***************************************************************** 09/15/04 **** RADIATION BULLETIN(RADBULL) **** VOL 12.221 ***************************************************************** RADBULL IS PRODUCED BY THE ABALONE ALLIANCE CLEARINGHOUSE ***************************************************************** Send News Stories to news@energy-net.org with title on subject line and first line of body NUCLEAR POLICY 1 AFP: US falters in getting hard line against Iran's nuclear program 2 Unlimited: Iranian Freeze on Uranium About to End 3 Xinhuanet: Washington's Iran tough talk questionable 4 chinadaily: Rationality needed to solve Iran nuclear issue 5 brunei-online: Iran refuses to budge from its nuke stance 6 Korea Herald: [EDITORIAL]Another IAEA probe 7 Korea: Digital Chosunilbo: Diplomats: "6-way Talks Unlikely to Be He 8 Korea: Digital Chosunilbo: British Official: Pyongyang Unwilling to 9 JoongAng Daily: IAEA coming to search for lost uranium 10 Korea: Digital Chosunilbo: IAEA to Write Report on South Korean Nucl 11 BBC: Mystery over N Korea cloud 12 Korea: Digital Chosunilbo: IAEA to Send Second Team of Inspectors to 13 Bangornews.com: Fear & Nukes in North Korea 14 Guardian Unlimited: North Korea Looks to Delay Nuclear Talks 15 Xinhuanet: IAEA to send second inspection team to South Korea 16 Korea Times: IAEA Inspection to Focus on Unreported Uranium 17 Korea Times: Summits Bring Political Honeymoon 18 Korea Times: Lingering Nuclear Suspicion 19 Korea Times: Moscow, Seoul Enjoy Peaceful Dividends in New Relations 20 AFP: Seoul seeks Russian help in restarting N.Korea nuclear talks 21 AFP: N.Korea not ready to resume nuclear talks: Russia 22 US: [NYTr] Nuking the American Mind 23 [du-list] Washington's secret nuclear war 24 US: AxisofLogic: U.S. Military: Nuclear Weapons Stealth Takeover 25 US: AxisofLogic: Critical Analysis: America’s Nuclear Wars 26 US: Rep. Waxman: Secrecy in the Bush Administration 27 SA News24: Lawyers for 'WMD pair' puzzled 28 AFP: UN atomic agency ends special investigation of Libya's nuclear 29 News24: SA, UN in joint nuke probe 30 Guardian Unlimited: Nuclear Chief: Russia Increasing Vigilance 31 asahi.com: Mutual distrust reinforces nuclear addiction 32 AFP: Pakistan adopts bill to tighten controls on nuclear exports NUCLEAR REACTORS 33 US: [NukeNet] NY Times Runs Interference For Indian Point 34 US: [NukeNet] Radiation Release Possible in Plant Attack 35 US: Portland Press Herald: Yankee dome to fall in a cloud of dust 36 US: NRC: NRC Proposes Tougher Export-Import Requirements for High-Ri 37 US: NRC: Sunshine Act Notice 38 The Herald: British Energy war of words escalates 39 BBC: UK needs 'more nuclear stations' 40 US: Platts NEI: Nuclear industry will meet NRC security deadline 41 US: Pulse of the Twin Cities: 20 more years of nuclear? 42 US: Insight Mag: GAO Raises Concerns Over Nuke Security - 43 US: Lincoln County News: The dome at Maine Yankee 44 Korea Times: KEDO to Compensate Korean Companies 45 Scotsman.com: Blair Warns of Safety Fears Hurdle for Nuclear Energy 46 US: Newsday: Nuclear power plant shut down again for valve repair 47 US: Newsday: Lawmakers question agency's monitoring of nuclear power 48 US: TheDay.com: Burton Running For Legislature On Anti-nuke Platform 49 ThisisLondon: Bondholders 'No' to British Energy NUCLEAR SAFETY 50 US: How Airplanes Can Be Easily Hijacked Still Says Ex Customs Agent 51 [du-list] DU - teh stuff of nightmares 52 US: Hawk Eye: Kerry weighs in on claims 53 US: Hawk Eye: Claims report blames Congress 54 US: Hawk Eye: Leach and Boswell sign on 55 US: courier-journal: Sick-worker program may change 56 US: Idaho Statesman: Downwinders to tell their tales, thanks to dele NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE 57 AFP: UN to help Iraq clean up toxic pollution after conflicts 58 Las Vegas SUN: OPINION: Yucca project to fail regardless of politics 59 Las Vegas SUN: Editorial: Yucca lawsuit well warrants strong action 60 Las Vegas SUN: Letter: GOP plays word games on Yucca 61 Las Vegas SUN: State protests limits on Yucca oversight 62 Nevada Appeal: AG calls for investigation of Yucca construction haza 63 US: CCDR: Citizens: Shut down Cotter 64 US: Charleston.Net: Protest readied for weapons-grade plutonium ship 65 US: TownOnline.com: Perchlorate FAQ: 66 US: TownOnline.com: River, plant eyed as perchlorate source 67 Pahrump Valley Times: Nevada files another Yucca project lawsuit NUCLEAR WEAPONS US DEPT. OF ENERGY 68 Las Vegas RJ: New DOE rules concern Clark County officials 69 Tri-City Herald: Panel OKs $1 million for Hanford Reach visitors cen 70 SF Chronicle: Four workers fired, one resigns in Los Alamos lab scan 71 DOE: [Docket Nos. PL04-15-000, RM02-12-000, RM02-1-001, RM02-1-005] 72 Daily Camera: Flats analyzing buffer zone hot spot 73 State Dept: U.S., IAEA Program Promotes Nuclear Plant Safety OTHER NUCLEAR ***************************************************************** ***************************************************************** FULL NEWS STORIES ***************************************************************** ***************************************************************** 1 AFP: US falters in getting hard line against Iran's nuclear program [http://www.spacewar.com/] WAR.WIRE VIENNA (AFP) Sep 14, 2004 The United States appeared to falter Tuesday in its push for a hard line over Iran's alleged nuclear weapons program as a meeting of the UN atomic agency was suspended for more talks. The meeting in Vienna of the International Atomic Energy Agency adjourned its plenary session until further notice in order to allow for informal talks, IAEA spokesman Mark Gwozdecky said. "There is a lot of hard negotiating going on," IAEA chief Mohamed ElBaradei told reporters. IAEA officials said that a resolution might be brought before the IAEA's 35-nation board of governors on Friday, but this was not certain. The United States is pushing for the atomic agency to adopt a resolution at a meeting in Vienna this week that would set a deadline, possibly as early as October 31, for Tehran to fully suspend uranium enrichment and to take other measures, diplomats said. "We want the resolution to lay out essential and urgent steps for Iran to take," a US official said. He said the United States saw the deadline as a "trigger," so that if Iran failed to do what was asked, the IAEA would automatically at its next meeting in November take Tehran to the UN Security Council for possible sanctions. A non-American western diplomat said Washington was pushing for a tougher resolution than one drafted by Britain, France and Germany, who have stressed constructive engagement, rather than confrontation, with Iran. Their resolution gives Iran a November deadline to allay concern that it is secretly making atomic weapons but does not say that Iran should automatically be taken to the Security Council if it fails to do this. Non-aligned states were firmly in support of the European position. Malaysia's IAEA ambassador Hussein Haniff said they "do not want to see a trigger mechanism becuase that is pre-emptive." He said the IAEA should work from reports by its director general ElBaradei and "there is nothing in the report that calls for Iran to be referred to the UN Security Council." Meanwhile, Iran appeared to be hardening its stance, saying it would not agree to an unlimited suspension of uranium enrichment, a process that makes what can be fuel for civilian reactors or the explosive core of atomic bombs. Hossein Mousavian, the head of the Iranian delegation to the IAEA meeting, warned that "we will not accept any bargaining for an unlimited suspension." "Iran will not accept having to make new commitments that extend the scope of the suspension of uranium enrichment," he said. Tehran insists its program is strictly for civilian purposes and within the confines of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The United States however maintains Iran has not lived up to an agreement a year ago to suspend the building of centrifuges used for enriching uranium and is in fact conducting a covert program to produce nuclear weapons. ElBaradei warned against a deadline, saying he had not yet decided whether Iran's program had peaceful intent or was designed to develop weapons. "There is no artificial deadline whereby I can say in November, I can promise that everything will be completed," he told reporters. "Have we seen any proof of a weapons program? Have we seen undeclared enrichment? Have we seen undeclared material?" he asked. "Well, obviously on these issues until today there is none of that, but are we in a position to say that everything now is peaceful? Obviously we are not at that stage." He said the investigation was "very complex" as it depended on information from both Iran and countries involved in the international black market that supplied Tehran with nuclear materials. ElBaradei said he was ready to give an "evaluation" to the IAEA board of governors that would decide on a deadline, "but I am giving advance warning that this will not be the end of the story." All rights reserved. © 2004 Agence France-Presse [http://www.afp.com/] . Sections of the information displayed on ***************************************************************** 2 Unlimited: Iranian Freeze on Uranium About to End From the Associated Press [UP] Wednesday September 15, 2004 8:46 PM By GEORGE JAHN Associated Press Writer VIENNA, Austria (AP) - A senior Iranian envoy suggested Wednesday that Tehran's partial yearlong freeze on uranium enrichment is about to end, shrugging off U.S. and European pressure to renounce the process and end fears that his country wants to make nuclear arms. Both Washington and the European Union want a commitment from Iran to stop enrichment and have been working on a resolution to be adopted at an International Atomic Energy Agency meeting demanding that Tehran agree to such a freeze. But they differ on the firmness of the wording of a resolution, with the United States seeking European support to have Iran hauled before the U.N. Security Council if it defies conditions meant to dispel suspicions about its nuclear agenda. Hossein Mousavian, Iran's chief envoy to the meeting, suggested Iran was not about to cave in to threats of Security Council action, which could lead to sanctions. ``I think one year is enough,'' he told The Associated Press, when asked if his country would agree to extend a commitment to suspend enrichment that it made last October. Mousavian did not name a date for a resumption of enrichment, but suggested it could be ``a few months'' away. Deep U.S.-European differences on the wording of the draft resolution persisted into Wednesday, leading to an adjournment of the meeting of the IAEA's board of governors until Friday to allow back-room negotiations and consultations with capitals. Still, copies of both the U.S. and European drafts - made available in full to The Associated Press - showed both sides favoring some kind of deadline for Iran to commit to a new freeze on enrichment - and at least an implicit threat of referral to the Security Council if Tehran remained defiant. Iran is not prohibited from enrichment under its obligations to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty but has faced mounting international pressure to suspend the technology - which can be used both to make nuclear arms and generate electricity - as a gesture to dispel suspicions it is interested in making weapons. Last week, Iran confirmed an IAEA report that it planned to convert more than 40 tons of raw uranium into uranium hexafluoride, the feed stock for enrichment. Even before that, international concerns grew because of perceptions that a suspension of enrichment and related activities was never fully enacted and had eroded since Tehran's pledge a year ago. An IAEA report has given Iran some good marks for cooperation with the most recent phase of an agency probe into nearly two decades of covert nuclear activities that came to light only two years ago. But the report also said Iran must do more to banish all suspicions it harbors nuclear weapons ambitions. Mousavian referred to that report in arguing there was no need to demand a further freeze. ``All major necessary confidence-building measures have been taken by Iran, and today the agency has full control and supervision,'' he said. ``That's why we believe that (a) one year suspension is good enough.'' Mousavian downplayed the significance of U.S.-European differences on the language of any resolution, suggesting the rift was more over style than substance. ``They have the same opinion, but the Americans are in a hurry for a harsh decision and the Europeans believe in dialogue,'' he said. That view was echoed by former President Hashemi Rafsanjani, the closest figure to Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and head of the Expediency Council, a powerful arbitrating body within the ruling establishment. ``America and the Europeans follow the same objective: denying Iran mastery over nuclear technology,'' Rafsanjani told state television. ``The Americans say that impudently, while Europeans say (it) diplomatically.'' Among the differences were on a deadline. The Americans asked that the draft call on Iran to meet demands by Oct. 31. The EU text remained more vague, asking only that IAEA Director General Mohamed ElBaradei submit a comprehensive report before November for evaluation by the board. --- On the Net: IAEA: http://www.iaea.org Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2004 ***************************************************************** 3 Xinhuanet: Washington's Iran tough talk questionable www.xinhuanet.com www.chinaview.cn 2004-09-15 14:09:13 BEIJING, Sept. 15 (Xinhuanet) -- As the motives for the war against Iraq disintegrate, the United States has seemingly found a new target against which to act tough. US Undersecretary of State John R. Bolton warned on Sunday the United States will pursue sanctions against Iran if Teheran does not renounce its quest for nuclear weapons. Bolton also said President George W. Bush is "determined to try to find a peaceful and diplomatic solution" to the issue, but hinted that all options, including the use of force, remain open. Such talk is not new. We heard a similar tone from Washington when it targeted Iraq. As early as almost three years ago, the US blacklisted Iran with Iraq, Syria, Sudan and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). Urging the so-called "axis of evil" to renounce terrorism, Washington singled out Iran to be the "epicentre" of international terrorist funding. The US Congress has been drafting a joint resolution since May, calling for punitive action against Teheran if it does not fully reveal details of its nuclear programme. It seems inevitable that Iran will come into the military crosshairs of the United States. Bolton spoke a day before the opening of a key meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the UN nuclear watchdog. A draft resolution on the Iran issue made by Britain, France and Germany was presented to IAEA's meeting yesterday. Iran rebuffed on Sunday the key demand by the European powers which have threatened to intensify pressure if Teheran does not curb its nuclear programme. The three European powers have set a November deadline for it to meet certain conditions meant to banish concerns that it is secretly trying to make nuclear weapons. The warning is viewed as shorthand for the referral of Iran's case to the UN Security Council, raising the possibility of Security Council sanctions. Up to now, the three European countries have resisted US attempts to have Iran hauled before the Security Council. With the US presidential election drawing ever closer, the Bush administration's Iran policy may remain unclear because of this. According to US officials, decisions on how to deal with Iran will not be made until after the US elections in November, noting that the US is awaiting the findings of the IAEA on Iran's nuclear activity. The IAEA has been investigating Iran's nuclear programme for two years, ever since the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI) reported in August 2002 that Teheran was concealing several massive nuclear facilities from the UN watchdog. It has uncovered many potentially weapons-related activities but has so far found nothing to confirm US allegations that Iran has a covert nuclear programme that goes beyond what is required to generate electricity. How can the world, then, trust the reliability of US intelligence on Iran after the information it gave on Iraq turned out to be so dubious? (By Bi Lun with China Daily) Copyright ©2003 Xinhua News Agency. