. It would be housed at the Los Alamos lab, although it could also have "virtual" locations at the various campuses, Yates said. UC Vice President S. Robert Foley told UC regents earlier this month that the U.S. Department of Energy may open the bidding for the lab early next month, followed by a 90-day submission period. The current contract expires Sept. 30, but Foley said it may be extended to allow for processing the bids and making the transition to the new contract, which might require UC to find a corporate partner. UC has managed the lab since it began in World War II, but recent security and management lapses prompted the Department of Energy to open the contract to outside bidding. E-mail Charles Burress at cburress@sfchronicle.com. Page B - 7 San Francisco Chronicle] ***************************************************************** NOTE: In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107 this material is distributed without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving this information for non-profit research and educational purposes only. 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