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NUCLEAR POLICY
1 [NYTr] DPRK Slams US for Deployment of Missiles in S.Korea
2 [NukeNet] North Korea Said to Expand Arms Program
3 Guardian Unlimited: S. Korean President Visits Iraq Troops
4 YWS: (LEAD) U.S. Nuclear Negotiator to Arrive in Seoul for Strategy
5 US: [CMEP] Energy Report Dominated by Industry Interests; Nuke
6 US: [NukeNet] NYT: New Energy Report Promotes Nukes
7 US: New York Times: Report on Energy Impasse, With Some Improbable V
8 US: North Lake Tahoe Bonanza - Opinion: When whistles blow and no on
9 WorldNetDaily: Those nattering neo-cons
10 Bellona: Norway implements tax incentives for hydrogen-fuel cell veh
11 BBC: Musharraf thrives on US support
12 FT.com: Europe - Atomic attractions
13 AFP: Pakistan test fires medium range nuclear-capable missile
NUCLEAR REACTORS
14 US: [NukeNet] Fwd: NRC Credibility on the Line
15 [DU-WATCH] new Chernobyl effects falsify radiation risk model
16 US: Fwd: Shut San Onofre down permanently NOW!!! Here's why (please
17 US: NRC: Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards; Meeting of the
18 US: NRC: Notice of Issuance of Materials License SNM-2512 for the Id
19 US: NRC: Union Electric Company; Notice of Withdrawal of Application
20 US: Free Lance-Star!: North Anna could get more reactors
21 Bellona: First reactor unit at Leningrad NPP shut down again
22 iafrica.com: sa news Pebble bed partner 'bad news'
23 US: The Herald: Nuclear officials to question Duke over alleged viol
24 US: APP.COM: Meeting on nuclear plant planned
25 University of Western Ontario: Making Nuclear Power Safer
26 US: The Clarion-Ledger: Supes support nuclear reactor -
27 US: Times Argus: Entergy says it won't fight $85,000 state fine
28 NEWS.com.au | N-reactors shut down after leak (December 9, 2004)
29 US: NRC: NRC Restores Online Availability of Large Number of Reactor
30 US: NRC: NRC to Hold Predecisional Enforcement Conference on Duke Am
31 US: NRC: NRC Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste to Meet Dec. 13-14
NUCLEAR SAFETY
32 [DU-WATCH] DU-Worker's Life a "Living Hell"
33 US: [DU-WATCH] Grove Memo Endorsed DU as Radiological Poison
34 [DU-WATCH] Murderers in White Coats
35 US: News-Review: Radioactive material removed from fire station chai
36 US: News-Miner: A toxic legacy?
37 US: Observer-Reporter: Study: Greene residents sickened by pollution
38 US: Star Tribune: Cleanup at Arden Hills munitions plant goes to the
39 AU ABC: Olympic Dam plans prompt uranium transport fears
NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE
40 US: NRC: Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste; Notice of Meeting
41 US: NRC: General Electric Company Notice of Issuance of an Environme
42 US: Bradenton Herald: Tallevast residents want answers
43 US: L.A. Daily News: Bermite site sale eyed
44 Free Lance-Star!: Yucca Mountain repository is not the answer for nu
45 US: Casper Star-Tribune: Nuclear power group fights Utah efforts to
46 Pahrump Valley Times: Nye can use DOE repository funding
47 US: NRC: NRC Approves 40-Year License Renewal for Independent Spent
NUCLEAR WEAPONS
US DEPT. OF ENERGY
48 AP Wire: Containment plant in Aiken Co. could create 800 jobs
49 Las Vegas SUN: Panel Examines Funds for Energy Security
50 SPI: Hanford initiative injunction retained
51 ABQjournal: LANL RFP Separates Cleanup Contract
OTHER NUCLEAR
53 The Sunflower - December 2004 - Issue 91
54 Las Vegas SUN: Museum looking for Las Vegas' 1957 blonde atomic bomb
55 TheDay.com: Electric Boat President John P. Casey
56 TheDay.com: Electric Boat Sharing Sub Expertise With Spain
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FULL NEWS STORIES
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1 [NYTr] DPRK Slams US for Deployment of Missiles in S.Korea
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 2004 22:57:58 -0600 (CST)
Via NY Transfer News Collective * All the News that Doesn't Fit
Xinhua - Dec 8, 2004
http://www.newsisfree.com/iclick/i,63871384,5658,f/
DPRK slams US for deployment of Patriot missiles in South Korea
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) on Tuesday roundly
condemned United States' policy of deploying a new type of Patriot
missile in Kwangju, South Korea.
"This indicates that the US plan to start a new war on the Korean
Peninsula is being stepped up towards the final stage," the Minju
Joson newspaper said.
The US confirmed last week it had completed the deployment of its
Patriot PAC-3 missile system in South Korea as part of an 11 billion
US dollar upgrade of its military presence on the Korean Peninsula.
The Patriot missile system is designed to intercept and destroy
incoming ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and enemy aircraft.
US calls for dialogue and peace are "no more than a ruse to cover up
preparations for a war against the DPRK," the article said.
"It (the US) is shipping ultra-modern military hardware into South
Korea behind the curtain of 'dialogue and peace' so as to mount a
preemptive surprise attack on the DPRK," it added.
The newspaper said the DPRK will continue to increase its war
deterrent force in response to US military actions in South Korea.
Source: Xinhua
*
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2 [NukeNet] North Korea Said to Expand Arms Program
Date: Wed, 08 Dec 2004 18:34:24 -0800
Mothersalert: http://www.mothersalert.org
Videos Including Space Weaponization,
Nuclearization: http://www.envirovideo.com
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/06/international/asia/06korea.html?oref=login
North Korea Said to Expand Arms Program
By DAVID E. SANGER and WILLIAM J. BROAD
Published: December 6, 2004
Roland Schlager/European
Pressphoto Agency
Mohamed ElBaradei of the
International Atomic Energy Agency, left, with Cho
Chang Beom of South Korea at a recent agency
meeting.
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IENNA, Dec. 3 - Nearly two years after
international nuclear inspectors were ejected from
North Korea, the director general of the
International Atomic Energy Agency says he is now
certain that the nuclear material his agency once
monitored there has been converted into fuel for
four to six nuclear bombs.
The assessment by the energy agency's chief,
Mohamed ElBaradei, in an interview here at its
headquarters, aligns with the private assessments
of many American intelligence officials. But it
goes well beyond anything that the Central
Intelligence Agency or President Bush and his
aides have said in public. Some Bush
administration officials have said they are not
eager to update their public assessment of North
Korea's abilities, out of a concern that it could
create pressure for action - either greater
efforts to force the collapse of the North Korean
government, or greater concessions in
negotiations, as North Korea has demanded.
In the interview, Dr. ElBaradei said his judgment
that North Korea had converted its stockpile of
spent nuclear fuel into weapons-grade plutonium
was not based on new intelligence. Instead, he
said, it was based on the agency's years of
accumulated knowledge of North Korea's abilities,
and the amount of time that had passed since North
Korea ejected inspectors and began removing the
8,000 spent nuclear fuel rods that inspectors had
been monitoring.
"I'm sure they have reprocessed it all," he said.
"We know they have the fissile material," he said,
a reference to the rods, which can be reprocessed
into weapons-grade plutonium. "The production
process is not that difficult" to turn the rods
into bomb fuel, he said, and now enough time has
passed for North Korea to have solved any
production problems.
Until now, the United States has insisted that
North Korea has enough nuclear material to make
only one or two weapons, based on an estimate made
in the early 1990's. Because the United States and
the I.A.E.A. have never seen that material or any
nuclear weapons, it was an educated guess, and one
that has been the subject of considerable
behind-the-scenes debate.
But it was also assumed that one or two weapons
posed relatively little threat: North Korea could
not afford to sell its plutonium, or even conduct
a nuclear test, if those actions would eradicate
its stockpile.
If Dr. ElBaradei's new estimate is right - and
several American experts interviewed in recent
days said they believed it probably was - then
that equation changes, and could give North Korea
far more leverage.
Richard L. Armitage, who is departing as the
deputy secretary of state, warned Congress nearly
two years ago that if North Korea reprocessed its
fuel rods, there was a far more significant risk
that it could sell the material. The comment
alarmed some administration officials, who have
striven to convey a sense that there is not a
great strategic difference if North Korea holds
one or two weapons or if it holds seven or eight.
But internally, there has been significant debate
on that subject at the White House and the
Pentagon. Last month, Gen. Leon J. LaPorte,
commander of United States forces in South Korea,
told reporters in Seoul that he was increasingly
concerned that "North Korea, in its desire for
hard currency, would sell weapons-grade plutonium
to some terrorist organizations."
Robert J. Einhorn, a scholar at the Center for
Strategic and International Studies in Washington
and a former senior State Department official who
has often dealt with North Korea, said Dr.
ElBaradei's comments "certainly create some
pressure on the Bush administration."
"Would the North Koreans ever sell their
plutonium? I don't think so, but who knows?" he
said. "It becomes more plausible if they think we
are turning the screws on them. And it makes the
military situation more difficult," he said,
because North Korea could hide its weapons around
the country, making them more difficult to target
or seize.
A spokesman for the National Security Council,
Sean McCormack, said he was unaware of any change
in the official assessment of North Korea's
abilities.
Dr. ElBaradei's assessment puts him in the
opposite position he was in two years ago, when
the Bush administration was pressing him to find
evidence that Iraq was reconstituting its nuclear
weapons program. Dr. ElBaradei balked then, saying
there was little evidence of activity since the
1991 Persian Gulf war in 1991. His view was later
supported by the American-led Iraq Survey Group.
But in the case of North Korea, it is Dr.
ElBaradei who appears more willing to raise
alarms. That may reflect, in part, the breakdown
in communication between the I.A.E.A. and the
United States on North Korea - the agency has been
largely frozen out of the little new intelligence
that the United States has gathered about North
Korea's activities since inspectors left. One
senior official of the agency said that was to be
expected because "without inspectors in North
Korea, there's not much we could do with the
intelligence."
Dr. ElBaradei's assessment, in the same week that
he raised new questions about whether Iran might
be hiding elements of its nuclear program, frames
the two most urgent proliferation threats. While
Mr. Bush, who said last year that he would not
"tolerate" a nuclear-armed North Korea, has
avoided public discussion of its apparently
expanding nuclear capacity, the subject clearly
concerns his aides.
But there have been a few hints of those worries.
In September, just before the presidential
election, a senior administration official with
access to the highest level intelligence told The
New York Times that there was satellite evidence
indicating that North Korea was preparing to
conduct a nuclear test. The statement appeared to
be an effort to warn North Korea and China, the
North Koreans' main economic lifeline, not to
interfere with the election by proceeding with the
test. Soon after, activity at the suspected test
site diminished, though experts here in Vienna say
their own examination of other satellite imagery
suggests that a test is still a strong
possibility.
In interviews, officials here said that if their
assessment was correct, North Korea now had six or
more "bomb cores." But it is unclear whether those
cores have been made into weapons. Either way, the
officials said, North Korea's action could
complicate the inspection process if the North
agreed to disarm.
"This is going to be a nightmare if we don't have
full cooperation and full access" throughout the
country, said Pierre Goldschmidt, who directs the
department of safeguards at the nuclear agency,
which is responsible for inspections.
With so much material now produced, he said, North
Korea has had time to disperse it around the
country and conceal it. "It will almost be an
impossible job," he said.
But he said the agency had already developed a
plan in case talks between North Korea and five
other nations - China, the United States, South
Korea, Japan and Russia - resulted in a deal to
allow inspectors back into the country. That plan
calls for far more intrusive inspections than any
the agency has conducted before. Mr. Goldschmidt
said that even with full cooperation by the North
Koreans, completing the inspections could take
several years.
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3 Guardian Unlimited: S. Korean President Visits Iraq Troops
From the Associated Press
[UP]
Wednesday December 8, 2004 10:16 AM
SEOUL, South Korea (AP) - President Roh Moo-hyun made a surprise
visit Wednesday to northern Iraq where 3,600 South Korean troops
are helping rebuild the violence-wracked country, his office
said.
The visit came the same day a parliamentary committee approved a
government proposal to extend the deployment of South Korean
troops in Iraq for another year. The bill must be approved by a
plenary session of the National Assembly, which convenes
Thursday.
The government decided last month to extend the troop deployment
until the end of 2005.
The president was on his way home from a trip to France when he
stopped over in the Kurdish town of Irbil to cheer soldiers
there, Roh's spokesman Lee Byung-wan said in a statement.
``The purpose of the visit is clear. It is to cheer Zaytun,''
Lee said, referring to a code name for the South Korean troops'
operation in Iraq, which means ``olive'' in Arabic.
Roh's visit to Irbil was planned before his departure last month
on a trip including stops in Laos, Britain, Poland and France,
Lee said.
No other details were immediately available on Roh's visit to
Iraq. He was to return to South Korea early Thursday.
South Korea, a key ally of the United States, has portrayed the
troop deployment as a way of strengthening ties with Washington
and winning U.S. support for a peaceful end to the standoff over
North Korea's nuclear activity.
Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2004
*****************************************************************
4 YWS: (LEAD) U.S. Nuclear Negotiator to Arrive in Seoul for Strategy Talks
YONHAPNEWS WORLD SERVICE::ENGLISH NEWS
Thursday, December 09, 2004
[http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/] ..
2004/12/08 15:53 KST
By Chang Jae-soon
SEOUL, Dec. 8 (Yonhap) -- A U.S. nuclear negotiator met his
South Korean counterpart in Seoul on Wednesday to discuss how to
persuade North Korea back to the negotiating table on its
nuclear program.
Cho Tae-yong(L) and Joseph DeTrani
"I hope we will resume these talks very quickly," Amb. Joseph
DeTrani said at the start of his meeting with Cho Tae-yong, head
of the South Korean Foreign Ministry's task force on the nuclear
problem.
*****************************************************************
5 [CMEP] Energy Report Dominated by Industry Interests; Nuke
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 2004 16:54:39 -0600 (CST)
***please forward widely***
***apologies for cross-posting***
This email contains two press releases.
============================================
* P R E S S R E L E A S E *
Dec. 8, 2004
Contact: Tyson Slocum (202) 454-5191
Erica Hartman (202) 454-5174
Commission That Produced "Bipartisan" Energy Report Dominated by
Industry Interests, Produced Wish List for Energy Companies
Statement by Wenonah Hauter, Director, Public Citizen's
Critical Mass Energy and Environment Program
Congress and the public should read the National Commission on Energy
Policy's report (released today) with a critical eye and should not be
fooled by a false "bipartisan and independent" label. The reality is
that this panel was dominated by energy industry interests. It is no
surprise that the policies embraced in today's report represent a wish
list for energy companies and coal in the stockings for America's
consumers and the environment.
The commission bows to the electricity industry's interests by
supporting an increase in coal fueled electric power while opposing a
federal renewable energy standard - despite the fact that such a clean
power standard has already been adopted by 18 states.
The report readily admits that cost, safety, security, waste and
proliferation risks are all "substantial" barriers to expanding nuclear
power. Yet, with the energy giant Exelon's chief executive as the co
chair of the panel, the commission dismisses these issues as easily
resolved and recommends throwing another $2 billion at the industry.
And the report is silent on the failure of energy deregulation to
provide lower prices and a cleaner environment, as it fails to endorse
strong new regulations of the energy industry that are necessary to
protect consumers from continued market manipulation.
The energy industry's influence on the commission also is apparent in
the report's recommendation that the law be changed to ensure that
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) - and not states - has
exclusive jurisdiction over onshore liquefied natural gas (LNG)
facilities. This controversial recommendation is the subject of a
lawsuit brought by the state of California against FERC asserting that
states and local communities should have adequate say over the siting
and permitting of these controversial projects. (Congress slipped
language into the recent appropriations bill saying that FERC can
pre-empt states on LNG facility siting, but lawmakers didn't go so far
as to change the law.)
And the report's message on the critical need for improvements in fuel
economy and reductions in harmful vehicle-related greenhouse gas
emissions is mixed at best. While the report says that meaningful
increases in fuel economy standards of 10-20 miles per gallon are
feasible, it fails to include a target number or time frame.
And while it concedes that the safety concerns related to fuel economy
are properly viewed as a thing of the past because of new advances in
technology and the advent of hybrids, it advocates a "credit trading"
program (allowing automakers that exceed fuel economy standards to trade
"credits" to those that do not) that is political pie-in-the-sky. The
enormous advantage foreign manufacturers have over the domestics means
that Detroit would likely resist any such program.
Overall, the results are not surprising. The commission was dominated
by individuals with significant financial interests in major energy
corporations, presenting clear conflicts of interest. Among the
commission members: John Rowe, president and CEO of Exelon, the largest
nuclear power plant operator in the U.S.; Linda Gillespie Stuntz, a
corporate lobbyist for the energy industry; and Archie Dunham, chairman
of ConocoPhillips, a company that has spent $5.7 million since 2001
lobbying the government on energy policy.
Despite touting themselves as a diverse group of interests, the
16-member commission includes only one person classified as a consumer
advocate, who is also the former chair of a state utility commission, ,
while 10 of the members have direct, financial ties to energy
corporations. This is certainly welcome and desperately needed, but a
solo voice for consumer interests is insufficient.
###
Public Citizen is a national, nonprofit consumer advocacy organization
based in Washington, D.C. For more information, please visit
www.citizen.org.
============================================
* P R E S S R E L E A S E *
PUBLIC CITIZEN * NUCLEAR INFORMATION AND RESOURCE SERVICE * BLUE RIDGE
ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE LEAGUE
For Immediate Release: December 7, 2004
Contact: Michele Boyd, PC (202) 454-5134
Paul Gunter, NIRS (202) 328-0002
Lou Zeller, BREDL (336) 982-2691
Nuclear Agency Ignores True Impact of New Reactors
New Environmental Analysis Doesnt Consider Nuclear Waste, Terrorism,
or Need for Power
LOUISA, Va. The draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) released
today for a permit to site at least one new nuclear reactor at
Dominions North Anna site in Virginia is incomplete and does not
consider many important issues normally examined in an EIS, according to
Public Citizen, the Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League (BREDL), and
the Nuclear Information and Resource Service (NIRS).
Dominion has applied for an Early Site Permit (ESP), which would allow
the company to bank the site for 20 years, during which time it
can choose a reactor type and apply for a combined construction and
operating license. The draft EIS based on Dominions application was
released by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), which has
recommended that the permit be issued.
The NRC made their preliminary recommendation despite unresolved
questions about the impacts on the lake and the fishery, said Wenonah
Hauter, director of Public Citizens Energy Program. Moreover,
critical issues related to the safety, security, and consumer protection
are not even allowed to be addressed.
Specifically, the draft EIS does not examine the effect of increased
production of nuclear waste absent a comprehensive national strategy for
dealing with it. Nor does it consider a host of security issues
associated with deploying more atomic reactors as potential targets of
terrorism concentrated at a site only 60 miles from Washington, DC.
NRC has deliberately turned a blind eye to ignore the most troubling
environmental problems with a new generation of reactors, said Paul
Gunter, director of the Reactor Watchdog Project at NIRS. The fact
that there is no scientifically accepted plan for the new nuclear waste
that would be generated reveals NRC and Dominions dangerous tunnel
vision.
The need for power was also ignored in the EIS. Under the National
Environmental Policy Act, an EIS is required to contain an analysis of
alternatives to the proposed action, such as the need for power. The
draft EIS for North Anna does not include this information.
Technically, this should not be considered an EIS because it fails
to demonstrate that we need more power. How can anyone make a sound
judgment when none of the vital and necessary information has been
collected or scrutinized? said Lou Zeller, a Community Organizer with
BREDL.
Pursuant to Virginia law, and pending approval of the North Carolina
Utilities Commission, Dominion will join the PJM interconnection on or
around January 1, 2005. PJM is the largest regional transmission
organization (RTO) in the U.S., and currently coordinates the movement
of electricity in all or parts of Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky,
Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia,
West Virginia and the District of Columbia.
By allowing Dominion to join PJM, Virginia residents can expect two
outcomes:
* It becomes far easier, and in fact more likely that Dominion will
export the electricity generated by power plants in Virginia, including
new reactors at North Anna, to other states such as New Jersey where
electricity prices are twice as high as Virginia and revenues will be
greater. In other words, the primary benefit of new reactorsmore
electricitywill be enjoyed by others while the costs and risks will
be borne by Virginians.
* Under federal law, Dominion may be able to merge with any company
that is a PJM member regardless of their geographic location. Normally,
an electric utility must have a service area that is contiguous.
Members of PJM operate from as far away as Illinois. If Dominion merges
with another company from outside the area, control of North Annas
existing and possible new reactors may be headquartered elsewhere,
removing needed local control and accountability.
Dominion wants to build these new reactors in Virginia, but the
benefit will go to states in the Northeast or Midwest, said Hauter.
Dominions actions betray their words: they are not interested in
lowering Virginians electricity bills or improving its service.
RTOs often lead to higher electricity rates, and the federal Energy
Information Administration acknowledges that for the foreseeable future,
nuclear power will cost more than other forms of generation, including
wind.
Public Citizen, the Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League (BREDL),
and the Nuclear Information and Resource Service (NIRS) are involved in
an intervention against the possible plant expansion. Despite the narrow
scope of issues that can be discussed during the siting review, the
groups have successfully raised several arguments, or contentions,
in their legal intervention. An NRC administrative judicial panel in
July admitted questions about the new reactors impact on the lakes
striped bass population to a hearing in the fall of 2005. Ten other
contentions related to public safety, security and environmental
protection were thrown out because NRC deemed them outside the scope of
its streamlined review.
###
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6 [NukeNet] NYT: New Energy Report Promotes Nukes
Date: Wed, 08 Dec 2004 16:08:02 -0800
December 8, 2004
Report on Energy Impasse, With Some Improbable Views
By MATTHEW L. WALD
ASHINGTON, Dec. 7 - In an attempt to break a deadlock on energy policy, a
diverse group of environmentalists, academics and former government
officials will publish a report on Wednesday that presents strategies for
making the country cleaner, more competitive and less vulnerable to energy
shocks.
The strategies, intended to be the basis for action by Congress, include
policies that are generally anathema to at least some of the constituencies
represented by members of the group.
It says the government should force increases in efficiency in cars and
electrical equipment, stimulate global oil production, regulate greenhouse
gas emissions with a trading system, rapidly expand a new method of burning
coal and explore a revival of nuclear power.
The $5 million, two-year private study, titled "Ending the Energy
Stalemate," is intended to be a package-deal blueprint, akin to a Ford
Foundation report 30 years ago that first suggested vehicle mileage
standards and a national petroleum reserve.
"There are people in this group who would not have endorsed one part if not
for corresponding parts," said William K. Reilly, a co-chairman of the
study and administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency under the
first President George Bush in the late 1980's and early 90's. "I'm a
lifelong conservationist," Mr. Reilly said, "and 10 or 12 years ago would
not have imagined myself advancing the future of coal."
The group, the National Commission on Energy Policy, was financed by the
Hewlett Foundation and other private sources. John P. Holdren, a professor
of environmental policy at Harvard and also a co-chairman, said that with
the pressures of the presidential election over, the combination of high
prices for oil and natural gas and "the way things evolved in Iraq" might
make the country "more ready in principle for this sort of package."
The third co-chairman was John W. Rowe, chairman of Exelon, a big power
company; members of the group included R. James Woolsey, a former director
of central intelligence, and Martin B. Zimmerman, a vice president of Ford.
The group's report suggests sharp increases in fuel economy requirements,
and letting automakers buy and sell mileage credits in much the same way
utilities now trade the right to emit pollution. It calls for a similar
cap-and-trade system for limiting greenhouse gas emissions, with a price
limit on the value of a ton of emissions, to avoid stunting economic growth.
The group advocates spending $2 billion to build one or two sample nuclear
reactors using advanced technology. It also supports building electricity
plants that cook coal to produce combustible gases, which are then burned
in turbines like those used at natural gas plants. This approach leaves
open the possibility that carbon dioxide can be captured to prevent global
warming.
The study gives short shrift to several perennial ideas on energy.
Hydrogen, championed by the current President Bush in the 2003 State of the
Union speech, fails on at least two of the four criteria the commission
said a new technology should have: being compatible with the existing
distribution infrastructure, and being competitive with gasoline by 2020.
The commission cited an estimate by the National Academy of Sciences that
full development of hydrogen technology is 50 years away.
It was not enthusiastic about corn ethanol, because its potential to
replace gasoline is limited and the reduction of carbon dioxide is modest.
And it costs twice what gasoline does, the report said. Another
possibility, the authors said, was an emerging technology, ethanol made
from the woody part of plants.
The report also did not stress ordering electric companies to buy more
power from solar and wind plants and other renewable sources. Eighteen
states have renewable energy standards, specifying a quotas for such
sources; Colorado voters approved one in last month's election.
Copyright 2004 The New York Times Company
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7 New York Times: Report on Energy Impasse, With Some Improbable Views
By MATTHEW L. WALD
Published: December 8, 2004
[W] ASHINGTON, Dec. 7 - In an attempt to break a deadlock on
energy policy, a diverse group of environmentalists, academics
and former government officials will publish a report on
Wednesday that presents strategies for making the country
cleaner, more competitive and less vulnerable to energy shocks.
The strategies, intended to be the basis for action by Congress,
include policies that are generally anathema to at least some of
the constituencies represented by members of the group.
It says the government should force increases in efficiency in
cars and electrical equipment, stimulate global oil production,
regulate greenhouse gas emissions with a trading system, rapidly
expand a new method of burning coal and explore a revival of
nuclear power.
The $5 million, two-year private study, titled "Ending the
Energy Stalemate," is intended to be a package-deal blueprint,
akin to a Ford Foundation report 30 years ago that first
suggested vehicle mileage standards and a national petroleum
reserve.
"There are people in this group who would not have endorsed one
part if not for corresponding parts," said William K. Reilly, a
co-chairman of the study and administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency under the first President George Bush in the
late 1980's and early 90's. "I'm a lifelong conservationist,"
Mr. Reilly said, "and 10 or 12 years ago would not have imagined
myself advancing the future of coal."
The group, the National Commission on Energy Policy, was
financed by the Hewlett Foundation and other private sources.
John P. Holdren, a professor of environmental policy at Harvard
and also a co-chairman, said that with the pressures of the
presidential election over, the combination of high prices for
oil and natural gas and "the way things evolved in Iraq" might
make the country "more ready in principle for this sort of
package."
The third co-chairman was John W. Rowe, chairman of Exelon, a
big power company; members of the group included R. James
Woolsey, a former director of central intelligence, and Martin
B. Zimmerman, a vice president of Ford.
The group's report suggests sharp increases in fuel economy
requirements, and letting automakers buy and sell mileage
credits in much the same way utilities now trade the right to
emit pollution. It calls for a similar cap-and-trade system for
limiting greenhouse gas emissions, with a price limit on the
value of a ton of emissions, to avoid stunting economic growth.
The group advocates spending $2 billion to build one or two
sample nuclear reactors using advanced technology. It also
supports building electricity plants that cook coal to produce
combustible gases, which are then burned in turbines like those
used at natural gas plants. This approach leaves open the
possibility that carbon dioxide can be captured to prevent
global warming.
The study gives short shrift to several perennial ideas on
energy. Hydrogen, championed by the current President Bush in
the 2003 State of the Union speech, fails on at least two of the
four criteria the commission said a new technology should have:
being compatible with the existing distribution infrastructure,
and being competitive with gasoline by 2020. The commission
cited an estimate by the National Academy of Sciences that full
development of hydrogen technology is 50 years away.
It was not enthusiastic about corn ethanol, because its
potential to replace gasoline is limited and the reduction of
carbon dioxide is modest. And it costs twice what gasoline does,
the report said. Another possibility, the authors said, was an
emerging technology, ethanol made from the woody part of plants.
The report also did not stress ordering electric companies to
buy more power from solar and wind plants and other renewable
sources. Eighteen states have renewable energy standards,
specifying a quotas for such sources; Colorado voters approved
one in last month's election.
Copyright 2004 The New York Times Company
*****************************************************************
8 North Lake Tahoe Bonanza - Opinion: When whistles blow and no one hears
December 8, 2004
Ed Gurowitz
Even before the official start of the administration's second
term, there are signs pointing to the possibility of hostility
toward legitimate dissent in the coming four years. This goes
beyond the ongoing campaign by the right to paint those who
disagree with them on the war, abortion, gay marriage, and stem
cell research as unpatriotic, anti-God, and worse, and it goes
beyond the Religious Right calling in chits for its supposed role
in re-electing the President. CBS and NBC have refused to run an
ad by the United Church of Christ affirming its policy of
welcoming all, including gays, and government employees who would
act to protect the public are being systematically suppressed.
Earle Dixon, a Carson City resident, was the project manager for
hazardous waste management and compliance at the Anaconda Mine in
Yerington. Anaconda is an abandoned copper mine covering some
3,600 acres, where acid run-off and waste rock containing uranium
and other toxic metals have been disposed of in unlined ponds.
The mine has had numerous owners, and half of its land is on
public property managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM).
Dixon worked for the BLM coordinating with a number of agencies.
He was fired by BLM Nevada director Bob Abbey on Oct. 5, after
less than a year on the job. According to Dixon's complaint in a
federal whistleblower suit against the BLM, he had presented
Abbey with mounting evidence of contamination and worker
exposure.
If Dixon's case were singular, we might ignore it; unfortunately
it is far from unique. Organizations such as the Project on
Government Oversight have documented case after case of
whistleblowers being threatened and suppressed by the agencies
they work for, and the Federal Whistleblower Protection Act has
been so weakened by what the administration would characterize in
other contexts as "activist judges," that it is almost more
dangerous than if there were no such law - it provides an
appearance of protection where there is none, effectively luring
whistleblowers out into the open where they can be picked off.
There are bills under consideration in congress to fix the act,
but the White House is actively attempting to stall this
legislation to let it die. Federal courts have found major
loopholes in the present Act's protection and have set a standard
of "irrefutable proof" that is impossible for whistleblowers to
meet.
This ruthless suppression of those who would attempt to protect
the public is not limited to environmental causes. It was a
whistleblower, Coleen Rowley (Time Magazine's 2002 co-Person of
the Year), who exposed the FBI's failure to heed clear evidence
of terrorist plots before 9/11, yet this administration has
systematically attacked whistleblowers, including in the FBI.
Robert Wright, an FBI Special Agent, reported weakness in his
antiterrorism unit, and was met with investigations aimed at
silencing or discrediting him.
Richard Levernier reported serious security problems at nuclear
weapons sites and was stripped of his security clearance,
effectively ending his employment. And these are just two
examples among many.
It takes enormous courage for anyone to step forward and make
incompetence and malfeasance public, particularly in government
agencies. Doing so is unlikely to be met with approval and they
can expect to be attacked and vilified by those at whom their
fingers are pointed. Yet few would deny that Coleen Rowley and
others have done an enormous public service with little or no
expectation of personal reward. As Ms. Rowley and others told
Congress recently, "It is unrealistic to expect that government
workers will defend the public if they can't defend themselves."
As the president populates his new cabinet with yes-people and
the extreme right moves to suppress any public discussion of
issues it finds disagreeable, it is more important than ever that
the protective devices that have been built into our system over
the years be themselves protected and strengthened. Remember, to
paraphrase the great Conservative Edmund Burke, all that is
necessary for evil to triumph is for good people to do nothing.
If you are interested in learning more about this, I recommend
the website of Public Employees for Environmental Responsible
(PEER), www.peer.org [http://www.peer.org] .
All contents © Copyright 2004 tahoebonanza.com
North Lake Tahoe Bonanza - 925 Tahoe Blvd., Suite 206 -
Incline Village, NV 89452
*****************************************************************
9 WorldNetDaily: Those nattering neo-cons
SATURDAY DECEMBER 4 2004
© 2004 WorldNetDaily.com
On Dec. 18, 2003, Iran signed an Additional Protocol to their
Safeguards Agreement with the International Atomic Energy
Agency. Although not required to do so until the Iranian
Parliament "ratifies" it, Iran volunteered to act "in accordance
with the provisions of the Additional Protocol, as a
confidence-building measure."
The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty requires all signatories
not already having nuclear weapons to negotiate and conclude a
Safeguards Agreement with the IAEA, with a view to preventing
diversion of "source or special fissionable material" – whether
it is being produced, processed or used in any principal nuclear
facility or outside any such facility – from peaceful uses to
nuclear weapons.