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 4 chinadaily: Rationality needed to solve Iran nuclear issue Fang Zhou Updated: 2004-09-15 08:52 It seems that the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is determined to free itself from US influence in solving the Iranian nuclear issue despite continuing diplomatic pressure from Washington for a tougher stance on Teheran. Mohamed ElBaradei, chief of the UN nuclear watchdog, said on Monday there is no deadline for it to end its investigations into Iran's programme, which Washington says is for the production of nuclear weapons. Teheran maintains it is for peaceful purposes. "It's an open process and we will finish when I believe we are finished," ElBaradei said at a board of governors meeting of the IAEA in Vienna, although he did call on Iran to provide more information. Elbaradei also said the world's nuclear body has gained some progress in Iran's nuclear probe with the co-operation of Teheran and other countries. Britain, France and Germany warned Iran of possible "further steps" from the IAEA if it fails to respond to international concerns about its weapons-related nuclear programme by November, when the Vienna-based nuclear agency convenes its next board of governors meeting. This ultimatum-issuing tone is not constructive. The three European "big powers" have remained in contact with Iran since its uranium enrichment was released last year. The United States has recently lobbied to have Teheran hauled before the United Nations Security Council. John R. Bolton, US Undersecretary of State, even threatened on Sunday that the United States will push for sanctions against Iran if Teheran does not renounce its pursuit of nuclear weapons. The three European countries' November deadline for Teheran can drive the issue into an impasse rather than solve it. The intransigence by Iran and the United States is reminiscent of the eve of the Iraq War, when the United States also set a deadline for former Iraq's Saddam Hussein regime to accept UN nuclear inspection teams to inspect its alleged weapons of mass destruction programme. This ultimatum has since proved to be useless as the United States, its inspectors, and the IAEA have so far failed to find sound evidence for any such programme in Iraq. The IAEA and other international organizations should be given their own space to operate independently when dealing with international issues. (China Daily) ©Copyright 2004 Chinadaily.com.cn All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 5 brunei-online: Iran refuses to budge from its nuke stance September 15, 2004 www.brunei-online.com TEHRAN (AFP) - Iran refuses to accept an unlimited suspension of uranium enrichment and will not stop the manufacture of centrifuges, one of the Islamic republic's top nuclear officials was quoted as saying Tuesday. "We will not accept any bargaining for an unlimited suspension," said Hossein Mousavian, a top member of the Iranian delegation to a key meeting in Vienna of the UN nuclear watchdog. Limiting Iran's mastery of the nuclear fuel cycle is at the heart of the debate at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) over US-led calls for the Tehran regime to be referred to the UN Security Council for enforcement action. "Iran will not accept committing itself to a new suspension of the manufacture of parts" for centrifuges used for enrichment, Mousavian was quoted as saying by the Iranian student news agency ISNA. "Iran will not accept having to make new commitments that extend the scope of the suspension of uranium enrichment," he told ISNA from Vienna. Iran had last October suspended the enrichment of uranium as a confidence-building measure while under investigation by the IAEA on the US charges it was secretly developing nuclear weapons. Uranium can be enriched through centrifuges into a highly refined form that can be used as fuel for civilian reactors or to make an atomic bomb. Nuclear fuel cycle work for peaceful purposes is permitted under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and its additional protocol, but there are worries Iran could master this and then use it for military purposes. Britain, France and Germany have been trying to get Iran to agree to surrender its enrichment programme in return for a guaranteed supply of nuclear fuel and increased trade. Mousavian said this was out of the question. "If the final (IAEA) resolution demands the continuation of the enrichment suspension, Iran will reject it," he said, adding that the Europeans had already made such a demand and Iran had refused it. Iran has only agreed to suspend enrichment pending the completion of the IAEA investigation, and Mousavian insisted Iran had done enough to build confidence. "We consider that Iran has done a lot to build confidence, notably by signing the additional protocol and implementing it," he said, referring to a supplementary treaty allowing tougher IAEA inspections. Mousavian said on Monday Iran was ready to resume enriching uranium within a few months although no decision had been reached, in the clearest sign yet that the year-old suspension was about to be ended. He said Iran was disappointed with Britain, France and Germany, with whom it signed the October agreement to suspend enrichment and increase cooperation with the IAEA. He said the three European powers had promised to have the IAEA investigation wrapped up by last June and provide transfers of peaceful nuclear technology, but had failed to honour their undertakings. Copyright © 2003 Brunei Press Sdn Bhd [http://www.bruneipress.com.bn] . All right reserved. ***************************************************************** 6 Korea Herald: [EDITORIAL]Another IAEA probe 2004.09.16 The International Atomic Energy Agency is sending a second inspection team to South Korea this weekend to delve into its suspicions about the nation's past nuclear experiments. The dispatch of another team in less than three weeks is evidence of how seriously the U.N. agency regards the recently disclosed plutonium extraction and uranium enrichment, no matter how small their amounts may have been. On Monday, Mohamed ElBaradei, IAEA director general, termed the failure to report them immediately as a "matter of serious concern." But the second round of inspections should not be a cause of too much concern to the South Korean government if the nuclear scientists involved conducted the experiments out of curiosity, as it claims. Instead, this should serve as an occasion for the government to clear any doubts the U.N. agency may harbor about them. It is of no use for the government to brush aside the IAEA director general's remark as mere rhetoric or to complain that it is unduly being bashed by the international news media when it has nothing to hide about extracting a negligible amount of plutonium in 1982 and producing a tiny amount of enriched uranium in 2000. It is also useless to appeal to the U.N. agency that it had no ill-conceived intentions about the experiments. What the government needs to do is to convince the inspectors with facts that it was not behind the experiments. It may do so by making all existing records about them available to the inspectors, give them uninhibited access to all the nuclear facilities they wish to check and arrange meetings with any nuclear scientist they wish to interview. The government is urged to take great care not to bungle this time, as it did when it reported the uranium enrichment in June this year as required under the additional protocol to the nuclear safeguard agreement. It could have avoided the brouhaha if it had unveiled at the time all the facts about the experiments, not only to the IAEA but also to the news media. 2004.09.16 ***************************************************************** 7 Korea: Digital Chosunilbo: Diplomats: "6-way Talks Unlikely to Be Held This Month" Updated Sep.15,2004 14:25 KST A proposed round of six-way talks aimed at resolving North Korea's nuclear ambitions is unlikely to take place before the end of this month as planned. That's the growing consensus among analysts and foreign diplomats. After a four-day trip to the North this week Britain's Foreign Office minister said he expects Pyongyang to wait out the U.S. presidential election in November so as to cut a deal with the winner over its nuclear weapons program. The six-way talks over North Korea's nuclear ambitions are unlikely to be held by the end of this month as agreed in June. This is according to British junior Foreign Minister Bill Rammell in Beijing before leaving for North Korea. "I've certainly very strongly urged the North to do it according to the agreed time schedule which is before September. But they didn't, in normal discussions, give commitment to do that," said Rammell. Rammell is among other western diplomats who were invited by the North to visit the site of a huge explosion last week that Pyongyang claims was caused by efforts to make a hydroelectric power plant. Also China, for the first time, officially said the 6-way talks have become unlikely to be held this month due to lack of time in making necessary preparations. Since the last meeting in June, North Korea has been stepping up its criticism of "hostile U.S. policies" against the North. Pyongyang has been seeking one-on-one talks with Washington but the U.S. has insisted on a 6-way framework comprising the two Koreas, the U.S., China, Japan and Russia. Arirang TV ***************************************************************** 8 Korea: Digital Chosunilbo: British Official: Pyongyang Unwilling to Set Date for Updated Sep.15,2004 08:43 KST British Foreign Office minister Bill Rammell, left, shakes hands with North Korean Foreign Minister Paek Nam-sun/AP A British diplomat returning from North Korea says it remains unclear whether there will be a fourth round of nuclear disarmament talks this month. However, the official said Pyongyang remains committed to the negotiations process. British Foreign Office Minister Bill Rammell says North Korean leaders indicated they are committed to resolving the nuclear crisis through six-way negotiations. But, he says, they did not tell him if they would make good on their earlier agreement to return to multiparty negotiations by the end of this month. "At the end of the discussions, what was clear to me was that the North Koreans were saying they were still committed to the six-party talks process but weren't prepared to commit to a date," says Mr. Rammell. "I simply said to them, 'you have got to come back to the table.'" Mr. Rammell spoke to reporters in Beijing on his way home to London after a visit to Pyongyang. A number of diplomats from the United States, China, Japan and South Korea have been in consultations over the past few days, trying to get the talks going. A fourth round of negotiations, which also include Russia, was tentatively planned for next week. The talks are meant to persuade Pyongyang to abandon efforts to build nuclear weapons. Mr. Rammell says North Korean officials did not give him a clear reason for why they are hesitant to return to the talks. "They claim that since the last round of the six party talks, there have been adverse developments," he says. "I have to say their reasoning I did not find convincing and different people gave me different reasons as to why they were not coming back to the table." Mr. Rammell says one obstacle presented by the North Koreans is a recent revelation that South Korean scientists secretly conducted uranium and plutonium experiments - a disclosure that prompted North Korea last week to threaten an arms race. The British official says he called on Pyongyang officials not use that as an excuse to stay away from negotiations. Some analysts also have speculated that North Korea may be waiting for the outcome of the November presidential elections in the United States before deciding how to proceed. The British diplomat's visit to Pyongyang came amid continuing concerns over the cause of a large explosion in a remote part of North Korea. Pyongyang officials have said the blast was part of a hydro-electric dam project. North Korea has offered to let Britain's ambassador and other diplomats in Pyongyang inspect the location. British officials say they are making preparations for the trip to the area. VOA News ***************************************************************** 9 JoongAng Daily: IAEA coming to search for lost uranium 2004.09.15 An international nuclear inspector team coming to South Korea next week will be trying to discover what happened to 12.5 kilograms (27 pounds) of purified uranium, which the South Korean government cannot account for. The International Atomic Energy Agency, the UN nuclear watchdog based in Vienna, has reported that South Korean nuclear researchers in 1982 produced 150 kilograms of refined uranium metal. From that amount, 3.5 kilograms were used up to produce 0.2 grams of enriched uranium in an experiment in 2000. South Korean inventories show 134 kilograms of the metal remain in government facilities. The whereabouts of the rest, 12.5 kilograms of uranium metal, is a mystery. Seoul maintains its nuclear experiments in the early 1980s and 2000 were not authorized by the government and were isolated cases that were for academic purposes. The Foreign Ministry announced yesterday that five or six IAEA officials will visit Korea starting Sunday and tour the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute in Daejeon and a research plant in northern Seoul. A senior government official said, "This is not additional inspection but a supplementary inspection." The official made a distinction between additional and supplementary, saying he expected there to be no further revelations of South Korean breaches of international agreements. by Choi Jie-ho jieho@joongang.co.kr> ***************************************************************** 10 Korea: Digital Chosunilbo: IAEA to Write Report on South Korean Nuclear Experiments Updated Sep.15,2004 19:06 KST It has been noted that the secretary-general of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) will issue a worried and critical report on uranium and plutonium tests that Korea had conducted since the 1980s. Diplomatic sources of the IAEA said Tuesday that IAEA Secretary-General Mohamed ElBaradei would express his concern over Korea¡¯s uranium separation tests before the closing of the directors¡¯ meeting for the third quarter. The meeting opened Monday and will run through Friday with 35 director countries participating. Unlike a resolution, the report has no binding authority. But it is expected that the report will be used to criticize the Korean government, which has been lax in managing its nuclear programs. In the secretary-general¡¯s report, the director countries will express concern over a series of nuclear tests conducted in Korea and will urge Korea to fully reveal its nuclear tests. At the opening of the meeting on Monday, Secretary-General ElBaradei already expressed his ¡°serious concern¡± over Korea¡¯s failure to report its uranium separation test. (englishnews@chosun.com ) ***************************************************************** 11 BBC: Mystery over N Korea cloud Last Updated: Wednesday, 15 September, 2004 [Images pictured on Sept. 26, 2000, left, and on Sept. 15, 2004 ] Satellite images from before (l) and after (r) the blast show little change The cause of a massive cloud which appeared over North Korea last week remains shrouded in mystery. North Korea says controlled explosions related to dam building caused the cloud, which South Korean observers described as mushroom shaped. But a South Korean satellite which photographed the area on Wednesday provided inconclusive evidence. And South Korea's National Intelligence Service said the cloud may in fact have been a natural formation. "There might have been a blast to build a hydroelectric power dam... or there might have been natural clouds with a peculiar (mushroom-like) shape," the agency was quoted as reporting. The confusion may be resolved on Thursday, when Britain's ambassador in Pyongyang, David Slinn, and a group of other foreign diplomats are due to visit the site and seek further information. The cloud, which appeared near Yongjo-ri in Yanggang Province, initially triggered fears North Korea had risked the wrath of the international community by testing a nuclear device. The US and South Korea have since discounted that possibility. US Secretary of State Colin Powell said North Korea's explanation for the blast squared with the information Washington had gathered. "The information they gave is consistent with what we saw, that it might have been demolition work for a hydroelectric facility," Mr Powell told Reuters news agency on Tuesday. ***************************************************************** 12 Korea: Digital Chosunilbo: IAEA to Send Second Team of Inspectors to South Korea Updated Sep.15,2004 14:21 KST The International Atomic Energy Agency says it plans to send an additional team of inspectors to South Korea. The focus of the inspection is expected to be on solving unanswered questions from a previous investigation conducted earlier this month. IAEA inspectors are also likely to investigate fresh revelations that South Korea produced natural uranium metal in 1982 in three undeclared facilities. The International Atomic Energy Agency says it will send an inspection team to South Korea to further investigate the country's controversial nuclear experiments. This would be the second team to visit Korea since the country recently revealed ambitious scientists had conducted unsanctioned tests to extract plutonium and separate uranium in 1982 and 2000. Earlier this month, a seven-member inspection team had completed a week-long investigation on the facilities in question. IAEA inspectors are slated to arrive here on Saturday to revisit research institutes and facilities where the two experiments were carried out. The inspection team is expected to interview those who were involved in the experiments, collect more nuclear waste samples, and investigate related government officials. An IAEA official said the additional mission is an extension of the previous one adding the nuclear inspectors could conduct a few more investigations until the board reconvenes in November. That's when the IAEA's board of governors meets again to decide what kind of decisions they will reach on South Korea based on a full written report. Seoul has maintained that these nuclear activities were isolated, unauthorized and carried out for academical purposes. The government has also pledged to fully cooperate with the IAEA to demonstrate its commitment to the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Arirang TV ***************************************************************** 13 Bangornews.com: Fear & Nukes in North Korea Wednesday, September 15, 2004 President Bush and his Democratic rival John Kerry seem to be competing for who can scare American voters the most about possible North Korean nuclear weapons. Mr. Bush listed the country with Iraq and Iran as members of an "axis of evil" and thus as potential targets for pre-emptive attack under his preventive war doctrine. Mr. Kerry, in a recent political blast, accused the president of letting a "nuclear nightmare" develop, although he differed from the president in advocating a return to direct one-to-one negotiations, which the Bush administration abandoned when it took office. Two developments have suddenly injected North Korea's nuclear program into the American presidential race. First came a series of intelligence reports suggesting to some experts that North Korea was preparing to conduct its first test explosion of a nuclear weapon. Then came a huge explosion near North Korea's border with China and initial reports of a "mushroom cloud," the signature sign of a nuclear explosion. But Pyongyang has now said it was a deliberate detonation to demolish a mountain as part of a plan for construction of a hydroelectric dam and has offered to permit foreign envoys to inspect the scene. U.S., British and South Korean officials seem to have accepted that explanation. But North Korea's nuclear program remains a hot U.S. election issue. One of the cooler heads among the American specialists on North Korea has just finished an analysis that explains North Korea's motivations and offers hope for a peaceful solution that either President Bush or a President Kerry can pursue if they can shake off the scare tactics of the hawks in both parties. Selig S. Harrison, a Washington-based scholar who recently returned from North Korea, has been writing the analysis at his summer home on Islesford for presentation at a conference at Lake Como, Italy. Based on his many discussions with North Korean leaders, Mr. Harrison concludes that North Korea is developing nuclear weapons not for leverage against its neighbors or to reduce the need for costly conventional weapons but because of fear and insecurity. He quotes former defense secretary William Perry as saying that North Korea seeks to deter the United States from attacking: "We do not think of ourselves as a threat to North Korea, but I fully believe that they consider us a threat to them." Mr. Harrison says that North Korea began serious efforts to develop nuclear weapons and long-range missiles as a direct response to the 30-year U.S. deployment of tactical nuclear weapons in South Korea. Negotiations now are stalled over a Bush administration accusation that North Korea has begun secret work on an enriched-uranium bomb in addition to its acknowledged development of a plutonium-based weapon. The U.S. position is that North Korea must first admit that it has been conducting the alleged secret project. Mr. Harrison says that North Korea may be using low-enriched uranium for power production and that producing high-enriched, weapons-grade uranium is far more difficult and expensive. The administration has yet to provide supporting evidence about the uranium charge to Congress or to allies in Seoul, Tokyo, Beijing or Moscow, he adds, concluding that he believes the administration exploited limited intelligence to head off Japanese and South Korean overtures to North Korea. Mr. Harrison advocates deferring the uranium issue and focusing on the plutonium issue until greater trust has been developed though step-by-step mutual concessions. ©2004 Bangor Daily News. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 14 Guardian Unlimited: North Korea Looks to Delay Nuclear Talks From the Associated Press [UP] Wednesday September 15, 2004 7:31 AM By BARRY SCHWEID AP Diplomatic Writer WASHINGTON (AP) - North Korea is looking for an extended delay in resuming negotiations over its nuclear weapons program and even told China there was no point in continuing the six-sided talks at all, a senior U.S. official says. The talks, which recessed in late June, had been expected to be resumed by the end of September. Hoping to persuade North Korea to halt its program, the Bush administration was willing to offer written assurance that it had no plans to attack, while Japan and South Korea were expected to lay out economic incentives they would offer. But North Korea has sought one-on-one talks with the United States and has decided to wait until at least after the Nov. 2 presidential elections to start talking again, the U.S. official said Tuesday. Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry favors direct talks with North Korea about its nuclear program. President Bush has pursued six-party talks involving North Korea's nearest neighbors - China, South Korea, Japan and Russia - as well as the United States to confront North Korea with the aim of halting its development of nuclear weapons. China already has concluded that negotiations would not resume this month as planned, said the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity. The Bush administration is inclined to expect a delay until after the election. In Moscow, the Russian delegation's leader, Deputy Foreign Minister Alexander Alekseyev, was quoted as telling the Interfax news agency the next round of six-nation talks would not be held this month. ``The Russian side unambiguously believes that it would be correct to hold this round at the end of September, as was decided during the third round in Beijing. But for a series of reasons, it can't be done,'' Alekseyev said. Kerry, meanwhile, has accused the Bush administration of letting a ``nuclear nightmare'' develop by refusing to deal with North Korea when it first took office in 2001. ``North Korea's nuclear program is well ahead of what Saddam Hussein was even suspected of doing; yet the president took his eye off the ball, wrongly ignoring this growing danger,'' Kerry said in a statement. U.S. analysts are convinced North Korea is at the brink of making several nuclear weapons. Negotiations became even more urgent with a North Korean blast last week that produced a mushroom cloud near the Chinese border. The U.S. official characterized as dubious North Korea's explanation that the blast was the demolition of a mountain for a hydroelectric project. For one thing, the blast does not appear to have had the magnitude to demolish a mountain, the official said. At the same time, he said, the Bush administration has not yet figured out what happened. China would be the best source of information outside Pyongyang, but so far Chinese officials have not given the Bush administration any evaluation they may have made, the official said. A State Department spokesman, Adam Ereli, said only that ``it will be an issue we will continue to look at closely.'' South Korean officials said Tuesday they were trying to verify North Korea's claim that the explosion involved a civilian project. Meanwhile, even though North Korea has told China it did not plan to resume six-party talks this month, North Korean leader Kim Jong Il told British diplomat Bill Rammell something different, the official said: that North Korea remained committed to resuming talks as planned. State Department spokesman Richard Boucher said, ``People are looking at the calendar and drawing the conclusion that the North Koreans may not fulfill the promise and commitment they made at the last round of talks to have these talks in September.'' ``At this point, I don't think there is any clear indication from the North Koreans what their intentions are and what their reasons might be,'' Boucher said. ``It's too early to draw a conclusion on this, but it does appear that the North Koreans have been stalling,'' he said. Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2004 ***************************************************************** 15 Xinhuanet: IAEA to send second inspection team to South Korea www.xinhuanet.com www.chinaview.cn 2004-09-15 20:55:00 SEOUL, Sept. 15 (Xinhuanet) -- A five-member inspection team of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) will arrive here Sunday for a six-day investigation over South Korea's nuclear material experiments, Yonhap News Agency reported on Wednesday. The IAEA team will inspect facilities in the state-run (South) Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute in Daejeon city and its research center in northern Seoul. IAEA officials stayed in South Korea from Aug. 29 to Sept. 5 toprobe into two experiments conducted by South Korean scientists many years ago. Seoul admitted earlier this month that several scientists extracted small amount of plutonium in 1982 and separated 0.2 gramof uranium in 2000. Tests on plutonium and enriched uranium are strictly monitored by the UN nuclear watchdog as they are two key ingredients of nuclear weapons. IAEA Chief Mohamed ElBaradei said Monday that South Korea produced 153 kilograms of uranium metal in 1982 at one of three nuclear facilities undeclared to the watchdog. He also expressed "serious concern" over the experiments. South Korea is reportedly storing 134 kilograms of uranium metal in Daejeon, 164 km south of Seoul, after using some 3.4 kilograms for the 2000 experiments. That means 15.6 kilograms of uranium metal remain unaccounted for. Yonhap quoted analysts as saying that the second IAEA inspection team's main target is the 15.6-kg uranium metal. Seoul claimed that it produced the uranium metal as part of efforts to localize nuclear fuel amid skyrocketing international prices of natural uranium then. The nuclear power generation accounts for some 45 percent of the country's total energy resources. "It was nothing more than pure research work," Cho Chung-won, director-general of the Science and Technology Ministry was quotedby Yonhap as saying. "We extracted 800 kilograms of natural uranium from phosphoric ore, and used most of them as nuclear fuel for the Wolsong nuclear power plant." "We produced uranium metal by transforming the remnants," he added. "Some 15 kilograms of uranium metal were lost in the courseof experiments. The failure to report the work to the IAEA was just a mistake." Seoul repeatedly claimed that those experiments were conducted by some scientists for academic purposes, and that the government was not aware of them in advance. The IAEA chief planned to report the results of the inspections to a meeting of the agency's board of directors in November. Enditem¡¡ Copyright ©2003 Xinhua News Agency. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 16 Korea Times: IAEA Inspection to Focus on Unreported Uranium Hankooki.com > The Korea Times By Park Song-wu Staff Reporter The five-member inspection team from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), who will arrive in Seoul on Sunday for additional investigations into South Korea's nuclear experiments, will focus on the 150 kilograms of uranium metal produced in the early 1980s at three facilities that had not been declared to the nuclear watchdog, according to sources here. Staying here until Sept. 26, the inspectors are expected to interview scientists involved, take environmental samples and visit the nuclear research facilities in Seoul and Taejon where the two controversial experiments took place in 1982 and 2000, officials said. During their first visit early this month, the IAEA inspectors didn't meet Korean scientists. The second visit in two weeks by the United Nations nuclear watchdog has the Seoul government puzzled over what further explanations it can provide, but Rep. Cho Seong-tae of the ruling Uri Party said it is a good chance for the country to clear everything up. ``We haven't tried to develop nuclear weapons and didn't try to test fissile materials with the aim of making a bomb,'' Cho, former Defense Minister, told The Korea Times. ``I think this is the country's chance to make everything clearer and prevent this kind of event from happening again.'' Foreign Affairs-Trade Minister Ban Ki-moon plans to reaffirm Seoul's commitment to a nuclear-free peninsula during his keynote speech at the U.N. General Assembly on Sep. 24, but many foreign critics are still suspicious. Magnifying suspicions, IAEA chief Mohamed ElBaradei said Monday that South Korea produced 150 kilograms of uranium metal in the early 1980s. ``It's unfortunate that our scientists have caused this suspicion,'' Cho said. ``If these kind of doubts linger, we will face restrictions in using nuclear energy even for peaceful purposes (including electricity generation).'' He said South Korea has kept to its nuclear-free policy in a transparent manner. U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell also said during an interview with Reuters on Tuesday that those experiments by South Korean scientists do not suggest that Seoul has ``an interest in a nuclear weapons development program.'' ``So let the IAEA consider this and make a judgment as to whether that should be the end of it, or to close the case down entirely and refer it to the Security Council as just an informational matter,'' Powell said. The first IAEA team conducted inspection in South Korea from Aug. 29 to Sept. 4 to look into the experiments that led to the production of tiny amounts of plutonium and enriched uranium, the two main types of fissile material used in nuclear weapons. Some critics in Seoul say that the IAEA wants to clean up their reputation by proving their impeccable inspection skills, which were severely criticized when they tried and failed to find nuclear materials in Iraq. im@koreatimes.co.kr 09-15-2004 16:09 ***************************************************************** 17 Korea Times: Summits Bring Political Honeymoon Hankooki.com > The Korea Times > Nation Following is the first in a three-part series of articles on relations between Korea and Russia since the setup of diplomatic relations 40 years ago. Dr. Lankov contributed the article on the occasion of President Roh Moo-hyun's visit to Russia starting Sept. 20 - ED. By Andrei Lankov In September 1990 the foreign ministers of the Soviet Union and the Republic of Korea signed a declaration of mutual recognition. Formal diplomatic relations between the two countries, absent from 1948, were finally restored. President Roh Moo-hyun, left, shakes hands with Russian President Vladimir Putin during a meeting on the sidelines of the APEC summit in Bangkok last October. The September declaration was signed amid high expectations and euphoria. The ¡®South Korean boom¡¯ in the USSR and the ¡®Soviet boom¡¯ in the Republic of Korea occurred in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Being deprived of normal contacts for so long, the two countries were discovering one another with great and sometimes misplaced enthusiasm. This enthusiasm was principally, but not exclusively, focused on economic matters. The prospects for economic cooperation between the two countries looked brilliant. In the late 1980s, the Soviet Union was the world¡¯s third largest economy. It also possessed huge deposits of mineral resources. The Soviet market for Korean consumer goods had, as everybody believed, enormous potential, especially because the acute shortage of consumer goods in the USSR was a well-known fact. South Korean businesses rushed to Russia. In September 1989 alone, all top four Korean conglomerates _ Hyundai, Samsung, Daewoo, and LG _ opened their offices in Moscow. They were followed by lesser companies and swarms of small businessmen looking for money and adventure in the newly opened Russia. They found their counterparts among similarly enthusiastic _ and even less experienced _ wannabe businesspeople from Russia who, in a happy coincidence, had discovered Korea around the same time. As subsequent events demonstrated, there was a great deal of truth in the initial optimism. But the aspiring businessmen of 1990 or 1991 lacked local knowledge and had a poor understanding of how the other side¡¯s economy actually functioned. They compensated for this with unbeatable enthusiasm and energy. Sometimes it helped. In merely three years, trade between the two countries doubled: from $600 million in 1989 to $1,202 million in 1992. Soon after establishment of diplomatic relations, the ROK gave Russia a large amount of credit, it was initially expected to reach $3 billion (though less than half of this amount was actually provided). The collapse of the USSR in December 1991 dealt a major blow to the euphoria of the initial period. Few people expected the Communist superpower to disappear that soon, and most of those who did still underestimated the difficulties that lay ahead for the post-Communist economy of Russia. This led to the collapse of many business plans that had been formulated in the late 1980s with the Soviet realities in mind. The volume of trade between the two countries dropped from $1,202 million in 1991 to $759 million in 1992. Experts began to talk about the ``burst of the Soviet bubble,¡¯¡¯ and many business enthusiasts from both countries switched their adventurous energy to China. However, the pessimists were eventually proven wrong. After the initial disappointments, it became clear that success would come to the companies with the persistence (and resources) to maintain their presence in a new market for a concerted period of time. Despite all the economic uncertainties, the early 1990s was a political honeymoon between the two countries. In November 1992, President Yeltsin came to Seoul as the president of the newly established Russian Federation. It was one of his first overseas trips in this capacity, and this demonstrated both the actual and symbolic importance of a successful, capitalist and democratic South Korea to the Russian reformers. Among other things, Yeltsin expressed his regret over the tragic incident of 1983 when a Korean passenger jet was shot down by a Soviet pilot. In total, there have been four summits in Moscow and Seoul from 1992-2004. Kim Young Sam visited Moscow in 1994, and Kim Dae Jung followed in 1999. Two Russian presidents have also been to Seoul: Boris Yeltsin in 1992 and Vladimir Putin in 2001. In other words, after 1988 each Korean and Russian chief executive has visited his counterpart. The chief executives of both states have also frequently met during international forums in third countries. However, honeymoons do not last forever. Moscow and Seoul¡¯s honeymoon period was over around 1995, but did not give way to apathy or crisis. Relations simply moved away from the unrealistic hopes of the earlier era, and became more stable and, in the long run, better founded. Aside from economic problems, the changes were driven by the new political situation. Post-Communist Russia, in spite of its still formidable military, economic and technological potential, was a superpower no more. One of the reasons for Seoul¡¯s earlier enthusiasm for better relations with Moscow was the hope that Russia¡¯s supposed leverage over the North could be used to influence Pyongyang or mediate between the two Koreas. However, after the nearly total breakdown of relations between Moscow and Pyongyang in 1991, these expectations were left floundering. By the mid-1990s, the Russian public, increasingly unhappy about the results of market reforms, started to question the policy of an unconditional alliance with the West _ the cornerstone of Moscow¡¯s diplomacy in the first years of Yeltsin¡¯s presidency. Bowing to domestic public opinion, the Russian government began to distance itself from the US-led