The IAEA employs periodic on-site inspections and continuous
on-site monitoring to verify the correctness of signatories'
reports of "declared" nuclear material and activities.
At the end of the Persian Gulf War, the IAEA discovered that its
inspections of "declared" sites were insufficient to detect
clandestine nuclear programs at other sites. It turned out that
Iraq had a multi-billion dollar broad-based "undeclared" program
to enrich uranium that had gone undetected.
So, to increase the IAEA's capability for detecting such
clandestine programs, the international community developed the
Model Additional Protocol. This protocol – which enhances the
authority of the IAEA-NPT Safeguards regime – is to be used as a
"model" for an Additional Protocol, to amend each existing IAEA
Safeguards agreement.
The Additional Protocol provides for much easier access and far
greater transparency to nuclear programs and nuclear-related
activities, enabling the IAEA not only to verify the
non-diversion of "declared" nuclear material, but also to
provide assurances of the absence of undeclared nuclear material
and of any prohibited activities in a state.
In particular, the original Safeguards Agreement merely required
the disclosure of information on new facilities handling
safeguarded nuclear materials a few months before the nuclear
materials were actually introduced. The Additional Protocol now
requires disclosure of that design information as soon as
Iranian authorities decide to construct, authorize construction
or modify such a facility. From then on, the IAEA has the
continuing right to verify the design and construction
information over the facility's lifecycle, including
decommissioning.
The Additional Protocol also provides for "voluntary reporting
on imports and exports of nuclear material and exports of
specified equipment and non-nuclear material."
Last week, the IAEA Board of Governors heard a progress report
from Director General Mohamed ElBaradei, whereupon the board
passed a unanimous IAEA resolution on the implementation of its
Safeguards Agreement with Iran.
The board noted "specifically the director general's assessment
that all the declared nuclear material in Iran has been
accounted for, and that such material is not diverted to
prohibited activities."
And, while recognizing "the right of states to the development
and practical application of atomic energy for peaceful
purposes" and recognizing that it was "a voluntary, non-legally
binding confidence-building measure," the board welcomed "the
fact that Iran has decided to continue and extend its suspension
of all enrichment-related and reprocessing activities"
Needless to say, the IAEA resolution – essentially praising Iran
for its unprecedented cooperation – wasn't praised by the
neo-crazies.
In fact, the New York Times reported that the U.S.
representative to the IAEA , Jackie Sanders, at a meeting of the
board last week, raised questions about Iranian efforts to
obtain equipment "in the nuclear military area" and demanded a
specific list of Iran's purchases "so we can make our own
decisions about Iran's intentions."
But recall that the Additional Protocol merely provides for
"voluntary" reporting of certain imports and exports.
Furthermore, it requires the IAEA to take into account "the need
to avoid hampering the economic and technological development of
Iran" and "to take every precaution to protect commercial,
technological and industrial secrets as well as other
confidential information coming to its knowledge."
To that end, the IAEA "shall maintain a stringent regime to
ensure effective protection against disclosure of commercial,
technological and industrial secrets and other confidential
information coming to its knowledge, including such information
coming to the agency's knowledge in the implementation of this
Protocol."
Sanders is apparently demanding that ElBaradei provide her the
list of imports Iran has voluntarily provided him in confidence.
She wants to overrule the IAEA Board's "inaction" and take
Iran's alleged nuke program directly to the U.N. Security
Council.
ElBaradei came close to thwarting the neo-crazies' invasion of
Iraq last year. He may well thwart their invasion of Iran next
year.
He might as well. Whatever he does, the neo-crazies will see to
it he doesn't get appointed for another term.
Physicist James Gordon Prather has served as a policy
implementing official for national security-related technical
matters in the Federal Energy Agency, the Energy Research and
Development Administration, the Department of Energy, the Office
of the Secretary of Defense and the Department of the Army. Dr.
Prather also served as legislative assistant for national
security affairs to U.S. Sen. Henry Bellmon, R-Okla. -- ranking
member of the Senate Budget Committee and member of the Senate
Energy Committee and Appropriations Committee. Dr. Prather had
earlier worked as a nuclear weapons physicist at Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory in California and Sandia National
Laboratory in New Mexico.
[gprather@worldnetdaily.com] | GO TO GORDON PRATHER'S ARCHIVE
© 2004 WorldNetDaily.com, Inc.
*****************************************************************
10 Bellona: Norway implements tax incentives for hydrogen-fuel cell vehicles
The Norwegian government has proposed an incentive involving the
removal of vehicle taxes–including registration fees and annual
taxes for hydrogen fuel powered vehicles be removed as of January
1st next year. The issue under discussion by Norwegian parliament
and only minor formalities remain in the political process,
officials said.
Bellona's Isak Oksvold takes Opel's hydrogen car for a spin.
Hanne Bakke/Bellona
Bent Isak Ramberg Oksvold, 2004-12-08 12:58
The new Norwegian tax incentives for hydrogen fuel cell based
transport could serve as a model for other countries in Europe
and worldwide hoping to pursue the emissions-free technology, a
move Bellona strongly encourages.
Bellona's vision for the hydrogen society
In this policy paper, Bellona addresses the opportunities and
challenges facing the transition to an economy driven by clean
energy.
Jump to working papers »
[http://www.bellona.no/en/27317.html#32457]
The proposal to remove repeal taxed for hydrogen cell fuel
vehicles was made by the Norwegian government as a result of
steady and continuous pressure from NGOs, such as Bellona as
well as well as recommendations from the government’s official
working group formed to develop a national hydrogen programme.
A history of zero-taxes on zero-emissions
Norway already has a strong history of tax incentives for cars
running on alternative energy sources such as electricity. In
1990, registration taxes were removed for electric cars. Shortly
thereafter, in 1996, annual vehicle taxation, road tolls were
scrapped for them. In 2001, their Value Added Tax (VAT) was also
removed.
These tax incentives have made the use of electric cars in
Norway more attractive, but perhaps the strongest boost in
driver demand came for them in 2003 when electric cars were
given the right to drive in bus lanes, the prohibition of which
is a constant headache and source of traffic snarls for drivers
of standard cars.
Reducing barriers for commercialisation
The Ford Focus 1,8 l and Opel Zafira 1,6 l —which are similar to
the Ford Focus FCV and the Opel Zafira HyGen3—fetch
approximately EUR 10,500 in tax-benefits. The FCHV-4, which is a
larger vehicle from Toyota, gets a total tax slash in Norway of
EUR 23,000. Norwegian vehicle taxes are calculated, in order of
importance, on the bases of vehicle weight, engine capacity and
engine power.
At current, these tax incentives for hydrogen cars make little
difference in comparison to the cost of present hydrogen cars
and the lack of infrastructure to support them. But as the
market for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles grows and manufacturing
costs are reduced, the tax incentives will play an important
role in their commercialisation.
In this sense, Norway could become a large-scale testing ground
for large, powerful hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
Norwegian industry is also fertile territory from a hydrogen
industry point of view, as the proposal for a national hydrogen
programme is strongly focused on clean hydrogen production from
fossil fuels.
European NGOs: Assessing Pathways to The Hydrogen Economy
European NGOs are finally discussing hydrogen and the
controversial subject of carbon capture and storage, known as C.
Bellona, which has been a promoter of C as a possible bridge to
a hydrogen society, sees the debate as a step in the right
direction.
Read on »
[http://www.bellona.no/en/energy/31361.html]
Securing a hydrogen supply from clean fossil fuels—a long way to
go but worth the trip
For several years, a debate has simmered in Norway over whether
to build gas fired power plants with carbon dioxide-capture and
storage or to build conventional power plants, which emit carbon
dioxide. One energy company, Hammerfest Energi, has announced
the construction of the first power plant with carbon dioxide
capture and storage, scheduled to go on line in 2007.
The availability of renewable energy for hydrogen production is
scarce, to be sure, and renewables have a long way to go before
they can significantly contribute clean energy to both the
stationary power market and the transportation sector.
Carbon dioxide-capture technology can be applied via large scale
reforming of fossil fuels into hydrogen. In this way, the supply
of hydrogen can be secured with fossil fuels without
contributing to climate change.
Publisher: Bellona Foundation [bellona@bellona.no] ,
President: Frederic Hauge [frederic@bellona.no]
Information: info@bellona.no [info@bellona.no] , Technical
contact: webmaster@bellona.no [webmaster@bellona.no]
Telephone: +47 23 23 46 00 Telefax: +47 22 38 38 62 * P.O.Box
2141 Grunerlokka, 0505 Oslo, Norway
*****************************************************************
11 BBC: Musharraf thrives on US support
Last Updated: Wednesday, 8 December, 2004
By Aamer Ahmed Khan BBC News, Karachi
Pakistani leader Gen Pervez Musharraf is concluding an extensive
tour of the Americas and Europe in circumstances vastly different
from his first official visit to a Western nation about five
years ago.
[President Musharraf]
Musharraf - boosted at home by praise from President Bush
Then, Western governments widely saw him as a military dictator
following his 1999 coup - his ideological and political moorings
were deemed suspect.
Now, he is seen more as a constitutional president who is a
trusted ally and a close personal friend of many Western leaders.
The transition has been anything but smooth, especially in the
context of US-Pakistan relations.
From concerted attacks against US installations and Western
citizens based in Pakistan to nuclear proliferation concerns to
deep-rooted suspicions between intelligence officials of the two
countries, the evolution in Gen Musharraf's status has weathered
many storms.
'Out of control'
Many observers feel the only thing that has carried this
relationship through is the Musharraf government's success in
containing what was a developing relationship between militant
sectarian outfits operating out of Pakistan and senior figures
within al-Qaeda.
Gen Musharraf's role in t US-led war on terror was the only area
that earned him unqualified praise from President Bush during his
recent visit to Washington
"There was a time when the situation could have spiralled out of
control," a senior police official deeply involved in anti-terror
investigations told BBC News.
"We were shocked at the lateral as well as vertical spread of
Pakistani terrorist outfits."
According to these officials, Pakistani authorities had little
knowledge of the links that Pakistan's sectarian organisations
such as Lashkar-e-Jhangvi had established with al-Qaeda members
slipping down from Afghanistan until the kidnapping and murder of
Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.
The extent and nature of these links came to light during
investigations into Pearl's killing.
Officials say that soon after Pearl's death, Pakistani
authorities found themselves confronted with a spectre of an
alliance between al-Qaeda and local sectarian organisations.
"Had their links matured and prospered, it would have taken the
war on terror into the country's streets and back alleys, making
it impossible for the government to control the situation," says
a senior government official.
'Local issue'
Aided by state-of-the-art counter-espionage technology provided
by the United States, Pakistani authorities started to focus on
killing or capturing sectarian militants.
[Daniel
Pearl in shackles] Pearl's killing
brought attention to Pakistan's al-Qaeda problem
This has been regarded by Washington as "a local issue" in which
the US was extremely reluctant to get directly involved.
Over the past year, key militants in almost every sectarian
organisation have either been killed or driven out of action.
During the same period, bombings by militants have claimed more
than 200 civilian lives.
President Musharraf himself was lucky to survive two
assassination attempts within the space of a fortnight last year.
In contrast, Pakistan's drive against militants from Afghanistan
filtering into the border belt of Waziristan has been somewhat
less successful.
According to figures provided by Corps Commander Peshawar, Lt-Gen
Safdar Hussain, in 35 military operations up till October this
year, Pakistani military and paramilitary forces have killed 250
militants in Waziristan.
Nearly 600 have been captured. About 100 "hardcore militants" are
still said to be hiding out in Waziristan.
Pakistani forces have lost 175 men in the process, making it the
heaviest military losses for Pakistan since the brief conflict
with Indian forces in Kargil five years ago.
Concessions failure
That was perhaps why Gen Musharraf's role in the US-led war on
terror was the only area that earned him unqualified praise from
President George W Bush during a recent visit to Washington.
[Protesters in London]
Protesters in London during Musharraf's tour
While he failed to win concessions over any of the other issues
raised in his meeting with Mr Bush - textile export quotas to the
US, a refund of $4bn paid for F-16s over 10 years ago and third
party mediation in Kashmir - Gen Musharraf will not be
complaining.
Praise from a powerful ally, even if limited to one area of a
fairly wide-ranging relationship, was enough for many analysts in
Pakistan to bill Gen Musharraf's US visit a success.
The Karachi stock market rose more than 100 points in three days
in the wake of Mr Bush's laudatory remarks.
More importantly, it sent a powerful signal to Gen Musharraf's
opposition of the support that he still enjoys from one of the
three pillars that are said to prop Pakistani politics - Allah,
Army and America.
Observers are convinced that it is enough to blunt the
opposition's plans to generate protests against Gen Musharraf's
dual role as president and army chief.
The general's opposition, it seems, now has no option but to
concede that their adversary has returned from the US as a
powerful military leader who will remain in control despite what
it may mean for the future of democracy in Pakistan.
*****************************************************************
12 FT.com: Europe - Atomic attractions
By Brian Groom
Published: December 8 2004 02:00 | Last updated: December 8 2004
The Paris-based International Energy Agency has used
uncharacteristically strong language to warn Europe of the risks
of becoming over-dependent on Russian natural gas. With North Sea
supplies shrinking and the once abundant Lacq field in
south-western France long depleted, Europe will rely mainly on
Russia for about 80 per cent of its gas needs over the next 30
years.
Worse, it will become increasingly dependent on a single
powerful Russian monopolistic supplier, Gazprom, with every
interest in squeezing prices higher. Hence, the IEA's call for
urgent steps to diversify not only Europe's suppliers but supply
routes, currently heavily concentrated in Ukraine.
One solution is to increase foreign supplies of liquefied
natural gas and coal. But energy experts argue this would
constitute only a temporary alternative given electricity
consumption is expected to double by 2050 while CO2 emissions
will have to be reduced by half.
So it is hardly surprising to see a revival of interest in
nuclear energy. After Finland's decision to build Europe's first
new nuclear plant in more than a decade, France has now chosen
the first site for a new generation reactor to replace
eventually its 58 ageing nuclear plants.
Rather than campaigning to ensure the plant was built elsewhere,
French regions actively competed for the new reactor,
underlining the shift of sentiment. This too has prompted Paris
to partially privatise its nuclear champion Areva next year. The
atom is making a slow comeback.
[ height=] © Copyright The Financial Times Ltd 2004. "FT"
and "Financial Times" are trademarks of the Financial Times.
*****************************************************************
13 AFP: Pakistan test fires medium range nuclear-capable missile
[http://www.turkishpress.com/]
[http://www.anatolia.com]
12-08-2004, 05h58
ISLAMABAD (AFP) -
Pakistan successfully test fired a medium range nuclear-capable
ballistic missile, capable of hitting targets deep inside rival
India, the military said.
The Hatf-IV (Shaheen-1) missile which can hit targets up to 700
kilometers (437 miles) away was launched from an undisclosed
location, a military spokesman told AFP.
The test was Pakistan's second in 10 days. Pakistan and rival
India, who carried out tit-for-tat nuclear detonations in 1998,
both conduct regular missile launches.
"Pakistan today carried out a successful test fire of its
indigenously developed, medium range surface-to-surface ballistic
missile Hatf-IV (Shaheen-1)," the military said in a statement.
The test was to validate "additional technical parameters" of the
missile, which is already part of Pakistan's military inventory.
Foreign office spokesman Masood Khan said the launch was not
meant to send any message to India. The two countries are engaged
in a peace dialogue aimed at resolving all issues including the
disputed Himalayan state of Kashmir.
"It is not a signal to India. Maintaining our nuclear deterrence
is a national priority," Khan told AFP.
"Such tests are conducted periodically to validate technical
parameters of our missile tests."
The military said the recent missile tests were "indicative of
the government resolve to consolidate and strengthen Pakistan's
nuclear deterrence capability."
[http://www.afp.com/] Copyright © 2004
*****************************************************************
14 [NukeNet] Fwd: NRC Credibility on the Line
Date: Wed, 08 Dec 2004 16:08:07 -0800
Dr Harvin's letter says it all. Will the NRC show some backbone or not?
Norm
------- Forwarded message -------
From: Drkymn@aol.com
To: sjc1@nrc.gov, ARB@nrc.gov, ewc@nrc.gov, cfh@nrc.gov
Subject: NRC Credibility on the Line
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 2004 15:04:17 EST
Mr. Sam Collins, Mr. Randall Blough, Mr. Eugene Cobey, Mr. Cornelius
Holden:
Sam, Randy, Gene, Cornelius,
This is a letter I wish I did not feel compelled to write.
In the days since the December 4, 2004, public meeting with PSEG, I have
spoken with Congressional aides, government leaders, reporters, watchdogs,
area
residents, and people from Salem/Hope Creek.
I've not heard of anyone who was satisfied with the public meeting, the
NRC's
scrutiny of PSEG's presentation and statements, and the discussion of the
safety and equipment issues at Hope Creek.
Much is at stake in the coming weeks as you now contemplate what actions to
take, specifically related to the restart of the Hope Creek nuclear
reactor.
I want to make this clear in my "straight talk" fashion: The NRC's
credibility is publicly and fully on the line.
I am saying to you, gentlemen, what I said publicly to PSEG Nuclear's Chief
Nuclear Officer Chris Bakken: Changing out the B recirculation pump at
Hope
Creek is a "no brainer." There have been so many issues with that pump
for so
long that to postpone repairs for another cycle is ludicrous. Much like
metrics, engineering reports can be written to support any position.
Don't fall
prey to the company's agenda.
PSEG blew its chance to take a giant step forward in "walking the talk" of
safety over production, regaining trust of employees, the public, the
industry,
Wall Street and other stakeholders. Instead a critical equipment repair
was
postponed....again. The company's credibility--and its admittedly weak
safety
culture--has suffered as a result. The already beleaguered site now has an
even steeper climb as a result of actions by PSEG's highest corporate
officers.
The dedicated employees of Salem and Hope Creek deserve better...as do we
all.
Now, we turn to the NRC...to you, gentlemen...for action that will demand
Safety First and require the repair of this equipment and the collateral
damage
it has caused before Hope Creek restarts.
You have the opportunity to cause a giant step forward in how the NRC is
viewed...or a giant step backwards. The choice is yours.
When as a PSEG "whistleblower" I first met Hub Miller in September 2003, I
spoke of my desire to see the NRC regain the public's trust, not suffer
another
"black eye" like Millstone and Davis-Besse. I urge you to make this
reality.
Demonstrate beyond any one's doubt that you are, indeed, the public's
guardian. Compel
PSEG to replace Hope Creek's "B" recirculation pump. And confirm all
safety
systems are indeed working properly. Settle for nothing less than Safety
First.
Sincerely,
Nancy Kymn Harvin, Ph.D.
Recipient of the IEEE's Carl Barus Award for Outstanding Service in the
Public Interest
cell: 267 312 1252
cc: Congressional delegation--NJ, DE
NRC Commissioners and Chairman
NJ Dept. of Environmental Protection
NJ Board of Public Utilities
Governor's Office, NJ and DE
Bernard Kerik, Department of Homeland Security
Dr. Shirley Jackson
Interested stakeholders
--
Coalition for Peace and Justice
UNPLUG Salem Campaign; 321 Barr Ave, Linwood
NJ 08221; 609-601-8583; cell 609-742-0982
ncohen12@comcast.net; www.unplugsalem.org
_______________________________________________________________________
Subscribe/Unsubscribe Here: http://www.energyjustice.net/nukenet/
Change your settings at:
http://energyjustice.net/mailman/listinfo/nukenet_energyjustice.net
*****************************************************************
15 [DU-WATCH] new Chernobyl effects falsify radiation risk model
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 2004 01:14:31 -0600 (CST)
"north Sweden received ... fallout in the form of Uranium fuel particles."
new Chernobyl effects falsify radiation risk model
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[the parsing below is mine. I find that reorganising difficult material
into verses makes it easier to understand. If you find it irritating, the
block text is repeated below. Apologies to RB if necessary.
Adult cancer in sweden
Richard Bramhall
A study published by the British Medical Association in November
(Tondel 2004) shows an unexpected increase in adult cancers in
Sweden after Chernobyl.
A preliminary examination shows:- 1) The 849 extra cancers registered
in 9 post-accident years 1988 and 1996 (a 30% increase in incidence)
are at least 125 times the incidence predicted by ICRP on the basis
of Caesium doses.
This minimum figure is on the conservative assumption that the
effect is transient and that there will be no excess after 1996.
This is very unlikely. It is more likely that the effect is
representative of the distribution of risks throughout life, and
in this case the increase is more than 600 times greater than
expected.
If, as the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority is now saying
(BBC 2004), Most cancer cases dont develop until 20, 30 or 50 years
later (compare with the lifetime follow-up of Hiroshima survivors,
which shows a consistent upward trend) The excess will worsen and
the implied error in ICRPs modelling will be greater than 600.
We can see 600 as the central estimate.
(We will shortly add a page to www.llrc.org to show the calculation
of these figures.
Note that SRPA has previously estimated that in 50 years around 300
people in Sweden would be affected by the Chernobyl fallout [BBC
2004]) 2) The dose response trend calculated by Tondel on the basis
[that the pattern of] the level of Caesium deposition is biphasic,
not linear.
In other words it does not conform with the ICRP dogma that dose
and effect are always strictly proportional or "linear".
The Tondel study does not show twice as much dose causing twice as
much cancer.
Many observations show non-linear relationships like this - see,
for example, the summaries of papers from the Chernobyl affected
territories on www.llrc.org/chernobyl.htm.
3) The 30% increase conforms with predictions made by Chris Busby
in "Wings of Death" (Busby 1996) on the basis of cancer data in
Wales and England following weapons test fallout.
Further comment:
The doses given by Tondel et al.
are calculated from Caesium fallout.
This may mean nothing since Caesium is a gamma emitter which means
that its energy deposition (in the form of ionisations) is spatially
well distributed in tissue.
It is, moreover, soluble and does not form particles.
Its health effects are therefore likely to conform with the external
irradiation models.
However, it is well known that north Sweden received a large amount
of fallout in the form of Uranium fuel particles.
With diameters of less than a few millionths of a metre such particles
are highly mobile in the environment and they can be inhaled or
swallowed.
Once embedded in body tissue they deliver their energy so locally
that the few cells immediately next to them are irradiated at very
high energies while the rest of the body gets no dose at all.
This makes nonsense of the concept of "average dose"
another establishment dogma.
Childhood leukaemia after Chernobyl more evidence falsifying Cerrie.
Infant leukaemia increases after Chernobyl, according to the Cerrie
Majority Report, did not feed through into incidence beyond the
first year of life.
We have now obtained data from the whole of Wales and Scotland which
shows that this is wrong.
Plotting incidence in children up to the age of 9 shows that the
cohort born in 1986 88 has roughly 50% greater risk of leukaemia
compared to the pre-accident period.
We are preparing a paper for publication.
References
BBC News on-line 21st Nov 04 see Chernobyl caused Sweden cancers
Busby 1996 "Wings of Death: Nuclear Pollution and Human Health" Green
Audit, Aberystwyth 1995 ISBN: 1-897761-03-1
Martin Tondel, Peter Hjalmarsson, Lennart Hardell, Gvran Carlsson and Olav
Axelson Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2004;58:1011-1016
"Increase of regional total cancer incidence in north Sweden due to the
Chernobyl accident?" (abstract at
http://jech.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/abstract/58/12/1011
Richard Bramhall
Low Level Radiation Campaign
bramhall@llrc.org
The Knoll, Montpellier Park
Llandrindod Wells,
Powys LD1 5LW U.K.
+44(0)1597 824771
07887 942043
========================
Adult cancer in sweden
A study published by the British Medical Association in November (Tondel
2004) shows an unexpected increase in adult cancers in Sweden after
Chernobyl.
A preliminary examination shows:-
1) The 849 extra cancers registered in 9 post-accident years 1988 and 1996
(a 30% increase in incidence) are at least 125 times the incidence predicted
by ICRP on the basis of Caesium doses. This minimum figure is on the
conservative assumption that the effect is transient and that there will be
no excess after 1996. This is very unlikely. It is more likely that the
effect is representative of the distribution of risks throughout life, and
in this case the increase is more than 600 times greater than expected. If,
as the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority is now saying (BBC 2004),
Most cancer cases dont develop until 20, 30 or 50 years later (compare
with the lifetime follow-up of Hiroshima survivors, which shows a consistent
upward trend) the excess will worsen and the implied error in ICRPs
modelling will be greater than 600. We can see 600 as the central estimate.
(We will shortly add a page to www.llrc.org to show the calculation of these
figures. Note that SRPA has previously estimated that in 50 years around 300
people in Sweden would be affected by the Chernobyl fallout [BBC 2004])
2) The dose response trend calculated by Tondel on the basis of the various
level of Caesium deposition is biphasic, not linear. In other words it does
not conform with the ICRP dogma that dose and effect are always strictly
proportional or "linear". The Tondel study does not show twice as much dose
causing twice as much cancer. Many observations show non-linear
relationships like this - see, for example, the summaries of papers from the
Chernobyl affected territories on www.llrc.org/chernobyl.htm.
3) The 30% increase conforms with predictions made by Chris Busby in "Wings
of Death" (Busby 1996) on the basis of cancer data in Wales and England
following weapons test fallout.
Further comment:
The doses given by Tondel et al. are calculated from Caesium fallout. This
may mean nothing since Caesium is a gamma emitter which means that its
energy deposition (in the form of ionisations) is spatially well distributed
in tissue. It is, moreover, soluble and does not form particles. Its health
effects are therefore likely to conform with the external irradiation
models.
However, it is well known that north Sweden received a large amount of
fallout in the form of Uranium fuel particles. With diameters of less than a
few millionths of a metre such particles are highly mobile in the
environment and they can be inhaled or swallowed. Once embedded in body
tissue they deliver their energy so locally that the few cells immediately
next to them are irradiated at very high energies while the rest of the body
gets no dose at all. This makes nonsense of the concept of "average dose"
another establishment dogma.
Childhood leukaemia after Chernobyl more evidence falsifying Cerrie.
Infant leukaemia increases after Chernobyl, according to the Cerrie Majority
Report, did not feed through into incidence beyond the first year of life.
We have now obtained data from the whole of Wales and Scotland which shows
that this is wrong. Plotting incidence in children up to the age of 9 shows
that the cohort born in 1986 88 has roughly 50% greater risk of leukaemia
compared to the pre-accident period. We are preparing a paper for
publication.
References
BBC News on-line 21st Nov 04 see Chernobyl caused Sweden cancers
Busby 1996 "Wings of Death: Nuclear Pollution and Human Health" Green
Audit, Aberystwyth 1995 ISBN: 1-897761-03-1
Martin Tondel, Peter Hjalmarsson, Lennart Hardell, Gvran Carlsson and Olav
Axelson Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2004;58:1011-1016
"Increase of regional total cancer incidence in north Sweden due to the
Chernobyl accident?" (abstract at
http://jech.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/abstract/58/12/1011
Richard Bramhall
Low Level Radiation Campaign
bramhall@llrc.org
The Knoll, Montpellier Park
Llandrindod Wells,
Powys LD1 5LW U.K.
+44(0)1597 824771
07887 942043
===========================================
= == = = = = = = Tondel (2004) - abstract only = = = = = =
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2004;58:1011-1016
) 2004 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
RESEARCH REPORT
Increase of regional total cancer incidence
in north Sweden due to the Chernobyl accident?
Martin Tondel1, Peter Hjalmarsson1, Lennart Hardell2, Gvran Carlsson3 and
Olav Axelson1
1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of
Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkvping
University, Linkvping, Sweden
2 Department of Oncology, Vrebro University Hospital, Vrebro, Sweden
3 Department of Health Policy, Vdsternorrland County Council, Hdrnvsand,
Sweden
Correspondence to:
Dr M Tondel
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Molecular
and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkvping University, 581
85 Linkvping, Sweden;
Study objective:
Is there any epidemiologically visible influence
on the cancer incidence after the Chernobyl fallout in Sweden?
Design:
A cohort study was focused on
the fallout of caesium-137
in relation to cancer incidence 19881996.
Setting:
In northern Sweden,
affected by the Chernobyl accident in 1986,
450 parishes were categorised by caesium-137 deposition:
<3 (reference),
329, 3039, 4059, 6079, and 80120 kiloBecquerel/m2.
Participants:
All people 060 years living in these parishes
in 1986 to 1987 were identified and enrolled in
a cohort of 1 143 182 persons.
In the follow up
22 409 incident cancer cases were retrieved in 19881996
[an 8-year time period]
A further analysis focused on the secular trend.
[but was not abstracted here]
Main results:
Taking age and population density as confounding factors,
and lung cancer incidence in 19881996
and total cancer incidence in 19861987 by municipality
as proxy confounders for smoking and time trends, respectively,
the adjusted relative risks for the deposition categories were
1.00 (reference <3 kiloBecquerel/m2), 1.05, 1.03, 1.08, 1.10, and 1.21.
The excess relative risk was
0.11 per 100 kiloBecquerel/m2
(95% [Confidence Interval] 0.03 to 0.20).
Considering the secular trend,
directly age standardised
cancer incidence rate differences
per 100 000 person years
between 1988 to 1996
and the reference period 19861987,
were 30.3
(indicating a time trend in the reference category),
36.8, 42.0, 45.8, 50.1, and 56.4.
No clear excess occurred for leukaemia or thyroid cancer.
Conclusions: Unless attributable to chance
or remaining uncontrolled confounding,
a slight exposure related increase in total cancer incidence
has occurred in northern Sweden after the Chernobyl accident.
-- - - - - - - - - -
Keywords: ionising radiation; epidemiology; environment
Related articles in J Epidemiol Community Health:
The journal of the increasingly relevant
Carlos Alvarez-Dardet and John R Ashton
J Epidemiol Community Health 2004 58: 965. [Extract] [Full Text]
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16 Fwd: Shut San Onofre down permanently NOW!!! Here's why (please
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 2004 01:04:35 -0600 (CST)
Date: Mon, 06 Dec 2004 12:35:56 -0800
From: "Russell D. Hoffman"
Subject: Shut San Onofre down permanently NOW!!! Here's why (please
forward widely!)
December 6th, 2004
To The Editor:
Right now, San Onofre Nuclear Waste Generating Station is in a bad
way. Nearly everything in the whole facility is cracking apart. It is
embrittled, frail, old. Its bones are hardened. Its arteries are clogged
and stiff. It keeps popping and poofing, bursting and spilling, leaking,
spraying, steaming, venting, dripping, gushing, pouring out poisons into
our environment.
The tritium released from the plant alone is a major environmental concern
for swimmers and surfers in the water up and down the coast from the
plant. Tritium is absorbed by the body everywhere, because chemically, it
is just radioactively altered water. Tritium has a half-life of about 12
years and while it does occur naturally, there is no good reason on earth
to increase the dose to people.
In the course of its daily operation the plant also releases Cesium-137,
Strontium-90, uranium, plutonium (both in a variety of isotopes) and over
200 other radioactive "daughter products" of the nuclear reaction. The
nuclear industry and the lame-duck, industry-flunky "regulators" who watch
it assert that these releases are harmless. It is foolhardy to agree with
them when so many of the mechanisms for damage by radioactivity are
well-known in the scientific community and undeniable to any unbiased observer.
When the nuclear industry started promoting its dogma about how clean
nuclear power was, far fewer of these facts were established, such as the
role of "free-radicals" in the creation of cancer. Now, these things are
much better known, but the entire nuclear industry refuses to acknowledge
these issues. They still try to convince people that a little of their
radiation, scattered into your body randomly through pollution, might even
be good for you. It isn't. One atomic decay inside your body can directly
destroy 20,000 or more chemical bonds -- creating tritium inside your body,
for instance, or breaking apart a delicate protein -- the structure of
life. One damaged DNA strand can lead to fetal deformities or cancer.
San Onofre's "steam generators" need to all be replaced -- two per plant,
two plants -- total cost: estimated conservatively by the company at about
600 million dollars -- it will probably be a lot more. And they'll have to
slice into the uni-body "containment dome" to do the replacement, seriously
and permanently weakening that structure. And the replacement parts,
unlike the originals (which were never supposed to need to be replaced, but
they aged much more rapidly than expected), won't even be made in America,
subject to American inspections, or made to American standards of quality
(what's left of those standards, anyway).
San Onofre's "water heaters" also all need to be replaced (about 30 per
unit). Cost? Just another seven million dollars for each plant, but
there's more:
Pipes have been cracking -- probably they ALL need to be replaced, too
(especially if the recent accident in Japan that killed five workers
teaches us anything). That's a couple more hundred million dollars that
could go to renewable energy solutions instead.
Strapping for crane lifts has gotten old and failed. This reportedly cost
over 5 million dollars to fix.
The plant is a wreck waiting to happen. Radiation ages things (including
humans). Salty air destroys most metals. San Onofre is breaking down far
faster than "industry standards" because many nukes in America use
fresh-water lakes and rivers for coolant. Not San Onofre -- it uses sea water.
But despite San Onofre's accelerated aging, the plant's owners are usually
behind the eight ball when it comes to repairing things. "Let it fail,
then fix it quietly" seems to be their operating motto.
Even fork lift tines have dropped suddenly, due to aging. That should
NEVER happen!
Transformers have exploded because they were old, throwing shards of glass
onto the nearby railway and freeway (they are so close!). Old breakers
have exploded and burned, causing hundred-million dollar outages. (But in
keeping with their motto, the 130-or so similar breakers were NOT replaced.)
Workers have been exposed to radiation. Releases to the public have
occurred, and there have even been threats of domestic sabotage directed
against the plant -- for example, from an extremely well-armed disgruntled
worker who knew the plant intimately because he had broad access privileges
before being demoted and eventually fired.
It's time to SHUT SAN ONOFRE DOWN. Its power is replaceable. Our land and
our lives are not.
The choice to keep San Onofre's twin reactors generating 500 pounds of
extremely toxic waste every day because we are too lazy to build
large-scale renewable energy systems is a deadly sin we should stop committing.
But even if we did not convert to renewable energy, consider this: It's
fairly easy to prove that nuclear power does not generate ANY "net" energy
whatsoever, anyway! That's reason enough right there to get rid of the
plants. This assertion stems from the incredibly energy-intensive
processes need to mine and refine uranium into fuel, as well as
construction costs (and reconstruction costs), and dismantling costs. But
there are even more costs -- for example, the energy that will be needed to
take care of the waste for the next million years, including the dismantled
pieces and the "spent" fuel. Such equations also ignore any energy
expended on caring for the millions of sick and dying that would result
from a serious nuclear accident.
Nuclear energy is a financial rat-hole as well as a terrorist's primary
target. San Onofre makes money only for its immediate owners, who are
practically GIVEN uranium fuel by the U.S. Government, who also promises
(but so far has failed) to take it away after it has been turned into
radioactive waste (at great profit) by Southern California Edison.
San Onofre can and should be shut down NOW. While operating, it is
thousands of times more vulnerable to terrorism or forces of nature than
when it is shut down, even though the fuel will still be there long after
the last watt of electricity is produced, and it will still be a
danger. But it's much more dangerous now, and now is a perfect time to cut
our losses.
Sincerely,
Russell Hoffman
Concerned Citizen
Carlsbad, CA
The author is an independent researcher on nuclear power. He has written
thousands of essays on the subject and his work has been published in
several different languages and in more than a dozen countries. More than
two dozen nuclear activist organizations link to his web site or have
republished his essays or computer-animated tutorials about nuclear power
at their sites. (Some URLs for his material are given below.) He has
been quoted in the Washington Post and several dozen other media
outlets. Please distribute this document to all your California friends
and media. We CAN get San Onofre (and possibly Diablo Canyon) SHUT DOWN
TODAY!)
Please visit these web sites:
SHUT SAN ONOFRE!:
http://www.animatedsoftware.com/environm/onofre/index.htm
POISON FIRE USA: An animated history of major nuclear activities in the
continental United States:
http://www.animatedsoftware.com/poifu/poifu.swf
Internet Glossary of Nuclear Terminology / "The Demon Hot Atom":
http://www.animatedsoftware.com/hotwords/index.htm
List of every nuclear power plant in America, with history, activist orgs,
specs, etc.:
http://www.animatedsoftware.com/environm/no_nukes/nukelist.htm
List of ~350 books and videos about nuclear issues in my collection
(donations welcome!):
http://www.animatedsoftware.com/environm/no_nukes/mybooks.htm
Learn about The Effects of Nuclear War here:
http://www.animatedsoftware.com/environm/no_nukes/tenw/nuke_war.htm
============================================================
*************************************************
** THE ANIMATED SOFTWARE COMPANY
** Russell D. Hoffman, Owner and Chief Programmer
** P.O. Box 1936, Carlsbad CA 92018-1936
** (800) 551-2726
** (760) 720-7261
** Fax: (760) 720-7394
** Visit the world's most eclectic web site:
** http://www.animatedsoftware.com
*************************************************
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17 NRC: Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards; Meeting of the
FR Doc 04-26902
[Federal Register: December 8, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 235)]
[Notices] [Page 71085] From the Federal Register Online via GPO
Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr08de04-137]
Subcommittee on Reactor Fuels; Notice of Meeting The ACRS
Subcommittee on Reactor Fuels will hold a meeting on December
15-16, 2004, Room T-2B3, 11545 Rockville Pike, Rockville,
Maryland.
The entire meeting will be open to public attendance.
The agenda for the subject meeting shall be as follows:
Wednesday, December 15, 2004--8:30 a.m. until the conclusion of
business.
Thursday, December 16, 2004--8:30 a.m. until 1 p.m. The purpose
of this meeting is to discuss the draft final safety evaluation
report for the Mixed Oxide Fuel Fabrication Facility construction
authorization request. The Subcommittee will hear presentations
by and hold discussions with representatives of the NRC staff
regarding this matter. The Subcommittee will gather information,
analyze relevant issues and facts, and formulate proposed
positions and actions, as appropriate, for deliberation by the
full Committee.
Members of the public desiring to provide oral statements and/or
written comments should notify the Designated Federal Official,
Ms. Maggalean W. Weston (telephone (301) 415-3151) five days
prior to the meeting, if possible, so that appropriate
arrangements can be made. Electronic recordings will be
permitted.
Further information regarding this meeting can be obtained by
contacting the Designated Federal Official between 8 a.m. and
5:30 p.m. (e.t.). Persons planning to attend this meeting are
urged to contact the above named individual at least two working
days prior to the meeting to be advised of any potential changes
to the agenda.
Dated: December 1, 2004.
John H. Flack, Acting Branch Chief, ACRS/ACNW.
[FR Doc. 04-26902 Filed 12-7-04; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 7590-01-P
*****************************************************************
18 NRC: Notice of Issuance of Materials License SNM-2512 for the Idaho
FR Doc 04-26903
[Federal Register: December 8, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 235)]
[Notices] [Page 71081-71082] From the Federal Register Online via
GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr08de04-133]
Spent Fuel Facility AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
ACTION: Issuance of Materials License.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James R. Hall, Senior Project
Manager, Spent Fuel Project Office, Office of Nuclear Material
Safety and Safeguards, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
Washington, DC 20555. Telephone: (301) 415-1336; fax number:
(301) 415-8555; e-mail: jrh@nrc.gov [jrh@nrc.gov] .
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(NRC or the Commission) has issued Materials License No. SNM-2512
to the Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation (FWENC) for the
receipt, possession, storage, and transfer of spent fuel at the
Idaho Spent Fuel (ISF) Facility, an independent spent fuel
storage installation (ISFSI) to be located at the Idaho National
Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), located in
Butte County, Idaho. This Materials License is issued under the
provisions of Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part
72 (10 CFR Part 72), and is effective as of the date of issuance.
A license for an ISFSI under 10 CFR Part 72 is issued for 20
years, but the licensee may seek to renew the license prior to
its expiration.
The ISF Facility is licensed to provide interim dry storage for
approximately 22 metric tons of heavy metal contained in unique
fuel elements and associated radioactive materials resulting from
the
[[Page 71082]] operation of the Peach Bottom Unit 1
high-temperature gas reactor, the Shippingport light water
breeder reactor, and various Training, Research, and Isotope
reactors built by General Atomics (TRIGA reactors). The ISF
Facility is designed for the repackaging of specific quantities
of this spent nuclear fuel, currently stored by the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) at the INEEL, into new storage
canisters, followed by its placement into an interim dry storage
vault, in preparation for eventual shipment to a high-level waste
geologic repository. The ISF Facility represents one element of a
Settlement Agreement, dated October 17, 1995, among the DOE, the
U.S. Navy, and the State of Idaho, regarding waste removal and
environmental cleanup at the INEEL.
Following receipt of FWENC's application dated November 19, 2001,
the NRC staff published a ``Notice of Docketing, Notice of
Consideration of Issuance, and Notice of Opportunity for a
Hearing for a Materials License for the Idaho Spent Fuel
Facility'' in the Federal Register on June 27, 2002 (67 FR
43358). In conjunction with the issuance of this license, the
staff published a final environmental impact statement (FEIS),
``Environmental Impact Statement for the Proposed Idaho Spent
Fuel Facility at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental
Laboratory in Butte County, Idaho,'' (NUREG-1773, Final Report,
January 2004). A Notice of Availability of the FEIS was published
in the Federal Register on February 27, 2004 (69 FR 9387). The
staff has determined that no significant environmental impacts
will be generated as a result of construction and operation of
the proposed ISF Facility.
The NRC staff has completed its environmental safeguards, and
safety reviews of the Idaho Spent Fuel Facility license
application and safety analysis report, as amended. The NRC staff
issued Materials License No. SNM-2512 and its Safety Evaluation
Report (SER) for the Idaho Spent Fuel Facility on November 30,
2004.
Further details with respect to this action are provided in the
application dated November 19, 2001, as amended November 8, 2002,
and March 28 and November 14, 2003; the staff's FEIS dated
January 2004; Materials License SNM-2512 and the staff's SER,
dated November 30, 2004; and other related documents, which are
normally available in the records component of NRC's Agencywide
Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS). The NRC maintains
ADAMS, which provides text and image files of NRC's public
documents. However, as of October 25, 2004, the NRC initiated an
additional security review of publicly available documents to
ensure that potentially sensitive information is removed from the
ADAMS database accessible through the NRC's Web site. Interested
members of the public should check the NRC's web pages for
updates on the availability of documents through the ADAMS
system. When public availability is restored, these documents may
be accessed through the NRC's Public Electronic Reading Room on
the Internet at: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html
[http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/leaving.cgi?from=leaving
FR.html&log=linklog&to=http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html]
. After resumption of public access to ADAMS, copies of the
referenced documents will also be available for review at the NRC
Public Document Room (PDR), located at 11555 Rockville Pike,
Rockville, MD, 20852. PDR reference staff can be contacted at
1-800-397-4209, (301) 415-4737 or by e-mail to
pdr@nrc.gov [ pdr@nrc.gov] . The PDR reproduction contractor will
copy documents for a fee.
Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 30th day of November, 2004.
For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
James R. Hall, Senior Project Manager, Licensing Section, Spent
Fuel Project Office, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and
Safeguards.
[FR Doc. 04-26903 Filed 12-7-04; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 7590-01-P
*****************************************************************
19 NRC: Union Electric Company; Notice of Withdrawal of Application for
FR Doc 04-26905
[Federal Register: December 8, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 235)]
[Notices] [Page 71082] From the Federal Register Online via GPO
Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr08de04-134]
Amendment to Facility Operating License The U.S. Nuclear
Regulatory Commission (the Commission) has granted the request of
Union Electric Company (the licensee) to withdraw its December
15, 2003, application for proposed amendment to Facility
Operating License No. NPF-30 for the Callaway Plant, Unit No. 1,
located in Callaway County, Missouri.
The proposed amendment would have revised Technical
Specifications (TSs) 3.3.9, ``Boron Dilution Mitigation System
(BDMS),'' and 3.9.2, ``Unborated Water Source Isolation Valves.''
The proposed changes would replace the phrase ``unborated water''
by the word ``dilution'' in several places and delete references
to isolation valves BGV0178 and BGV0601. A Note would also be
added to TS 3.9.2 about dilution source path valves may be
unisolated.
The Commission had previously issued a Notice of Consideration of
Issuance of Amendment published in the Federal Register on
February 3, 2004 (69 FR 5211). However, by letter dated October
29, 2004, the licensee withdrew the proposed change.
For further details with respect to this action, see the
licensee's application for amendment dated December 15, 2003, and
the licensee's letter dated October 29, 2004, which withdrew the
application for a license amendment. Documents may be examined,
and/or copied for a fee, at the NRC's Public Document Room (PDR),
located at One White Flint North, Public File Area O1 F21, 11555
Rockville Pike (first floor), Rockville, Maryland. Publicly
available records will be accessible electronically from the
Agencywide Documents Access and Management Systems (ADAMS) Public
Electronic Reading Room \1\ on the internet at the NRC Web site,
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams/html
[http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/leaving.cgi?from=leaving
FR.html&log=linklog&to=http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams/html]
. Persons who do not have access to ADAMS or who encounter
problems in accessing the documents located in ADAMS, should
contact the NRC PDR Reference staff by telephone at
1-800-397-4209, or (301) 415-4737 or by e-mail to pdr@nrc.gov [
pdr@nrc.gov] .
-----------------------------------------------------------------
---------- \1\ Public access to ADAMS has been temporarily
suspended so that security reviews of publicly available
documents may be performed and potentially sensitive information
removed. Please check the NRC Web site for updates on the
resumption of ADAMS access.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
---------- Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 1st day of December
2004.
For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Jack Donohew, Senior Project Manager, Section 2, Project
Directorate IV, Division of Licensing Project Management, Office
of Nuclear Reactor Regulation.
[FR Doc. 04-26905 Filed 12-7-04; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 7590-01-P
*****************************************************************
20 Free Lance-Star!: North Anna could get more reactors
[http://www.fredericksburg.com/
Wednesday, Dec. 8, 2004
NRC says additional reactors at North Anna wouldn't harm the
environment
By RUSTY DENNEN
Environmental considerations won't stand in the way of the
possibility of additional nuclear reactors at North Anna Power
Station, should Dominion Power be allowed to build them.
That's the preliminary conclusion of a draft environmental
impact statement, which will be the subject of a public hearing
Jan. 19 in Louisa County. The session will begin at 7 p.m. at
Louisa Middle School.
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission scheduled the hearing as part
of an ongoing review of Dominion's application for an early site
permit to allow up to two new reactors at the plant on Lake
Anna.
In its announcement yesterday, the NRC said the early site
permit should be issued.
"There are no environmentally preferable or obviously superior
sites, and that any adverse environmental impacts from possible
site preparation and preliminary construction activities at
North Anna could be redressed," according to the NRC.
"It's not really a surprise," said Louis Zeller, administrator
and community organizer for the Blue Ridge Environmental Defense
League, which opposes any new reactors at the plant. "Many of
the major objections that [we] and others have raised have been
dismissed out of hand--mostly regarding impacts on human
health."
Brendan Hoffman, a spokesman for Public Citizen, a nonprofit
consumer-advocacy organization in Washington, said yesterday
that the agency hasn't had a chance to review the voluminous
report.
"What is clear is that the main things that need to be
addressed--terrorism, the security situation and the impact of a
plant" adding reactors 60 miles from nation's capital--haven't
been, he said. Lake Anna forms the southwestern boundary between
Spotsylvania and Louisa counties.
The NRC's Atomic Safety and Licensing Board ruled several months
ago that concerns over security, radioactive waste and safety
issues would not be admissible in an environmental review of
Dominion's proposal.
An environmental coalition was allowed to challenge the
potential impact on fish and whether plans to cool additional
reactors at North Anna were sufficient.
But those issues weren't enough to sway the NRC in its
environmental review.
Dominion's early site permit application would allow the utility
to resolve site and environmental issues prior to submitting a
construction plan and to "bank" a site for 20 years. Dominion is
the parent company of Dominion Virginia Power.
The company has said it has no immediate plan to add any new
reactors at North Anna, but wants to have that option.
"We're pleased with their conclusion," Richard Zuercher,
spokesman for Dominion's nuclear operations in Virginia, said
yesterday. "But they're still going to take in public comment on
that, and there's still a lot of the process to go here."
If the early site permit is approved, Dominion would have to
obtain a combined construction and operating permit before
adding any reactors at the plant.
There are currently two reactors at North Anna, though the plant
was originally designed for four.
Last month, the Department of Energy announced that two
industry-led consortia, headed by Dominion and NuStart Energy of
Pennsylvania, will be the first to work through an untested NRC
process for licensing the construction and operation of new
nuclear plants.
To reach RUSTY DENNEN: 540/374-5431 rdennen@freelancestar.com
Date published: 12/8/2004
Fredericksburg.com, 605 William Street, Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Comments? Send us Feedback, Phone: 540-368-5055 To contact all
other newspaper departments, please call 540-374-5000. Copyright
2004, The Free Lance-Star Publishing Co. of Fredericksburg, Va.
*****************************************************************
21 Bellona: First reactor unit at Leningrad NPP shut down again
The reactor can be launched again in two days or later.
2004-12-07 16:23
On December 6, 11:48 local time the first reactor unit of the
Leningrad NPP was shut down by the automatic safety system. The
reason of the shut down is still not clear. The new sensitive
safety system could react to some personnel actions or some
disturbances in the control system could trigger the safety
shutdown system. The reactor can be back in operation not before
December 9, Interfax reported. The press-department
representative of the Leningrad NPP said to Interfax that in
such cases the reactor can be launched in two days or even
later.
The radiation levels reported to be normal. This is the second
incident with the oldest “Chernobyl” type reactor at the
Leningrad NPP after its recent reconstruction. The unit received
new safety system but all equipment was not changed. So, on
October 10, after two days after the reactor start, the
automatic safety shutdown system was triggered. The
investigation commission concluded it happened due to the
“breaking-in” of the new and old parts of the equipment.
Publisher: Bellona Foundation [bellona@bellona.no] ,
President: Frederic Hauge [frederic@bellona.no]
Information: info@bellona.no [info@bellona.no] , Technical
contact: webmaster@bellona.no [webmaster@bellona.no]
Telephone: +47 23 23 46 00 Telefax: +47 22 38 38 62 * P.O.Box
2141 Grunerlokka, 0505 Oslo, Norway
*****************************************************************
22 iafrica.com: sa news Pebble bed partner 'bad news'
height=30> [http://iafrica.com/news]
CAPE TOWN
Posted Wed, 08 Dec 2004
British Nuclear Fuels Ltd (BNFL) is a "partner from hell" and
should not be involved in the proposed pebble bed modular
reactor, says environmental lobby group Earthlife Africa.
"This bankrupt British company, wasting billions of British
taxpayers' pounds, is not welcome in South Africa," said
spokesperson Mashile Phalane on Wednesday.
He said members of Earthlife's Johannesburg branch and of the
Nuclear Energy Costs the Earth campaign would hand over a
memorandum to the British consulate on Thursday containing their
objections.
BNFL is a 22.5 percent partner with Eskom and the state-owned
Industrial Development Corporation in the company formed to
oversee the commercialising of the mini-nuclear reactor.
Eskom is currently seeking approval to build a demonstration
model at Koeberg outside Cape Town.
Phalane said BNFL, which operates in 15 countries, was
technically bankrupt, with a debt of some R350-billion, which
would be carried by the British taxpayer.
He also said BNFL was "not very good" at making nuclear fuel.
After eight years the Mox fuel plant in Sellafield had not
generated any income, and BNFL had had to buy Mox from Belgians
to fulfil a contract.
In addition, BNFL was "dangerous".
The governments of Ireland and Norway officially complained in
2003 that BNFL at Sellafield was polluting their lobster,
shellfish and salmon by discharging technetium-99 in the sea.
"What does this tell us about the Pebble Bed project if this is
the only kind of partner the PBMR can attract? The only other
non-South African partner, Exelon, has left already. The full
cost of this expensive experiment will be carried by South
African and British taxpayers," said Phalane.
Sapa
Copyright © 2002 iafrica.com, a division of Metropolis*.
*****************************************************************
23 The Herald: Nuclear officials to question Duke over alleged violations
HOME [http://www.heraldonline.com]
LOCAL Updated: 12/08/04
By Jason Cato [jcato@heraldonline.com] The Herald
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission staff will question Duke
Energy officials next week about alleged violations in their
application to use mixed-oxide, or MOX, fuel at Catawba Nuclear
Station on Lake Wylie.
The questions will be addressed at an enforcement conference
from 9 to 11 a.m. Dec. 17 in Rockville, Md. The public is invited
and will have an opportunity to speak with NRC officials.
Duke spokeswoman Rose Cummings said the problems were discovered
by Duke officials and then reported to the NRC.
The completeness and accuracy of Duke's license amendment
request -- something the company would need to use the MOX --
account for two of the alleged violations, according to the NRC.
The third violation involves Duke's failure to periodically
update a report, called the final safety analysis report, for the
Catawba plant.
No decision will be made at the meeting. Any action taken by the
NRC will come later.
"Certainly, we take anything like this seriously," said
Cummings, describing this process as a "formal conversation."
Duke has had similar hearings in the past, Cummings said. The
commission can dismiss complaints, uphold them but only note
them, or uphold them and impose fines.
One of the violations involved errors in calculating the amount
of radiation that could be released in a potential accident,
Cummings said. A table used in the FSAR to make the calculations
was incorrect; the NRC will question Duke officials about that
error.
The NRC was felt Duke could have been more precise about plans
to have multiple test fuel programs going on at the same time at
Catawba, Cummings said. None of the other programs will be
related to MOX.
The test MOX program would allow Duke Power to use a mixture of
plutonium and uranium at the Catawba plant. The program is part
of an agreement between the United States and Russia to each rid
34 tons of weapons-grade plutonium taken from nuclear weapons.
The NRC is expected to rule on the application by spring.
None of the violations in question next week are related to the
safety concerns filed with the NRC by the Blue Ridge
Environmental Defense League, Cummings said.
Jason Cato " 329-4071
jcato@heraldonline.com [jcato@heraldonline.com]
The Herald is owned by The McClatchy Company
[http://www.mcclatchy.com]
The Herald is a Member of the South Carolina Press Association
[http://www.scpress.org]
Copyright © 2004 The Herald, Rock Hill, South Carolina
*****************************************************************
24 APP.COM: Meeting on nuclear plant planned
ASBURY PARK PRESS
Published in the Asbury Park Press 12/08/04By NICHOLAS CLUNN
MANAHAWKIN BUREAU
TINTON FALLS -- A Monmouth County assemblyman announced
yesterday that he will hold a meeting here tomorrow to allow
residents the chance to speak about a plan to extend the life of
the Oyster Creek nuclear power plant in Lacey.
Assemblyman Michael J. Panter, D-Monmouth, will also share
information gathered Dec. 2 during a special hearing held in
Brick by the Assembly Environment and Solid Waste Committee.
Panter serves as the committee's vice chairman.
About 300 people attended that hearing, which the committee
called to get a better understanding of the merits and drawbacks
of a 20-year renewal of the reactor's operating license. Without
a renewal, the plant would close when its initial 40-year license
expires in April 2009.
Committee members will consider public input when drafting a
resolution that would establish the state's official position on
Oyster Creek's plan to seek a license renewal from the federal
Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Although it is up to federal regulators to decide whether the
reactor can operate safely if its license is renewed, state
lawmakers are morally responsible for the health and safety of
residents, said committee Chairman John F. McKeon, D-Essex.
About 3.5 million people live within a 50-mile radius of the
reactor. Emergency planners believe a radiological release from
the plant could contaminate food and water within that distance.
The public has been invited to meet at Seabrook Village, 3000
Essex Road.
Nicholas Clunn: (609) 978-4597 or nclunn@app.com [nclunn@app.com]
Go Back | Subscribe to the Asbury Park Press
[http://marketing.injersey.com/subscriptions.html]
*****************************************************************
25 University of Western Ontario: Making Nuclear Power Safer
[http://www.uwo.ca/]
Dec 8th, 2004
NSERC President Tom Brzustowski (above) shares some remarks
regarding the appointment of Western Engineering Professor Jin
Jiang as NSERC-UNENE Industrial Research Chair in Control,
Instrumentation and Electrical Systems in Nuclear Power
Engineering. Below, former Western Engineering Dean Mohan Mathur,
and current UNENE President, was also on hand for the
announcement.
Western Professor Jin Jiang has plans to bring Canada’s nuclear
power industry into the 21st Century, after being awarded $2
million over the next five years by Science and Engineering
Research Canada (more commonly known as NSERC) and the
University Network of Excellence in Nuclear Engineering (UNENE)
for his leading research.
Jiang is looking to make nuclear power systems developed more
than 20 years ago safer, more reliable and increasingly
cost-effective by improving upon their control and
instrumentation systems and operation. According to the Ontario
Power Generation, nuclear power meets 40 per cent of the
province’s electricity needs.
“Many people have a perception that nuclear plants are not safe,
or are even harmful,” says Jiang. “This is simply not the case -
nuclear energy is pretty much the only form of major power
generation that can reduce greenhouse gases.”
A top researcher and decorated teacher in the Department of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jiang will focus his
efforts on the application of computer technologies in CANada
Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) nuclear power plants, and will also
enhance training simulators for engineering applications. He has
spent many years researching fault-tolerant control system
design and analysis to ensure reliability, maintainability and
survivability of safety-critical systems.
As the Industrial Research Chair in Control, Instrumentation and
Electrical Systems in Nuclear Power Plants, Jiang will also
train the next generation of nuclear engineers by recruiting
graduate students and post-doctoral fellows to London. He also
hopes to better educate the general public about nuclear power
being a secure and clean source of energy.
“Jin Jiang is both an internationally-renowned researcher and
award-winning professor here at Western, and we are proud and
fortunate to have him as a member of our Engineering faculty,”
says Western President Paul Davenport.
“The UNENE Chair program provides important links to industry
and other university research, while enabling us to develop
engineers who will carry the Canadian nuclear industry forward.”
In total, there are six UNENE Chairs at universities across
Ontario, five of which are currently filled. Ontario Power
Generation, Bruce Power and Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd. are
the industrial sponsors of Jiang’s Chair. UNENE’s other
industrial partners include the CANDU Owners Group (COG),
Nuclear Safety Solutions (NSS) and the Canadian Nuclear Safety
Commission (CNSC).
“We are looking forward to Professor Jiang and his research team
closely collaborating with our industry members in researching,
analyzing and designing robust controls for new reactors, and
for the load-following mode of operation of the existing
reactors,” says Dr. R. Mohan Mathur, President and CEO of UNENE.
“We are happy to assist Professor Jiang in the refurbishment of
old digital controls and the application of new technologies for
accurately and continuously monitoring the health of operating
power plants.”
“The development of a strong nuclear engineering research
program, combined with the training of students, will definitely
be of benefit to Western, Canada’s nuclear power industry,
Canada’s economy and, ultimately, the environment, since nuclear
power produces no greenhouse gases,” says Dr. Tom Brzustowski,
President of NSERC.
[http://www.uwo.ca/]
*****************************************************************
26 The Clarion-Ledger: Supes support nuclear reactor -
[http://www.clarionledger.com/
[The Clarion-Ledger: Mississippi's News Source]
December 8, 2004
PORT GIBSON — The Claiborne County Board of Supervisors
unanimously endorsed a plan Monday to pursue the construction of
a second nuclear reactor at the Grand Gulf Nuclear Station.
Supervisor Charles Shorts said a second reactor would add jobs
and pump needed revenue into Claiborne County's economy.
The supervisors endorsed a six-point resolution that included
comments on nuclear power in general and the plants' effect on
county tax revenues.
Among other things, the document said the $8 million in property
taxes paid by Grand Gulf Nuclear Station is the reason Claiborne
County residents enjoy some of the lowest auto license tags and
homeowner property taxes in the state.
Ken Hughey, an Entergy Nuclear senior manager of business
development, thanked the board for its support.
"This sends a very, very strong message," he said of the
resolution.
Interviewed after the meeting, supervisors said the decision to
have the resolution drafted and passed was made by the board as
a group and that the time was simply right to go on record in
support of the possibility.
Entergy has applied for one of two major licenses it would need
to build a second reactor unit at the site, which has one
reactor that has been in operation since 1985.
The application is with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
which is scheduled to hand down a decision in October 2006.
The license application is part of a new, streamlined
regulatory-approval process designed to reduce the risk of
escalating costs and delays for potential builders of nuclear
reactors.
If Entergy were to receive the license, it would have a 20-year
option to apply for the second major license.
Copyright © 2004, The Clarion-Ledger.
*****************************************************************
27 Times Argus: Entergy says it won't fight $85,000 state fine
December 8, 2004
Associated Press
BRATTLEBORO — Entergy Nuclear won't fight an $85,000 fine
recommended by the Public Service Board against the nuclear
company for starting construction last year on a large building
without necessary state permits.
In a letter to the Vermont Public Service Board, Victoria Brown,
an attorney for Entergy Nuclear, said the fine wasn't deserved,
but that company would not fight it.
"While Entergy VY respectfully disagrees with the proposed
decision, Entergy VY has resolved not to challenge the fine as
proposed," she wrote.
Brown called the violation inadvertent.
The Public Service Board hearing officer had pointed out that
several key managers knew the company needed state approval to
construct the building. Documents in the case reveal that Entergy
only admitted it had started construction on the building when
the Public Service Board announced it was coming to visit the
site.
Brown said Entergy "takes seriously its responsibility to meet
all its regulatory obligations."
She said that the company was implementing changes to address the
concerns raised by George Young, the PSB hearing officer who
recommended the $85,000 fine.
The review came after Entergy started construction in the fall of
2003 on a large storage building that it was going to use to
retrofit a key component, the turbine rotor, in preparation for
its proposed power boost.
The company later dropped its plans to construct the building
near the reactor and instead shipped the rotor to a vacant paper
mill in nearby Brattleboro.
Under state law, the Public Service Board could have recommended
a $100,000 fine, but Young said there were some mitigating
factors and recommended less than the full amount.
The $85,000 fine will go to the state's general fund, according
to David O'Brien, commissioner of the Department of Public
Service.
© 2004 [http://www.timesargus.com/]
*****************************************************************
28 NEWS.com.au | N-reactors shut down after leak (December 9, 2004)
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N-reactors shut down after leak
From correspondents in Tokyo
December 9, 2004
TWO nuclear reactors in Japan would be shut down today as a
small amount of radioactive water had leaked from their piping
systems, the world's largest private power company, Tokyo
Electric Power, said.
The leaks occurred at the Fukushima No 1
nuclear power plant in northern Japan and did not enter the
outside environment, the company said.
News reports said three workers had been exposed to radiation
but only of a permissible level that was of no health risk.
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OTHER BREAKING NEWS HEADLINES
N-reactors shut down after leak
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29 NRC: NRC Restores Online Availability of Large Number of Reactor-Related Documents
News Release - 2004-15
U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
Office of Public Affairs Telephone: 301/415-8200
Washington, DC 20555-0001 E-mail: opa@nrc.gov
No. 04-153 December 7, 2004
its Web site, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has returned a
large number of reactor-related documents to its online public
library, ADAMS.
The documents are now available from ADAMS by using the CITRIX
access to the NRC electronic reading room site, available at
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html. Users should click on
CITRIX and follow the instructions for loading this software
program. Help in using ADAMS through CITRIX is available by
contacting the NRC Public Document Room by phone at
1/800-397-4209 or 301-415-4737, or by e-mail to PDR@nrc.gov
[PDR@nrc.gov] .
The restoration includes power, research and test reactor
documents that were formerly accessible through ADAMS and deemed
non-sensitive as a result of the NRCs review. This action
restores a large portion of documents that were removed on Oct.
25 for a security review. The remaining non-docket-related and
non-reactor documents are being screened through a security
review to identify documents that contain sensitive information.
Last revised Wednesday, December 08, 2004
*****************************************************************
30 NRC: NRC to Hold Predecisional Enforcement Conference on Duke Amendment Request for Catawba
Nuclear Station
News Release - 2004-15
U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
Office of Public Affairs Telephone: 301/415-8200
Washington, DC 20555-0001 E-mail: opa@nrc.gov
No. 04-154 December 7, 2004
predecisional enforcement conference with Duke Energy Corp. Dec.
17 in Rockville, Md., to discuss three apparent violations of
NRC requirements. The apparent violations are related to Dukes
license amendment request to allow the use of mixed oxide (MOX)
fuel at its Catawba Nuclear Station 17 miles from Charlotte,
N.C.
The enforcement conference will be from 9:00 a.m. to 11:00
a.m. in Room T-2B3, 11545 Rockville Pike, Rockville. The public
is invited to observe the meeting, and will have an opportunity
to communicate with NRC officials after the business portion,
but before the meeting is adjourned.