West, to which the ROK clearly belongs. North Korea, long ignored by Moscow, regained some importance in its diplomatic strategy and concepts of a ``balanced approach¡¯¡¯ (that is, dealing with Pyongyang and Seoul impartially), gaining some currency in Moscow. Objectively, such an approach was also beneficial to South Korean interests as well _ as was demonstrated by Russia¡¯s participation in the six-party talks on the North Korean nuclear issue. The worst crisis to strike relations between two countries probably came in 1997. In July, a prominent Russian official was caught by police in Moscow handing classified papers to a Korean diplomat. Naturally, the Korean diplomat (believed to be an employee of the National Intelligence Service) was expelled from Russia, and Seoul reciprocated by ousting a Russian diplomat, also said to have been an undercover intelligence operative. Fortunately, the ``spy scandal¡¯¡¯ did not have lasting consequences for relations, since both sides treated it in a rational and cool, if somewhat cynical, manner. Indeed, such things happen: states have spied on each other since time immemorial. If anything, the speedy recovery of relations demonstrated just how sound a foundation they had. Scope of Bilateral Economic Exchange Widens Meanwhile, economic cooperation kept growing. After 1993, trade between the two countries increased steadily, reaching 3,260 million in 1995. Then it suffered a temporary reverse when nearly simultaneous economic crises hit both countries in 1997-1998. By 2003, the trade volume had exceeded 4.1 billion dollars (Korean exports to Russia were $1,659 million, and imports from Russia $2,522 million). Russia is now Korea¡¯s 18th largest trade partner. A fair promoting Samsung Electronics gets underway in Moscow. / Courtesy of Samsung As was expected when diplomatic relations were first established, Russian exports to Korea largely consist of raw materials. In 2003, the major items were steel and iron (including scrap iron), nickel, aluminium, coal, and oil. These items account for more than half of the total Russian exports to Korea. This creates a paradox: for the last few years Korean imports from Russia have consistently exceeded Korean exports to that country, but the Russian economic presence in Korea is almost unnoticed to a lay person while the Korean presence in Russia is highly visible. The Russian businesses in Korea are selling raw materials and their activities here are known only to a handful of specialized businessmen and experts. Korean companies in Russia, dealing largely with consumer goods, are waging large-scale advertisement campaigns and have become highly visible on huge billboards in downtown Moscow and Petersburg. Korean exports to Russia include home electronics of all kinds, computers, communication devices, plastics, garments and, of course, cars. A South Korean car is now a familiar sight on the roads of virtually any Russian city. During the first six months of 2004, Russian consumers bought 150,000 new foreign cars, and 22 percent of this total came from the makers Hyundai and Daewoo. Within the last two years, Hyundai has tripled its sales in Russia and became the second most popular brand on the Russian automotive market. An increasing number of Korean cars are assembled locally in Russia and in other post-Soviet republics. Currently about a thousand Korean companies are permanently present on the Russian market, but most of the trade is conducted by a handful of large conglomerates. LG, Samsung, Hyundai, and few others of their ilk control over 70 percent of all exchange with Russia. This is understandable: these large companies are major buyers of the metal, oil and coal that form the bulk of Russian exports to Korea. They are also the major producers of the consumer electronics and cars that feature so prominently in Korean exports to Russia. But there is another dimension to the economic relations of the two countries beyond traded goods. Politics have transformed South Korea into a virtual island. Since the division of 1945-1948, all traffic from and to this country has had to be by air or sea. In recent years, the suggestion that North Korea will sooner or later open its borders for the South Korean cargo transit has gained momentum. This will make possible large-scale transportation projects, necessarily involving Russia. By far the most important (and most widely discussed) is the construction of a Trans-Korean Railroad and its connection with the Trans-Siberian Railroad. According to more sanguine estimates, it will cost some $900 to send a 20-foot container from the Russian border station of Khasan to Hamburg. The transportation of the same container from Pusan to Hamburg by sea now costs $1,350: a significant $400 (or 30 percent) difference per container. Even if these estimates are excessively optimistic, there is little reason to doubt that the land route would save both time and money for Korean companies trading with Europe. And, of course, there is a multitude of pipeline projects, largely to do with natural gas. Russia possesses about 30 percent of the world¡¯s known gas deposits, and many of its rich gas fields are located in Eastern Siberia, not far from Korea. The potential is great, but investment is necessary, so the numerous competing pipeline projects have now become the center of complicated diplomatic and financial combinations _ somewhat akin to the struggles that surrounded the great railway construction projects about a century ago. However, relations between the two countries are not only about shrewd political maneuvering, trade and investment. They also involve communication between the peoples. Over the 15 years that have passed since the establishment of relations, Russians and Koreans have opened up to one another. But this should be a topic of another article. 09-15-2004 19:40 ***************************************************************** 18 Korea Times: Lingering Nuclear Suspicion Hankooki.com > The Korea Times > Opinion Government Should Convince Local Audience First The suspicion surrounding local scientists' nuclear experiments is deepening both at home and abroad. In his first public comments since the International Atomic Energy Agency launched investigations, Director General Mohamed ElBaradei expressed ``serious concern'' about Seoul's failure to report these tests as required. The U.N. watchdog will also send an additional inspection team on Saturday. Still officials here say they have done ``nothing seriously wrong.'' Most Koreans feel utterly confused between the two widely differing allegations. For many who had expected little more than a light reprimand at the ongoing IAEA assembly in Vienna, the revelation of unknown facts is not just disappointing but quite embarrassing. Foreign reports summed up the international agency's doubts as a six-point query, including the production of 150 kilograms of uranium metal, part of which was used in nuclear enrichment experiments later. The IAEA's investigation focuses on whether the South Korean government omitted its report knowingly or not. Some foreign media even seem to suspect Seoul that has been behind these nuclear efforts. Still, the government officials' responses can hardly sound understandable. Minister of Science and Technology Oh Myung said he found no problem with the latest IAEA report on uranium metal. ``It was done 20 years ago. The facilities have all been dismantled,'' Oh told reporters. A Foreign Ministry official described ElBaradei's expression of concern as a ``cliche.'' In brief, the Korean officials are saying what looked like new facts were all contained in their confidential report to the IAEA, but the agency disclosed them in detail beyond necessity. Seoul has maintained the position it has opened all sites and hidden nothing intentionally, while admitting some mistakes out of either ignorance or negligence and ascribing most of the controversy to the secretive nature of nuclear dialogue. We hope it is right. But there still seems to be too wide a gap, not only between the facts presented by both sides but also in the ways they interpret the facts to believe so. As the government has kept denying something only to acknowledge it later upon the revelation by the foreign media or the IAEA, many Koreans suspect it is hiding something. The as-I-am-clean-nothing-will-matter attitude does not work. Seoul should drop the piecemeal approach and lay bare the truth once and for all. It first ought to convince its own people, who have the right to know. After accepting the blame for its violations, the government should be able to refute the misunderstandings or exaggerations on the part of IAEA, if there were any. If Korea had no intention or capacity to make nuclear weapons, the government only has to prove it. Nothing would be more foolish than to inflict damage upon national interest and reputation due to small mistakes or misunderstandings. 09-15-2004 18:36 ***************************************************************** 19 Korea Times: Moscow, Seoul Enjoy Peaceful Dividends in New Relations Hankooki.com > The Korea Times > Nation This is the second in a series of articles on the upcoming summit between President Roh Moo-hyun and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin. - ED. By Vitaly Ignatenko Hardly any other country has been developing relations with Russia so dynamically in the past years as the Republic of Korea. History created conditions for the restoration of ties between Moscow and Seoul after a decade-long break. Now, one can only wonder how it all happened and why the relations between neighbors that have displayed mutual interest in each other for centuries were interrupted for such a long time. This historic background allows me, as a direct participant in the restoration of diplomatic relations and as the chairman of the Society of Russian-Korean friendship, to state with pleasure that current relations are a ``love match.'' The Russians treasure such Korean traits such as their industriousness, enterprising nature, exactingness and firmness of purpose. Therefore, our people get on so easily and such people's diplomacy has helped professional diplomats considerably in erecting the modern building of Russian-Korean cooperation from solid and reliable constructions. I believe it is important to recollect all that as we are readying for a visit from President Roh Moo-hyun to Russia. The current level of dialogue became possible due to radical changes in the policy of our countries. Reforms and democratic transformations in Russia were developing simultaneously with the processes that took place in the south of the Korean peninsula. In 1988, millions of Russians could watch live coverage of the Seoul Olympics. Naturally, they noticed not only splendid sport facilities, but also a beautiful, modern city with lively quarters along the banks of the Han River. The Cold War separated us, but as the mighty wall of ideological standoff collapsed, we realized we can be partners. I believe it was not occasional that President Roh announced his intention to visit Russia right after taking office. Russian President Vladimir Putin also selected the South Korean itinerary for one of his first foreign visits. I have visited Northeast Asian countries quite a few times on various official and public missions and I have to say I share the opinion that the development of the 21st century will depend considerably on the situation in the region. As the South Korean president noted at his inauguration ceremony, the economy of the region exceeds one-fifth of world production, while the total population of the countries of the area exceeds the population of the European Union. Russia has vast borders on the Pacific coast and is interested in the development and prosperity of Northeast Asia. The processes would have definitely accelerated had the tensions on the Korean peninsula eased. Russia is doing everything it can to make the settlement of the North Korean nuclear problem stable and dynamic. We believe Seoul is worthily assessing Russian efforts. Moscow, in its turn, speaks of coincidence of positions: we agree that despite its complexity, the problem has to be resolved only by peaceful means and with an account of the interests of all countries of the region. That is how we interpret the statements of President Roh and of the government of the Republic of Korea. This balanced approach manifested itself in the proposal immediately made by the South Korean leadership to help eliminate the aftermath of the railway catastrophe in the North. When guns fire, muses are silent, and vice versa. Peace provides considerable dividends for overall development. Diplomacy used to limit its task to protecting peace from war. Now it aims to make peace brighter, richer and more substantial. The peaceful portfolio of orders contains the link-up of Korean railways with the Trans-Siberian to create a single new corridor that will solidly connect Asia and Europe. It will trigger new reciprocal flows of businessmen, engineers, students and numerous ordinary travelers. It will not only bring stability to the Korean peninsula, but will also allow dialogue about ``Eurasia without division lines.'' Our bilateral trade increased by one-third last year, but I believe it is only the beginning. The ``Made in Korea'' trademark is valued in Russia as a very reliable brand. Moscow streets see more and more elegant cars with Korean names, to which Russian motorists are already familiar with. Korean-made mobile handsets, electronic household devices and clothes are in high demand in Russia, while downtown Moscow will soon see the elegant silhouette of a business complex erected by the Lotte Company. The project of supplying Siberian natural gas to South Korea speaks for itself. The business cooperation portfolio also contains joint space research, peaceful atomic power engineering and information and biotechnology projects. And that is only a small part of the list of our joint efforts. Last year, I visited the Republic of Korea on a very moving mission. Together with Korean friends we paid tribute to the navy men of the Varyag cruiser and the Koreets gunboat. The crews of the legendary Russian warships clashed with an overwhelming Japanese fleet in February 1904. Now a monument in the port of Inchon commemorates their exploits. It was a very warm and touching ceremony, which involved officials of both countries, military men, and what is more important, young people who will develop our relations to last for years to come. The upcoming visit of President Roh will allow us to ``synchronize our watches'' along all cooperation guidelines. We trust each other and see a large field of coinciding interests: the fight against international terrorism and proliferation of mass destruction weapons and enhancing the role of the United Nations and such regional forums, including APEC and ASEAN. I am convinced the upcoming Moscow summit will give a new impulse to our cooperation. Not only Russia and the Republic of Korea, but other countries of Asia and the Pacific Rim will profit from it. Diplomats, experts and journalists from all over the world will attentively follow the meeting of our presidents. It so happened that the visit of President Roh coincides with the centennial anniversary of our news agency. ITAR-TASS wires its news in six languages (Russian, English, French, Spanish, German and Arabic) and regularly informs Russia and the world about the lives of our Korean neighbors. For many friends from the Republic of Korea, our headquarters on Tverskoy Boulevard in downtown Moscow is not an alien home. We have accepted high-level Korean delegations and held round-table discussions and news conferences devoted to the possibilities of new times. We hope our Korean partners will actively participate in the first-ever World Congress of news agencies, which ITAR-TASS initiated to convene in Moscow in late September. Vitaly Ignatenko is a director general of the official Russian ITAR-TASS news agency, chairman of the Society of Russian-Korean friendship. 