Two of the alleged violations involve the completeness and
accuracy of Dukes license amendment request and the third
involves a failure to periodically update the Final Safety
Analysis Report for the Catawba plant. The proposed amendment
would allow Duke to use four MOX assemblies at Catawba. MOX
contains a mixture of plutonium and uranium oxides. The Duke
request is part of a joint U.S.-Russian Federation program to
dispose of surplus plutonium from nuclear weapons by converting
the material into MOX fuel for use in nuclear reactors.
The conference is an opportunity for company officials to
provide their perspective on the apparent violations and to
offer any other information that they believe the NRC should
take into consideration in making an enforcement decision. No
decision on the apparent violations or any enforcement action
will be made at the conference. Those decisions will be made
later by NRC officials.
Last revised Wednesday, December 08, 2004
*****************************************************************
31 NRC: NRC Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste to Meet Dec. 13-14 in Rockville, Maryland
News Release - 2004-15
U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
Office of Public Affairs Telephone: 301/415-8200
Washington, DC 20555-0001 E-mail: opa@nrc.gov
No. 04-155 December 8, 2004
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commissions Advisory Committee on
Nuclear Waste will hold a public meeting Dec. 13-14, in
Rockville, Md., to receive an update from the Department of
Energy, the Maryland Department of Radiation Protection and
others on recent activities related to the control and tracking
of sealed sources of radioactive material, including medical and
industrial devices. The committee will also discuss its previous
recommendations regarding the 10,000-year-compliance period for
the proposed Yucca Mountain high-level waste repository.
The meeting on Monday will run from 2:30 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. and
on Tuesday from 8:30 a.m. to 5:15 p.m. The meeting will be held
in Room T-2B3 of the agencys Two White Flint North Building, at
11545 Rockville Pike.
A complete agenda is available on the NRCs Web site at this
address:
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/acnw/agenda/2004/.
For additional information, please contact Howard Larson at
301-415-6805.
Last revised Wednesday, December 08, 2004
*****************************************************************
32 [DU-WATCH] DU-Worker's Life a "Living Hell"
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 2004 01:15:24 -0600 (CST)
The Scotsman - Edinburgh,Scotland,UK
A former defence worker claimed in the High Court today that his
life had been made a "living hell" by exposure to depleted uranium
at a British factory. ...
http://news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=3849556
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33 [DU-WATCH] Grove Memo Endorsed DU as Radiological Poison
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 2004 01:20:55 -0600 (CST)
List: Leuren Moret sends this communication to the entire list.
This contains startling revelations made public for the first time
in as much as 61 years. The world famous former Lawrence
Livermore Nuclear Weapons Lab scientist sets the record straight
on the use of "DU" in the 1943 era. Moret talked to scientists who
were present at the time working on the Manhattan Project. Moret
also sets the record straight on a loathsome little man, "a DOE
sycophant" Robert Holloway, too.
Bob Nichols
Elaine Hunter
Dear Elaine,
I have confirmed with three Manhattan Project scientists
that DU was intended to be used in the Groves memo
recommending developing radioactive materials as
POISON GAS MILITARY WEAPONS in 1943.
Dr. James Conant, was President of Harvard when John
Kerry's father (a high level CIA agent) brought him
into the Manhattan Project to develop poison gas
warfare weapons. Conant had developed poison gas
warfare weapons in WW I so he was already an expert on
them.
The three Manhattan Project scientists who confirmed
to me that DU was intended to be used in the Groves
memo are:
Marion Fulk, a retired nuclear physical
chemist who worked on the research of rainout of
nuclear materials for the nuclear weapons program at
Livermore (where I also formerly worked),
Dr. Fred Wood, and a third one I met in Willits, Calif. while
giving a talk a few months ago with Dennis Kyne on DU.
In addition to those three, Dr. Ernest Sternglass -
who is a world expert on ionizing radiation and
convinced the Senate to sign the partial test ban
treaty in 1963 at the request of Pres. Kennedy - also
confirmed that DU was intended to be used in the
Groves memo.
The first testing of DU munitions as a terrain
contaminant were crude tests done in the late 1940s on
the Badlands Bombing Range in South (or North) Dakota.
These were bags and barrels of uranium poked through
with holes which were exposed to the wind and the
downwind effects tested on unsuspecting Native
Americans and other poor white folks who happened to
live there too.
The pernicious effects of DU are now global with
reported increases in infant mortality in 20 regions
of Europe reported in the January 2004 Lancet medical
journal in the UK, in the US for the first time in 41
years which was reported in Feb. 2004 in the NYT, and
in the UK Guardian last spring throughout Europe.
No one can escape this horrendous amount of radiation now
globally contaminating the entire atmosphere at levels
that are 5 times higher than the legal allowable
exposure limit under US law. Major Doug Rokke was
ordered by General Paul Greenberg in 1992, as head of
the DU cleanup team for the US Army in Gulf War I, to
write a DU report to Brown and Root (a Halliburton
subsidiary) which was passed to them through the
Secretary of State from the Army.
Today, the UK govt. air monitoring station in Aldermaston,
England, which measures uranium in the air and must report those
levels each year has failed to provide any reports for
the past three years because they claim they are not
measuring it now.
It is no coincidence but certainly curious that Brown and Root
(a Halliburton subsidiary) has now taken over Aldermaston in
England, a British govt. facility....
This terrible truth and global tragedy is what
Holloway and the other prostitutes for the nuclear
establishment are hiding by lying about the intended
purpose of the Groves memo.
Holloway himself worked for the EPA in Nevada. The
EPA had a secret dairy on the Nevada test site during
atmospheric testing and underground testing until 1982.
Horrible experiments were done on animals at this dairy,
and tissue and bone samples were sent to the Livermore
Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Lab and the Hunters Point Naval
Shipyard secret radiation lab in San Francisco.
I have just obtained declassified reports on animal studies, the
EPA dairy and other beef herds exposed to atmospheric
testing fallout and rainout in Nevada. All of this
was hidden even from the Livermore lab where Marion
Fulk tried to get the information and never could.
Now 50 years later I have given it to him, to
Sternglass and to Dr. Janette Sherman who did bone
marrow studies at Hunters Point in the 50s on those
very same animals.
What was Holloway doing at the EPA in Nevada? And
what does he know about the secret EPA dairy?
Plenty is my guess. The milk, manure and the
carcasses from the EPA dairy were so radioactive they
had to be packed into discarded munitions boxes and
thrown in bomb test craters at the test site.
It doesnt really matter what they were thinking in
1943 because now Halliburton, three Presidential
administrations, and the Carlyle Group/munitions
manufacturers have poisoned the entire world and slow
deaths and long lingering illnesses will increase.
It is part of the eugenics plan developed under Jimmy
Carter by Kissinger, Brzezinski, Haig and Ed Muskie to
depopulate the world by 2-3 billion in 1979. It is
the "Global 2000" plan which you can easily read on
the internet.
DU is also being used since 1991 to study the
radiobiological effects of 4th generation nuclear
weapons. Read about the nuclear weapons program here:
UC Regents Lose Management Contract of Nuclear Weapons
Program
Part 1
http://www.sfbayview.com/091504/ucregents091504.shtml
Part 2
http://www.sfbayview.com/092204/nuclearweapons092204.shtml
Part 3
http://www.sfbayview.com/092904/nuclearweapons2092904.shtml
Part 4
http://www.sfbayview.com/100604/nuclearweapons100604.shtml
Part 5
http://www.sfbayview.com/101304/nuclearweapons101304.shtml
Part 6
http://www.sfbayview.com/110304/ucregents110304.shtml
Part 7
http://www.sfbayview.com/112404/ucregents112404.shtml
Part 8
http://www.sfbayview.com/120104/nuclearcorridor120104.shtml
Leuren Moret
Livermore Nuclear Weapons Lab whistleblower
--- Bob Nichols wrote:
__________________________________
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Yahoo! Mail - 250MB free storage. Do more. Manage less.
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34 [DU-WATCH] Murderers in White Coats
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 2004 01:14:59 -0600 (CST)
Dear all,
Some more early history of that serial killer DU & it's other gang
members.Some of the early beginnings of experiments on the effects of
radioactive materials on human beings by inhumane beings.
Here's a quiz question: What are: 1) "product"; 2) well we know what
radium is; 3) postum (they're NOT talking about thatstuff you can buy in
a store for making a hot beverage!); 4) "tuballoy" (everybody know,
right,right?!) ; 5) oh well, we know lead only too intimately. A tip of
the hat to anyone who knows what all the code words signify.
Here's the link and it's contents: Elaine
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/radiation/dir/mstreet/commeet/meet11/brief1
1/tab_g/br11g1q.txt
GENERAL PLAN -- A. Fifty subjects are to be provided by the Rochester
Area. These subjects are to compose 5 groups of 10 subjects each. Group
I will receive product; Group II will receive radium; Group III, postum;
Group IV, tuballoy; and Group V will receive lead. Each group will be
under observation for 30 days as follows:
1. The first week will be a clinical observation period during which
time the status of kidney and liver function will be established.
Blanks on feces, blood and urine will be taken and other preliminaries
taken care of.
ATTACHMENT 17
Detailed Plan of Product part of Rochester Experiment
L. H. Hempelmann and Wright H. Langham
1. General Plans
According to Colonel Warren the Product experiment is to be conducted
first because of contamination possibilities from the other materials.
Ten subjects will be provided by the Rochester area. These subjects will
be admitted to the metabolism ward in a group of four per month for the
first two months. The third month there will be only two. Two of the
subjects for one of the other studies may be run simultaneously during
the third month.
During the first six days blank blood, urine and feces samples will be
taken and clinical chemistry and hematological tests run. Careful
clinical observations will be made also. This is to be done by the
Rochester Group.
On the morning of the seventh day each subject will receive a single
intravenous injection of product. After the injection careful clinical
observations, hematology and clinical chemistry will continue throughout
the experimental period of 24 days. The feces from each subject will be
collected and pooled into samples representing three day's excretion.
All urine will be collected on a strict 24-hour sampling basis. A 10-ml.
blood sample will be taken from each subject 4 hours after injection and
at regular 3 or 4 day intervals until the end of the experiment.
The injections, supervision of the ward, hematology, clinical chemistry,
clinical observations and sample collections are to be carried out by
the Rochester group. All samples are to be properly labeled, packed and
shipped to W. H. Langham, P.O. Box 1663, Santa Fe, H.M. It will be the
responsibility of the Santa Fe Group to analyze all samples for Product.
II. Specific Considerations
A. Hematology -
1. Complete Blood Count
2. Sedimentation Rate
1
3.
B. Clinical Chemistry
As complete clinical laboratory studies as possible to determine
function of liver, kidneys and bone marrow.
C. Clinical Observations
Those recommended by Rochester Group.
D. Preliminary Observation Period and collection of blank samples -
This period is to consist of the first six days during which the
following should be accomplished:
1. Make preliminary clinical observations.
2. Make preliminary hematological and clinical chemistry tests.
3. Establish sampling routine.
4. Collect at least three 24 hour urine samples from each subject for
blank determinations.
5. Collect at least two 10 ml. blood samples from each subject for blank
determinations.
6. Collect two feces samples from each subject. Each sample should
consist of the pooled excrement representing three days excretion.
These are for blank determinations.
E. Injection - To be performed in the morning of the seventh day.
1. Size of dose, 1 or 5 micrograms?
2. Nature of dose, plus four product complexed with 0.5% sodium citrate
in sterile water, at pH 6.0 and in a vol. of 0.5 ml.
3. Preparation of injection solution. (W. Langham)
a. Stock solution -- Carefully clean and weigh 10 mg. of pure product
metal. Dissolve in the smallest possible amount of 6N HCl. When
completely dissolved add 250 lambda of 8N HNO3 and warm under a heat
lamp until the color of the solution changes completely from blue to
brown. Dilute to 2 ml. with distilled water. This gives a solution of
2
plus 4 nitrate containing 5 mg. per ml. of product in 1N HNO3. This
solution is stable over a long period of time with regard to plus four
product. A complete spectrophotometric curve will be run however, each
time the solution is used to make sure that the material is entirely
plus four. This solution will be assayed carefully for total product
concentration.
(If thought necessary Langham will come to Rochester to prepare the
solution)
b. Injection solution -- Fifty lambda (250 ??) of stock solution is
carefully measured into a sterile 25 ml. volumetric flask containing
about 20 ml. of sterile 0.5% sodium citrate (5H2O) solution. The
solution is then diluted to exactly 25 ml. with sterile citrate
solution.
Test preparations of this solution will be made. These will be assayed
carefully for product concentration and pH as well as for the per cent
of plus 4 product to make sure no valence disproportination occurs
during dilution.
In case all concerned agree that the dose should be 1?? instead of 5??
the above solution will be diluted five fold with 0.5% citrate solution.
4. Injection procedure -- The injection is to be performed by the
Rochester group. One-half ml. (5.0?? product ?) of the citrate solution
is given to each subject in a single injection into a cubital vein using
a dry tuberculin syringe. Care should be taken to avoid any leakage into
the tissue.
5. Calibration of syringe and determination of amount of product
injected- Using the same syringe and needle and the same technique used
for filling the syringe and making the injection; 0.5 ml. of the
injection solution is discharged into each of five twenty-five ml.
volumetric flasks containing 4N HCl. These will be diluted to volume
with 4N acid and mixed thoroughly.
3
If the Rochester Group is not equipped to do product assays, these
flasks should be carefully sealed and shipped to the Santa Fe Group.
One hundred lambda portions of each solution are plated directly on
platinum plates and counted in an alpha counter. The average product
content of these five solutions is taken as the dosage received by
each subject.
III. Collection and handling of samples -
1. Blood samples:
a. Collection - a 10 ml. blood sample should be taken from each subject
at regular intervals perhaps every 3 or 4 days. The first sample should
be taken 4 hours after injection.
b. Preserving - The sample should be sealed in a suitable tube
containing sodium citrate as an anticoagulant and one ml. of
formaldehyde as a preservative.
c. Labeling and shipping - The sample should be labeled with an
identification number relating it to the subject and his clinical
record. The label should also give the date, and the time elapsed
between the time of injection and taking of the sample. The samples
should then be adequately packed and shipped.
2. Urine samples:
a. Collection: -- Straight twenty-four hour samples are to be taken
for the entire observation period.
b. Preserving -- Each sample is transferred, as collected, to a
suitable bottle (Baxter bottles?) containing 10 ml. of 40% formaldehyde.
The formaldehyde should be added at the beginning of the collection
period instead of at the end.
c. Labeling and Shipping -- The tag on the bottle should carry an
identification number relating the sample to the individual and to the
clinical record. The label should give the date of the beginning of the
collection period, the actual time at which the collection period began
and the actual time of the close of the period. It is of greatest
importance that any losses be indicated. Therefore, if the time of each
voiding is recorded on the label and time of loss indicated, some
estimation of the period of loss in hours can be made. The volume lost
means nothing, the important thing is the time interval the loss
represents.
4
3. Feces samples:
a. Collection -- The stools from each subject should be pooled into
samples representing three day's excretion. The time of each stool
should be noted in order to permit the estimation of the time
interval represented by any losses that may occur.
b. Preserving -- The jar or container into which the stools are
transferred should contain, 100 ml. of 4N HCl as a preservative. The
HCl should be added to the container at the beginning of each collection
period. At the close of the collection period the container should be
closed and the sample thoroughly emulsified with the preservative by
vigorous shaking.
c. Labeling and Shipping -- The tag on the feces container should
carry an identification number relating the sample to the individual
and his clinical record. The label should give the date and time of the
beginning and the date and time of the close of the collection period.
It should also give the time of each stool in order to enable one to
estimate the time interval represented by any losses that may occur.
IV. Analysis of Samples:
This is to be done by the Santa Fe Group using procedures that are
already standardized.
GENERAL PLAN OF ROCHESTER EXPERIMENT
The following is a general picture of the Rochester Experiment as
obtained from Colonel Warren during a ten minute conversation.
GENERAL PLAN -- A. Fifty subjects are to be provided by the Rochester
Area. These subjects are to compose 5 groups of 10 subjects each. Group
I will receive product; Group II will receive radium; Group III, postum;
Group IV, tuballoy; and Group V will receive lead. Each group will be
under observation for 30 days as follows:
1. The first week will be a clinical observation period during which
time the status of kidney and liver function will be established.
Blanks on feces, blood and urine will be taken and other preliminaries
taken care of.
5
2. Injection will be with a single dose, the size of which will be the
same for each member of the group.
3. Feces, blood and urine samples will be taken with great care and
sent to the various group heads for the purpose of quantitating the
amount of the injected material occurring therein.
4. The ward will be under 24-hour supervision. Four subjects will be
handled at a time.
5. Clinical observations and studies will be carried on throughout the
entire 30 day period.
B. Purpose -- The purpose of the study is to establish, on a
statistically significant number of subjects, the metabolic behavior
of the hazardous materials, product, radium, postum, tubally and lead.
More specifically this will serve to establish the relation between any
two of these hazardous materials in regard to a number of metabolic
processes such as:
1. Rate of urinary and fecal excretion.
2. Ratio between blood level and rate of urinary and/or fecal excretion.
3. Relation between size of dose and blood level.
4. Total body retention of material in relation to time after injection.
5. Relation of blood level to time after injection.
6. The spread in individual variations with regard to blood level,
urinary
excretion and fecal excretion as a function of size of dosage and time
after injection.
C. Personnel and Distribution of Responsibility:
1. General Director of Rochester Area, Dr. Andrew Dowdy, Monroe 8972,
Rochester, N.Y.
2. In charge of Wards, Dr. William McKann and Dr. Sam Bassett.
3. Injection, Lt. Valentine.
4. Postum, William Bale.
5. Product, W. H. Langham & L. H. Hempelmann.
6
6. Radium -?
7. Tuballoy, Harold Hodge.
8. Lead -?
9. Statistics, Murray Wantman
7
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35 News-Review: Radioactive material removed from fire station chairs
December 8, 2004
Roseburg Fire Department officials have no idea how five of
their chairs became contaminated by a radioactive material known
as cesium-137.
Firefighters were conducting a hazardous materials training
session at the Rose Street station with a state official from the
Department of Human Services when radiation was discovered in the
chairs on Nov. 29.
The training exercise quickly escalated into a formal response,
as HazMat Team members worked to isolate the affected chairs,
bringing in technical experts from the state to identify the
radioactive material.
The source of the radiation has yet to be determined. It was
found in low-level concentrations and is not believed to have
posed a health threat to fire station employees, said Division
Chief Mike Lane.
Of the 15 or 20 chairs at the department, only five were
contaminated. The contamination was limited to the fabric and
foam, which were then cut out of the chairs.
Similar chairs at the Roseburg Police Department and Douglas
County Fire District No. 2 were analyzed and deemed safe.
To save the cost of hiring an environmental cleanup crew to
dispose of the material, the department is applying for a $600
license to take care of it themselves. It will be transported out
of Roseburg by Oregon's emergency response manager for radiation
emergencies.
The material will eventually wind up at the Hanford nuclear site
in Washington.
All contents © Copyright 2004 newsreview.info The News-Review -
345 N.E. Winchester - PO Box 1248 - Roseburg, OR 97470
*****************************************************************
36 News-Miner: A toxic legacy?
Fairbanks Daily News-Miner · 200 North Cushman Street ·
Fairbanks, AK · 99707 · (907) 456-6661
[http://www.news-miner.com/]
December 08, 2004
Many Alaska Natives believe environmental contamination is
behind outbreaks of cancer
By DIANA CAMPBELL
EDITOR'S NOTE: In 2003 the Alicia Patterson Foundation awarded
News-Miner reporter Diana Campbell a yearlong fellowship to
explore cancer's attack on Alaska Natives. Campbell and
News-Miner photographer Eric Engman teamed to tell the story.
Part 4 of 5
NORTHWAY, Alaska--Mary Ann Albert doesn't take steam baths
anymore. She's too embarrassed because of her mastectomy scars,
the products of breast cancer.
Now, instead of spending time with women friends in a homemade
steam bath popular in the Athabascan village of Northway, she
stays at home to watch granddaughters.
Ask her how she thinks she became a cancer patient in 2001, and
she'll tell you she was a regular smoker until her diagnosis. But
she'll also tell you that she wonders if the military barrels of
mysterious origin buried in the land on which her house sits may
also have been a factor.
No one knows.
What is known, though, is that the military used Northway for
an airfield during World War II and that the community was also
a staging area for construction of the Alaska Highway. Garbage,
like green military knapsacks, from another era pokes out of the
soil at the side of Albert's driveway.
Although the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has removed many of
the barrels from beneath Albert's house, and at other sites
around Northway, the 56-year-old Albert fears the contents of
those barrels remain.
"I feel like I'm sitting on a ticking time bomb," she said,
sitting in her sparsely furnished but tidy home. Freshly baked
bread scented the air as her granddaughters took bites of it
smothered in homemade Alaska blueberry jam late last year.
Mary Ann Albert and the military garbage beneath her house are
but one of many situations that help explain the endurance of
the powerful belief among Alaska Natives that, even though no
evidence has shown it, the high cancer rate among their people
has been caused to some degree by the military.
And the deep entrenchment of that belief works against those
who are trying to reverse the cancer trend among Alaska Natives
through other means by convincing people that personal behavior
choices are the overriding problem.
Decades of skepticism
Such beliefs about outside causes of cancer have existed among
Alaska Natives for decades.
The state of Alaska's 1994 "Cancer Control Plan" included a
passage about Alaska Natives' beliefs regarding the causes of
cancer. It noted that no statewide study of cancer beliefs had
been undertaken but that one study, reported in the journal
Alaska Medicine, had been conducted in an Alaska village in 1987
as part of an inquiry about a cluster of lung cancer cases among
seven smokers.
"Among 46 households interviewed, 34 understood that cigarette
smoking is a cause of cancer; 34 believed that the cancer
cluster under investigation was due to consumption of
contaminated drinking water; and 14 thought that the cancers
might have resulted from fallout from foreign nuclear testing.
"Thus, despite their understanding that cigarette smoking is a
cause of lung cancer, many villagers attributed the cancer
cluster to putative risk-exposures outside their control."
The National Cancer Institute cited the 1987 survey in its 2003
report about cancer in Alaska Native women and bluntly stated
its potential impact. "Such beliefs have important implications
for the design of cancer information and prevention programs."
Yet there is no evidence, despite the enduring belief and many
calls to action by Alaska Native people, that the elevated
cancer rate among Alaska Natives is linked to environmental
contamination, either from military testing or dumping or from
any other source.
Instead, a 30-year registry points primarily to tobacco use and
dietary change as the leading factors.
"Native people are concerned that exposures to environmental
agents are the cause of their cancers, but there is little
direct evidence," Dr. Anne Lanier, the primary founder of the
Alaska Native Tumor Registry, said in an e-mail response to the
question. "However, many agencies and individuals are working on
this. We need to know more."
Concern about contamination--from petroleum products,
herbicides and other chemicals and biological materials--and a
subsequent desire to blame the military comes from many quarters
and draws on several examples. Among them:
* Out on St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea, Yupik Eskimo
elder and activist Annie Alowa attributed her cancer to
contamination caused by military dump sites on the island where
she lived. She died in 1999 from the disease, according to the
Alaska Community Action on Toxics, a statewide environmental
organization that Alowa worked with to get her story out.
* In the Aleutians, Aleuts who live on islands near Amchitka
Island, the site of three underground atomic tests in 1965, 1969
and 1971, demand to know if the food they harvest from the sea
is safe. The government assures them it is, but they remain
skeptical.
* The U.S. Air Force conducted tests on Inupiat Eskimos,
Interior Athabascans and airmen to study how they withstood cold
weather by injecting them with radioactive iodine during the
1950s. The government never fully explained the experiment, and
though there is no proof that the experiments made these people
sick, the government paid out about $7.1 million in compensation.
* In the 1960s and 1970s, the Department of Defense conducted
secret biological and chemical warfare testing near the Gerstle
River, down the Alaska Highway. Officials with the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers said that cleanup efforts have left nothing
that would harm humans or wildlife.
* Some former soldiers and civilian workers claim the potent
defoliants Agent Orange and Agent Purple were sprayed along the
Alaska Highway and other places in Alaska. One Corps of
Engineers search turned up no evidence, but enough plausible
stories persist that the agency wants to conduct further surveys.
* Past military activity in and around Barrow has left tons of
garbage, including vehicles, barrels and other equipment, that
an Arctic storm washed off a ship into a nearby lagoon.
"My heart is so heavy toward the people dying of cancer," said
Larry Aiken, who voluntarily cleans up some military waste left
on the North Slope, during a 2003 conference on the military and
toxins in Alaska. "So heavy it hurts to see my people dying of
cancer."
The official response
Alaska became important to U.S defenses during World War II. At
that time, military watchposts began dotting the vast western
coast of Alaska to watch for Japanese invasions.
Years later, during the Cold War, much of rural Alaska again
served as a listening post to monitor the Soviet Union and other
communist countries.
When those services were no longer needed, many of the sites
were shut down. But instead of moving all the gear and equipment
out, the military left much of it in the remote locations, said
Pat Richardson, spokeswoman with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Since then, the corps has been investigating and cleaning up
the former military sites. "A lot of our cleanup is
petroleum-based products and PCBs from transformers," Richardson
said.
PCBs, or polychlorinated biphenyls, are a probable
cancer-causing agent in humans, according to the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, which regulates the handling
and disposal of PCBs.
The corps has identified 603 properties around Alaska that are
known as Formerly Used Defense Sites, an official name of the
corps program that has stringent guidelines for cleaning up old
military properties, Richardson said.
Of those sites, the corps has determined that 128 need cleanup;
10 of those have been cleaned to the state's satisfaction, and
40 are now priorities for the corps, Richardson said. Those span
the state: from St. Lawrence Island, to 300 miles of the defunct
Haines-to-Fairbanks petroleum pipeline, and down to Kodiak, she
said.
Tamar Stephens, a DEC environmental specialist, said properties
used by the military usually have a wide array of contaminants.
Villagers, aware of military activity because they have seen it
firsthand in their communities, always ask about cancer risks
from those contaminants, Stephens said, adding that the DEC
always investigates and establishes the cancer risk to humans.
"We do find carcinogenic things," she said. "The most common
thing are PCBs from the past mishandling of transformers. We are
always looking for PCBs."
But what role the contamination has in the high cancer rates for
Alaska Natives isn't known. Studies have been scant.
Cancer registry officials have said, though, that their data
have not yielded cancer clusters--an official grouping of people
with cancer caused by contamination. According to their figures,
only 11 percent of cancers nationally could be caused by
environmental factors other than tobacco.
The Alaska Native Science Commission is trying to determine
whether contamination has made it into the traditional foods of
Alaska Natives, said Patricia Cochran, the commission's
executive director. They have heard from Natives who wonder
about the safety of their foods. Preliminary studies indicate
that wild foods are relatively safe to eat, she said.
"There certainly is reason for concern in our community," she
said. "If people were to replace their traditional foods with
store-bought foods, we'd be in worse shape."
Agents Orange and Purple
Alaskans and others around the country know most about Agent
Orange from what they saw on television during the Vietnam War
and in the years that followed. Networks aired footage of aerial
tankers spraying the defoliant over the dense treetops, which
were hiding the enemy below.
Now most people know Agent Orange to be a cause of serious
illness. The chemical--just one of many products that Alaska
Natives say the military used in Alaska to their detriment--is
believed to have caused certain types of cancer, skin disease
and Type II diabetes in the war's veterans and others who came
into contact with it. The main toxic ingredient, dioxin, was an
unintentional byproduct of the manufacturing process and has
been called the world's deadliest manmade toxin by researchers.
But confusion exists over whether Agent Orange, or its more
potent cousin, Agent Purple, were even used in Alaska.
Consequently, there have been no studies concerning any
population along the old Haines-to-Fairbanks military pipeline
route, parallel to the Alaska Highway, that was reportedly
cleared with Agent Orange.
"The whole area is clouded with uncertainty," said Tracey Lynn,
program manager and epidemiologist in the Alaska Department of
Health and Social Services in 2003.
Nor has there been any official finding of deformities among
the wildlife that inhabits the area, said Bruce Woods, a public
affairs officer with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. "I
don't know of any studies," he said. "I suspect if something
were happening, it would have been noticed."
Last year, the Department of Environmental Conservation
searched military records to see if anything mentions herbicide
use, specifically Agent Orange or Purple, said Greg Light, a DEC
worker involved in the issue of military contamination but who
has since moved to a different department. Nothing was found,
but then herbicide bills of sale may not have been something the
Army kept track of, he said.
Last year, a state and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' search for
evidence that Agent Orange was used on the Alaska Highway
pipeline turned up no trace.
Nor is there any record of Agent Purple, which contained more
dioxin than Agent Orange, being used in Alaska, said Jean Mager
Stellman, who co-wrote an article published in the magazine
Nature. She is deputy director of Columbia University's health
and management department.
"I've read many of the records from researchers developing the
herbicides, and all their reports of round-the-world
testing/usage and nothing indicates that the military was
actually using the herbicides for those purposes at that time,"
she wrote in response to a News-Miner query in 2003.
But stories of Agent Orange and other potentially toxic
herbicide use have persisted, causing the Department of
Environmental Conservation and the Corps of Engineers to
consider further action.
The corps may conduct more soil tests to look for the remnants
of the herbicide, said John Halverson, DEC environmental
specialist in Anchorage.
The two agencies also will look for petroleum and other chemical
spills along the pipeline route.
John Erickson, a former worker at the Tok Alaska Communication
Services site, said he knows that Agent Orange was used. He said
the military ordered him to bury six barrels of the herbicide
there 30 years ago.
The corps hasn't been able to get permission from the current
land owner to search the property, which is covered with
construction equipment and several buildings, with little
growing on it but scrub brush. DEC is concerned about the Tok
site, too, Halverson said.
"It's definitely on our list of follow-up."
George Hanson's story
George Hanson says his leather work boots never dried the two
summers he sprayed herbicides to clear a path of trees and brush
that interfered with Interior Alaska communication lines vital
to national security in the 1950s.
By the end of the day he was saturated with the noxious
smelling stuff, so bad that soap and water couldn't wash away
the odor.
He never thought much about it then. It was just part of work.
He thinks a lot about it now.
"Even now all the hide comes off my legs and stuff," he said
from his modest trailer home in El Paso, Texas, where he lives
with his wife, Ruth. "I keep putting cream on them."
Hanson, 74, is convinced that his health problems stem from
when he was an Army sergeant saturating Alaska wilderness with
herbicides along the Alaska Highway, the Richardson Highway and
the Glenn Highway and all 42 White Alice sites.
Now he says he has less than 50 percent of his lung capacity and
he breaks out with unexplained hard lesions all over his body.
He suffers from chronic sinus trouble. He's had internal
aneurysms that doctors have been able to fix so far.
He won't survive another operation to repair them, he said.
Another man, Charles Gillick of Seldovia, who led the spray crew
after Hanson, has survived prostate cancer, a cancer linked to
the Vietnam-era defoliant Agent Orange. He suffered from an
unexplained skin rash on his shins and back.
"I have lumps all over my body," he said. They are painless and
hard and in his arms and abdomen. Surgeons at Elmendorf Air
Force Base removed a grapefruit-sized growth from his neck; the
biopsy was inconclusive, he said.
The Veterans Administration has repeatedly turned both down for
disability, they said. There is no record that they sprayed
herbicides, they say they've been told. That comes despite
Hanson providing signed affidavits, including from his
commanding officer, Col. Claude Harris, and others who served
with him verifying that he did what he says he did.
Hanson said the herbicide, which he said was called Barco, came
in 50-gallon barrels marked with a purple stripe. The crew mixed
the herbicide with an agent that caused the herbicide to stick
to the leaves. It came in another barrel with white lettering,
and the men called it "sticker," Hanson said.
The two chemicals were mixed with water pumped from lakes,
ponds, creeks and rivers and sprayed from a 1,000-gallon tank on
a spray truck. Sometimes the crew used backpack sprayers, he
said.
The product would kill everything, even a tree up to a foot in
diameter, Hanson said. "You could spray and in about three hours
you could see the difference."
Hanson said he was the only person to work the entire two
summers exclusively spraying the telephone rights of way and
White Alice sites.
Hanson said he is getting sicker.
"Sometimes I can't even get a whisper out," he said, oxygen
pumped from a canister through a clear tube lassoed around his
head to his nose. "I spit up yellowish-green crap out of my
lungs. All the lining is completely gone out of my lungs."
Diana Campbell can be reached at 459-7523 or
dcampbell@newsminer.com [dcampbell@newsminer.com] .
©2004 MediaNews Group, Inc. and Fairbanks Daily
News-Miner, Inc.
*****************************************************************
37 Observer-Reporter: Study: Greene residents sickened by pollution
© 2004
Observer Publishing Co. Washington, PA
Wednesday, December 8, 2004
BY CARA HOST, Staff writer
[chost@observer-reporter.com]
PITTSBURGH – An environmental study released Tuesday claims that
pollution in Greene County is making people sick, and the state
and federal government have failed to enforce laws that would
improve the situation.
"Greene County is a real-world example of what happens when the
state government and the federal government fail to do their
jobs," said Erik Olson, who co-authored the report as a senior
attorney for the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC), based
in Washington, D.C.
The study, entitled "Pollution Unchecked," faults federal
agencies and the state Department of Environmental Protection for
insufficient pollution monitoring and poor enforcement of
environmental laws.
DEP Secretary Kathleen McGinty said the study brings up some
important issues, but "there's no reason for the people of Greene
County to panic."
Many of the issues brought up in the report will be addressed
through Gov. Ed Rendell's Growing Greener II proposal, she said.
Lawmakers have not yet passed the measure, but it may be on the
spring ballot.
"The Legislature is failing the people of Pennsylvania by
dragging their feet on that legislation," McGinty said.
Three groups sponsored "Pollution Unchecked." Representatives
from the NRDC, Pennsylvania Environmental Council of Pittsburgh
and Monongahela Riverkeeper in Waynesburg discussed pollution's
effects on Greene County at a news conference at Carnegie Science
Center.
"As a former Greene County commissioner, this is not exactly how
I wanted to put Greene County on the map," said Farley Toothman
of Monongahela Riverkeeper. "However, what you heard about Greene
County and what you read in that report is not unique to Greene
County."
Pollution is a concern elsewhere in the region, but the NRDC
study focuses on Greene County because of arsenic levels in some
public water supplies, as well as the presence of Allegheny
Energy's Hatfields Ferry Power Station near Carmichaels, Olson
said.
Arsenic levels of 30 parts per billion were reported by two of
the six public water authorities in Greene County. That arsenic
level was detected nine years ago in water from Dunkard Valley
Joint Municipal Water Authority and East Dunkard Water
Association. The most recent testing detected no arsenic in
either water supply.
Those levels fall below the current federal water quality
standard of no more than 50 ppb, but above the new U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency standard of 10 ppb. That standard
will not become effective until January 2006.
Hatfields Ferry, as well as another Allegheny Energy power plant,
Fort Martin Power Station in Maidsville, W.Va., are cited as the
major sources of pollution in the county. However, other sources,
including abandoned coal mines and wildcat sewerage systems, also
contribute to pollution levels.
A precise level of contaminants in the air is hard to determine
because there is not enough air-quality monitoring, the report
claims. The DEP maintains one ambient air-quality monitoring
system in Greene County, in Holbrook, but the system does not
test for many of the pollutants emitted from Hatfields Ferry,
such as particulate matter, lead and heavy metals.
It also is difficult to determine the health impact on the local
community since the county is too small to host its own health
department to track those statistics. The NRDC study cites
National Cancer Institute data, which was collected from 1998 to
2000, that says the occurrence of cancer among Greene County
residents is higher than the state or national average. The
cancer rate in Greene is about 8 percent higher than the national
rate and 3 percent higher than the state rate.
Other evidence that indicates pollution-related health problems
in Greene County is anecdotal. The environmental groups provided
personal statements from residents of Masontown and Carmichaels
who fear that their family's health problems might be related to
the pollution in the area.
"Sickness, unfortunately, seems to be a way of life in
Carmichaels and other local communities. When I get together with
friends, we talk about the numbers of very young people we know
suffering heart attacks and lung disease. People as young as 30
are suffering from heart attacks," wrote Mary Lewis of
Carmichaels. Lewis said many of her children and grandchildren
have heart and lung disease.
Concrete health statistics are largely unavailable. "But that
should not be used as an excuse for not (cleaning up) the
environment now," said Devra Davis, director of the Center of
Environmental Oncology at the University of Pittsburgh and author
of the book, "When Smoke Runs Like Water."
"The point is that the exposures here are above what have been
determined to be hazardous in other areas," she continued.
NRDC calls on the DEP to require regular testing of the drinking
water for arsenic and other contaminants. Olson said the testing
is especially important in places near Hatfields Ferry, which
released more than 7 million pounds of pollutants in 2002,
including arsenic, beryllium and other chemicals, according to
the EPA Toxics Release Inventory.
The study also recommended more air quality-monitoring stations,
particularly near Hatfields Ferry. Pennsylvania and West Virginia
environmental agencies should strengthen permitting systems for
power plants and other potential pollution sources and enforce
permit violations through fines or lawsuits, the report said.
*****************************************************************
38 Star Tribune: Cleanup at Arden Hills munitions plant goes to the public tonight
[http://www.startribune.com]
Last update: December 8, 2004 at 6:38 AM
Tom Meersman,
Federal officials will hold a public meeting this evening to
discuss radioactive waste cleanup at the Twin Cities Army
Ammunition Plant in Arden Hills.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission spokeswoman Viktoria Mitlyng said
a former munitions manufacturing site there has been restored so
that it can be used for other purposes. It is part of a 775-acre
property owned by the federal government. Parts of the property
eventually could be redeveloped.
The cleanup involved depleted uranium, which Honeywell workers
machined from bars into munitions from the mid-1970s to the late
1980s. The density of the depleted uranium allows the
projectiles to penetrate hard surfaces, such as tank armor.
Because the uranium retained some radioactivity, Honeywell had a
license from the NRC to handle the material and dispose of
wastes.
Alliant Techsystems, the Edina defense contractor spun off from
Honeywell in 1990, cleaned up the uranium over the past four
years. Dave Gosen, the company's director of environmental
remediation, said the contaminated material was in walls, floors
and ceilings of the 25,000-square-foot-building where
projectiles were manufactured. Most of the structure was
demolished, Gosen said, and the contaminated debris and soil
were shipped to licensed radioactive-waste disposal sites
outside of Minnesota. He declined to answer how much the cleanup
cost.
The meeting will begin at 6:30 p.m., in Arden Hills City Hall,
1245 W. Hwy. 96. NRC officials will offer an update on the
cleanup and take questions and comments, Mitlyng said. In a few
weeks, the NRC expects to approve the uranium cleanup as
completed.
Other parts of the former Ammunition Plant were contaminated
with solvents and other hazardous chemicals. Several sites are
being cleaned up under the supervision of the Army, which has
leased the land to defense contractors for more than half a
century.
Tom Meersman is at meersman@startribune.com
[meersman@startribune.com] .
Return to top
[Star Tribune] © 2004 Star Tribune. All rights reserved.
*****************************************************************
39 AU ABC: Olympic Dam plans prompt uranium transport fears
[http://abc.net.au/]
Wednesday, 8 December 2004
Environmentalists are calling for extensive studies into how a
multi-billion dollar expansion of South Australia's Olympic Dam
would affect the transportation of yellowcake uranium from the
mine.
WMC Resources is seeking state, territory and Federal Government
approval to transport yellowcake from Roxby Downs on the
Adelaide to Darwin railway.
Friends of the Earth spokesman Jim Green says the amount of
uranium being transported could double or even triple with an
expansion of the mine.
He says it needs to be proven that rail will be the safest
option in the long-term.
"They can't simply go for their preferred option and the
cheapest option without doing those scientific studies, but also
the risks, say if they're going to take the yellowcake to Darwin
ports instead of Adelaide ports, there are obviously increased
risks in Darwin and decreased risks in Adelaide," he said.
"So it's a question of what sort of compensation applies and
whether territorians will accept those risks."
Last Updated: 08/12/2004 12:47:00 (ACDT)
[ABC Online] [http://www.abc.net.au/common/copyrigh.htm] |
[http://www.abc.net.au/privacy.htm] |
*****************************************************************
40 NRC: Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste; Notice of Meeting
FR Doc 04-26901
[Federal Register: December 8, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 235)]
[Notices] [Page 71084-71085] From the Federal Register Online via
GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr08de04-136]
The Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste (ACNW) will hold its
156th meeting on December 13-14, 2004, Room T-2B3, 11545
Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland.
The schedule for this meeting is as follows: Monday, December 13,
2004 2:30 p.m.-2:40 p.m.: Opening Statement (Open)--The ACNW
Chairman will open the meeting with brief opening remarks.
2:40 p.m.-3:45 p.m.: Preparation for Meeting with the NRC
Commissioners (Open)--The Committee will discuss the proposed
presentation topics for its meeting with the NRC Commissioners,
which is scheduled to be held between 9:30 a.m. and 11:30 a.m. on
Wednesday, March 16, 2005.
4 p.m.-5 p.m.: Time-of-Compliance for a Proposed High-Level Waste
Repository (Open)--The Committee will discuss its previous
recommendations regarding time-of-compliance for a proposed
high-level waste repository.
5 p.m.-6 p.m.: ACNW 2005 Operating Plan (Open)--The ACNW
Committee will continue its discussions and finalize the relevant
sections of the 2005 Operating Plan.
Tuesday, December 14, 2004 8:30 a.m.-8:35 a.m.: Opening Statement
(Open)--The ACNW Chairman will make opening remarks regarding the
conduct of today's sessions.
8:35 a.m.-10 a.m.: Agreement State Program (Open)--The Committee
will receive an update from the Director, Office of State and
Tribal Programs (OSTP) on recent activities of his office.
10:15 a.m.-11:30 a.m.: Working Group Planning Session (Open)--The
Members will discuss draft prospectuses for proposed 2005 working
group meetings.
1 p.m.-4:30 p.m.: Sealed Sources (Open)--The Committee will hear
from representatives of the NRC staff, DOE, State of Maryland
Department of Radiation Protection and other stakeholders on
recent activities related to the control and tracking of sealed
sources.
4:30 p.m.-5 p.m.: Preparation of ACNW Report (Open)--The
Committee will discuss the ACNW report on Sealed Sources
(Tentative).
5 p.m.-5:15 p.m.: Miscellaneous (Open)--The Committee will
discuss matters related to the conduct of Committee activities
and matters and specific issues that were not completed during
previous meetings, as time and availability of information
permit.
Procedures for the conduct of and participation in ACNW meetings
were published in the Federal Register on October 18, 2004 (69 FR
61416). In
[[Page 71085]] accordance with these procedures, oral or written
statements may be presented by members of the public. Electronic
recordings will be permitted only during those portions of the
meeting that are open to the public. Persons desiring to make
oral statements should notify Mr. Howard J. Larson, (Telephone
301-415-6805), between 7:30 a.m. and 4 p.m. e.t., as far in
advance as practicable so that appropriate arrangements can be
made to schedule the necessary time during the meeting for such
statements. Use of still, motion picture, and television cameras
during this meeting will be limited to selected portions of the
meeting as determined by the ACNW Chairman.
Information regarding the time to be set aside for taking
pictures may be obtained by contacting the ACNW office prior to
the meeting. In view of the possibility that the schedule for
ACNW meetings may be adjusted by the Chairman as necessary to
facilitate the conduct of the meeting, persons planning to attend
should notify Mr. Howard J. Larson as to their particular needs.
Further information regarding topics to be discussed, whether the
meeting has been canceled or rescheduled, the Chairman's ruling
on requests for the opportunity to present oral statements and
the time allotted, therefore can be obtained by contacting Mr.
Howard J. Larson.
ACNW meeting agenda, meeting transcripts, and letter reports are
available through the NRC Public Document Room at [pdr@nrc.gov]
, or by calling the PDR at 1-800-397-4209, or from the Publicly
Available Records System (PARS) component of NRC's document
system (ADAMS) which is accessible from the NRC Web site at
[http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/leaving.cgi?from=leaving
FR.html&log=linklog&to=http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html]
or
[http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/leaving.cgi?from=leaving
FR.html&log=linklog&to=http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collecti
ons/] (ACRS & ACNW Mtg schedules/agendas).
Video Teleconferencing service is available for observing open
sessions of ACNW meetings. Those wishing to use this service for
observing ACNW meetings should contact Mr. Theron Brown, ACNW
Audiovisual Technician (301-415-8066), between 7:30 a.m. and 3:45
p.m. e.t., at least 10 days before the meeting to ensure the
availability of this service. Individuals or organizations
requesting this service will be responsible for telephone line
charges and for providing the equipment and facilities that they
use to establish the video teleconferencing link. The
availability of video teleconferencing services is not
guaranteed.
The ACNW meeting dates for Calendar Year 2005 are provided below:
-----------------------------------------------------------------
------- ACNW meeting No. Meeting dates
-----------------------------------------------------------------
------- January 2005 (No meeting).
157................................ February 23-25, 2005.
158................................ March 15-17, 2005.
159................................ April 19-21, 2005.
160................................ May 17-19, 2005.
161................................ June 15-17, 2005.
162................................ July 19-21, 2005. August
2005 (No meeting).
163................................ September 20-22, 2005.
164................................ October 18-20, 2005.
November 2005 (No meeting).
165................................ December 13-15, 2005.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
------- Dated: December 1, 2004.
Andrew L. Bates, Advisory Committee Management Officer.
[FR Doc. 04-26901 Filed 12-7-04; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 7590-01-P
*****************************************************************
41 NRC: General Electric Company Notice of Issuance of an Environmental
FR Doc 04-26904
[Federal Register: December 8, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 235)]
[Notices] [Page 71082-71084] From the Federal Register Online via
GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr08de04-135]
Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact for License
Renewal of the Morris Operation Independent Spent Fuel Storage
Installation AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
ACTION: Environmental assessment.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Christopher M. Regan, Senior
Project Manager, Spent Fuel Project Office,
[[Page 71083]] Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards,
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555.
Telephone: (301) 415-1179; fax number: (301) 415-1179; e-mail:
cmr1@nrc.gov [cmr1@nrc.gov] .
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(NRC or the Commission) is considering the renewal of the
materials license under the requirements of Title 10 of the Code
of Federal Regulations, part 72 (10 CFR part 72), to the General
Electric Company (the applicant), authorizing the operation for
an additional 20 years, beyond the initial license term, of the
General Electric Morris Operation (GEMO) independent spent fuel
storage installation (ISFSI) located in Grundy County, Illinois.
The Commission's Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards
(NMSS) has completed its review of the environmental report,
submitted by the applicant on May 22, 2000, in support of its
application for renewal of its materials license.
The staff's ``Environmental Assessment Related to the License
Renewal of the General Electric Morris Operation Independent
Spent Fuel Storage Installation'' has been issued in accordance
with 10 CFR part 51.
I. Summary of Environmental Assessment (EA) Description of the
Proposed Action: The proposed licensing action would renew the
license to operate a wet storage ISFSI at the GEMO site. The
purpose of the ISFSI is to provide for interim storage of spent
nuclear fuel generated from the operation of nuclear power
reactors using natural water for cooling and enriched Uranium-235
fuel. The GEMO ISFSI is a wet pool storage design and is the only
wet ``away from reactor'' ISFSI of its kind in the U.S. The major
components of the system for storage of spent nuclear fuel
include the stainless steel lined concrete storage basins, the
pool structure, the spent fuel storage grid structure and fuel
storage baskets each containing nine boiling water reactor (BWR)
spent fuel assemblies or twelve pressurized water (PWR) spent
fuel assemblies, ancillary equipment necessary for the movement
of spent nuclear fuel, e.g., cranes and basket grappling devices,
and equipment necessary for the maintenance of the pool water
quality and level. A license issued for an ISFSI under 10 CFR
part 72 is issued for a fixed period not to exceed 20 years. The
proposed GEMO ISFSI renewed license will expire in May 2022, 20
years from expiration of the current ISFSI license.
Need for the Proposed Action: The GEMO ISFSI is needed to provide
continued interim storage capacity until such a time that the
spent nuclear fuel will be accepted for disposition at a Federal
repository. A denial of the request to renew the ISFSI license
would result in the cessation of normal operations and the
beginning of decommissioning activities. By providing continued
interim storage in the GEMO ISFSI there will be no immediate need
to move the fuel to another interim storage facility.
Environmental Impacts of the Proposed Action: The NRC staff has
concluded that the continued operation of the GEMO ISFSI will not
result in a significant impact to the environment. The prior NRC
Environmental Impact Appraisal associated with the issuance of
Materials License SNM-2500 in May 1982 continues to form the
basis for assessing the potential environmental impacts of the
proposed license renewal action. The environmental impacts
associated with the proposed action concentrate on only those
impacts projected to occur during the 20 year license renewal
time period. Environmental impacts include the potential direct
effects on the ambient environment and its resources. These
potential impacts can be categorized as non-radiological and
radiological impacts.
There will be no significant radiological or non-radiological
environmental impacts from routine operation of the GEMO ISFSI
during the extended period of operation. The ISFSI is essentially
a passive facility with no liquid and gaseous effluents released
from the ISFSI that exceed Federal regulatory limits. The
continued operation of the GEMO ISFSI will result in no change to
the current impact on land use, water resources, air quality,
generation of wastewater, geology, biota, cultural resources, and
area demographics and socio-economics.
The GEMO ISFSI is in its completed configuration and as such
there will be no environmental impacts from construction
activities. The staff does not expect operation of the GEMO ISFSI
for an additional period of 20 years to impact any threatened or
endangered species. The radiological dose rates from the spent
fuel pool will be limited by the design of the basin, the depth
of basin water, and the basin superstructure.
The total occupational dose to workers at the GEMO site resulting
from continued ISFSI operation will have a small impact on
workers or the public, but all occupational doses must be
maintained below the limits specified in 10 CFR part 20. The
annual dose to the nearest resident from GEMO ISFSI activities
remains significantly below the annual dose limits specified in
10 CFR 72.104 and 10 CFR 20.1301 (25 mrem and 100 mrem,
respectively). The cumulative dose to an individual offsite from
all site activities will be 2.2 x 10-\5\ mrem/year, which is also
much less than the limits specified in 10 CFR 72.104 and 10 CFR
20.1301. These doses are also a small fraction of the doses
resulting from naturally-occurring terrestrial and cosmic
radiation of about 100 mrem/yr in the vicinity of the GEMO ISFSI.
Additionally, occupational doses received by facility workers
will not exceed the limits specified in 10 CFR 20.1201. For
hypothetical accidents, the calculated dose to an individual at
the nearest site boundary is well below the 5 rem limit for
accidents set forth in 10 CFR 72.106(b) and in the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's protective action guidelines.
Alternatives to the Proposed Action: The applicant's
Environmental Report and the staff's EA discuss the No Action
alternative to renewal of the GEMO ISFSI license. The No-Action
alternative includes shipment of the spent nuclear fuel off site
to another NRC licensed interim storage facility and subsequent
decommissioning of the GEMO ISFSI. Other alternatives, including
shipping of spent nuclear fuel from GEMO to a permanent Federal
repository, to a reprocessing facility, or to a privately owned
spent fuel storage facility were determined to be non- viable
alternatives, as no such facilities are currently available in
the United States, and shipping the spent fuel overseas is
impractical in light of the political, legal, and logistical
uncertainties and the high cost and therefore were also not
considered viable alternatives. The No-Action alternative
considered the environmental consequences of shipping the GEMO
spent nuclear fuel inventory to another NRC licensed ISFSI and
the consequences of immediate decommissioning and decontamination
(D) verses D at the end of the renewed license renewal term.
The environmental impacts from the No-Action alternative include
an immediate short term increase in air releases from machinery
necessary for the transport of the spent nuclear fuel offsite and
the equipment necessary for dismantling and demolition of the
GEMO buildings. Additionally, there will be a small impact on
water resources resulting from an increase in water consumption
from decontamination activities necessary for fuel shipment. The
specific type of D activities will remain unchanged, however, the
activities would be undertaken immediately rather than at
[[Page 71084]] the end of the proposed 20-year extended period of
operation.
Onsite facilities are capable of processing of the sanitary
wastewater generated by D activities and therefore D activities
would result in no long-term small impacts. The No-Action
alternative would result in no other non-radiological long-term
small impacts. The No-Action alternative would require movement
of the spent nuclear fuel inventory to another NRC licensed
ISFSI. These activities are similar to, but in reverse of,
receipt operations and do result in an increased level of
occupational exposures and exposure to the public. Shipment of
the spent nuclear fuel to another NRC licensed ISFSI before the
Federal repository is ready to receive the fuel would result in
two separate shipping activities, the first shipment moving the
spent nuclear fuel from the GEMO ISFSI to another NRC licensed
ISFSI, and the second from the second NRC licensed ISFSI to the
Federal repository. Two shipments would result in more
radiological consequences than a single shipment. Additionally,
since the constituents of the spent nuclear fuel decay over time
the radiological impacts of shipment would be larger if the spent
nuclear fuel were moved immediately verses movement at the end of
the proposed license renewal period in the year 2022. In the
long-term, the immediate decommissioning of the GEMO ISFSI would
have a larger negative impact on the local economy and
infrastructure than if decommissioning were to take place at the
end of the proposed extended period of operation. For the reasons
cited above, the No-Action alternative considered is a less
practical alternative.
As discussed in the EA, the Commission has concluded that there
are no significant environmental impacts associated with the
proposed license renewal of the GEMO ISFSI, and other
alternatives were not pursued because of additional occupational
exposures, and the impracticality of other offsite storage
options.
Agencies and Persons Contacted: Officials from the Illinois
Emergency Management Agency and the Illinois Office of the
Governor were contacted in preparing the staff's Environmental
Assessment. The Illinois Emergency Management Agency, provided
comments by letter dated May 14, 2004. These comments have been
addressed in the Environmental Assessment.
II. Finding of No Significant Impact The staff has reviewed the
environmental impacts for the proposed license renewal of the
GEMO ISFSI relative to the requirements set forth in 10 CFR part
51, and has prepared an Environmental Assessment. Based on the
Environmental Assessment, the staff concludes that there are no
significant radiological or non-radiological impacts associated
with the proposed action and that issuance of a renewed license
for the interim storage of spent nuclear fuel at the GEMO ISFSI
will have no significant impact on the quality of the human
environment.
Therefore, pursuant to 10 CFR 51.31 and 51.32, a finding of no
significant impact is appropriate and an environmental impact
statement need not be prepared for the issuance of a renewed
materials license for the GEMO ISFSI.
Further details related to this proposed action are provided in
the license application, dated May 5, 2000, as supplemented
August 13, 2001, September 27, 2003, and August 9, 2004, and the
staff's Environmental Assessment, dated November 30, 2004.
However, as of October 25, 2004, the NRC initiated an additional
security review of publicly available documents to ensure that
potentially sensitive information is removed from the Agencywide
Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS) database
accessible through the NRC's Web site at:
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html
[http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/leaving.cgi?from=leaving
FR.html&log=linklog&to=http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html]
. Interested members of the public should check the NRC's Web
pages for updates on the availability of documents through the
ADAMS system. Copies of the referenced documents are available
for review and/or copying at the Commission's Public Document
Room, One White Flint North Building, 11555 Rockville Pike,
Rockville, Maryland, pending resumption of public access to
ADAMS. The NRC Public Document Room (PDR) Reference staff can be
contacted at 1-800-397-4209, (301) 415-4737 or by e-mail to
pdr@nrc.gov [ pdr@nrc.gov] . Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this
30th day of November 2004.
For the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Christopher M. Regan,
Senior Project Manager, Spent Fuel Project Office, Office of
Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards.
[FR Doc. 04-26904 Filed 12-7-04; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 7590-01-P
*****************************************************************
42 Bradenton Herald: Tallevast residents want answers
| 12/08/2004 |
[This unused commercial property at the southeast corner of
Tallevast Road and 15th Street East, currently owned by WHOGAS,
Inc., of Sarasota, is being tested to determine if environmental
contamination still exists. The last time the site was tested
was in 1996.]
HERALD FILE PHOTO
This unused commercial property at the southeast corner of
Tallevast Road and 15th Street East, currently owned by WHOGAS,
Inc., of Sarasota, is being tested to determine if environmental
contamination still exists. The last time the site was tested was
in 1996.
DONNA WRIGHT
Herald Staff Writer
Tallevast residents want answers.
Did a past industrial spill put their health at risk?
Are the illnesses, miscarriages and cancers they have
experienced during the past 40 years connected to toxins
released by the now-defunct Loral American Beryllium Co.?
The questions don't stop at Tallavest's borders.
Former employees of the Tallavest plant want to know if their
exposure to beryllium dust during the processing of the exotic
metal put them at risk for a rare and sometimes fatal lung
disease.
Residents who lived close to the plant are concerned about
chronic beryllium disease, too, because of their exposure to
dust from the factory.
Finding answers to those long-term health questions could take
months, if not years, as scientists and industrial health
experts run tests to learn who might have been exposed to what
toxins in the air, groundwater and even private, drinking-water
wells.
Local and state health officials are scheduled to update
residents today on the Tallevast Health Assessment, an official
study being conducted by a state team under the supervision of
the federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
Participants will also hear an overview of the county's plan to
test former workers and residents known to have a past high risk
of exposure to beryllium dust, said Dr. Gladys Branic, Manatee
County's health department director.
Branic said she will also share her strategy for collecting
medical histories by sending health workers door to door to
gather data on cancer deaths among Tallevast's 85 households.
That data will then be matched with maps of the contamination
area to see if any patterns emerge, Branic said.
In preparation for tonight's meeting the Herald reviews the
situation in Tallevast and some of the health concerns expressed
by residents and former workers on page 11A.
Beryllium contamination questions answered
When were the toxins found?
In 2000 state environmental officials discovered cancer-causing
solvents had leaked from the former American Beryllium plant
into the soil and groundwater under and around the plant. The
toxins also contaminated wells some Tallevast residents used for
drinking water. Three years passed before the public was
informed of the toxic spill.
What toxins were found?
The primary contaminate found was trichloroethylene or TCE.
Levels of TCE 10,000 times the state's allowable standard were
found in one hot spot beneath the plant. Tests on 17 private
wells revealed five contained levels of TCE above the state's
allowable standards.
What illnesses have Tallevast residents reported to the Florida
Department of Health?
Survey results submitted to the state on June 16 list breast,
ovarian and liver cancers, leukemia, miscarriages, respiratory
problems, sinus infections, heart valve and circulatory
problems, seizure, diabetes, lupus, high blood pressure,
epilepsy, rash , kidney damage, thyroid problems, allergies,
vertigo and phlebitis.
What are health officials doing with this list?
All of the concerns reported to the Department of Health are
going to be addressed in the Tallevast Public Health Assessment.
What is a public health assessment?
A scientific process to answer health questions raised by
members of a defined community facing a public health threat.
The community's questions and concerns are investigated by
local, state and federal health experts. Their findings are
reported to the Agency For Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
(ATSDR), which funds the assessment process. ATSDR reviews the
study findings before the final report is issued, said Randy
Merchant, assessment team leader.
What contaminant poses the greatest health risk to the public?
Trichloroethylene or TCE is the primary contaminate, according
to Charles Henry of the Manatee County Health Department. TCE is
the one contaminate that had a route of exposure through
drinking water wells, Henry said.
What health risks are associated with TCE?
Drinking or breathing high levels of TCE may cause damage to the
nervous system, damage to the liver and lungs, abnormal heart
beat, coma and possible death, as stated on the ATSDR Web site.
ATSDR cautions that breathing small amounts of the toxic solvent
can cause headaches, lung irritation, dizziness, poor
coordination and difficulty concentrating.
Breathing large amounts can cause impaired heart function,
unconsciousness and death, the agency warns.
Drinking large amounts of TCE may cause nausea, liver damage,
unconsciousness, impaired heart function or even death.
Liver and kidney damage, impaired immune system function and
impaired fetal development in pregnant women can result from
drinking even small amounts over a long period of time, the
ATSDR reports says.
TCE contact with the skin can produce rashes.
Some studies of people who have been exposed to high levels of
TCE in drinking water or in workplace air over long periods of
time have shown increased incidents of cancers.
Exposure to TCE can be detected through breath, blood and urine
tests.
Have past chemical leaks and beryllium dust emissions put nearby
residents and former workers at risk?
Local, state and federal health experts are trying to find
answers to those questions. A release of dust from an industrial
plant does not always lead to exposure, the CDC says. You were
exposed only if you came in contact with the dust or other toxic
chemicals that may have leaked from the plant.
Machinists or those employees who came in direct contact with
levels of dust associated with chronic beryllium disease in
other settings may carry a lifetime risk, said Dr. Lisa Maier, a
nationally known lung expert from National Jewish Medical and
Research Center in Denver.
Those workers could spread the risk, Maier said, if they have
contact with others while wearing dusty clothing or a family
member launders that dusty clothing.
A minority of people develop chronic beryllium disease, Maier
cautioned. Some people may be unaffected by exposure to the dust
while for others inhaling the toxic particles can produce
profound symptoms and chronic beryllium disease.
What is beryllium?
Beryllium is a naturally occurring metal found in rocks, soil
and even many foods, says an ATSDR fact sheet. In its pure form
beryllium metal is used in nuclear weapons and reactors,
aircraft and space vehicle structures, instruments, X-ray
machines and mirrors. Beryllium alloys are used for golf clubs
and bicycle frames as well as dental bridges and automobiles.
Can exposure to beryllium make you sick?
Beryllium can be harmful if you inhale it depending upon how
much and how long you are exposed to it, says the Centers for
Disease Control in Atlanta. If you are exposed to beryllium
dust, many factors come into play on whether you will be harmed,
the CDC says. Those factors include how much beryllium you
breath in, the length of time you inhale the dust and how you
came in contact with it. Other factors include other chemicals
you have been exposed to, your age, sex, diet, family traits,
lifestyle and state of health.
Handling beryllium in its solid form is not known to cause
illness, according to a fact sheet from National Jewish Center.
Beryllium primarily affects the lungs, but if beryllium enters
the skin through a sliver or a cut, it can also cause a rash or
wart-like skin bumps. Wounds that contain beryllium dust may be
slow to heal.
What is beryllium sensitization?
Sensitization is an allergic reaction to beryllium that does not
produce any symptoms, the National Jewish Center fact sheet
says. Sensitization can develop after a person breathes
beryllium dust or fumes.
Sensitization occurs when the body's immune system sees
beryllium as a "foreign invader" and builds an army of cells in
the bloodstream that are prepared to attack beryllium whenever
they see it, the fact sheet says.
Is there a test for beryllium sensitization?
Yes. It's called the beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test or
BeLPT. Pioneered by scientists at National Jewish Center, the
blood test is now offered at only five labs throughout the
nation.
How does the test work?
Some of the army of white blood cells prepared to attack
beryllium can be found in the blood. The BeLPT measures
beryllium sensitization, the National Jewish Center fact sheet
says. Individuals who have not developed beryllium sensitization
will not respond to beryllium in any manner.
The blood test is an important first step in diagnosing disease
but it cannot determine if you have chronic beryllium disease.
Individuals who have two or more abnormal BeLPT tests are
encouraged to have other diagnostic tests to determine if
chronic beryllium disease is present, National Jewish Center
advises.
How is the test done?
A small amount of blood is drawn from a vein in your arm. The
white blood cells are then separated from the rest of the blood
cells and mixed with a beryllium solution.
If your body is sensitized to beryllium, those cells will
multiply, the National Jewish fact sheet says.
If your body is not sensitized the cells will not multiply, the
fact sheet says.
Who should have a BeLPT?
National Jewish advises the following people have BeLPT tests:
• Individuals who work with beryllium or have in the past.
• Individuals who have been in buildings where beryllium dust or
fumes was created by others.
• Individuals who have disturbed beryllium dust in some manner -
janitors or construction workers.
• Family members of workers who wore beryllium-contaminated
clothing or shoes home from work.
• Short-term employees, including summer students, since chronic
beryllium disease can develop within a few months of exposure.
• Any person with lung disease, especially scarring of the
lungs, who has current or past exposure to beryllium.
How much does the blood test cost?
Prices for the test range from $210 to $600, depending upon the
laboratory that does the test.
Are there programs that will cover the cost of the test?
Former employees of American Beryllium Co. may qualify for free
testing through the Energy Employees Occupational Illness
Compensation Act.
Manatee County has allocated the health department $50,000 to
pay for blood tests for former workers, their family members who
resided with them during the period of their employment and
those residents who either lived in close proximity to American
Beryllium or had a close association with workers.
The health department is providing $4,000 in in-kind services to
do the blood draws and ship the tests to the participating lab.
Those who apply for tests will be asked to sign a statement that
neither the county nor the state bears any responsibility for
the cost of treatment, Branic said.