09-15-2004 19:43 ***************************************************************** 20 AFP: Seoul seeks Russian help in restarting N.Korea nuclear talks Homebase"> [http://www.spacewar.com/]  WAR.WIRE
MOSCOW (AFP) Sep 14, 2004 Russian and South Korean diplomats held talks in Moscow on Tuesday focused on efforts to persuade Pyongyang to resume faltering six-way talks about its nuclear weapons program, the foreign ministry said. Russian deputy foreign minister Alexander Alexeyev met with South Korean counterpart Lee Soo-Hyuck, Seoul's top nuclear negotiator. "Both sides agreed to intensify efforts to resume the negotiating process so that all participants can search for a compromise solution," a statement said. The Russian official said he was not certain North Korea would agree to take part in the next round of talks as scheduled this month in Beijing, but he voiced hope that another date could be fixed. "We agreed to pursue consultations in various formats and are counting on the fourth round being held, if not in September, then within a reasonably short time," Alexeyev was quoted as saying by the RIA-Novosti news agency. The trip completes a round of bilateral consultations between South Korea and other members of talks involving the two Koreas, Japan, Russia, China and the United States. North Korea has indicated it may not attend the talks aimed at resolving the two-year-old impasse over its nuclear ambitions. The Stalinist country maintained a tougher stance after South Korea disclosed its own nuclear experiments to enrich uranium four years ago and to extract a small amount of plutonium in the 1980s. Both enriched uranium and plutonium can be used to manufacture atomic bombs, but South Korea said its experiments were purely for academic purposes. A Russian delegation led by Sergei Mironov, the speaker of Russia's Federation Council (upper house of parliament), met Monday with North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il, ITAR-TASS reported. South Korean President Roh Moo-Hyun is to visit Russia next week for talks on curbing North Korea's nuclear weapons drive and trans-Siberian railway links. All rights reserved. © 2004 Agence France-Presse [http://www.afp.com/] . Sections of the information displayed on ***************************************************************** 21 AFP: N.Korea not ready to resume nuclear talks: Russia [http://www.spacewar.com/] [http://www.spacewar.com/] MOSCOW (AFP) Sep 14, 2004 Russia said Tuesday that it did not expect North Korea to agree to resume faltering six-way talks about its nuclear weapons program as scheduled this month. "Russia of course would like to see this round take place at the end of September as agreed at the third round in Beijing. But for many different reasons, this is not working out," Russian deputy foreign minister Alexander Alexeyev said after meeting with South Korean counterpart Lee Soo-Hyuck. "In this situation we should work together and make efforts to ensure that the fourth round is held as soon as possible," he was quoted as saying by the Interfax news agency. Lee, Seoul's top nuclear negotiator, had come to Moscow in a bid to get Russia's help in persuading North Korea to come back to the negotiating table. Moscow's pessimistic statement came as the United States has expressed disappointment with Pyongyang's reluctance to commit to a date for new six-way talks. "We remain ready and anxious to return to the six-party talks and we are disappointed with the reasons the DPRK (North Korea) has given for stalling," James Kelly, the top US envoy on North Korea, said in a statement Tuesday as he ended two days of talks in Beijing. South Korea has been holding a series of bilateral consultations with other members of talks involving the two Koreas, Japan, Russia, China and the United States. North Korea has indicated it may not attend the talks aimed at resolving the two-year-old impasse over its nuclear ambitions. The Stalinist country maintained a tougher stance after South Korea disclosed its own nuclear experiments to enrich uranium four years ago and to extract a small amount of plutonium in the 1980s. Both enriched uranium and plutonium can be used to manufacture atomic bombs, but South Korea said its experiments were purely for academic purposes. A Russian delegation led by Sergei Mironov, the speaker of Russia's Federation Council (upper house of parliament), met Monday with North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il, ITAR-TASS reported. Russia is considered to be one of the countries with closest diplomatic ties to the hermetic regime in North Korea. South Korean President Roh Moo-Hyun is to visit Russia next week for talks on curbing North Korea's nuclear weapons drive and trans-Siberian railway links. All rights reserved. © 2004 [http://www.afp.com/] . Sections of the information displayed on this page (dispatches, photographs, ***************************************************************** 22 [NYTr] Nuking the American Mind Date: Wed, 15 Sep 2004 06:51:55 -0500 (CDT) Via NY Transfer News Collective * All the News that Doesn't Fit The Management School of Restorative Business - Sept 14, 2004 http://www.restorative-business.org Nuking the American Mind On Monday, September 13, 2004 the newsreader on CNNs Today program announced: South Korea's Yonhap news agency is reporting a huge explosion shook North Korea's northernmost province on Thursday [September 9, 2004] producing a mushroom cloud over 4 kilometers (two miles) wide. Two satellite photos of what appeared to be the aerial views of any industrial area accompanied the broadcast. CNNs correspondent in Korea explained that both the South Korean and US government experts believe that the explosion was not cause by a nuclear test (mainly because neither radiation nor significant seismological activity was detected.) Further, it was explained that because of the proximity of the incident area to the Chinese border, it was highly unlikely that the North Koreans would have tested a nuclear device. At the end of the program, however, the newsreader posed the todays question. He asked the viewers to email CNN and express their views on whether the explosion was in fact a nuclear detonation: What do you think, was the explosion a nuclear test or not? The implication was that something was amiss, that the official findings of both the South Korean and US governments concerning the cause of explosion were wrong, for instance, or they weren't telling the truth; but you, the knowledgeable viewer, must know a lot more about nuclear weapons testing and the political circumstances in North Korea that had led to the explosion - despite evidence to the contrary and regardless of the geopolitical implications. CNNs request sounded bizarre mainly because the experts, much to their dismay, had already ruled out a nuclear test. So what did CNN hope to achieve from this trivial exercise? Did they really hope to hear from a renegade nuclear weapons expert who had observed the mushroom cloud, tested the explosion site, concluded that the explosion was in fact a nuclear detonation, was now watching the program, and willing to share top secret information with CNN? Hardly! If CNN didn't realistically expect to receive new expert opinions that contradicted the evidence on the mystery explosion, why, then, they invited their viewers, mainly laypersons, to email their opinion about the highly specialized (and sensitive) subject of nuclear tests in North Korea? Why did CNN insist that its viewers make such a trivial commitment to email the program? CNN has started a multi-prong psychological assault on its viewers. Their news anchors no longer talk about bringing the terrorists to justice; instead they encourage killing a sinister mind manipulation exercise to influence the viewer psychology, since the average viewer in America is not an assassin. In the current milieu of fear, uncertainty and insecurity in America, however, it isn't difficult to convince the public that the act of killing is a necessary requirement of our time [sic.] By repeating and frequently reporting this requirement, the necessity for killing becomes a part of the viewers self-image. Soon the CNN view, however much contorted, becomes the viewers self-image. This is achieved through influencing the viewers fixed-action patterns, or automatic sequences of behavior. The fixed-action patterns can then be activated by a trigger feature turning otherwise normal viewers into just about anything that CNN likes them to be. All CNN has to do then is to, say, apply the terrorist label to anyone, anyplace, anytime. The viewers will carry out the necessary action to deal with the situation in order to maintain self-image consistency. CNN is applying the same self-image consistency technique that the Chinese military used successfully to indoctrinate the American POWs during the Korean war. In Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion Robert B. Cialdini writes: During the Korean war, many captured American soldiers found themselves in the prisoner-of-war (POW) camps run by the Chinese Communists. It became clear early in the conflict that the Chinese treated captives quite differently than did their allies, the North Koreans, who favored savagery and harsh punishment to gain compliance. Specifically avoiding the appearance of brutality, the Red Chinese engaged in what they termed lenient policy, which was in reality a concerted and sophisticated psychological assault on their [American] captives. After the war, American psychologists questioned the returning prisoners intensively to determine what had occurred. The intensive psychological investigation took place, in part, because of the unsettling success of some aspects of the Chinese program. For example, the Chinese were very effective in getting Americans to inform on one another, in striking contrast to the behavior of American POWs in World War II. For this reason, among others, escape plans were quickly uncovered and the escape attempts themselves almost always unsuccessful. Cialdini quotes Dr. Edgar Schein, a principal American investigator of the Chinese indoctrination program in Korea, about the escapes: When an escape did occur, the Chinese usually recovered the man easily by offering a bag of rice to anyone turning him in. Cialdini adds: In fact, nearly all American prisoners in the Chinese camps are said to have collaborated with the enemy in one form or another. How could such thing happen? Surely the American soldiers were trained to provide no information other than their name, rank and serial number. Cialdini says, An examination of the Chinese prison-camp program showed that its personnel relied heavily on commitment and consistency pressures to gain the desired compliance from prisoners. [cf., CNNs captive audience.] So how did the Chinese make their American captives, without physically brutalizing them, to give military information, turn in fellow prisoners, or publicly denounce their country? The answer was quite simple: start small and build. [P]risoners were frequently asked to make statements so mildly anti-American or pro-Communist as to seem inconsequential [. . .] But once these minor requests were complied with, the men found themselves pushed to submit to related yet more substantive requests. This technique is used regularly by many businesses. The salespeople call a variation of this subtle, yet astonishingly powerful, approach the-foot-in-the-door technique. The technique works by asking the subject to make a trivial commitment. Once the subject has made her initial commitment, it is possible to make her comply with larger requests, even if remotely related to her earlier commitment. The psychologists Jonathan Freedman and Scott Fraser, who in mid-1960s became aware of the amazing power of this technique say: What may occur is a change in the persons feeling about getting involved or taking action. Once he has agreed to a request [no matter how small or trivial], his attitude may change, he may become in his own eyes, the kind of person who does this sort of thing, who agrees to requests made by strangers, who takes action on things he believes in, who cooperates with good causes. Cialdini warns: What the Freedman and Fraser findings tell us, then, is to be very careful about agreeing to trivial requests. Such an agreement can not only increase our compliance with very similar, much larger requests, it can also make us more willing to perform a variety of larger favors that are only remotely connected to the little one we did earlier. Its this second, general kind of influence concealed within small commitments that scares me. The technique is used to influence both the future behavior and, more alarmingly, the self-image of the subject. Once you can influence the subjects self-image, she would comply with any and all of your requests that are consistent with her manipulated view of herself. That is how the subjects are indoctrinated. Our best evidence of what people truly feel and believe comes less from their words than from their deeds. Cialdini says. Observers trying to decide what a man is like look closely at his actions. What the Chinese have discovered is that the man himself uses this same evidence to decide what he is like. His behavior tells him about himself; it is a primary source of information about his beliefs and values and attitudes. Understanding fully this important principle of self-perception, the Chinese set about arranging the prison-camp experience so that the captives would consistently ACT in desired ways. Before long the Chinese [read CNN, FOX, BBC] knew, these actions would begin to take their toll, causing the men [also women or children] to change their views of themselves to align with what they had done. Writing was one sort of confirming action that the Chinese urged incessantly upon the men [and CNN urges upon its viewers]. It was never enough for the prisoners to listen quietly or even agree verbally with the Chinese line; they were always pushed to write it down as well. So the next time CNN (or indeed any other organization that is even remotely connected with the mass media) asks you to make a small, trivial commitment such as voting in their polls or emailing them about anything, remember that there is much larger force at work: a small, trivial commitments can turn prisoners into collaborators and viewers into whatever CNN wants you to be! * Search the NYTr Archives at: http://olm.blythe-systems.com/pipermail/nytr/ To subscribe or unsubscribe or change your settings via the web, visit: http://olm.blythe-systems.com/mailman/listinfo/nytr ================================================================= NY Transfer News Collective * A Service of Blythe Systems Since 1985 - Information for the Rest of Us 339 Lafayette St., New York, NY 10012 http://www.blythe.org e-mail: nyt@blythe.org ================================================================= ***************************************************************** 23 [du-list] Washington's secret nuclear war Date: Wed, 15 Sep 2004 14:44:15 -0700 http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/B2E2DF9B-1E0C-43F4-BBF6-074C1367E27C.htm Washington's secret nuclear war By Shaheen Chughtai Tuesday 14 September 2004, 22:17 Makka Time, 19:17 GMT The US has dropped tonnes of depleted uranium on Iraq Illegal weapons of mass destruction have not only been found in Iraq but have been used against Iraqis and have even killed US troops. But Washington and its allies have tried to cover up this outrage because the chief culprit is the US itself, argue American and other experts trying to expose what they say is a war crime. The WMD in question is depleted uranium (DU). A radioactive by-product of uranium enrichment, DU is used to coat ammunition such as tank shells and "bunker busting" missiles because its density makes it ideal for piercing armour. Thousands of DU shells and bombs have been used in Yugoslavia, Afghanistan and - both during the 1990-91 Gulf war and the ongoing conflict - in Iraq. "They're using it in Falluja, Baghdad is chock-a-block with DU - it's all over the place" Major Doug Rokke, ex-head of US army DU project "They're using it now, they're using it in Falluja, Baghdad is chock-a-block with DU - it's all over the place," says Major Doug Rokke, director of the US army's DU project in 1994-95. Scientists say even a tiny particle can have disastrous results once ingested, including various cancers and degenerative diseases, paralysis, birth deformities and death. And as tiny DU particles are blown across the Middle East and beyond like a radioactive poison gas, the long-term implications for the world are deeply disturbing. DU has a "half-life" of 4.5 billion years, meaning it takes that long for just half of its atoms to decay. Sick soldiers Only 467 US soldiers were officially wounded during the 1990-91 Gulf war. But according to Terry Jemison at the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), of the more than 592,560 discharged personnel who served there, at least 179,310 - one third - are receiving disability compensation and over 24,760 cases were pending by in September 2004. A sixth of the Iraq war veterans have already sought treatment This does not include personnel still active and receiving care from the military, or those who have died. And among 168,528 veterans of the current conflict in Iraq who have left active duty, 16% (27,571) had already sought treatment from the VA by July 2004. "That's astronomical," says Rokke, whose team studied how to provide medical care for victims, how to clean contaminated sites, and how to train those using DU weapons. Rokke admits the exact cause for these casualties cannot be confirmed. But he insists the evidence pointing to DU is compelling. "There were no chemical or biological weapons there, no big oil well fires," he says. "So what's left?" Cradle to grave Dr Jenan Ali, a senior Iraqi doctor at Basra hospital's College of Medicine, says her studies show a 100% rise in child leukaemia in the region in the decade after the first Gulf war, with a 242% increase in all types of malignancies. The director of the Afghan DU and Recovery Fund, Dr Daud Miraki, says his field researchers found evidence of DU's effect on civilians in eastern and southeastern Afghanistan in 2003 although local conditions make rigorous statistical analysis difficult. Iraqi and Afghan doctors have seen a rise in deformed foetuses "Many children are born with no eyes, no limbs, or tumours protruding from their mouths and eyes," Miraki told Aljazeera.net. Some newborns are barely recognisable as human, he says. Many do not survive. Afghan and Iraqi children continue to play amid radioactive debris. But the US army will not even label contaminated equipment or sites because doing so would be an admission that DU is hazardous. This "deceitful failure", says Rokke, contradicts the US army's own rules, such as regulation AR 700-48, which stipulates its responsibilities to isolate, label and decontaminate radioactive equipment and sites as well as to render prompt and effective medical care for all exposed individuals. "This is a war crime," Rokke says. "The president is obliged to ensure the army complies with these regulations but they're deliberately violating the law. It's that simple." No remedy But these blatant violations are practically irrelevant because Rokke's Iraq mission found that DU cannot be cleaned up and there is no known medical remedy. US President George Bush and UK Prime Minister Tony Blair used Saddam Hussein's alleged possession of illegal weapons to justify invading Iraq. But several prominent jurists hold Bush and Blair guilty of war crimes for waging DU warfare. The vice-president of the Indian Lawyers Association, Niloufer Bhagwat, sat on an international panel of judges for the unofficial International Criminal Tribunal for Afghanistan. Bhagwat and her fellow judges ruled that the US had used "weapons of extermination of present and future generations, genocidal in properties". Friendly fire And not just against defenceless Afghan civilians. Critics say George Bush (R) and Tony Blair are 'war criminals' "Bush was guilty of knowingly using DU weaponry against his own troops," Bhagwat told Aljazeera.net, "because the president knew the effects of DU could not be controlled". A prominent US international human-rights lawyer, Karen Parker, says there are four rules derived from humanitarian laws and conventions regarding weapons: weapons may only be used against legal enemy military targets and must