Branic said the testing program will focus on those individuals
at highest risk. Applicants for the local health department
testing program must be current Manatee County residents.
Are residents eligible for compensation?
No. Only workers are eligible for compensation through the
Department of Energy program.
Just taking the blood test does not qualify anyone for any lump
sum payment, Branic said.
What is chronic beryllium disease? What are the symptoms? Is
there a cure?
Chronic beryllium disease results when the battle between the
immune system and the beryllium particles results in scarring in
the lungs, the National Jewish Center fact sheet says.
No symptoms may be evident at first, but as the disease
progresses, patients may experience shortness of breath, dry
cough, fatigue, night sweats, chest and joint pain and lost of
appetite, the fact sheet says.
There is no cure, but immunosuppressive drugs like prednisone
can help slow the body's response to beryllium and decrease
symptoms while improving gas exchange between the lungs and
bloodstream.
TONIGHT'S MEETING
WHAT: Tallevast Community Health Meeting
WHEN: 7 p.m. today
WHERE: Mount Tabor Missionary Baptist Church Meeting Hall, 1703
Tallevast Road
SUBJECT: Update of health issues connected to the former
American Beryllium Co. site
ON PAGE 11A: Support grows for stopping construction in
contamination-plagued Tallevast
Donna Wright, h ealth and social services reporter, can be
reached at 745-7049 or at dwright@bradentonherald.com
[dwright@bradentonherald.com] .
*****************************************************************
43 L.A. Daily News: Bermite site sale eyed
Article Published: Tuesday, December 07, 2004 -
Upland firm wants former munitions plant
By Susan Abram, Staff Writer
SANTA CLARITA -- An Upland-based real estate group has entered
into an agreement to buy the contaminated Whittaker-Bermite
property, a site the city has been eager to clean up and develop
for years.
Lewis-Soledad Canyon LLC filed a motion of interest in an
Arizona bankruptcy court Tuesday to make way for the possible
purchase from three shareholders of the 996 acres.
"They believe they have all the resources to pull the top
experts together to remediate the property," said Annette
McCluskey, spokeswoman for the Lewis Group of Companies.
The Lewis Group is considered one of the nation's largest
privately held real estate development groups, McCluskey said.
The Lewis Group focuses on developing mixed-use planned
communities and residential subdivisions in California and
Nevada, as well as building multifamily communities, shopping
centers, office parks and industrial space, according to its Web
site.
For nearly 50 years, the 996 acres off Soledad Canyon Road were
used by defense contractors to build and test dynamite,
Sidewinder missiles and small rockets used in World War II, the
Korean War, the Vietnam War and the Cold War.
Manufacturing operations at Whittaker-Bermite concluded in 1987,
but the site is contaminated with various chemical compounds,
including perchlorate and heavy metals, solvents and possibly
remnants of fired munitions, which have migrated into the
valley's groundwater system.
The area is known locally as the "doughnut hole," because it
sits undeveloped in the middle of the city of Santa Clarita.
Because of perchlorate contamination, five drinking water wells
have been closed and an extensive cleanup effort ordered.
The Castaic Lake Water Agency, working with the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers since 2002, is working to design a process to purify
the contaminated areas. The capital cost is $4 million, agency
officials estimate, and an additional $1 million annually for the
cleanup.
Santa Clarita officials have said the city's best chance of
quickly cleaning up Bermite and the water supply was if a
developer specializing in contaminated properties would acquire
it to build a mix of homes and commercial developments.
Cherokee Investment Partners, a North Carolina-based firm that
specializes in such projects, has been interested in the property
for more than two years. But Cherokee's bid for the land has
stalled because of the $65 million worth of liens on the
property.
"We have been pursuing purchase of this site for more than two
years and feel we have a handle on remediation needs and
requirements," said Cherokee spokesman Dwight Stenseth, who was
visiting Santa Clarita Tuesday to discuss the issue with city
officials.
"We've talked to all the various stakeholders and we are
strongly interested in moving forward," he said.
The Lewis Groups' court filing will open the doors for other
companies to make bids on the property.
"This company coming in and developing an agreement doesn't
preclude other entities from bidding on the property as well,"
said Santa Clarita Planning Manager Lisa Hardy. "There are any
number of bidders that can throw their hats in."
Despite the long process of waiting for a suitable company to
take over the site, city officials have maintained they have
certain expectations for whoever gets ownership.
"We're looking for a company that has the financial wherewithal
and technical expertise to address the contamination of this
property," Hardy said. "We're looking for a company that can
expedite the remediations and clean it to the most conservative
levels."
The site's current condition has stood in the way of future
developments, Hardy said, though the portion of the 8.5-mile
Cross Valley Connector that crosses through Whittaker-Bermite has
been completed.
"The No. 1 goal is to protect the general welfare of the
population," Hardy said. "There is a sense of urgency to expedite
the cleanup, to bring this blighted industrial property to use --
from open space to institutional use."
Susan Abram, (661) 257-5257 susan.abram@dailynews.com
[susan.abram@dailynews.com]
Copyright © 2004 Los Angeles Daily News Los Angeles
*****************************************************************
44 Free Lance-Star!: Yucca Mountain repository is not the answer for nuclear waste
[http://www.fredericksburg.com]
Wednesday, Dec. 8, 2004
How would Virginians like it if the feds wanted to deposit
nuclear waste in the Shenandoah Valley?
J.WINSTON PORTER ["How to wise- ly deal with nuclear waste? Uti-
lize Yucca Mountain," Nov. 22] suggested the answer to the
country's growing nuclear-waste problem involves moving the
waste from 39 states to Yucca Mountain, Nev. The commentary
contained distortions propagated by those hoping to make the
national nuclear-waste problem disappear from public awareness,
though they cannot make the waste itself disappear.
Porter's thesis seems to be that any solution is better than no
solution. Nothing could be further from the truth.
Except as otherwise noted, the data in this commentary come from
the Department of Energy's 2002 Final Environmental Impact
Statement.
Porter starts with "Congress designated Yucca Mountain as the
site for a national waste repository in 1987," and asks whether
we wouldn't all be better off burying the waste "a half-mile
deep."
Both of these headline statements are false. Congress directed
the government to evaluate Yucca Mountain for suitability. The
actual depth of waste burial is still to be determined, but it
appears that it would be in the range of 660 feet to 1,000 feet,
far less than a "half-mile."
After 17 years of study, it is clear that Yucca Mountain is not
a suitable site. A magnitude 5.2 earthquake there damaged DOE
buildings in 1992.
DOE has repeatedly watered down the criteria for the site, so
Yucca Mountain could qualify even though it does not meet the
original safety standards.
In July, a federal appeals court said that the government would
have to show it could contain waste for hundreds of thousands of
years, not just 10,000 years!
Congress directed study of a storage facility of 70,000 metric
tons, but DOE now estimates that at least 129,000 tons will need
to be stored. DOE is also subsidizing early site permit
processes to expand nuclear plants around the country (including
a doubling of nuclear reactors at Lake Anna) even though the
proposed federal nuclear-waste storage facility would already be
oversubscribed. Is that good public policy?
Although past proposals consider burying the waste immediately
so that it gets as hot as a self-cleaning oven, the federal
environmental impact statement contemplated the more sensible
approach that the waste would be stored aboveground for the
first 50 years after arrival for cooling.
Putting the waste inside would take 24 years, and closing the
repository (actually burying the waste) would start from 74
years to 300 years after the waste is in place. Would you trust
government or a contractor to reliably and economically manage a
project that takes more than a century?
Before I moved to Virginia, I lived in Nevada and worked in the
power industry for 18 years. The nearest sizeable town to Yucca
Mountain is just 14 miles away, and a national park is within 22
miles. Even in the desert, these areas are connected by
underground aquifers.
In fact, according to the U.S. Geological Survey, Yucca Mountain
is one of the best-documented places where water flows from
underneath one mountain range to the next. Neighboring Clark
County has more than 1.4 million people. Between 1990 and 2000,
the population in the three nearest counties grew by 88 percent.
Here in Virginia, we strongly believe in states' rights.
Nevadans are overwhelmingly opposed to Yucca Mountain should we
set the precedent of allowing the federal government to store
radioactive materials at an unsafe location against the will of
most state residents?
How would Virginians feel if the site was on a piece of federal
land in the Shenandoah, say, near Luray?
The land at Yucca Mountain was reserved for the Shoshone Indians
in an 1863 treaty. In the 1950s, U.S. courts tried to take it
back, offering a payment the tribe still has not accepted. Does
it make sense to invest billions in property with disputed
title? If the federal government could not uphold a treaty
obligation on this land for less than 100 years, how can we
expect it to responsibly steward and monitor the site for tens
of thousands of years?
This is not just a local issue in southern Nevada. The waste
will be shipped from nuclear power plants across the country.
According to studies commissioned by the Nevada Nuclear Waste
Task Office, 50 million people live within a half-mile of the
transportation routes for the estimated 53,000 truck shipments
or the 10,700 mostly rail shipments. About 35 times more nuclear
waste would be shipped each year than has ever previously been
transported.
DOE estimates the cost of shipping and storing the waste will be
between $42.8 billion and $57.3 billion. Will these costs be
solely borne by the users of nuclear-generated electricity, or
will it be fodder for yet another government subsidy of the
nuclear industry?
Does it make common sense for the United States to put all of
its nuclear-waste eggs in one basket? Think about this question
long and hard, given that the eggs will be strongly radioactive
for tens of thousands of years and the basket is already showing
signs of cracking.
This is not just a concern of "anti-nuclear activists," but of
citizens like you and me across the country, who will be exposed
to unidentified shipments of highly radioactive waste.
Shipment of all of the nuclear waste generated in this country
across the continent to an earthquake-prone site near the
fastest-growing population center in the country, where wastes
will sit aboveground for the foreseeable future, is not the
catch-all solution glibly described by Porter.
AVIV GOLDSMITH lives in Spotsylvania County and volunteers with
the Battlefields Sierra Group and the People's Alliance for
Clean Energy.
Date published: 12/8/2004
Fredericksburg.com, 605 William Street, Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Comments? Send us Feedback, Phone: 540-368-5055 To contact all
other newspaper departments, please call 540-374-5000. Copyright
2004, The Free Lance-Star Publishing Co. of Fredericksburg, Va.
*****************************************************************
45 Casper Star-Tribune: Nuclear power group fights Utah efforts to block Goshute
waste site
[http://www.casperstartribune.net/] >
hoflstmr
SALT LAKE CITY (AP) - Organizers of a proposed temporary
nuclear waste dump on an American Indian reservation are trying
to block a late effort to prevent regulatory acceptance of the
project.
The State of Utah had filed a contention with the Atomic Safety
and Licensing Board alleging that new information from the
Department of Energy means the waste won't be transported for
permanent storage, as planned, at the proposed Yucca Mountain
facility.
The state has long opposed the project planned for Skull Valley
Band of Goshutes' land, but filed that complaint Nov. 12, after
the time limit for filing new arguments had closed.
It alleged that Gary Lanthrum, a DOE official involved with
transporting nuclear waste, told state officials in October in a
private conversation the DOE wasn't obligated to accept waste
from the Goshute site because it would be in welded canisters.
In its response Monday, Private Fuel Storage, a nuclear power
utility consortium that is organizing the project, argued the
alleged statement - presented in an affidavit from a state
official and a newspaper report in The Salt Lake Tribune -
wasn't on official transcripts, and therefore wasn't sufficient.
PFS also argued the statements were wrong in the first place,
because DOE is legally required to accept all spent nuclear fuel
from utilities.
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Atomic Safety and Licensing
Board is deciding whether Skull Valley can safely keep nuclear
fuel. The board in March 2003 stalled construction by ruling the
chances of a fighter jet from Hill Air Force Base crashing into
the storage pad makes the project too risky. It has taken
arguments for and against that decision and is weighing other
aspects of the project.
As planned, the storage pad would hold up to 4,000 casks filled
with depleted nuclear fuel - about 10 million rods - across 100
acres of the Skull Valley. The waste would be shipped over rail
lines, mostly from reactors east of the Mississippi. Utah has no
nuclear power plants.
AP-WS-12-08-04 1947EST
*****************************************************************
46 Pahrump Valley Times: Nye can use DOE repository funding
December 8, 2004
CONGRESS SOLVES PETT FUND DISPUTE
By STEVE TETREAULT
PVT WASHINGTON BUREAU
WASHINGTON - Congress has resolved a dispute over how Nevada
counties can spend federal money on Yucca Mountain in favor of
the counties, officials said last week.
A year-end spending bill that lawmakers passed on Nov. 20 makes
clear that local governments can use Energy Department grants to
take part in licensing for the proposed nuclear waste
repository, they said.
Clark County commissioners protested after DOE issued new grant
guidelines in August. One directive disallowed use of grant
money for activities such as loading pertinent research into an
electronic database being built for Yucca Mountain license
hearings.
County leaders said the rules would restrict their ability to
fully participate in upcoming hearings before the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission.
A provision that reverses the directive was proposed by Clark
County officials and was inserted into the bill by Sen. Harry
Reid, D-Nev., according to Capitol Hill officials.
Abigail Johnson, a nuclear waste consultant to Eureka County,
said the problem appears to be solved for now.
"It provides the specific language that answers the questions
that had come up over how we can use our oversight funds," she
said. Reid aides said the provision would need to be renewed
each year.
Nine Nevada counties and Inyo County in California shared $4
million this year and are being given $8 million during fiscal
2005 to monitor DOE's work at Yucca Mountain and to study the
planned repository's potential impacts on their residents.
Yucca Mountain hearings will be conducted in a trial-like
format before an NRC administrative panel. DOE officials said
their August guidelines were based on their reading of a law
that prohibits the counties from spending federal money on
repository "litigation."
Energy Department spokesman Allen Benson said DOE welcomed the
instructions from Congress.
"Congress has for many years provided us guidance as well as
the state and the (counties) on how the funds should be spent,"
Benson said. "Now we have congressional direction, which helps
all of us."
For comment or questions, please e-mail
webmaster@pahrumpvalleytimes.com
[webmaster@pahrumpvalleytimes.com]
Copyright © Pahrump Valley Times, 1997 - 2004
*****************************************************************
47 NRC: NRC Approves 40-Year License Renewal for Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation at Surry
Nuclear Plant
News Release - 2004-15
U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
Office of Public Affairs Telephone: 301/415-8200
Washington, DC 20555-0001 E-mail: opa@nrc.gov
No. 04-156 December 8, 2004
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has authorized the staff to
issue a 40-year license renewal to Dominion Generation for its
dry-cask independent spent fuel storage installation at the
Surry nuclear power plant in Surry, Va., after appropriate
license conditions are developed.
This will be the first license renewal granted to a dry-cask
spent fuel storage installation. In approving the new license
for a duration of 40 years, the Commission approved granting
Dominion an exemption from NRC regulations that specify a
20-year license term and directed the NRC staff to explore
potential rulemaking to change the license duration in NRC
regulations. The Commission also directed the staff to approve
the same exemption in its ongoing review of the license renewal
application of Progress Energy for its dry-cask spent fuel
storage installation at the H.B. Robinson nuclear plant in South
Carolina.
The new Surry license will be issued once the agency and the
licensee have finalized any needed maintenance and inspection
requirements that will be included as conditions in the license.
We are confident that casks meeting NRCs strict standards will
be able to store spent fuel safely over an extended period,
said Larry Camper, deputy director of the NRCs Spent Fuel
Project Office. Even so, the license conditions and our
inspections of the facility will ensure that the effects of
aging do not degrade the casks ability to protect the public
and the environment.
Surry was the first commercial nuclear plant to be licensed by
the NRC to operate an independent spent fuel storage
installation. Its license, issued in 1986, expires next year.
There are now 30 such installations in the United States.
Typically, spent fuel is moved into NRC-approved dry casks after
cooling at least five years in pools of water. Surrys spent
fuel pools are at capacity, making continued use of dry-cask
storage essential if the plants two reactors are to continue to
operate to the end of their current operating licenses in 2032
and 2033.
The NRC continues to view dry casks as an interim or temporary
storage method for spent nuclear fuel until a permanent
repository for high-level nuclear waste is available. The
Commission found in 1990 as part of its revised Waste Confidence
Decision that spent fuel could be safely stored in spent fuel
pools or dry casks without significant environmental impact for
at least 100 years. The Commission reaffirmed its finding in
1999.
The original 20-year license period was a policy decision by the
Commission at a time when the Department of Energy was expected
to begin receiving spent fuel for disposal in a repository by
1998. Given the need for continued interim storage of spent fuel
until a repository is available, the Commission approved
granting Dominions request for an exemption from the 20-year
limit. Progress Energy requested a similar exemption in its
February 2004 application to renew the license of the H.B.
Robinson storage installation.
Last revised Wednesday, December 08, 2004
*****************************************************************
48 AP Wire: Containment plant in Aiken Co. could create 800 jobs
| 12/08/2004 |
Associated Press
NEW PLANT: Flanders Corp. will build $60 million Global
Containment Systems in Aiken County and hire as many as 800
people to make glove boxes for use in nuclear industries. The
company will reach full employment if the federal government
builds a mixed-oxide fuel plant at the Savannah River Site.
PAY: Workers doing similar engineering, welding, machinery and
other jobs at other Flanders plants make $12 to $14 an hour.
PAYOFF: The jobs could benefit residents of nearby Barnwell
County where the unemployment rate is 10 percent.
*****************************************************************
49 Las Vegas SUN: Panel Examines Funds for Energy Security
By H. JOSEF HEBERT ASSOCIATED PRESS
WASHINGTON (AP) - Future energy security will require
development of new nuclear power plants, coal that is less
polluting and tougher federal requirements on automobile fuel
economy, a nonpartisan panel of energy experts says.
The privately funded panel, charged two years ago with
developing a consensus energy blueprint for the country,
concludes in a report being issued Wednesday that the government
will need to spend billions of dollars to ensure future energy
security.
The recommendations of the 16-member National Commission on
Energy Policy are viewed as significant because the commission
includes a wide cross-section of energy experts, including
Republicans and Democrats, industry executives,
environmentalists, labor leaders and former government officials
involved in energy issues.
The group has no actual authority except to make its
recommendations known to the Bush administration and members of
Congress where lawmakers for four years have been stymied in
trying to produce a national energy agenda.
A key finding by the panel is the need for greater government
involvement in developing new and more environmentally friendly
energy sources, including a proposed doubling of money for
federal energy research and development, according to a copy of
the group's recommendations obtained Tuesday by The Associated
Press.
Among the group's recommendations will be that the government
impose a mandatory permit program aimed at reducing so-called
greenhouse gas pollution - mainly carbon dioxide from burning
fossil fuels - believed to contribute to climate change and that
it "significantly strengthen" vehicle fuel efficiency standards
to reduce oil consumption.
The Bush administration has strongly opposed mandatory actions
on climate change as well as imposing higher fuel economy
requirement on automakers. Efforts to advance such initiatives
also have failed repeatedly in Congress.
Commission co-chairman Bill Reilly, who was EPA administrator in
the first Bush administration, said the panel was recommending
"a gradual but decisive shift in the nation's energy policy
toward one that directly addresses our long-term oil, climate,
electricity supply and technology challenges."
Sen. Richard Lugar, R-Ind., who was briefed on the panel's
findings Tuesday, commended the group for addressing climate
change in its report.
"The energy challenges facing our nation must take into account
the environmental impacts of our actions," Lugar said.
In some of its recommendations, the panel reflects many of the
same priorities outlined in 2001 by Vice President Dick Cheney's
energy task force. For example, the panel calls for expanded
development of coal, natural gas and nuclear power, saying that
all these sources will be needed to achieve energy security.
It calls for $7 billion in federal spending over 10 years on
clean coal technology and research into ways to capture
emissions of carbon dioxide from power plants, thereby "ensuring
a future for the nation's most plentiful energy source."
The panel also recommends incentives for advanced nuclear power
reactors, calling for $2 billion over 10 years in federal
reactor research. The nuclear industry maintains that federal
funds for an initial group of reactors are needed to jump-start
the next-generation of nuclear power plants.
To help reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil, the group calls
for $3 billion in federal spending to advance development of
hybrid gasoline-electric cars, which have proven popular in auto
showrooms but are not yet being produced on a large scale.
It also said construction of liquefied natural gas terminals
should be encouraged, and $1.5 billion in federal funds are
needed over 10 years to increase domestic production of
non-petroleum renewable transportation fuels.
The commission members include both Republicans and Democrats
and senior energy and environmental officials of both the first
Bush administration and the Clinton administration.
---
On the Net:
National Commission on Energy Policy:
http://www.energycommission.org/
[http://www.energycommission.org/]
--
*****************************************************************
50 SPI: Hanford initiative injunction retained
[seattlepi.com] Seattle Post-Intelligencer]
Wednesday, December 8, 2004
Cleanup involves court case over constitutionality of
voter-backed I-297 By SHANNON DININNY
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
YAKIMA -- State officials agreed yesterday to extend a stay of a
voter-approved initiative that deals with cleanup at the Hanford
Nuclear Reservation.
Last week, a federal judge imposed a temporary injunction
preventing Initiative 297 from becoming law. Among other things,
the measure bars the Department of Energy from sending more
radioactive waste to Hanford until all existing waste there is
cleaned up.
Shipments to Hanford of waste generated in other states already
had been largely halted as a result of another lawsuit. The
temporary injunction essentially allowed Hanford workers to
maintain the status quo with regard to cleanup until a judge can
rule on the measure itself.
A hearing to discuss extending the injunction had been scheduled
for Dec. 13. However, state officials agreed to allow the
injunction to carry over into 2005 while the two sides make their
case in court on the question of I-297's constitutionality, said
Blain Rethmeier, a Justice Department spokesman.
The judge still must agree to the extension.
"This agreement will protect the federal employees and their
contractors, allow cleanup to continue, and give the court a full
opportunity to address the important issues advanced in this
case," Rethmeier said.
The Justice Department ultimately hopes to invalidate the
initiative on the grounds that it violates federal laws governing
interstate commerce and nuclear waste. Hanford, a federal site,
is immune from state regulation, the government has argued.
State officials have said they will vigorously defend the
initiative in court.
"We believe this schedule serves the state's interest by allowing
our attorneys time to address the significant legal issues raised
in the case and to ensure the best possible defense of the
initiative," said Sheryl Hutchison, a state Department of Ecology
spokeswoman.
"This agreement also protects the state's interest by ensuring
that the federal Department of Energy will not resume waste
shipments throughout this period," she said.
At issue are the federal government's plans for disposing of
waste from nuclear weapons production nationwide.
The Energy Department chose Hanford to dispose of some mildly
radioactive waste and mixed low-level waste, which is laced with
chemicals.
The site also would serve as a packaging center for some
transuranic waste before it is shipped elsewhere for long-term
disposal. Transuranic waste is highly radioactive and can take
thousands of years to decay to safe levels.
More than 10,000 people work at the 586-square-mile reservation.
[Seattle Post-Intelligencer] 101 Elliott Ave. W. Seattle, WA
98119 (206) 448-8000
Send comments to newmedia@seattlepi.com [newmedia@seattlepi.com]
©1996-2004 Seattle Post-Intelligencer Terms of Service/Privacy
*****************************************************************
51 ABQjournal: LANL RFP Separates Cleanup Contract
Wednesday, December 8, 2004
Albuquerque Journal--> By Adam Rankin
Journal Staff Writer
A small but significant clause in the draft request for
proposals to operate Los Alamos National Laboratory lays out a
new future for how environmental cleanup and management of the
most controversial waste sites will be handled at the nuclear
weapons research facility.
Work that has until now been the responsibility of the main
contractor, the University of California, will soon be assigned
to a separate contractor in an effort to improve efficiencies
and cut overhead costs, according to federal officials.
Beginning as soon as 2007, the next primary operator of the
laboratory will no longer be responsible for environmental
restoration work, nor for a significant component of waste
management at the laboratory, according to the draft criteria
released last week by the National Nuclear Security
Administration.
Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham announced in April 2003
that the LANL contract would be put up for bid for the first
time in the laboratory's 61-year history following a series of
security failures and financial management problems. University
of California has operated LANL since 1943, but its contract to
run LANL expires at the end of September 2005.
Management of LANL's Radioactive Liquid Waste Treatment
Facility, Technical Area 54— including the radioactive waste
dump known as Area G, cleanup of legacy wastes, decontamination
and decommissioning, as well as responsibility for all legacy
wastes and environmental restoration could be included in the
separate contract.
"For the taxpayers, we need to do whatever we can to make
the process more efficient, while fulfilling the mission," said
John Ordaz, assistant manager for environmental management for
NNSA at the Los Alamos Site Office.
Other Energy Department and NNSA sites, including Oak Ridge
in Tennessee and Idaho National Environmental and Engineering
Laboratory, have separate cleanup contractors, he said.
"We are trying to get efficiencies in the program" by
reducing overhead costs, he said.
Since 1993 about $700 million of taxpayer money has been
poured into environmental cleanup programs and investigations at
LANL. Environmentalists and New Mexico's two senators, Jeff
Bingaman, a Democrat, and Pete Domenici, a Republican, have
expressed concerns that LANL and the Energy Department have
little to show for all the money that has been spent on cleanup
there and around the country over the years.
Those worries culminated in a nationwide plan to speed up
environmental cleanup for a lower cost at the Energy
Department's facilities. The so-called "accelerated" plan could
cut $100 billion and 30 years off cleanup, according to federal
officials.
Ordaz said the effort to improve cleanup efficiencies and
cut costs at LANL by creating a separate cleanup contract is
part of an effort that has been in the works for several years.
The new contract start date of 2007 also coincides with NNSA's
takeover of environmental management responsibilities from the
Energy Department, he said.
"We are not saying that the laboratory folks are not doing
a good job," he said, but by creating a separate contract for
cleanup the government can get a better deal.
Environmental groups view the proposal with mixed reactions.
"We have some real concerns that a new layer of bureaucracy
is being created that will use up resources and prevent shovels
being put in the ground to remove the waste that is threatening
our ground water," said Joanie Arends, director of the watchdog
group Concerned Citizens for Nuclear Safety.
"We'd like to see more information about how this is going
to be a better system," she said.
But others support the action and say it is a move they
touted years ago.
"We've been trying to make that happen for ten years," but
the effort was blocked, said Greg Mello, director of the Los
Alamos Study Group.
"It was just felt that almost anybody would be better (than
University of California)— some real environmental contractor
who was used to producing actual work," he said. "Contractors
who work for private industry are expected to get things done."
Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch of New Mexico, said
he sees the provision "as a slap in UC's face" for doing a poor
job over the years.
"Sure, let's give it to someone who specializes in it, but
... we'd really like to see contractors from within the state
get that job," he said.
Ordaz said NNSA will form a review board over the next few
months, similar to the one that generated the LANL contract
criteria, to develop a scope of work for the cleanup contract
that will be open to competitive bids.
[Get Copyright Clearance] Copyright 2004 Albuquerque
Journal
*****************************************************************
53 Sunflower: eNewsletter of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation
Resources Sunflower December 2004, No. 91
The Sunflower is a monthly e-newsletter providing educational
information on nuclear weapons abolition and other issues
relating to global security. Help us spread the word and forward
this to a friend.
Click here to help sustain this valuable resource by making a
donation.
To receive our free monthly e-newsletter subscribe at
http://www.wagingpeace.org/subscribe/
+ Editorial Team
+ Luke Brothers
+ David Krieger
+ Carah Ong
Perspectives
Freedom at War with Fear According to Whom? | Top
Just nine days after the September 11 terrorist attacks
President Bush addressed the grieving American people during a
joint session of Congress. Around the world, hundreds of
millions listened to the President with bated breaths. Everyone
was asking themselves the same question: why was the US
attacked? The President explained that the US was attacked by
terrorists who hate our freedoms -- our freedom of religion, our
freedom of speech, our freedom to vote and assemble and disagree
with each other.
Not so, says the Department of Defense (DoD). According to a
September 2004 report from the DoD Defense Science Board
Taskforce on Strategic Communication, Muslims do not hate our
freedom, but rather, they hate our policies. The overwhelming
majority voice their objections to what they see as one-sided
support in favor of Israel and against Palestinian rights, and
the longstanding, even increasing support for what Muslims
collectively see as tyrannies, most notably Egypt, Saudi Arabia,
Jordan, Pakistan, and the Gulf states.
The report not only debunks the Bush administrations perception
of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, but discredits claims made by
officials that current policies will lead to a more peaceful and
just world order. On 26 October 2003, US Secretary of Defense
Donald S. Rumsfeld stated, To win the war on terror, we must
also win the war of ideas the battle for the minds of those who
are being recruited by terrorist networks across the globe That
is why the president is using all elements of national power:
military, financial, diplomatic, law enforcement, intelligence
and public diplomacy. US National Security Advisor Condoleeza
Rice similarly stated, We are engaged primarily in a war of
ideas, not of armies. It will be won by visionaries who can look
past the momentIt is absolutely the case that the United States
needs to put new energy into its public diplomacy. In the
judgment made by the Defense Science Board, US leadership did
the exact opposite and misused most elements of national power.
This misuse of American power according to the report has
elevated the authority of the Jihadi insurgents and tended to
ratify their legitimacy among Muslims.
The report finds that US policies are making success impossible
in the war of ideas and in the struggle for hearts and minds.
The Defense Science Board taskforce consists of military,
diplomatic, academic and business experts who were assigned to
develop a strategy for communications in the "global war on
terrorism".
To read the report as a PDF document click here
[http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/dod/dsb/commun.pdf] .
An Open Letter to the Regents of the University of California |
Top
by David Kreiger
The decision that you make on whether or not to bid to continue
managing and overseeing the nation's nuclear weapons
laboratories transcends ordinary university business decisions;
it is a decision of profound moral consequence. The question
that must be confronted is whether or not an institution of
higher education should be involved in the creation and
maintenance of weapons of mass destruction.
While nuclear weapons are intended primarily for deterrence, the
concept of deterrence itself is based on an implied assumption
that the weapons might be used. Are the Regents of the
University of California willing to continue to affiliate the
University with laboratories that research and develop nuclear
weapons, recognizing that the mass destruction of human beings
could result? Although it may not be the intent, the potential
use of nuclear weapons and larger implications of the
university's involvement cannot be denied. Read the full article
at:
http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2004/11/00_krieger_open-lette
r-uc-regents.htm
[http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2004/11/00_krieger_open-lett
er-uc-regents.htm]
Ballistic Missile Defense = Space Weapons | Top
by Douglas Roche, Former Canadian Ambassador for Disarmament
December 4, 2004
The Canadian government must not be fooled by US President Bushs
assurance that the Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) system does
not imply the weaponization of space.
This assurance given to Prime Minister Martin during the
Presidents visit to Canada this week has as much credibility as
President Bushs previous assertion that Iraq possessed weapons
of mass destruction.
The website of the Missile Defense Agency contains a clear
statement of the intention to eventually include space-based
interceptors in its arsenal. This program, currently called the
Space-Based Interceptor Test Bed, was granted $10 million by
Congress for 2005. More money will be sought in 2006 for
additional experiments. By 2008, the US intends to deploy a
test bed of space-based kinetic-energy kill vehicles to destroy
high-speed collision test targets in space.
Despite the Presidents verbal assurance, space-based missile
defense is a real program with a real budget. The plan is for
the Missile Defense Agency to orbit three to six interceptors
for testing in 2012. Because kinetic-energy kill vehicles
designed to intercept missiles could also function as
anti-satellite weapons, other countries will feel compelled to
develop means to counter these U.S. space weapons.
Prime Minister Martin has repeatedly said that Canada would not
participate in the weaponization of space.
It is impossible for the Canadian government to join the BMD
system and still proclaim that it opposes weapons in space.
BMD, though starting with ground-based interceptors in Alaska,
will evolve into a multi-layered system in space. The US
government states: Over time, [the Missile Defense Agencys]
acquisition approach will yield a fully integrated and layered
BMDS capable of defeating ballistic missiles of all ranges in
all phases of flight.
The Canadian government is playing with fire in trying to
pretend that the US BMD program will not lead to weapons in
space and will not start a new nuclear arms race.
The French, Russian and Chinese governments have all told Ottawa
that the US program will re-start the nuclear arms race. On
November 17, 2004, President Putin, in a speech to top ranking
commanders of the Russian armed forces, confirmed that Russia is
carrying out research and missile tests of state-of-the-art
nuclear missile systems, and that Russia would continue to build
up firmly and insistently our armed forces, including the
nuclear component.