not have an adverse effect elsewhere (the territorial rule) weapons can only be used for the duration of an armed conflict and must not be used or continue to act afterwards (the temporal rule) weapons may not be unduly inhumane (the "humaneness" rule). The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 speak of "unnecessary suffering" and "superfluous injury" in this regard weapons may not have an unduly negative effect on the natural environment (the "environmental" rule). Illegal weapons "DU weaponry fails all four tests," Parker told Aljazeera.net. First, DU cannot be limited to legal military targets. Second, it cannot be "turned off" when the war is over but keeps killing. Third, DU can kill through painful conditions such as cancers and organ damage and can also cause birth defects such as facial deformities and missing limbs. "Use of DU weaponry violates the grave breach provisions of the Geneva Conventions" Karen Parker, human rights lawyer Lastly, DU cannot be used without unduly damaging the natural environment. "In my view, use of DU weaponry violates the grave breach provisions of the Geneva Conventions," says Parker. "And so its use constitutes a war crime, or crime against humanity." Parker and others took the DU issue before the UN in 1995, and in 1996, the UN Human Rights Commission described DU munitions as weapons of mass destruction that should be banned. Deceit Despite the evidence, Rokke says Pentagon and Energy Department officials have campaigned against him and others trying to expose the horrors of DU. That charge is echoed by Leuren Moret, a geoscientist who has worked at the Lawrence Berkeley and Lawrence Livermore nuclear weapons research laboratories in California. White House denials are part of a long-standing cover-up policy that has been exposed before, she says. President Bush insists warnings about DU are merely propaganda "For example, the US denied using DU bombs and missiles against Yugoslavia in 1999," she told Aljazeera.net. "But scientists in Yugoslavia, Greece and Bulgaria measured elevated levels of gamma radiation in the first three days of grid and carpet bombing by the US." Moret said: "A missile landed in Bulgaria that didn't explode and scientists identified a DU warhead. Then, Lord [George] Robertson, the head of NATO, admitted in public that DU had been used." Even the US army expressed concern about the use of DU in July 1990, some six months before the outbreak of the first Gulf war. Those concerns were later echoed by Iraqi officials. Denial But brushing his own army's report aside - now said to be "outdated" - US President George Bush has dismissed such warnings as "propaganda". "In recent years, the Iraqi regime made false claim that the depleted uranium rounds fired by coalition forces have caused cancers and birth defects in Iraq," says Bush on his White House website. "But scientists working for the World Health Organisation, the UN Environmental Programme and the European Union could find no health effects linked to exposure to depleted uranium," he said. Bush can point to a World Health Organisation (WHO) report in 2001 that said there was no significant risk of inhaling radioactive particles where DU weapons had been used. It said the level of radiation associated with DU debris was not particularly hazardous, but it accepted that high exposure could pose a health risk. Scientific studies WHO also commissioned a scientific study shortly before the 2003 invasion of Iraq that warned of the dangers of US and British use of DU - but refused to publish its findings. The study's main author, Dr Keith Baverstock, told Aljazeera.net that "the report was deliberately suppressed" because WHO was pressed by a more powerful, pro-nuclear UN body - the International Atomic Energy Agency. WHO has rejected his claims as "totally unfounded". "[WHO's] report was deliberately suppressed" Dr Keith Baverstock, co-author of WHO report on DU The study found DU particles were likely to be blown around and inhaled by Iraqi civilians for years to come. Once inside a human body, the radioactive particles can trigger the growth of malignant tumours. Bush's claim that the UN Environmental Programme (UNEP) gives DU pollution a clean bill of health is also disingenuous. UNEP experts have yet to be allowed into Iraq, its spokesman in Geneva Michael Williams told Aljazeera.net, citing security concerns. And a scientific body set up in 1997 by Green EU parliamentarians - the European Committee on Radiation Risk (ECRR) - found that DU posed serious health risks. An eminent Canadian scientist involved with the ECRR, Dr Rosalie Bertell, says the deadliness of DU derived not just from its radioactivity but from the durability of particles formed in the 3000-6000C heat produced when a DU weapon is fired. "The particles produced are like ceramic: not soluble in body fluid, non-biodegradable and highly toxic," she told Aljazeera.net. "They tend to concentrate in the lymph nodes, which is the source of lymphomas and leukaemia". Known killer The US military and political establishment cannot plead ignorance. As early as October 1943, Manhattan Project scientists Arthur Compton, James Connant and Harold Urey sent a memo to their director, General Leslie Groves, saying DU could be used to create a "radioactive gas". DU targets human DNA and may thus affect future generations In 1961, two nuclear experts, Briton HE Huxley and American Geoffrey Zubay, informed the scientific community that DU targeted human DNA and "the Master Code, which controls the expression of DNA", Moret said. In September 2000, Dr Asaf Durakovic, professor of nuclear medicine at Washington's Georgetown University, told a Paris conference of prominent scientists that "tens of thousands" of US and UK troops were dying of DU. Death sentence "There has to be a moratorium on the manufacture, sales, use and storage of DU," geoscientist Moret says, warning that this will not happen unless more Americans realise what is happening. The Middle East has been severely contaminated, warns Moret. "That region is radioactive forever," she says, but worse is yet to come. Moret says the air carrying DU particles takes about a year to mix with the rest of the earth's atmosphere. Radioactive sites continue to kill and contaminate Iraqi children The radiation released by DU nuclear warfare is believed to be more than 10 times the amount dispersed by atmospheric testing. As a result, DU particles have engulfed the world in a radioactive poison gas that promises illness and death for millions. Rokke went to Iraq a fit and healthy soldier, but the major is now beset with a variety of illnesses and each day is a struggle. He suffers from respiratory problems and cataracts while his teeth - weakened by DU radiation - are crumbling. At least 20 of the 100 primary personnel he worked with on the US army's DU project have died. Most of the rest are ill. Meanwhile, WHO says cancer rates worldwide are set to rise by 50% by 2020, although it does not link this publicly to DU. "They would never say that - they offered various strange explanations," said Moret. "But DU is the key factor. People will slowly die." Aljazeera ___________________________________________________________ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun! http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com ------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor --------------------~--> $9.95 domain names from Yahoo!. Register anything. http://us.click.yahoo.com/J8kdrA/y20IAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM --------------------------------------------------------------------~-> To unsubscribe from this groups send a message to du-list-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com. In the body of the message type unsubscribe and send. Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/du-list/ <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: du-list-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com <*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ ***************************************************************** 24 AxisofLogic: U.S. Military: Nuclear Weapons Stealth Takeover By LEUREN MORET Sep 14, 2004, 19:11 5 Admirals, U.C. Regents, Carlyle Group, and Rand "I think some of these folks would put nuclear tips on ice cream cones if they could." U.S. Representative Ellen Tauscher (D-Calif.) on efforts by Bush Administration officials to repeal a research ban on low-yield nuclear weapons. Global Security Newswire ‘Quote of the Day’ May 19, 2003 UC AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS: THE KISS OF DEATH The top-secret Manhattan Project was laid out by Robert Oppenheimer the night Ernest Lawrence took him to the Bohemian Club during WW II. It was a part of California’s brutal rise to economic and political power, described in IMPERIAL SAN FRANCISCO: Urban Power, Earthly Ruin. In 1939, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Niels Bohr had argued that building an atomic bomb "can never be done unless you turn the United States into one huge factory." Years later, he told his colleague Edward Teller, "I told you it couldn’t be done without turning the whole country into a factory. You have done just that." That was after Edward Teller had stuck the knife in Oppenheimer’s back, and pulled his clearance. Teller (also known as ‘Dr. Strangelove’), went on to promote a grandiose US nuclear weapons program for decades at the nuclear weapons labs: Berkeley, Livermore and Los Alamos. The program remained under a no-bid University of California management contract for 61 years. In a stealth takeover by the Carlyle Group, facilitated by 5 Admirals, the management contract will be transferred next year to the University of Texas where the military and the Carlyle Group will have control. A new ‘ramping up’ of the nuclear weapons program is underway, with program funding at the highest level ever - even higher than during the Cold War – extending nuclear weapons into outer space, into the very atmosphere that makes life on earth possible, and with no "real" enemy in site. ESTIMATING THE COLD WAR MORTGAGE In 1995 dollars, according to the Department of Energy (DOE) the US spent approximately 300 billion dollars on nuclear weapons research, production, and testing. Today in the nuclear weapons complex there are 10,500 contaminated sites, 2.3 million acres under DOE ownership, and 120 million square feet of buildings. The 1995 high base cost, estimated by the DOE Environmental Management program, to clean up the environmental legacy is $350 billion. That excludes the Nevada Test Site, Hanford, the Savannah and Clinch rivers, and the Columbia river which are considered to be "national sacrifice zones" because the technology does not exist to clean them up. That was the cost for cleaning up the environment. The damage to the human health not only of Americans, but also to the global population, was predicted by the European Committee on Radiation Risk (ECRR), in a 2003 independent report on low level radiation for the European Parliament, to be 61,600,000 deaths by cancer, 1,600,000 infant deaths, and 1,900,000 foetal deaths. "In addition the ECRR committee predicts a 10% loss of life quality integrated over all diseases and conditions in those who were exposed over the period of global weapons fallout." The cost to the predominantly black community at Hunter’s Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco is much greater. Navy ships brought back to Hunter’s Point shipyard for decontamination by the Navy, after the first atmospheric tests in the Pacific, led to the establishment of the secret Naval Radiological Defense Lab (NRDL) which operated at the shipyard into the 1970’s. Secret experiments exposing animals, plants, soldiers, prisoners, and local residents to radiation were conducted at the NRDL, where 550 civilian scientists worked with 65 Naval officers to study the biological effects of ionizing radiation. The radioactive waste and dead animals from the lab were dumped at the shipyard, filled a back bay, and sunk off the Golden Gate bridge in a battleship and 55 gallon drums, contaminating one of the richest fisheries in the world. The community today has the highest rates of breast cancer in women under 40 in the US, as well as high rates of other radiation related diseases. A former City of San Francisco coroner found that every Hunters Point resident he had done an autopsy on, had cancer no matter what the cause of death. Even worse, the Radiation and Public Health Project (RPHP), while conducting studies on infant mortality and cancer around nuclear power plants, discovered that milk contaminated with radiation has been shipped into black inner city communities – a genocidal plan which explains why blacks have the highest cancer rates, infant mortality, and asmtha (Gotham Gaz.May 2003) in the US, which has been blamed on poverty. The studies using US govt. data on radiation in milk revealed that at the time of Chernobyl the Pennsylvania Milk Board had been selectively shipping radioactive contaminated milk from dairies around the Three Mile Island and Peachbottom reactors into eastern black inner city communities (see Jay Gould, Deadly Deceit: Low Level Radiation, High Level Coverup). In an RPHP study on health improvements by race in San Francisco County, after the shutdown of the Rancho Seco nuclear power plant in 1989, health improved for all ages, diseases and races except for blacks. Black infant mortality also increased after startups and accidents, but unlike improvements for whites and Asians which decreased after the 1989 shutdown, black infant mortality reflected startups and shutdowns at other nuclear power plants in California. UC REGENTS MEETING - MAY 15, 2003: THE POINT MAN One year ago Admiral Linton Brooks, Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) under DOE, informed Lt. Governor Cruz Bustamante and the UC Regents that the management contract for the nuclear weapons labs would be put up for competitive bid for the first time, with the award made in 2005. When a Regent asked if it would be for all the labs or just Los Alamos, he replied that "it would be for Los Alamos". Later another Regent questioned him again, and this time he said "it would be inconceivable for just one lab". He requested a competitive bid from UC, but the Regents were now leery of the politics involved, and Brooks was challenged by a fiery Bustamante. The Lt. Governor demanded to know why UC should waste millions of dollars preparing a bid when the University of Texas was the most favored institution to get the award, and had a member of the University of Texas on the blue ribbon panel making the award decision. Admiral Brooks also informed the Board of Regents that "we’re back in the bomb business" because Los Alamos had just produced the first plutonium "pit" since Rocky Flats closed down. He indicated that they would be making "mini-nukes" only, and nuclear weapons testing would start at the Nevada Test Site in 2005. An hour later, and 45 miles away, he announced to Livermore employees that "we’re back in the bomb business" and they would be making big ones, little ones, and more. By this time it seemed to me that Admiral Brooks was a slippery character and I began to wonder why an Admiral was involved. UC REGENTS MEETING - AUGUST 17, 2004: TWO ADMIRALS STAGE "THE SETUP" On August 4, 2004, UC President Dynes, a physicist and consultant to Los Alamos and former Chancellor of UC San Diego, and Gerald Parsky, Chair of the UC Regents, visited Los Alamos and met with employees over recent security and safety lapses repeated at the lab. Parsky told them: "The regents will be left with no choice about the contract competition if we do not feel confident that you understand the importance of security, procedures and safety at the lab. If we feel that you understand this and that steps are being taken to address these issues, the regents will not only endorse competing for this contract – we will compete to win." During three minutes of public comment before the Regents on August 17, I informed them that the lab contract was going to the University of Texas, it was a ‘done deal’. I told them that the management contract change was a chess move the Carlyle Group was making to privatize the nuclear weapons program, and owned 70% of Lockheed Martin Marietta, and that Lockheed a year ago had bought Sandia Labs (they make the trigger for nuclear weapons). When "Carlyle" was mentioned I noticed that the Chair, Gerald Parsky and Vice Chair Richard Blum (married to Senator Diane Feinstein) started shifting around in their chairs. Body language can say a lot. They began a disruptive and loud conversation carried on through the rest of my comments. As a Livermore whistleblower, I commented that the loss of computer discs with classified information and missing keys had happened practically every day for 61 years under sloppy UC management, and that science fraud as well as health and safety violations had been just as bad. [During my week of security briefing at Livermore in 1989 we were told that a scientist taking classified material home in his briefcase did not notice it had fallen off the back of his bike. A merchant found the battered briefcase in an intersection, and several days later a horrified lab security employee found that every page of a lengthy report with "CLASSIFIED" stamped on each page had been taped in the window of the merchant’s shop hoping the owner would claim his lost secret documents.] What was even more egregious I pointed out, was an article in the July 10, 2004, issue of the Daily Mirror about the murder by the Mossad of Robert Maxwell, a British publisher. It revealed that Maxwell, who was the former owner of the Daily Mirror, was a high level Mossad agent, and had sold PROMIS software to Los Alamos with a back door for the Mossad to spy on the lab. In closing, I told the Regents that no matter who got the contract award, "the University of California would forever be known as the University that poisoned the world…" As Admiral George P. Nanos, Director of the Los Alamos lab (appointed Jan. 2003), and Admiral S. Robert Foley Jr., UC vice president for laboratory management (appointed Nov. 2003), sat down at the table where the Regents waited, I began to wonder how many