The majority of Canadians oppose ballistic missile defense
because they understand that it will lead to great insecurity,
not more security.
It is time for Canada to say no to BMD and start working harder
to protect the Non-Proliferation Treaty, which shows the way to
the complete elimination of nuclear weapons.
Take Action
Join the Turn the Tide Campaign Action Alert Network | Top
Join the Turn the Tide Campaign and take action to help chart a
new course for US nuclear policy. When you join, you will
receive periodic action alerts on US nuclear policy issues. Help
us spread the word! Tell your friends about Turn the Tide and
encourage them to join as well. For more information and to
join, please visit:
http://www.wagingpeace.org/menu/action/index.htm
[http://www.wagingpeace.org/menu/action/index.htm]
Stop Expansion of Plutonium Activities | Top
The US Department of Energy (DoE) is considering major
expansions of nuclear weapons programs and materials at the
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in Livermore,
California. Among other dangerous plans, the DoE has proposed to
more than double the plutonium limit at Livermore Lab to 3,300
pounds. THIS IS ENOUGH PLUTONIUM TO MAKE MORE THAN 300 NUCLEAR
BOMBS. Having this large of an amount of plutonium in Livermore
presents unstudied risks such as making the lab a terrorist
target, leaving the San Francisco Bay area vulnerable to
environmental releases from accidents or routine operations, and
provoking other countries to follow suit and increase their
stockpiles of nuclear materials.
Click here
[http://capwiz.com/wagingpeace/mail/oneclick_compose/?alertid=671
8276] to take action today to stop the US Department of Energy
from expanding plutonium activities at Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory.
Book Your Flight to Porto Alegre, Brazil for the 2005 World
Social Forum | Top
The 2005 World Social Forum (WSF) is just around the corner and
is being held in Porto Alegre, Brazil from 26-31 January 2005.
The WSF is an open meeting place where groups and movements of
civil society opposed to neo-liberalism and a world dominated by
capital or by any form of imperialism, but engaged in building a
planetary society centered on the human person, come together to
pursue their thinking, to debate ideas democratically, for
formulate proposals, share their experiences freely and network
for effective action. The WSF proposed to debate alternative
means to building a globalization in solidarity, which respects
universal human rights and those of all men and women of all
nations and the environment, and is grounded in democratic
international systems and institutions at the service of social
justice, equality and the sovereignty of peoples.
For more information about the World Social Forum see
www.forumsocialmundial.org.br.
Make sure you attend the all-day Anti-War Assemblies and Peace
Strategy Sessions on 27 January. Click here
[http://www.forumsocialmundial.org.br/index.php?cd_language=2&id_
menu=] to learn more. Click here
[http://www.globalexchange.org/tours/594.html] to join a Reality
Tour to Porto Alegre with Global Exchange.
Non-Proliferation
US Congress Cuts Funding for New Nukes Designs | Top
In a stunning move, conferees to the Fiscal Year 2005 Omnibus
appropriations cut or eliminated funding for a number of key
nuclear weapons programs. "Thanks to the leadership of Chairman
Hobson and the hard work of his like-minded colleagues, and a
strong push this year from thousands of concerned citizens
across the country, we have won a major victory against new
nuclear weapons," said Susan Gordon, the Alliance for Nuclear
Accountability (ANA) Director.
"These budget cuts represent an important shift in the debate on
U.S. nuclear weapons policy," noted Jim Bridgman, ANA's Program
Director. "Chairman Hobson recognizes the provocative nature of
new U.S. nuclear weapons programs at a time when we are trying
to emphasize the importance of nonproliferation, and has wisely,
and rather courageously, fought to curb the administration's
nuclear appetite."
The final Energy & Water Development Appropriations, part of the
FY2005 omnibus bill, zeroes out funding for the Robust Nuclear
Earth Penetrator, a program to modify existing nuclear weapons
for new bunker-busting missions, and the Advanced Concepts
Initiative, an open-ended program that involved research into
low-yield nuclear weapons, including so-called "mini-nukes."
These programs are carried out at the Department of Energy's
nuclear weapon design labs, Lawrence Livermore in California and
Los Alamos in New Mexico.
"Congratulations also go to California Senator Dianne Feinstein
for delivering on her promise to lead the fight to cut new
nuclear weapons funding in the Senate," noted Nuclear Age Peace
Foundations Communications Director, Carah Ong.
Senator Feinstein called the cuts "consequential," and said they
"should send a very loud message to the Administration."
According to Committee Staff, the conferees split the difference
on enhancing the readiness for conducting underground tests at
the Nevada Test Site between the Administration's request of $30
million and the House-passed total of $15 million, for a final
figure of $22.5 million. The conferees also restricted the test
readiness level to 24 months, rather than 18 months as the
administration has planned.
Funding for a new nuclear bomb plant, the Modern Pit Facility,
was cut from a request of $29.8 million, to a final level of $7
million. However, work on the final Environmental Impact
Statement will be allowed to continue without choosing a site.
Funding for the Life Extension and Stockpile System Programs,
meant to upgrade aging nuclear weapons, was cut by $41 million.
The Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and ANA have been critical of
these programs as unnecessary in lieu of anticipated reductions
under the Moscow Treaty and for crowding out needed warhead
dismantlement, which are performed at the same facilities. The
conferees effectively doubled funding for dismantlement, from
the prior year's level of approximately $38 million to $75
million.
In environmental cleanup, the conferees provided $7.034 billion
for Defense Environmental Management, including $6.096 billion
for Defense Site Acceleration Completion and $937 million for
Defense Environmental Services. This represents an increase
above the administration's request, with almost all of the
increase going to the 2006 closure sites, particularly in moving
materials off of the Mound site in Ohio.
Cleanup funding for high level waste, $350 million in the
request, was funded at $291.9 million by the conferees. ANA
opposed the unofficial high level waste sub-account from the
beginning as it was designed to blackmail states into agreeing
to accept the Energy Department's plans for Waste Incidental to
Reprocessing. This prediction appears to have become true as
Washington opted out of the language providing DOE with an
authority to reclassify high level waste in the Defense
Authorization bill, and funding for cleaning up Hanford's high
level waste tanks was cut in half in the conference bill.
In nuclear waste disposal, the conferees provided $577 million
for Yucca Mountain, the same funding that was provided in Fiscal
Year 2004. This still represents a reduction of over $300
million from the administration's request, due to the
administration's gambling on Congress approving the use of the
Nuclear Waste Fund for ongoing Yucca expenditures.
In fissile materials disposition, the conferees note the ongoing
delays in the plutonium disposition program and adopt the cut of
$25 million approved in the defense authorization. However, the
Mixed Oxide fuel fabrication facility, cut significantly by the
House earlier in the year, received full funding of $368
million, as did the Pit disassembly and conversion facility, at
$32.3 million. Construction of facilities in either Russia or
the United States has not started, leaving hundreds of millions
of dollars in unused balances from prior years.
Conferees met new spending limits by enforcing an
across-the-board cut of 0.8% to all non-defense and non-homeland
security appropriations. All Energy & Water appropriations,
including both Environmental Management and the National Nuclear
Security Administration will share in this budget cut.
Source: Alliance for Nuclear Accountability Press Release, 22
November 2004.
Iran Tango | Top
You put your left foot in, you take your left foot out; you put
an inspector in, you take an inspector outoh wait, that is the
hokey pokey, but it has been another month of diplomatic tango
with Iran. For every two steps forward, there has been one step
back.
In negotiations with the International Atomic Energy Agency and
France, Germany and the UK, the Iranians have been sending mixed
signals. In mid-November, Iran indicated that it would abide by
international requests to curb their nuclear program, only later
to renege and then to return again to the negotiating table.
At the end of November, Iran accepted the proposals of France,
Germany and the UK to suspend enriching uranium and avoided
being referred to UN Security Council for possible sanctions, an
action that some hawks in the Bush administration are pressing.
Being referred to the Security Council could pave way for
possible military action against the country, which is unlikely,
but a possibility nevertheless.
On 27 November, Hussein Moussavian, Secretary of the Foreign
Department of Iran's Supreme Council for National Security, said
on Iranian state-run television, "We have reached a final
agreement with the three European powers. The Iranian government
termed "appropriate" a draft IAEA resolution regarding its
nuclear program. Government spokesman Abdollah Ramezanzadeh said
the resolution does not satisfy all of Iran's demands but is
acceptable under the circumstances.
However, on 3 December, former Iranian President and senior
Iranian cleric Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani told worshipers that
Iran's suspension of its nuclear program is temporary and the
country could resume uranium enrichment within six months. Mr.
Rafsanjani, the head of the Expediency Council, Iran's final
arbiter on legislation, said Iran has the right to enrich
uranium at low levels to fuel nuclear power stations.
Regarding the US role in the Iranian tango, Shibley Telhami,
University of Maryland professor of political science and senior
fellow at the Brookings Institution, says, "The Bush
administration is on a collision course with Iran. Professor
Telhami thinks the current US approach on Iran will not work.
Telhami warns that the more Iran is pressured, the more the
theocratic regime in Iran is strengthened.
Meanwhile, Iran believes nuclear weapons will improve its
security. According to Professor Telhami, because of this, "I
have no doubt in my mind Iran will continue to seek nuclear
capability." Iran has already witnessed how easily the US
invaded neighboring Iraq. Iran feels it needs nuclear weapons
for its own security, unless it can be given concrete assurances
that foregoing a nuclear weapons program will make it more
secure. Sources: VOA News, 3 December 2004; Washington Times, 3
December 2004; AP, 27 November 2004.
Proliferation
UN Issues Nuclear Weapons Proliferation Alert | Top
On 2 December, a high level UN reform panel issued a report
stating that the world system to prevent the spread of nuclear
weapons is being rapidly eroded, threatening a cascade of
proliferation.
The report recommended the UN Security Council slow the spread
of weapons using an explicit pledge of collective action against
any state or group that launches a nuclear attack or even
threatens such an attack on a non-nuclear-weapon state.
UN Secretary General Kofi Annan established the high level panel
last year comprised of 16 veteran politicians and diplomats from
around the world to identify the main threats facing mankind. It
identifies nuclear proliferation as a particular danger and
warns: The nuclear proliferation regime is at risk because of
lack of compliance with existing commitments, a changing
international security environment, and radical advances in
technology. We are approaching a point at which the erosion of
the nuclear regime could become irreversible, and result in a
cascade of proliferation.
In 1963, only four states had nuclear arsenals. Today eight
states are known to have nuclear weapons, and several others are
suspected of developing them. Close to 60 states operate or are
building nuclear power or research reactors, and at least 30
possess the infrastructure to build nuclear weapons at
relatively short notice. Terrorists are also believed to be
seeking them.
To help prevent secret weapons programs, the panel also urged
all countries to stop building enrichment or reprocessing
facilities, until a global scheme is designed to enable the
International Atomic Energy Agency to guarantee the supply of
fissile material to genuine civil nuclear users.
The panel examined a wide range of threats, including terrorism,
disease, poverty and environmental degradation. However, the
nuclear threat may be the most pressing of all, and has led to
growing disagreement over how to tackle nuclear advances in the
Middle East, Asia and Latin America.
It argues that nuclear weapons states must honor their
commitments to move towards disarmament, and reaffirm promises
not to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear states. The
Security Council pledge for collective action could help ease
non-nuclear states' concerns.
All de facto nuclear states, including Israel, Pakistan and
India (which are not named in the report), should pledge a
commitment to non-proliferation and disarmament, ratify the
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and support talks on a Fissile
Material Cut-off Treaty. In order to reduce supply, the panel
says the IAEA's additional protocol should become the standard,
and urges a new system whereby peaceful nuclear technology users
could be guaranteed fissile material although the right to use
nuclear energy for peaceful purposes must be preserved.
In a bow to the US, the report also calls on all states to join
the US-led Proliferation Security Initiative.
Source: Financial Times, 30 November 2004.
China Launches New Class of Nuclear Submarine | Top
US defense officials announced on 3 December that China has
launched the first submarine in a new class of nuclear subs
designed to fire intercontinental ballistic missiles. According
to one official, the submarine is, at a minimum, months away
from having missiles installed and being deployed. The US
military views the move as evidence of China's intentions to
expand both its nuclear weapons and submarine forces.
The launch was first reported in The Washington Times. The
newspaper reported that U.S. intelligence spotted the sub at a
shipyard 250 miles northwest of Beijing.
It was widely known that China was building the new class of
nuclear-missile submarine, called the Type 094, but the launch
is far ahead of what US intelligence expected. According to
officials, it is China's first submarine capable of launching
nuclear weapons that could reach the US from the country's home
waters.
The Chinese military has also been developing a new class of
submarine-launched ballistic missile, called the JL-2, which is
expected to have a range in excess of 4,600 miles. The Type 094
submarine would carry these missiles, but it is not clear
whether the missiles are ready for deployment.
Previously, China has had only one submarine capable of
launching nuclear missiles, called the Type 092, or Xia, class.
A 2001 Pentagon report said the Xia was not operational. Its
missiles were of an older class that could fly only 600 miles.
Successful cruises by the Type 094 would give China a new
strategic deterrent against the US and no longer limit the
country to land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles
(ICBMs) and weapons carried on aircraft. US defense officials do
note that China is behind the US in its ability to hide
submarines from sophisticated sonars and other sensors.
China is also modernizing its land-based nuclear missile force,
replacing its estimated 20 ICBMs with more modern versions. In a
report on China's military issued last May, the Pentagon said
China's cache of ICBMs could increase to 30 by next year and 60
by 2010.
France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the US all have
submarines capable of launching ballistic missiles with nuclear
warheads.
Source: AP, 3 December 2004.
South Korea Chided for Nuclear Experiments | Top
On 26 November, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
gave South Korea a slap on the wrist for making small amounts of
weapons-grade nuclear material but opted not to refer the
country to the UN Security Council for possible sanctions. In a
statement, the IAEA said "that the quantities of nuclear
material have not been significant and that to date there is no
indication that the undeclared experiments have continued. The
statement from the IAEAs 35-nation board of governors echoed
previous comments from Director General Mohamed ElBaradei,
saying that "the failure of the ROK (Republic of Korea) to
report these activities in accordance with its safeguards
agreements is of serious concern." However, "the Board welcomed
the corrective actions taken by the ROK and the active
cooperation it has provided to the agency.
ElBaradei stated that South Korea has set up a "new board for
precise accounting of nuclear material" and that "some of the
scientists who have been involved in this experiment have since
left their positions." Cho Changbeom, South Koreas ambassador to
the IAEA, said, "We are happy about the results. It's very
constructive.
In August 2004, South Korea admitted to the IAEA that its
scientists had conducted secret experiments to separate
plutonium in the 1980s and produced 0.7 grams of weapon-grade,
98 percent pure plutonium-239 isotope. According to an IAEA
report on 11 November, South Korea also reported laser
enrichment of uranium "in 2000 by scientists at the Korea Atomic
Energy Research Institute (KAERI) in Daejeon" that produced 200
milligrams of uranium enriched to an average level of 10.2
percent and up to the highly enriched level 77 percent, which is
close to weapons-grade. However, South Korea said the tests were
conducted without government authorization and had stopped.
The revelations about the nuclear experiments have embarrassed
both South Korea and the US, which are trying to pressure North
Korea to end its nuclear weapons program. After the IAEA
released its 11 November report, North Korea's government said
the South Korean experiments and a hostile US policy toward the
communist nation are preventing the six-nation talks on North
Korea's nuclear program from resuming. On 13 November, North
Korea said that it was "quite possible" to settle the
international standoff over its nuclear weapons program if the
US drops its alleged policy of toppling the communist regime.
"If the US drops its hostile policy aimed at 'bringing down the
system' in the (North) and opts for coexisting with the latter
in practice, it will be quite possible to settle the issue," a
Foreign Ministry spokesman was quoted as saying by the North's
official news agency, KCNA. Talks between the US, North Korea,
South Korea, China, Japan and Russia have been stalled since
North Korea failed to participate in a scheduled fourth round in
September.
The issue of South Koreas nuclear experiments has also taken on
special significance since the US wants Iran to be referred to
the UN Security Council for what it says is a covert nuclear
weapons program. Diplomats said the US had been willing to have
South Korea referred to the Council as a matter of principle, in
order to not set a precedent for Iran to avoid sanctions.
However, one diplomat said the US had become aware that referral
to the Security Council also risked inflaming a nationalist
backlash from South Korea.
Source: AFP, 26 November 2004; AP, 13 November 2004; The
Guardian, 12 November 2004.
Nuclear Laboratories
DoE Releases Request for Lab Management Bids | Top
On 1 December, the US Department of Energy (DoE) and National
Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) released the long-awaited
draft Request for Proposals (RfP) that outlines the criteria
government officials will use to decide who will be the next
manager of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), famous as
the birthplace of nuclear weapons during the Manhattan Project
of World War II.
The University of California has operated LANL since it was
founded in 1943 with periodic contract extensions. This is the
first time management has ever been put up for competitive bid.
Outgoing Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham announced the
decision to compete the Los Alamos contract in 2003 after
repeated security and fiscal management scandals and calls for
competition from Congress. UC's current contract expires on 31
September 2005, but UC is also expected to submit a bid for
continued management of the Lab.
According to the RfP criteria, the ability to conduct major
scientific research and technology programs will factor heavily
into the decision. On a weighted scale, DoE and NNSA assigned
science and technology 325 points out of a total of 1,000
points, compared to 175 points for laboratory operations and 75
points for business operations. Past performance, going back
five years, will account for only 75 points on the scale.
Also among the criteria included in the draft is the requirement
that potential operators maintain salaries and benefits
comparable to what is provided now for the laboratory work
force, which must be rehired by the next operator. Only the
director and top managers can be replaced by the next operator.
The DoE and NNSA are accepting public comments on the draft
request for proposals through 7 January, after which a final
version will be released on an unspecified date, but likely
sometime late in January or early February. Following the close
of the public comment period, potential operators will have
another 60 days to submit their proposals to run Los Alamos. DOE
and NNSA officials will announce the new operator sometime in
the summer with the contract taking effect 1 October 2005.
At least 15 companies have expressed interest in the LANL
contract including UC, the University of Texas and Texas A&M,
but it doesnt necessarily mean they will bid.
A copy of the draft Request for Proposals is available on the UC
Nuclear Free website at http://www.ucnuclearfree.org
[http://www.ucnuclearfree.org] Source: Albuquerque Journal, 2
December 2004.
Nuclear Watchdog Group to Bid on Los Alamos Management Contract
| Top
On the day the Department of Energy (DOE) posted a draft Request
for Proposal (RfP) to manage the Los Alamos National Laboratory
(LANL), Nuclear Watch New Mexico, a non-profit, non-partisan
nuclear watchdog organization, announced its plans to bid to
manage the lab.
Nuclear Watch New Mexico cited the labs Statement of Work, which
declares that LANLs primary mission is strengthening the United
States security through development and application of
world-class science and technology to advance the nations
defense and to reduce the global threat from terrorism and
weapons of mass destruction. It also states that the future
contractor must bring the highest degree of vision to the
execution of LANLs programs.
Precisely because Nuclear Watch New Mexico believes higher
vision is critically needed for the Labs and the nations future,
we are throwing our hat into the ring, said Scott Kovac, Nuclear
Watch New Mexico Operations Director. Our prospects are perhaps
brightened in that we could win the contract partially by
default, given that other potential competitors have apparently
lost interest after the continuing scandals. Moreover, the
University of Californias (UC) past management performance has
been so poor that in comparison we could look good.
With respect to reducing the global threat from weapons of mass
destruction, what a golden opportunity higher vision could bring
to Los Alamos, observed Jay Coghlan, Nuclear Watch New Mexico
Director. Lets start right here at home and get the Lab off of
its continuing advancement of nuclear weapons, which only
prompts other countries to follow.
The Statement of Work explicitly states that the future
contractor shall explore advanced nuclear weapons concepts and
engineering development. But its time for that to change, and
Congress apparently agrees, added Coghlan.
In terms of strengthening the United States long-range security,
Coghlan continued, under NukeWatch management the Labs strategic
direction would radically shift from being over 70% funded for
nuclear weapons to other more beneficial programs, such as
energy independence and defending against the potentially
devastating effects of global climate change. Current Lab
funding for research in renewable energy technologies is zero
and climate change research is miniscule as a percentage of the
Labs $2 billion budget. With respect to reducing the global
threat from terrorism NukeWatch would initiate vigorous
investigation into preventing the conditions that breed
terrorism to begin with.
LANL nuclear nonproliferation programs currently receive only
one dollar for every nine that goes into its core nuclear
weapons research, testing and production programs. Nuclear Watch
New Mexico says it would invert that ratio. The stalled
dismantlement of nuclear weapons would be given the highest
priority.
Top priority would be given to genuine cleanup at LANL in close
cooperation with New Mexico. UC had repeatedly sued the State in
order to obstruct mandated cleanup. Moreover, UC did such a poor
job that the DoE plans to de-scope cleanup from the contract in
FY 2007. Nuclear Watch New Mexico says that under its
management, a strong preference would be given to New Mexican
subcontractors. Besides prompting regional economic development,
the pride that we New Mexicans would take in cleaning up our own
land would likely motivate such stellar performance that DoE
would be persuaded to keep cleanup under one contract.
Although it too is a nonprofit organization, Nuclear Watch New
Mexico says it would voluntarily pay New Mexico gross receipts
taxes on any compensation for its management services. This
could ultimately provide up to $80 million annually to the State
(nearly half of which would go to public education). LANL has
never paid taxes to New Mexico because UC is a non-profit.
Source: Nuclear Watch New Mexico, 2 December 2004.
UC Regents Meet on LANL Bid and Release Student Survey Results |
Top
The saga regarding the University of California's role in
nuclear weapons development continued in November as UC Regents
meet at UC Los Angeles from 17-18 November. UC Students were
able to briefly express their thoughts on whether or not UC
should manage Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratories during a Public Comment Period.
New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson also attended the Regents
meeting to persuade them to bid for the LANL management
contract, despite his previous criticisms of UC. "I urge you to
enter this competition," Richardson said at the UC Regents
meeting. "You have my full support." He recommended that the UC
bid include a partnership with a private company and the
University of New Mexico. Richardson is a former US Secretary of
Energy and has been involved with LANL since 1982, when he
became a US representative for New Mexico.
On 18 November, the Regents and broader community also learned
the results of the 2004 University of California Undergraduate
Experience Study (UCUES), which included questions about
UC-managed Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratories. Only 35 percent of the 17,296 respondents favored
or strongly favored UCs bidding to continue management of the
labs, while 51 percent were undecided or did not have enough
information.
The UC Office of the President announced that because 72 percent
of respondents with a preference favored bidding, these results
parallel those of the faculty survey, where 67 percent of
respondents favored bidding for renewal of the management
contracts. This flagrant misrepresentation of the results
demonstrates UC has always had a clear intention to bid for
continued management of the labs.
Students also criticized the survey conducted last spring. "The
UC Regents need to be more accountable to students. A student
survey is not helpful when only 11 percent of the undergraduate
population responds and not when controversial questions about
nuclear weapons labs are introduced without education and
outreach on the issue, said Gloria Ross, an undergraduate at UC
Santa Barbara. The Regents should shift their focus from making
nuclear weapons to making education accessible for all and
contributing toward a safe and peaceful future for generations
to come."
UC Berkeley undergraduate, Chelsea Collonge stated, "I applaud
all efforts to give students more voice as stakeholders in the
UC community. However, the UCUES introduction to the questions
regarding the nuclear weapons laboratories was misleading. It
said that the labs' research was for 'maintaining the nation's
nuclear weapons stockpile,' but in reality lab scientists are
designing new, more powerful, and more usable nuclear weapons.
These activities are out of compliance with international law,
and students need to know this to make an educated decision."
oth students are a part of the Coalition to Demilitarize the
University of California, which is made up of student groups on
UC Campuses at Berkeley, Santa Cruz, San Diego, Santa Barbara
and Los Angeles working in collaboration with the Nuclear Age
Peace Foundation in Santa Barbara, Tri-Valley CAREs in
Livermore, the Western States Legal Foundation in Oakland, and
the Nevada Desert Experience in Berkeley. For more information
about the Coalition, visit: http://www.ucnuclearfree.org
[http://www.ucnuclearfree.org] .
Plutonium Space Project Moves to Idaho | Top
A US government project to produce a plutonium isotope used to
power deep-space probes once destined for the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory is now being sent to the Idaho National Engineering
and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). INEEL will process
plutonium-238 for space power sources and other defense
purposes.
According to the Department of Energy (DoE), the move will
significantly increase security, reduce risks associated with
transporting nuclear materials across the country and reduce
costs.
The US stopped making plutonium-238 in the 1980s and the
stockpile is expected to run out in 2010. For more than a
decade, the US has been buying the material from Russia but
those sources have been deemed too unreliable for NASA's
long-term needs.
The nuclear industry considers Plutonium-238, a sister to
plutonium-239 that is used in nuclear weapons, an ideal power
source for spacecraft too far from the sun to use solar panels.
Source: AP, 3 December 2004.
Missiles and Missile Defense
US Installs Sixth Interceptor at Ft. Greely | Top
On 12 November, The US Missile Defense Agency (MDA) announced
that the first phase of the national defense system was
completed with installation of the initial round of ballistic
missile interceptors at Fort Greely, Alaska. The sixth 55-foot
interceptor was placed inside a silo at the Interior Alaska post
on 11 November, after days of delays because of strong wind.
The multibillion-dollar system is still being tested, with
activation expected by year's end.
Critics say the system is flawed, noting the interceptors failed
three of eight highly controlled tests. At least 10 more
interceptors are planned for Fort Greely, about 100 miles
southeast of Fairbanks. Four others will be placed at Vandenberg
Air Force Base in California.
The US also has proposed a third interceptor site somewhere in
Europe that, according to the MDA, will expand coverage against
missiles fired from the Middle East. However, no decision has
been made on where to locate it.
By the end of 2007, the numbers of ground-based missile
interceptors are scheduled to grow to 28 at both the Ft. Greely
and Vandenberg launch sites. By 2007, the MDA also plans to have
18 Navy Aegis warships armed with new and faster missiles
capable of intercepting and destroying medium-range missiles.
Already two Aegis warships have been deployed in the waters off
the coast of North Korea to serve as platforms for forward
radars for the missile defense system.
Opponents have charged that the US is deploying the system
without adequate testing. The MDA is planning to conduct its
first attempted intercept in more than two years sometime next
month, resuming flight tests that were cancelled or delayed six
times since December 2002. In earlier tests, target missiles
have been successfully intercepted in five of eight attempts,
but those have been under artificial conditions using tracking
and homing devices in addition to some surrogate components.
The system uses a network of early warning satellites and high
powered radars to detect and track and target long range
missiles, feeding data to command centers that then fire
interceptor missiles into a collision in space with the incoming
missile.
Sources: AP, 17 November 2004; AP, 12 November 2004.
Missile Defense Agency Tests Airborne Laser | Top
On 10 November, the US Missile Defense Agency (MDA) test-fired
the first megawatt-class laser for the Airborne Laser (ABL)
system. The test marks the first time a directed energy weapon
suitable for use in an airborne environment has been
demonstrated. The laser was built by Northrop Grumman
Corporation.
The ground-based test, referred to as "First Light," took place
on ABL's laser testbed at the Systems Integration Laboratory, a
special building at Edwards Air Force Base, in California, which
houses a modified Boeing 747 freighter fuselage where all
elements of the laser system are being assembled and tested. The
purpose of the ABL is to detect, track and destroy hostile
ballistic missiles during the boost phase.
The Boeing Company, Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman are
working closely with the Air Force and the MDA to develop the
ABL.
Source: Northrop Grumman Press Release, 12 November 2004.
US Bolsters Missile Defenses in South Korea | Top
On 30 November, the US military announced that it has deployed
new missile defense batteries as part of an $11 billion upgrade
on the Korean peninsula. The US 8th Army's 35th Air Defense
Brigade, which recently relocated to South Korea from Fort Bliss
, Texas , completed its deployment of Patriot PAC-3 missile
systems to Gwangju Air Base.
The Patriot missile systems are designed to intercept and
destroy incoming ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and enemy
aircraft. Several batteries are already based in South Korea .
Despite the new missile deployments and upgrades that will take
place over the next three years, the US military plans to
withdraw a third of its troops now based in South Korea by 2008,
leaving a total 24,500 soldiers.
The US insists that the upgrades, including the new PAC-3
missiles, will make its forces more effective despite the
decreased troops. The overhaul includes swift-action units,
high-tech air surveillance and high-speed transport for troops
based in Japan .
In the past, North Korea has strongly denounced the deployments
of Patriot missiles in South Korea , accusing the US of
bolstering its forces as a prelude to an invasion. However,
there was no immediate response to the new deployment.
Source: AP, 30 November 2004.
Russia Tests Modernized Missile Defense System | Top
On 29 November, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov said that
the military successfully tested a modernized missile defense
system, but he gave no details of the missile involved.
According to news reports, Ivanov told Russian President
Vladimir Putin that the defense ministry would also “further
perfect and modernize the anti-ballistic missile system.”
According to Ivanov, the missile had passed its test on 29
November at the Sary-Shagaz testing range in the former Soviet
republic of Kazakhstan . The test came less than two weeks after
President Putin announced that Russia was carrying out tests on
"the latest nuclear rocket systems" unlike any weapon held by
other nuclear powers. Putin also stated, "International
terrorism is one of the major threats for Russia . We understand
as soon as we ignore such components of our defense as a nuclear
and missile shield, other threats may occur."
Russia has been cryptic about missile defense and other system
it is working on, amid efforts to counter the proposed US
missile defense system and US plans to research and develop new
nuclear weapons.
Ivanov said earlier that Russia would test-fire a mobile version
of the new Topol-M missile before the year's end and would
commission it next year. Topol-Ms have a range of about 6,000
miles (9,650 kilometers) and reportedly can maneuver in ways
that are difficult to detect. The missile, which can intercept
and destroy other missiles, has been deployed in silos since
1998.
Source: Interfax, 29 November 2004; AP, 29 November 2004; AP, 17
November 2004.
Pakistan Tests Nuclear-Capable Missile | Top
On 29 November, the Pakistani military announced that it
test-fired the “Ghaznavi” or Hatf-III, a short-range,
surface-to-surface, nuclear-capable missile with a range of 180
miles (290 kilometers). The missile test was the fifth this year
and Pakistan notified neighboring countries, including India ,
ahead of time.
Many analysts believe that most of the missile tests conducted
this year have been meant to ease domestic fears that Pakistan
may be pressured to dismantle its nuclear program. Pakistan has
been the center of international attention since A.Q. Khan, the
father of Pakistan's nuclear program, confessed in February to
being involved in a clandestine nuclear network and selling
nuclear secrets to Iran, Libya and North Korea. According to
military analyst General Talat Masood (Retired), the most recent
test was “aimed at reassuring hawks in Pakistan that the
Musharraf government has no plan to freeze the country's nuclear
program."
The test came one week after the prime ministers of India and
Pakistan met for the first time, in the middle of a step-by-step
peace process some two years after the countries nearly went to
war. Pakistani Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz said that the best
guarantee of peace in the region was to improve the country's
defense capability.
Masood noted that India and Pakistan were trying peace moves
alongside a military buildup. He added, "This parallel and
contradictory development will continue for sometime until the
peace process comes to a satisfactory conclusion. The
significance of the latest test is that it signals (to India )
that we are not lagging behind as far as the country's defense
is concerned.”
Pakistan will host a meeting with India on nuclear issues from
14-15 December to discuss a possible agreement on advance
information about nuclear tests.
Source: AFP 29 November 2004.
India Conducts Two Tests of its Akash Anti-Aircraft Missile |
Top
On 26 and 30 November, India test-fired a short-range
anti-aircraft missile, named Akash, which means Sky in Hindi.
Both tests were conducted from the Chandipur-on-Sea testing site
in the eastern state of Orissa. The 700-kilogram Akash can carry
a 60-kilogram warhead, is designed to travel 27 kilometers and
can strike several targets simultaneously. Akash is one of five
missiles being developed by India 's state-run Defense Research
and Development Organization.
Sources: AFX, 30 November 2004; AFX, 26 November 2004.
Nuclear Energy and Waste
KEDO Suspends North Korean Reactor Project for Another Year |
Top
On 26 November, the Korean Peninsula Energy Development
Organization (KEDO) announced that the project to build two
nuclear power plants for North Korea would be suspended for a
second year, beginning 1 December. According to a KEDO
statement, "The future of the project will be assessed and
decided ... before the expiration of the suspension period.”