more Admirals were involved and why. It did not take long to find out. Admiral Foley informed the Regents about the missing CREM, computer storage devices with classified data, and acknowledged that the security lapse damaged the university’s chances of retaining its Los Alamos contract. "This erodes your position, without any question at all. It’s about as bad as it could be when you’re trying to prepare for a re-competition". He announced that Jack Killeen had been appointed to the UC Presidents Office as special assistant for Los Alamos security: "Jack’s our guy, he was with Wackenhut and he’s our guy…". Among lab employees Wackenhut was better known for ‘wacking’ lab whistleblowers like Karen Silkwood, attempting to run people like Dr. Rosalie Bertell off the road, and has a well-deserved reputation for being a nasty outfit. President Bush and his brother, Governor Jeb Bush, are known to spend time together hanging out with cronies at the Wackenhut "country club" in Florida. Admiral Nanos continued and complained that employees would not follow the security and safety rules. When Foley chimed in that there were going to be more security incidents and lapses at the lab in the future before they got it straightened out, it began to look like a setup. Regents Blum, Parsky, Connerly and a few more leaned forward and demanded to know how it was possible, and stated it was unacceptable, that there would be more security lapses. Foley should have been fired on the spot for falling down on the job. It was obvious that Nanos and Foley were there to blame the employees, justify the management change, and discourage the Regents from competing for the contract. And justification for "cleaning house" and removing the "old guard" who would stand in the way of a takeover and for what is planned for ramping up the program. An Editorial in the Oakland Tribune the day before remarked that the NNSA was established in 1991 after the Wen Ho Lee scandal, but had failed to address real security lapses since. NNSA is in bed with the lab administrators which it supposedly is overseeing. This had been exactly my experience at Livermore in 1991 when I reported graft, fraud, corruption, contractor overcharges, and health and safety violations on the Yucca Mountain Project and Superfund Project to Richard Berta, the Western Regional Inspector in the DOE Inspector General’s office for the nuclear weapons labs, Site 51, and the Nevada Test Site. After bringing two inspectors to my house and taking my testimony, he reported to Duane Sewell, the "secrets keeper" at the lab, and Bert Hefner, lab PR person. When I called a month later to talk to Berta about the outcome, he said "we found no basis to your allegations… and I got a new office with a view and new oak furniture from Sewell…". My allegations had been reported many times to the FBI by other more senior lab staff… and they were ignored as well. The Editorial concludes: "NNSA failed miserably in its policing responsibilities. It should be reorganized or axed, and Brooks and other top officials should be replaced with more independent, less-compromised leadership." The meeting ended before Dr. Walter Kohn, a physicist representing the UC Faculty opposed to UC management of nuclear weapons labs, was able to speak before the Regents. Regent Sherry Lansing, CEO of Paramount Pictures, stood up and announced in a loud voice "…oh Walter, I want to hear your presentation [at a future meeting]… but I have a plane to catch…", and crossed the room to give him a big kiss. By this time I had decided to investigate the UC Regents and their ties to the defense industry. Later that evening, a friend told me "…they ARE the Carlyle Group…". UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS STUDENTS – The FIAT PAX Website Right after the Regents meeting I contacted a group of students and a Texas State Representative Lon Burnam, opposed to the Univ. of Texas bid for the nuclear weapons management contract. A student told me about FIAT PAX, a website put together by UC Santa Cruz students listing the top 50 University recipients of defense funding for research (see below), and their ties to corporations (see below). The UC Regents with ties to the defense industry were listed with detailed bios. Parsky, the Chair, was the top fundraiser for Bush (after Ken Lay) in both Presidential election bids, and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Vice Chair Blum was tied to the Carlyle Group, invested in URS Corporation (leading contractor with DOD), Korea First Bank [Carlyle is moving into Korea and taking over banks], and sits on the Board of Northwest Airlines. [A FOIA document revealed in 2001 that Northwest was the first airline to collaborate with NASA to install mind-reading technology in US airports to catch "terrorists".] Regent Lansing was a trustee of the RAND Graduate School, a branch of the RAND Corporation which had been involved in war-gaming nuclear wars between the US and the USSR, and acts as a bridge between US universities and the military. I also learned that the Carlyle Group managed large amounts of endowment funds for the University of Texas, and that CALPers, the State of California workers pension fund which is the largest in the nation owns 5.2% of Carlyle. FIAT PAX sums it up: "The University of California’s system wide finances are incredibly entangled with weapons manufacturers. The UC’s retirement plan portfolio is invested in dozens of military-industrial contractors through stock purchases. At least five corporations within the UC retirement portfolio conduct virtually no business other than weapons manufacturing and military subcontracting, these are: General Dynamics with a UC investment of $21,471,120, Northrop Grumman for $16,125,200, Raytheon for $16,818,200, TRW for $8,327,650, and Lockheed Martin for a staggering $33,046,370." "It is through these informal personal, formal institutional, and financial exchanges that universities serve the warfare state and its corporate allies. Personal relationships connect military, corporate, and university personnel while bridging the divide between these institutions. Formal institutional links establish cooperation and coordination across the military-industrial-academic complex. Be they research institutes, labs, and centers, or personal relationships spanning industry-university-military, the web of connections far exceeds any attempts to quantify." And then I knew that the Admirals, and vested Regents, were the kiss of death to the UC bid. ADMIRAL VISHNU BAGHWAT, FORMER CHIEF OF THE INDIAN NAVY On July 17, 2004, Admiral Vishnu Baghwat replied to my question "Why are so many Admirals involved with the nuclear weapons contract bid?": "The reason why the Navy and the Admirals are predominantly involved in the weapons is that until the Space military launch posts are ready and positioned with the minimum degree of reliability, the US Navy has more than 70 % of the first and second strike capability on its boats and hence an equivalent amount of the budget earmarked for strategic systems." His comments made the link for me between the nuclear weapons program, the Navy, NASA, and other types of directed energy weapons developed in nuclear weapons labs intended for space. Marion Fulk, a former Manhattan Project scientist and retired Livermore nuclear physical chemist told me that nuclear weapons cannot be used in space without contaminating the atmosphere, and laser weapons will not work because there is too much space trash already up there which will impede the effectiveness of the lasers. Wars in space will create more space trash until it is impossible to leave the earth, which already according to Astronaut Edgar Mitchell, is very dangerous now since a paint chip nearly took out the windshield of the space shuttle. The US plans to weaponize space are a violation of the United Nations 1967 Outer Space Treaty: Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. The intent was "to promote international co-operation in the peaceful exploration and use of outer space" and specifically prohibited the weaponization of space with ANY weapons, including nuclear weapons. The 2001 Space Preservation Act, HR 2977 which was introduced by Congressman Dennis Kucinich, let the cat out of the bag and revealed under the "Definitions" in the bill, that directed energy weapons which can target individuals and populations from space for the purposes of psychotronics, mind control, and mood control, are clearly the new space weapons intended to establish global dominance by the New World Order. Directed energy weapons developed in the nuclear weapons labs have been used on nuclear weapons lab whistleblowers, UC students, handed over to the EPA to use on environmentalists, and to the FBI to turn over to local law enforcement. These weapons are now land, air, and sea based. Space is the last frontier. ADMIRAL BOBBY RAY INMAN – SPOOKS-R-US Tipped off by a journalist in Washington DC, my investigation of Admiral Bobby Ray Inman revealed that he was THE Admiral at the center of the spider web. A look at his social network (see [http://www.namebase.org/cgi-bin/nb06?_INMAN_BOBBY_RAY] [- src=] opens in new window) helped put the ‘puzzle palace’ together, and I discovered he was National Security Advisor to five Presidents, Director of the NSA, Deputy Director of the CIA under William Casey, Vice Director of the DIA, Director of Naval Intelligence, President of SAIC, Chair of the 1985 Congressional ‘Inman Commission’ on Terrorism, affiliated with the Carlyle Group, on the advisory boards of Tufts and the University of Texas, represents SBC Communications Corporation at Cal Tech, Chairman Dallas Federal Reserve Bank, and a member of both the Council on Foreign Relations and the Trilateral Commission. And, Admiral Bobby Ray Inman is a member of the University of Texas faculty. One could say he is a dangerous man. One job he didn’t get was Secretary of Defense under Clinton: "1994: Former admiral Bobby Ray Inman, stung by press and Senate criticisms of his record, asked President Clinton to withdraw his nomination as secretary of Defense. A Clinton aide, George Stephanopoulos, later wrote that Inman had held back information during his White House background check." A look at Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) reveals just exactly what kind of activities are undertaken in a spook shop where there is no accountability, and what business Inman was conducting at SAIC under his leadership. SAIC is one of the largest private employee-owned corporations, and like the Carlyle Group, escapes scrutiny (because it is privately owned) despite annual revenues of more than $5.9 billion. In 1990 it was indicted and pled guilty to ten felony counts of fraud on a Superfund site, called "one of the largest [cases] of environmental fraud…" in Los Angeles history. DOE contracted SAIC to manage and operate the Yucca Mountain Program, which I worked on as a scientist at the Livermore Lab. I became a whistleblower at Livermore in 1991 because of my knowledge of the extent of science fraud on the most important public works project in US history. SAIC’s control over internet domain names, gained when they purchased Network Solutions Inc., caused a furor and identified the ties in SAIC to "the shadow ruling-class within the Pentagon". Basically SAIC is a private spook corporation, involved in voting machines (SEQUOIA etc.), controlling the internet (Network Solutions), training foreign militaries, and the contractor that set up global communications for the US military. The internet is being changed from a public resource to a lucrative operation influenced by spooks and former Pentagon officials. The internet was a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) project to begin with. One of SAIC’s prime clients is DARPA (DOD), which recently employed 5-time convicted felon Admiral Poindexter, an associate of Inman’s going back to Iran-Contra. Poindexter was forced to resign over his involvement with PAM, a "terrorism futures market" DARPA project which predicted assassinations, terrorism and other events in the Middle East. His earlier controversial program TIPS – the Total Information Awareness Program – was set up to spy on Americans. He was also involved in creating large information databases on Americans which are now being used to track citizens. SAIC also had contracts to develop information systems for the Pentagon, FBI and IRS. Police can now legally stop a person on the street, ask their name, type it into a palm pilot and come up with detailed personal information in a few seconds. An Associated Press story on Sept. 9, 2004, "Conn. City Uses Scanners to Nab Criminals" revealed that police in New Haven, Connecticut, are now driving around in police cars with infrared scanners connected to databases which they are using on license plates to hunt for "criminals", tax delinquents, and parking ticket violators. Some of the $25,000 scanners were paid for in one month from collected revenues. A military project, the real purpose of the internet is revealing itself: "The technotronic era involves the gradual appearance of a more controlled society. Such a society would be dominated by an elite, unrestrained by traditional values. Soon it will be possible to assert almost continuous surveillance over every citizen and maintain up-to-date complete files containing even the most personal information about the citizen. These files will be subject to instantaneous retrieval by the authorities." - Zbigniew Brzezinski. The association of Admiral Inman, the Bush crime syndicate, Texas oil companies, and the Carlyle Group with the University of Texas explained why an advanced 4th generation nuclear weapons research program is there. And it explained why the University of Texas is so eager to take over the nuclear weapons labs. But this takeover resembles Inmans involvement with a stealth takeover of the Mars program transferring it from JPL management and control to NASA. The NASA Deep Space Program was started at JPL to do space exploration more efficiently with lower costs. Criticism of NASA/JPL Mars mission failure problems in the Thomas Young Report released on March 28, 2000, revealed that the supposedly public space program had been hijacked into secrecy and that the military was calling the shots. NASA Administrator Daniel Goldin on March 29, 2000, revealed at JPL the day after release of the report, just who was in control and the existence of an oversight committee that nobody at JPL knew existed: "I’d also like to acknowledge Admiral Inman, head of the JPL Oversight Committee at Cal Tech. He couldn’t be here today, but I talked to him by phone. His commitment to the team here is also unwavering. And I thank him for that." Goldin was there "to address beleaguered personnel, scientists and engineers of the Nation’s premier unmanned center for planetary exploration, and to somehow advise them of the new political and engineering realities, while simultaneously exhorting them to continue to new heights but now under more stringent NASA management". The real question is what was Admiral Inman doing as chair of a committee in a private university overseeing all civilian unmanned exploration of the planet Mars without the knowledge of anyone at JPL? In two years Admiral Bobby Ray Inman took over the space program, and in another year from now he will have succeeded in taking over the nuclear weapons program. When Newsweek called him "a superstar in the intelligence community", it was for good reason. A Naval officer I interviewed later replied when I asked him if he knew Inman "…oh yeah… he’s one of the players…". DEPOPULATION: 4th GENERATION NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND DEPLETED URANIUM The development of 4th generation nuclear weapons is now underway in the US (in first place), Germany and Japan (tied for second place), followed by Russia and other nuclear and non-nuclear States. As an expert witness on the environmental and health effects of depleted uranium (DU) weaponry for the International Criminal Tribunal for Afghanistan held in Japan in 2003, I discovered that there was a connection between the use of depleted uranium by the US since 1991- in the Middle East, Yugoslavia, and Central Asia - and 4th generation nuclear weapons. [Carlucci, former Chairman of the Carlyle Group (1989-2003), sat on the Board of Directors of General Dynamics (1991-97) which is one of the main manufacturers of DU weaponry in the US.] International scientists, Drs. Andre Gsponer, J.