However, it added, “The preservation and maintenance work both
on site and off site will continue.”
The multibillion-dollar plan to build two 1,000-megawatt light
water nuclear reactors, deemed less suitable for weapons-grade
plutonium production, was a result of the 1994 Agreed Framework
between the US and North Korea. However, the deal has been
ruptured since 2002 when the Bush administration accused North
Korea of launching a prohibited program to enrich uranium for
weapons production. Since then, North Korea has thrown out
international inspectors, unfrozen its Yongbyon nuclear plant
and pulled out of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
KEDO groups together the United States , the European Union,
South Korea and Japan . The KEDO board first announced the
suspension of its project – effective 1 December 2003 – in
November of last year, citing tensions over North Korea 's
nuclear ambitions. Construction was about 34 percent complete at
the time. The two light-water nuclear reactors had originally
been scheduled for completion this year. Experts say it would
take at least five more years to finish the complex.
Source: AFP, 26 November 2004.
Deals Cut on Yucca Mountain | Top
November 2004 proved an important 30 days for Yucca Mountain .
The energy and water bill that was part of the 2005 omnibus
appropriations package that was passed provides Yucca Mountain
with $577 million, the same amount of funding it received last
year, yet down from the $880 million requested by the Bush
administration.
Incoming Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) led the
funding battle against Yucca Mountain and opposed the Bush
administration's $880 million request. Reid says the
administration's funding plan, which draws from a trust fund
whose coffers depend upon utility industry fees, would reduce
congressional oversight on spending at Yucca Mountain . Support
for the administration's trust fund plan didn't materialize
which forced cuts in water projects in order to fund Yucca
Mountain.
During discussions on President Bush's nominations for office
Reid managed to negotiate a seat on the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC) for Gregory Jaczko, Reid's advisor on nuclear
issues. It's likely that Jaczko will oppose the Department of
Energy's plan to turn Yucca Mountain in to the US ' nuclear
waste repository. As such, Jaczko's appointment to the NRC
corresponds with Navy Vice Admiral Albert H. Konetzni's
nomination. Konetzni will likely become the chairman of the NRC
within a year. Under the agreement, Jaczko and Konetzni would be
appointed to the NRC for a two-year term, but Jaczko will recuse
himself from matters concerning Yucca Mountain for the first 12
months of his appointment to the NRC.
In other Yucca Mountain news, on 30 November, the Nuclear Energy
Institute (NEI) dropped its fight against a 9 July 2004 federal
court ruling that has stalled plans for the waste repository.
(See “ Yucca Mountain : 10,000 Years Not Enough” to learn more
about the 9 July 2004 ruling.
[http://www.wagingpeace.org/menu/resources/sunflower/2004/09_sunf
lower.htm#9b]) The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will
likely develop new radiation safety standards, a process that
may take years to complete. The decision by the NEI will force
the Department of Energy to postpone the repository license
application for Yucca Mountain . Sources: CQ Today, 20 November
2004; Associated Press, 23 November 2004.
Groups Tell Homeland Security Not to Weaken Radioactive Clean-up
Plans | Top
On 3 December, more than 50 public policy organizations called
on the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to halt plans to
dramatically weaken requirements for cleaning up radioactive
contamination from a terrorist radiological or nuclear
explosive. The groups disclosed that DHS is about to release
new guidance that could permit ongoing contamination at levels
equivalent to a person receiving tens of thousands of chest
X-rays over thirty years. Official government risk figures
estimate that as many as a quarter of the people exposed to such
doses would develop cancer.
In a letter to outgoing DHS Secretary Tom Ridge , the groups
said, “An attack by a terrorist group using a ‘dirty bomb' or
improvised nuclear device would be a terrible tragedy. . . .But
should such a radiological weapon go off in the US , our
government should not compound the situation by employment of
standards for cleaning up the radioactive contamination that are
inadequately protective of the public.”
“Benchmark” cleanup standards contemplated in the DHS guidance
are up to 2500 times less protective than the risk levels
considered by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as barely
acceptable for cleanup of Superfund toxic and radioactive sites.
In a parallel letter to EPA, the groups urged Administrator
Michael Leavitt to resist any effort to establish cleanup
standards that permit public risks significantly outside EPA's
longstanding legally allowable risk range.
The full letters to Ridge and Leavitt and supporting attachments
are available on the website of the Nuclear Information Resource
Service at http://www.nirs.org. [http://www.nirs.org/]
Cracks Discovered at California Nuclear Reactor | Top
Early morning on 19 November 2004 Unit 2 at San Onofre Nuclear
Generating Station unexpectedly went off-line. Officials quickly
urged the public to limit electricity usage as Unit 3 at the
Generating Station was also offline. Inspectors determined
ground wires shorted out in the Unit 2 electrical generator
causing the unexpected shutdown.
Unit 3 at San Onofre was taken offline on 26 September 2004 for
a scheduled 55-day refueling service. During inspections of the
reactor engineers discovered cracks in the water heaters and
were forced to postpone the reactors return to service. Clyde
Osterholtz, senior San Onofre plant inspector for the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, said the cracks don't pose an immediate
safety risk. Apparently the cracks can't be seen with the naked
human eye. Nevertheless the heaters will be replaced at a cost
of $7 million. Unit 3 will likely remain offline until January
2005.
Sources: San Diego Union Tribune, 19, 23 November 2004;
Associated Press, 1 December 2004; North County Times, 1
December 2004.
Lithuania to Shut Down Nuclear Reactor | Top
The Lithuanian Government announced at the end of November that
the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant in eastern Lithuania will be
closed by 31 December 2004. The Ignalina plant operates the two
largest operational nuclear reactors in the world. Together both
reactors can produce approximately 2,760 megawatts of
electricity and account for about 80% of Lithuania 's
electricity.
Untold numbers of people are thrilled to learn the plant will be
shut down as both reactors are a Chernobyl-style, Soviet-era
design. The reactors are actually rated to operate at much
higher levels, but officials have limited operation to
relatively low levels for fear of a catastrophe. The European
Union has promised $2.5 billion to help Lithuania close the
reactor and find alternative energy sources.
Sources: BBC News, 24 November 2004; International Nuclear
Safety Center.
France to Privatize Fraction of Nuclear Power Group | Top
On 24 November the French cabinet authorized the sale of 35-40%
of the State-owned nuclear engineering company Areva. The sale
is scheduled for the second half of 2005. French officials will
use funds raised to pay back debts and to fund reactor
dismantlement operations.
On 10 November, Nicolas Sarkozy, outgoing French Minister of
Finance, announced the sale. Sarkozy said “The state will
continue to hold, directly or indirectly, more than half of
Areva's capital, given the strategic nature of atomic energy for
France .” The privatization scheme is viewed as a means to
strengthen Areva's fragile situation.
Sources: Associated Press, 10 November 2004; New York Times, 11
November 2004; Financial Times, 30 November 2004; Nuclear
Engineering International, 30 November 2004.
INEEL Partnership Announced to Develop Hydrogen Fuel from
Nuclear Reactor | Top
On 29 November, the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental
Laboratory (INEEL) and Ceramatec Inc. announced a partnership on
a $2.6 million project to develop commercially viable hydrogen
from nuclear reactors. The project will develop hydrogen by high
temperature electrolysis. During the process, oxygen and
hydrogen within steam heated by a nuclear reactor is separated
by an electrical current. The Department of Energy is hoping for
a demonstration of commercial-scale hydrogen production using
the process by 2017.
There are other methods that could be used to produce the high
temperatures needed for the separation process, like harnessing
wind power with solar concentrators, but using a nuclear reactor
is the only one being considered by this team.
Sources: Associated Press, 29 November 2004; Department of
Energy Research News.
Extreme Microbes May Aid Nuclear Waste Disposal | Top
Researchers with the US Department of Energy (DoE) have
developed genetically manipulated "extreme microbes.” Able to
survive in earth's most inhospitable environments – some thrive
at above-boiling temperatures, enjoy the company of toxic
chemicals, and can endure large doses of radiation – these
"extremophiles" may become a valuable tool for eliminating
nuclear waste. Lab-enhanced versions could be drafted to begin
ingesting and breaking down toxins "in the not-too-distant
future," outgoing Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham said
earlier this year. In addition to saving money – the DoE
estimates conventional clean-up methods for nuclear waste could
cost up to $260 billion – the microbes break down radioactive
elements into insoluble forms, making them less likely to leak
into aquifers and streams.
Source: The Wall Street Journal, 16 November 2004.
Salem Nuclear Power Plant Shut Down Because of Oil Spill | Top
On 2 December, the operator of the Salem nuclear power plant
announced that the plant would shut down beginning 3 December
because oil spilled from a damaged tanker has spread dangerously
close to its water intake valves. The closure, which is unusual
for the second-largest nuclear power complex in the US, grew out
of fears that booms set up to contain the oil would fail, as
they have in other parts of the Delaware River.
According to A. Christopher Bakken, president of PSEG Nuclear
L.L.C. utility company that runs the Salem plant, "Rather than
wait, we are taking the right actions to have the plant in a
safe, cooled condition. We will stay shut down as long as
necessary."
Source: Philadelphia Daily News and Inquirer, 3 December 2004.
Nuclear Insanity
Oh, the Verifiable Hypocrisy! | Top
The Bush administration believes Iran is attempting to build a
nuclear weapon, and while it welcomed the country's most recent
commitment to suspend uranium enrichment, it has said it needs
"proof" of Iran 's intentions. On 26 November, President George
W. Bush said the only solid deal is "one that's verifiable."
"I appreciate the nations of Great Britain , Germany and France
, who are working to try to convince Iran to honor their
international treaty obligations," Bush said. "I look forward to
talking to the leaders of those countries, if they can get Iran
to agree to a deal, to make sure it's verifiable. I know the
prime minister of Great Britain wants a verifiable deal, because
I've talked to him personally about it."
However, when it comes to US treaty commitments, the Bush
administration is opposed to verifiability. In July 2004, the
Bush administration changed its position in support of a treaty
to end the production of fissile materials – plutonium and
highly enriched uranium – that are fundamental ingredients for
all nuclear weapons, but stated that it will not support a
verifiable Fissile Materials Cutoff Treaty (FMCT).
Perhaps Iran would be more willing to cooperate if the US led by
example rather than demanding of others what it itself will not
do.
Source: CNN, 26 November 2004.
Nuclear Warning in Iraq | Top
An unclassified warning to all US mission employees in Iraq
urges cooperation in efforts to deny terrorists access to
nuclear materials. The warning begins by pointing out "illicit
trafficking of nuclear and other radioactive materials is a
global problem." The warning continues, "Posts' participation in
investigating and reporting all alleged nuclear smuggling and
illicit trafficking incidents is imperative as we seek to deny
terrorist access to dangerous materials. The USG places a high
priority on posts reporting all activities that could relate to
a terrorist incident and documenting all smuggling incidents as
fully as possible."
One intelligence source found it strange the memo was
distributed and even stranger that it called for reports about
nuclear smuggling to be emailed to proper authorities. According
to the intelligence source, "Imagine someone just discovered
evidence of nuclear smuggling in Iraq or elsewhere in the world.
Does the US government really want that person emailing the
information? Isn't that what you would call a high-priority
communication that should be dealt with immediately by the
highest authorities?"
The warning continued: "The Iraq Survey Group (ISG) currently
maintains the mandate to investigate and report on nuclear and
other radioactive smuggling incidents. The ISG is in contact
with the Interim Iraqi Government (IIG) in order to coordinate
on any alleged smuggling incidents. Given the current security
environment in Iraq , all incidents should be reported to the
ISG."
The report then provided a number of email addresses to be used
to report nuclear smuggling incidents. No other forms of
communication were offered.
Source: WorldNet Daily, 29 November 2004.
Drunken Pilot Convicted of Risking Catastrophe | Top
On 1 December, a drunken pilot who flew his plane near a nuclear
power plant and came near six commercial airliners was sentenced
to six to 23 months in prison. According to authorities, John V.
Salamone had a blood alcohol level of 0.15 percent when he
landed his plane after an erratic, four-hour flight on 15
January 2004 over the Philadelphia region. The legal blood
alcohol level limit for pilots, set by the Federal Aviation
Administration, is 0.04 percent, half the amount for drivers in
Pennsylvania .
Salamone, 44, was convicted of risking a catastrophe and
reckless endangerment after prosecutors learned the initial
state charge of driving under the influence does not apply to
pilots. Because of the case, lawmakers have tried to rectify the
legal loophole by passing a bill - now awaiting the governor's
signature - that makes flying drunk a crime.
Salamone, flying a single-engine Piper Cherokee, meandered into
New Jersey and flew into forbidden airspace. He flew as low as
100 feet and within a quarter mile of the Limerick nuclear power
plant.
A Philadelphia police helicopter helped force the plane down.
Officials said there was little they could do, physically, to
bring the plane down after the North American Aerospace Defense
Command concluded it was not a terrorist threat.
Source: AP, 1 December 2004.
Foundation Activities
Add Your Voice for a More Secure World | Top
During the recent presidential campaign, both candidates agreed
that nuclear proliferation poses the greatest threat to the US
and the world.
The recognition of this threat confirms what we have long-known
and tried to prevent. The Nuclear Age Peace Foundation provides
a voice of reason in a troubled world faced with ongoing
proliferation, terrorism and policies that make the use of
nuclear weapons more likely.
The urgency of this period calls for a bold response and the
participation of all those concerned with creating a more secure
future. Against this backdrop, the Foundation has launched its
20 th Anniversary Campaign to provide innovative thinking, broad
public education and committed action to the challenges
confronting our world.
We urge you to participate in our 20th Anniversary Campaign and
allow us to magnify your voice in the creation of a world at
peace, safe from nuclear threats. Together we can make a
difference.
This is the Foundation's first major fundraising campaign, and
we are seeking to raise $2 million. We are aiming to complete
the campaign by February 2005 and hope that you will consider
making a gift to help us meet our goal.
The success of the campaign will allow the Foundation to:
+ Solidify its ongoing programs;
+ Initiate new projects seeking policy changes at the national
and international levels; and
+ Ensure the continuity of its programs through income
generated from endowment.
YOU can help make the world more secure by adding your voice to
a rising chorus of concerned individuals who are investing in
the human race, not the arms race.
We appreciate your support and believe that together we can make
a difference concerning the greatest threat facing us today. At
the end of this campaign, we will know that we have done all we
can to pass on a more secure world to our children and
grandchildren.
For more information, please visit:
http://www.wagingpeace.org/menu/about/anniversary/index.htm
[http://www.wagingpeace.org/menu/about/anniversary/index.htm]
Make a gift to support the campaign using our secure online
server at:
https://www.wagingpeace.org/menu/about/anniversary/support/
Resources
News Zero: The New York Times and the Bomb by Beverly Deepe
Keever | Top
How did a world class newspaper become little more than a
propaganda outlet for the US government in its drive to cover up
the dangers of radioactivity emanating from the testing of
nuclear weapons? And why is it still offering warped coverage of
the issues 40 years after the end of nuclear tests above ground?
Hiding nearly half of the tests from public view, The New York
Times' stories predated by more than 40 years its recent crisis
of made-up stories by reporter Jayson Blair. And the people of
Enewetak, removed from their Pacific Islands and still exiled,
have much to tell the Iraqis about the sad history of US
governance abroad. In this compelling case study, author Beverly
Deepe Keever takes you inside our most prestigious newspaper to
show just how the New York Times covered up the reality from
half lives with half truths.
Order a copy online from Common Courage Press at:
http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&booki
d=282
[http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=2
82]
What the DOE Knows it Doesn't Know About Grout | Top
Brice Smith, with the Institute for Energy and Environmental
Research, has released a new study of high-level waste
immobilization at South Carolina's Savannah River entitled,
“What the DoE Knows it Doesn't Know About Grout.” The report
finds that serious doubts remain about the durability of
proposed waste containment solutions and recommends the
Department of Energy develop more realistic testing procedures
before moving forward with inadequate standards. Click here
[http://www.ieer.org/reports/srs/grout.pdf] to read the complete
report.
United States Air Force: Counterspace Operations | Top
On 2 August 2004, the United States Air Force published a new
doctrine called Counterspace Operations . General John P.
Jumper, Chief of Staff of the US Air Force writes in the
foreword, “Counterspace operations have defensive and offensive
elements, both of which depend on robust space situation
awareness. These operations may be utilized throughout the
spectrum of conflict and may achieve a variety of effects from
temporary denial to complete destruction of the adversary's
space capability.” Click here
[http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/service_pubs/afdd2_2_1.pdf] to
view the original document.
Quotable
“In my view, we have come to a fork in the road: either there
must be a demonstrated commitment to move toward nuclear
disarmament, or we should resign ourselves to the fact that
other countries will pursue a more dangerous parity through
proliferation. The difficulty of achieving our ultimate
objective — the elimination of all nuclear weapons — should by
no means be underestimated. But at the same time, it should not
be used as a pretext for failing to start the process of drastic
reductions in existing nuclear arsenals, and simultaneously to
explore the development of collective response mechanisms that
will be needed against any future clandestine nuclear
proliferation efforts.”
-IAEA Director General Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei
Statements made at Stanford University's Center for
International Security and Cooperation (CISAC)
[http://cisac.stanford.edu/]
4 November 2004
“Nuclear war serves no military purpose whatsoever. It's totally
useless."
-Former US Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara
Statements made at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and
International Affairs at Princeton University
11 November 2004
“The instant you see the strip — the one they pin to your
coverall to measure your exposure to radiation — you understand
how high the stakes are. Yucca Mountain isn't for the faint of
heart.”
-Jack Laleigh
From his article, “What Happens at Yucca Mountain Stays at
Yucca Mountain ”
17 November 2004
“On January 18, I advised you that the Department of Justice had
issued a formal legal opinion concluding that the Geneva
Convention III on the Treatment of Prisoners of War (GPW) does
not apply to the conflict with al Qaeda. I also advised you that
DOJ's opinion concludes that there are reasonable grounds for
you to conclude that GPW does not apply with respect to the
conflict with the Taliban. I understand that you decided that
GPW does not apply and; accordingly, that al Qaeda and Taliban
detainees are not prisoners of war under the GPW…The war against
terrorism is a new kind of war…In my judgment, this new paradigm
renders obsolete Geneva's strict limitations on questioning of
enemy prisoners and renders quaint some of its provisions…”
Alberto Gonzales, President Bush's nominee for Attorney General
Excerpts from Gonzales' memo to President Bush on the
application of Geneva Conventions on Prisoners of War
25 January 2002
“We need to rededicate ourselves to working for peace. Not just
further empowering the anti-war movement, but to look at peace
as a creative endeavor…”
-Dennis Kucinich
Taken from his post-election statement
5 November 2004
“They made a wasteland and called it peace,' Tacitus famously
said. It was left to the United States , champion of freedom, to
update the formula: They made a wasteland and called it
democracy.”
Jonathan Schell
From his article “What Happened to Hearts?” on the War in Iraq
6 December 2004
Editorial Team
Editorial Team | Top
+ Luke Brothers
+ David Krieger
+ Carah Ong
Resources Sunflower December 2004, No. 91
© Nuclear Age Peace Foundation 1998 - | Powered by EverZen.com
[http://www.everzen.com]
*****************************************************************
54 Las Vegas SUN: Museum looking for Las Vegas' 1957 blonde atomic bombshell
Today: December 08, 2004 at 10:14:20 PST
By JOAN WHITELY ASSOCIATED PRESS
LAS VEGAS (AP) - She may be the most famous pop-culture image of
aboveground nuclear explosions at the Nevada Test Site.
Her photograph, snapped in 1957, shows a young, high-heeled
woman attired mostly in a frothy cotton mushroom cloud,
gleefully throwing her hands in the desert air.
Her identity has been lost, but Robert Friedrichs is doing his
best to find her.
Friedrichs is employed by the National Nuclear Security
Administration, which is responsible for the test site and
monitors Bechtel Nevada, the test site operator. His agency is
assisting in the upcoming opening of the Atomic Testing Museum
in Las Vegas.
Friedrichs wants to properly credit the mystery woman when the
museum has its grand opening in February with her likeness on
gift shop products and written materials.
The museum is near the campus of the University of Nevada, Las
Vegas. Its mission is to show the scientific, political and
economic role the test site played in the Cold War.
It will depict what Director Bill Johnson called a "crisscross"
of viewpoints, including the experience of "downwinders" who
lived in areas affected by radioactive fallout, and American
Indians who consider the test site their tribal land.
"It's about balance (of viewpoints). It's about equity. It's
about preserving what happened," says Vanya Scott, museum
registrar, who has been collecting and organizing artifacts for
display. The museum is a project of the Nevada Test Site
Historical Foundation.
In the 1950s, many Americans saw the mushroom cloud as "a symbol
of American power and our greatness," Scott said. "And Las Vegas
was the epicenter of that."
The federal government was reluctant to publicize its atomic
testing program, even after World War II. But Johnson says that
when the government opened the test site in 1951, Las Vegans
used it as an attraction.
Businesses incorporated the term "atomic" in their products and
services. Some used the mushroom cloud as a visual element in
promotions.
One of the best-known icons became the blonde, whose image will
appear in a section of the museum dealing with the popular
impact of atomic testing on Las Vegas, and in the wider pop
culture.
Friedrichs knows a lot about her, but not her name. He hopes
news accounts can provide tips about who she was, and how to
locate her or her family.
She was a Copa Girl at the Sands Hotel, now the site of The
Venetian hotel-casino. The girls performed in the hotel's Copa
Room and appeared at special events.
For the picture, the Las Vegas News Bureau dispatched
photographer Don English in May 1957 to snap a picture outside
the Sands Hotel in connection with aboveground testing at the
test site.
Friedrichs interviewed English, and emerged with details that
dispelled several myths surrounding the photo.
English, who is retired but still lives in Las Vegas, said the
blasts were considered a chance to draw publicity for Las Vegas.
But it had become repetitious to photograph a mushroom cloud for
each atomic test.
So he and co-workers devised the cotton mushroom cloud,
consisting of cotton wadding glued to cardboard. It was attached
over the model's swimsuit.
The vibrant woman is sometimes described as a Miss Atomic Blast,
but English confirmed that no beauty pageant occurred in
connection with the atomic test.
English did not photograph her at the exact moment of a test
blast, as is sometimes claimed. The landscape behind the model
shows the photo was taken facing east - away from the test site.
The 1,375-square-mile federal reservation, 80 miles northwest of
Las Vegas, hosted 1,021 full-scale nuclear blasts from 1951 to
1992.
Friedrichs researched Sands hotel documents archived by the
University of Nevada, Las Vegas library. He found some
promotional material from May 1957 that includes biographies of
Copa Girls, but none are the woman in the photo.
He hopes that some other former Copa Girls may still live in
southern Nevada and provide information about the woman.
Friedrichs' work is complicated by the fact that turnover was
high among Copa Girls. Many used the position as a springboard
to higher-paying positions in Hollywood or elsewhere.
Friedrichs also uncovered a wealth of related information about
showgirls of the day, and other women who were photographed with
atomic-related props. The 1957 photo is far from the only Las
Vegas publicity shot to link beautiful women to nuclear
detonations.
Entertainment executive Jack Entratter, who produced shows for
the Sands during the era, paid Copa Girls $125 a week, according
to a Sept. 11, 1957, memo by Sands publicist Al Freeman.
Copa Girl Linda Lawson was photographed on May 1, 1955, being
crowned "Mis-Cue" by six Army soldiers. Her crown is topped by a
mushroom cloud. Lawson went on to become an actress and singer.
The Sands used the image to win space in newspapers across the
country, in connection with a test site detonation called
Operation Cue. When bad weather delayed the test shot for
several days, the hotel devised the "miscue" title.
The soldiers depicted were from Camp Desert Rock at the test
site. Military personnel present for testing were allowed trips
into town.
Friedrichs found an obituary for another southern Nevada woman
who had been photographed with atomic regalia. Paula Margaret
Hamilton Davis died in February 2002 at age 65. Her obituary
reports that she participated in a 1953 Miss North Las Vegas
Atomic Bomb contest.
"That was her prize moment, to tell you the truth," her son,
Stutz Davis, recently recalled. His mother, who competed under
the name Paula Harris, rode a North Las Vegas Chamber of
Commerce float in the 1953 Helldorado parade.
The float belched smoke in a mushroom shape as it carried
Harris. Its banner touted North Las Vegas as "new and modern as
the A-Bomb."
The atomic testing program was a source of civic pride because
it demonstrated U.S. might. Friedrichs believes it helped force
the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991.
---
On the Net: Nevada Test Site Historical Foundation:
http://www.ntshf.org [http://www.ntshf.org]
--
*****************************************************************
55 TheDay.com: Electric Boat President John P. Casey
Wednesday, Dec 8, 2004
EB Making Plans For Less Productive Future
Workload shrinking, says Casey; sub base's future also poses
potential threat
By ROBERT A. HAMILTON
Day Staff Writer, Navy/Defense/Electric Boat
Published on 12/8/2004
Groton Electric Boat President John P. Casey said the shipyard
could shrink to half its current size over the next five years,
although he is struggling to find work that might help to keep
the company from contracting that much.
I think we could be successful at half our current size, and I
think we could be there somewhere down the road, Casey said
during his annual meeting with local elected and business
officials Tuesday morning at the shipyard.
Our plan going forward is not to be what we are today, Casey
said. We will become a smaller business going forward, and we
have to be successful for those who remain.
Casey also said that if the Naval Submarine Base were ordered
shut down by the Base Realignment and Closure Commission next
year, it would eliminate a significant portion of the submarine
repair work that has become the foundation for the shipyard
business.
I'm not going to tell you if the sub base goes, Electric Boat
goes, Casey said. I will not give up that easily. But it is
important that the base stay here because Electric Boat can only
be fully capable if we're involved in everything from concept and
design right down through and including repairing vessels that
have already been at sea.
Assuming the base stays and the Navy continues to order one new
submarine a year, Casey said, the business would be viable, but
smaller. He promised the company will be in a position where we
can remain successful if that's what the market will bear, if
that's what the market says we have available. We're going to
retain the capability to be successful in those circumstances.
And, Casey said, most of the cutbacks should be accomplished
through attrition rather than the heavy layoffs the company
experienced in the 1990s.
There may be some small pockets that need adjustment, but I
think we're in good shape to be fairly stable for most of this
year, Casey said.
The long-term prospects could still improve for the company, he
said; five years ago he would have predicted EB would be at about
7,000 workers in 2004, but it has almost 12,000, including 8,750
in Groton and 2,100 in Quonset Point, R.I., because of a couple
of special projects.
Projections about declining business opportunities have a way
of correcting themselves, but it requires a lot of effort, Casey
said. I think the Navy is very anxious to make sure that we
remain successful as well. They recognize that challenge and I
think they're sincerely interested in trying to help us with
that.
Thomas A. Sheridan, president of the Chamber of Commerce of
Eastern Connecticut, said he was encouraged that Casey seemed
committed to a healthy shipbuilding operation in the region.
He made it very clear they're going to do their best to look
for new work, Sheridan said. I thought it was a pretty
positive, upbeat report. I came away with the feeling this
company is going to fight to have an existence in southeastern
Connecticut.
"""At the height of the Cold War, EB employed almost 25,000
people delivering sometimes as many as six or seven submarines a
year. But orders fell off sharply after the fall of the Berlin
Wall.
Employment at EB dropped below 9,000 at one point, though it has
started to climb back on the basis of some special projects,
including an $887 million hull module for the Jimmy Carter and
the conversion of four former ballistic missile submarines into
SSGNs, which can fire conventional missiles and carry large
complements of Special Forces.
But EB is preparing to deliver the Carter in a few weeks and is
making rapid progress on the SSGN. As those projects wind down,
the only work behind them is the Virginia-class submarine
program.
The Navy seems to have settled into a pattern of ordering one
Virginia-class submarine a year, and EB shares that work with
Northrop Grumman Newport News in Virginia, so Casey said the
company is seeking other opportunities.
We will look at adjacent markets, but we're not going to stray
far, he said. We are not going to try to make ourselves into a
bowling-pin manufacturer or a truck-body manufacturer (two lines
of business EB pursued between the World Wars), but we will look
at areas that we think closely overlap with our core
competencies.
The shipyard has also benefited from a surplus of work in the
public shipyard area. Because a large number of Los Angeles- or
688-class submarines have come due for refueling and the public
yards don't have the capacity to do smaller repair jobs, he said,
EB has gotten back into the ship repair business. Recently it
started its first major nonrefueling overhaul in more than 30
years.
In addition, EB personnel are increasingly working up the river
at the base, operating the Shippingport drydock, staffing the New
England Maintenance Manpower Initiative to do small pierside
repair jobs, and managing the Nuclear Regional Maintenance
Department.
But that work is threatened by a couple of developments, Casey
said: When the refuelings for the 688 class come to an end, the
naval shipyards are going to want to bring that work back into
their facilities, provided none of them are closed by the BRAC.
In addition, he noted, it makes sense to have EB do repair work
on the submarines because it's so close to the base, which means
crews don't have to be away from their families for months at a
time during an overhaul. If the base closed, he said, that
advantage would no longer exist and the repair work could dry up.
A state analysis found that if the submarine base closed and EB
followed a few years later, southeastern Connecticut could lose
24,000 jobs and more than $2.5 billion a year in its economy. But
Casey said the region is not going to be able to prevent the
submarine base from closing by arguing that it would be
devastating to close it.
No matter which bases get closed, it will have a deleterious
impact on the communities involved. So if you're a national-level
politician, somebody's community is going to suffer. That's a
given.
We have to have a story that says why it's the right thing to
have a base here. I think it has to be an approach where we
stress that the submarine center of excellence is here, and
that's the right thing for the country, to keep it here.
John C. Markowicz, chairman of the Subase Realignment Coalition,
which is fighting to save the base, said his group has stressed
from the start of its campaign that having the base and EB yields
a synergy that is unmatched at any other base.
The key determining factor in BRAC will be military value,
Markowicz said. We're on the same page.
b.hamilton@theday.com
1998-2004 The Day Publishing Co.
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56 TheDay.com: Electric Boat Sharing Sub Expertise With Spain
By ROBERT A. HAMILTON
Day Staff Writer, Navy/Defense/Electric Boat
Published on 12/8/2004
Groton Electric Boat is in preliminary discussions with Spain
about assisting that country with its submarine program, which
could give the company a toehold in its third foreign market in
as many years.
EB President John P. Casey said the company has maybe a half a
dozen people working on the project, which involves providing
advice to the Spanish Navy on its plans for the S-80 class of
submarine, its version of the French Scorpene class.
They're interested in having us review that to make sure that
it's done properly, Casey said. We would ... play the role that
Navsea (Naval Sea Systems Command, which oversees ship
construction) does for us.
Casey said the company also has been following the proposal for
the U.S. Navy to build as many as eight diesel-electric
submarines for Taiwan. He said he discussed the matter with U.S.
Rep. James Langevin, D-R.I., before he left for a visit to Taiwan
this week.
The question there has always been, in my mind, will the
Taiwanese actually pay for those ships? Casey said. Will their
political process authorize money to pay for those ships? If they
decide that they should, that is potentially a significant
program, albeit a non-nuclear program, and there will be a lot of
people scratching at that. We don't have an automatic ability to
win that, we're going to have to compete.
But, Casey added, If that program becomes a reality, we will do
what we have to do to be involved in it.
Casey cautioned that discussions about both the Spanish and
Taiwanese programs are preliminary, and that before they could
proceed, he would have to win approval from the host countries
and the U.S. Navy, which would want assurances that no U.S.
submarine technology would find its way into products for another
country.
EB already is involved in a $20 million, three-year program to
help Australia with its Collins-class of diesel-electric
submarine, under a pact that could be extended to seven years,
and about 100 EB designers are working on the British Astute
class of nuclear submarine, a program run by an EB executive.
I wouldn't read too much into it, but if work is available I
want to be aware of it, Casey said. If it's something where we
can be helpful, if it's something that we do, we want to know
about it.
Casey announced the possible collaboration with Spain during an
annual breakfast meeting with local elected and business
officials.
Spain intends to build four of the submarines at a total cost of
about $2.4 billion, and is exploring the possibility of an
air-independent propulsion system based on fuel cells that would
allow them to operate for extended periods without surfacing to
recharge their batteries.
Casey said the EB division that is working on a new electric
drive system for U.S. submarines also has been working closely
with Gamesa, a Spanish industrial group .
r.hamilton@theday.com
1998-2004 The Day Publishing Co.
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