-P. Hurni, and B. Vitali, watch-dogging nuclear weapons developments globally, pointed out that DU weaponry is being used to study the radiobiological effects of the new nuclear weapons now under development: "It is shown that the radiological burden due to the battlefield use of circa 400 tons of depleted-uranium munitions in Iraq (and of about 40 tons in Yugoslavia) is comparable to that arising from the hypothetical use of more than 600 kt (respectively 60 kt) of high-explosive equivalent pure-fusion fourth-generation nuclear weapons." The use of weapons in war are most effective when the weapons do not kill, but create long-term health and environmental consequences such as lingering illnesses which slowly destroy the health of the environment and productivity of a nation and the economy. The use of Agent Orange in Vietnam is a good example of an environmental disaster with lingering and long-term health effects on a population, as well as causing trans-boundary contamination. DU is a permanent terrain contaminant with a half-life of 4.5 billion years, forms immense volumes of nano-sized particles (smaller than bacteria or viruses) which are lofted permanently as components of atmospheric dust traveling around the world until they are rained or snowed out of the air. There is no possible protective clothing, air filters, or treatment for internal exposure to this form of a poison radioactive gas. It was proposed as a military poison gas weapon in 1943 under the Manhattan Project. Even worse, uranium targets the DNA, and the Master Code (histone) which controls the expression of the DNA, and slowly destroys the genetic future of exposed populations. The [http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/50/2302.html] , defines a Weapon of Mass Destruction as: The term ’’weapon of mass destruction’’ means any weapon or device that is intended, or has the capability, to cause death or serious bodily injury to a significant number of people through the release, dissemination, or impact of - (A) toxic or poisonous chemicals or their precursors; (B) a disease organism; or (C) radiation or radioactivity. The US has staged four nuclear wars since 1991 using illegal DU dirty bombs, dirty missiles and dirty bullets as radiological weapons and released an amount of radiation into the atmosphere which is at least ten times more radiation than the equivalent of 40,000 Hiroshima bombs, released during atmospheric testing. In June 2003, the WHO predicted in a press release that cancer will increase 50% globally by the year 2020, which can only be from an environmental cause. Already medical and scientific journals are reporting mysterious increases of infant mortality in 20 regions of Europe (Lancet Jan. 2004), the UK (Guardian Aug. 2004), and the US (New Scientist Feb.2004). Infant mortality should be decreasing now as a continuing trend for more than a century because of improved education and prenatal care, instead it is increasing in the US for the first time in 45 years with no identified cause. For radiation specialists, infant mortality is the most sensitive indicator of radioactive pollution, a response researchers have identified as a result of exposure to low level radiation from atmospheric testing and nuclear power plant accidents, releases, and startups. The global pollution from thousands of tons of DU in nano-size particles traveling around the earth and being deposited in the global environment will have a devastating long-term effect. Not only will it cause illnesses and genetic mutations in the future generations of those internally exposed, but it will have a depopulating effect long proposed by the US military. DU is the perfect weapon delivering nanoparticles of poison, radiation, and nano-pollution - the real killer – directly into living cells where they cause the cells to go haywire and dysfunctional: "Should humans be so stupid as to continue both technological escalation and wars between nation-states, radiological warfare might well be a far more safe and humane way to conduct extermination of large numbers of people, or the emptying out of troublesome political centres, than any of the various biological alternatives." MORE-4-US Research on population control is now being carried out secretly by biotech companies. Dr. Ignacio Chapela, a University of California microbiologist discovered that wild corn in remote parts of Mexico is contaminated with lab altered DNA. He was denied tenure at UC Berkeley when he reported this to the scientific community, despite the embarrassing discovery that the Chancellor denying him tenure was getting large cash payments from a biotech company each year. Chapela revealed that a spermicidal corn developed by a US company is now being tested in Mexico. Males who unknowingly eat the corn produce non-viable sperm. Depopulation is quite another thing. It is killing off large segments of living populations. Even Prince Philip of Britain, a member of the Bilderberg Group, is in favor of depopulation: "If I were reincarnated I would wish to be returned to earth as a killer virus to lower human population levels." [- src=] Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh, leader of the World Wildlife Fund - quoted in ’Are You Ready For Our New Age Future?’, Insiders Report, American Policy Center, December ’95) Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld has been proposing, funding, and building BioWeapons Level 3 and Level 4 labs at many places around the US – even on university campuses and in densely populated urban locations. In a BioWeapons Level 4 facility a single bacteria or virus is lethal. For what purpose are these labs being developed, and who will make the decisions on where BioWeapons created in these facilities will be used and on whom? More than 20 world-class microbiologists have been murdered since 2001, mostly in the US and the UK – nearly all were working on developing ethnic specific BioWeapons. Citizens around the US are frantically filing lawsuits to stop these labs on campuses and in communities where they live. Despite the opposition of residents living near UC Davis, where a BioWeapons Level 4 lab was planned with the support of the town Mayor, she suddenly reversed her position after a monkey escaped from a high security primate facility. When residents claimed that if UC Davis could not keep monkeys from escaping from their cages, they certainly could not guarantee that a single virus or bacteria would not escape from a test tube. The escaped monkey killed the project. The extreme secrecy surrounding the takeover of nuclear weapons, NASA and the space program, and BioWeapons labs is a threat to civil society, especially in the hands of the military and corporations. THE COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS AND THE TRILATERAL COMMISSION The New World Order can be described as a network of members of the Bilderberger Group, Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), and the Trilateral Commission. The membership in both the CFR and the Trilateral Commission by Admiral Bobby Ray Inman is of particular interest in light of the developments surrounding control by the military of the US nuclear weapons program and the NASA space program. "The Council on Foreign Relations is the American Branch of a society which originated in England… (and)…believes national boundaries should be obliterated and one-world rule established…. "The Trilateral Commission is international…(and)…is intended to be the vehicle for multinational consolidation of the commercial and banking interests by seizing control of the political government of the United States." With No Apologies (1979) by former Senator Barry Goldwater "The interests behind the Bush Administration, such as the Council on Foreign Relations, The Trilateral Commission - founded by Brzezinski for David Rockefeller - and the Bilderberger Group, have prepared for and are now moving to implement open world dictatorship within the next five years. They are not fighting against terrorists. They are fighting against citizens." - Dr. Johannes B. Koeppl, Ph.D., former German defense ministry official and advisor to former NATO Secretary General Manfred Werner. THE MEDIA At this time in history, it is incomprehensible how a nation can enjoy the benefit of the most sophisticated communications technology in world history and remain so uninformed… or dumbed down. The policies being carried out by the US government that are destructive, both domestically and around the world, are being conducted under a veil of secrecy. The only possible way this dumbing down or control of information could occur is that it has been socially constructed. It is a conspiracy of lies, manipulation and disinformation which increasing numbers of Americans are aware of and should be calling it treason: "The Rockefeller family has always taken a lead role in the CFR. In the 1960s, while American men and women were dying in the jungles of Vietnam and while the military/industrial complex was sucking trillions of dollars out of American taxpayers’ wallets, the Rockefeller dynasty was financing Vietnamese oil refineries and aluminum plants. If there had ever been a formal declaration of war, the Rockefellers could be tried for treason. Instead, they reaped dividends. These are just a few of the abuses of power which demonstrate the results of the power elite’s manipulations of our destiny as a society. If you’ve ever wondered why you don’t hear about this network of power, just take a look at the CFR’s membership roster. Many of the chief executives and newspeople at CBS, NBC/RCA, ABC, the Public Broadcast Service, the Associated Press, the New York Times, Time Magazine, Newsweek, the Washington Post, and many other key media outlets are CFR members. International power orgs depend on the masses remaining ignorant for their plans to come to fruition." David Rockefeller, a member of the Bilderberger’s, thanked the media facilitators: "We are grateful to the Washington Post, the NY Times, Time Magazine and other great publications whose directors have attended our meetings and respected their promises of discretion for almost 40 years....It would have been impossible for us to develop our plan for the world if we had been subjected to the lights of publicity during those years. But, the world is more sophisticated and prepared to march towards a world government. The supernational sovereignty of an intellectual elite and world bankers is surely preferable to the national autodetermination practiced in past centuries." - David Rockefeller speaking at the Bilderberger meeting in June 1991 in Baden Baden, Germany MEDIA MEMBERSHIP: Council On Foreign Relations (CFR) Trilateral Commission (TC) CBS Laurence A. Tisch, CEO CFR Roswell Gilpatric CFR James Houghton CFR/TC Henry Schacht CFR/TC Dan Rather CFR Richard Hottelet CFR Frank Stanton CFR NBC/RCA John F. Welch, Jr., CEO CFR Jane Pfeiffer CFR Lester Crystal CFR/TC R. W. Sonnenfeldt CFR/TC John Petty CFR Tom Brokaw CFR David Brinkley CFR John Chancellor CFR Marvin Kalb CFR Irving R. Levine CFR Herbert Schlosser CFR Peter G. Peterson CFR John Sawhill CFR ABC Thomas S. Murphy, CEO CFR Barbara Walters CFR John Connor CFR Diane Sawyer CFR John Scali CFR Public Broadcast Service (PBS) Robert MacNeil CFR Jim Lehrer CFR Charlane Hunter-Gault CFR Hodding Carter III CFR Daniel Schorr CFR Associated Press (AP) Stanley Swinton CFR Harold Anderson CFR Katherine Graham CFR/TC Reuters Micheal Posner CFR Baltimore Sun Henry Trewhitt CFR Washington Times Amaud de Borchgrave CFR Children’s TV Workshop (Sesame Street) Joan Ganz Cooney, Pres. CFR Cable News Network (CNN) W. Thomas Johnson, pres. TC Daniel Schorr CFR New York Times Richard Gelb CFR William Scranton CFR/TC John F. Akers, Dir. CFR Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Dir. CFR George B. Munroe, Dir. CFR Donald M. Stewart, Dir. CFR Cyrus R. Vance, Dir. CFR A.M. Rosenthal CFR Seymour Topping CFR James Greenfield CFR Max Frankel CFR Jack Rosenthal CFR John Oakes CFR Harrison Salisbury CFR H.L. Smith CFR Steven Rattner CFR Richard Burt CFR Flora Lewis TC Time, Inc. Ralph Davidson CFR Donald M. Wilson CFR Henry Grunwald CFR Alexander Heard CFR Sol Linowitz CFR/TC Thomas Watson, Jr. CFR Strobe Talbott TC Newsweek/Washington Post Katherine Graham CFR N. deB. Katzenbach CFR Robert Christopher CFR Osborne Elliot CFR Phillip Geyelin CFR Murry Marder CFR Maynard Parker CFR George Will CFR/TC Robert Kaiser CFR Meg Greenfield CFR Walter Pincus CFR Murray Gart CFR Peter Osnos CFR Don Oberdorfer CFR WHO SHOULD CONTROL THE US NUCLEAR WEAPONS PROGRAM? "Some people say Domenici is a sucker for big science. And they may be right." [- src=] Senator Pete Domenici (R-NM), when asked at a press conference last week if his vigorous support for his state’s Los Alamos National Laboratory had helped create a culture of complacency that contributed to last month’s security and safety lapses. In 1991, Richard Berta, the Western Regional Inspector for the Department of Energy at the nuclear weapons labs and the Nevada Test Site, told me: "The nuclear weapons labs exist for the Pentagon… and the Pentagon exists for the oil companies…" It is inappropriate for a university to be in control of nuclear weapons research and management. University of California faculty have long opposed UC management of the labs, supported by a majority of the students. UC is now in the position of managing, developing, proliferating, investing in, and profiting from Weapons of Mass Destruction. The fact that UC investments of $33,046,370 in Lockheed Martin Marietta (70% owned by Carlyle), and $21,471,120 in General Dynamics – one of the two biggest US manufacturers of DU weaponry which has been sold to 29 countries, make UC complicit in war crimes. Students and faculty should be informed of this. The State of California employee pension fund owns 5.2% of the Carlyle Group. The military, should NEVER be in control of ANY nuclear weapons program, it should ALWAYS be in civilian hands. And the Carlyle Group, a private corporation with vested interests and ties to oil companies, has NEVER been investigated or subjected to ANY oversight whatsoever, and for that reason should not have any control or influence over US nuclear weapons policy and development. Admiral Bobby Ray Inman and his associates in the intelligence business have demonstrated their systematic abuse of the internet, voting machines, and American civil liberties. Should we give them the trigger, the nukes, the budget they want, and the cover of secrecy? I don’t think so. Management and oversight of the nuclear weapons labs belongs at the National Science Foundation, a US government agency, with the resources to make rational decisions and reign in the planned unlimited proliferation of nuclear weapons on earth and in space. "There is a toxic quality to war that affects the inner life of individuals and, as a collective consequence, the society itself. In the degradation and dehumanization of the individual lies the destruction of all mankind." - Butler Shaffer ALL governments are terrorist organizations…and for that reason Humanity is on the brink of extinction. References: IMPERIAL SAN FRANCISCO – Urban Power, Earthly Ruin by Gray Brechin, UC Press January 1999. "Estimating the Cold War Mortgage: The 1995 Baseline Environmental Management Report" US DOE Office of Environmental Management Executive Summary, March 1995. "Closing the Circle on the Splitting of the Atom: The Environmental Legacy of Nuclear Weapons Production in the US and What the DOE is Doing About It" US DOE Office of Environmental Management, January 1996. "ECRR: 2003 Recommendations of the European Committee on Radiation Risk – Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure at Low Doses for Radiation Protection Purposes, Regulator’s Edition: Brussels, 2003". [http://www.euradcom.org/] "Asthma; Infant Mortality; Recruiting Foster Parents" by Lynda Crawford Gotham Gazette May 05, 2003. [http://www.gothamgazette.com/article/children/20030506/2/379] Deadly Deceit: Low Level Radiation, High Level Coverup by Jay Gould and B. Goldman (1990). Letter to Employees of University of California-managed National Labs Today at Berkeley Lab August 6, 2004 [http://www.lbl.gov/today/2004/Aug/06-Fri/letter-jump.html] "A Career in Microbiology Can Be Harmful to Your Health: Death Toll Mounting as Connections to Dyncorp, Hadron, PROMIS Software and Disease Research Emerge", Michael Davidson and Michael C. Ruppert, February 14, 2002. [http://www.fromthewilderness.com/free/ww3/02_14_02_microbio.html ] Media coverage of Los Alamos security lapse, July 2004. [http://www.4law.co.il/lanl1.htm] "NASA plans to read terrorist’s minds at airports" by Frank J. Murray 8/17/02, Washington Times. [http://www.washtimes.com/national/20020817-704732.htm] Air Travel Privacy FOIA Documents: "NASA Ames Research Center Northwest Airlines Briefing December 10-11, 2001", Electronic Privacy Information Center. [http://www.epic.org/privacy/airtravel/foia/foia1.html] Stop Carlyle! website [http://isuisse.ifrance.com/stopcarlyle/enindex.htm] "Our Opinion: NNSA must share blame for Los Alamos mistakes" August 16, 2004, Oakland Tribune. [http://ucnuclearfree.org/articles/2004/08/16_oped_nnsa-must-shar e-blame.htm] FIAT PAX – Let There Be Peace: A Resource on Science, Technology, Militarism and Universities [http://www.fiatpax.net/] "Defense Funding at 50 Universities" [http://www.fiatpax.net/profiles.html] "The University Web of Corporate Power" [http://www.fiatpax.net/dohe/universitynetwork.htm] "UC’s retirement fund investments" [http://www.fiatpax.net/iilinks2.html] United Nations 1967 Outer Space Treaty [http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/treat/ost/outersptxt.htm] HR 2977 Space Preservation Act of 2001 [http://www.fas.org/sgp/congress/2001/hr2977.html] Social Network Diagram for Admiral Bobby Ray Inman [http://www.namebase.org/cgi-bin/nb06?_INMAN_BOBBY_RAY] "1994: Former admiral Bobby Ray Inman" [http://www.appointee.brookings.org/sg/a2.htm] "Pentagon scheme for a futures market in terror" by Berry Grey, July 31, 2003, World Socialist Web Site [http://www.wsws.org/articles/2003/jul2003/fut-j31_prn.shtml] "BEST GUESS: Economists explore betting markets as prediction tools" by Erica Klarreich, Science News Oct. 18, 2003, V. 164 p.251-253. [http://www.sciencenews.org/] "Conn. City Uses Scanners to Nab Criminals" by Diane Scarponi, Sept. 9, 2004. [http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/ap/20040909/a p_on_re_us/scanning_for_scofflaws] Summary of Thomas Young Report released on March 28, 2000 [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msp98/news/news71.html] "When The Best Must Do Even Better" remarks by NASA Admin. Dan Goldin at JPL on March 29, 2000. [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/ftp/Goldin/00text/jpl_remarks. txt] International Criminal Tribunal for Afghanistan [http://bellaciao.org/Reform/2004/Afghanistan-Criminal-Tribunal10 mar04.htm] [http://afghan-tribunal.3005.net/english/] FourthGeneration Nuclear Weapons: The Physical Principles of Thermonuclear Explosives, Inertial Confinement Fusion, and the Quest for Fourth Generation Nuclear Weapons, by Andre Gsponer and J.-P. Hurni (1999). [http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/News/INESAPTR1.html] A comparison of delayed radiobiological effects of depleted-uranium munitions versus fourth-generation nuclear weapons by A. Gsponer, J.-P. Hurni, and B. Vitale, 4th International Conference of the Yugoslav Nuclear Society, Belgrade, September 30-October 4, 2002. [http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0210071] "Letter to Congressman McDermott from Leuren Moret – February 21, 2003." [http://bellaciao.org/2003/Leuren-Moret-Gen-Groves21feb03.htm] "Preferential Staining of Nucleic Acid-Containing Structures For Electron Microscopy" by Huxley and Zubay, J. Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology (J. Cell Biol.) 11 (2): 273. [http://bellaciao.org/Huxley-Zubay-Staining1nov61.htm] (Nov 1961) "Depleted Uranium: The Trojan Horse of Nuclear War" by Leuren Moret, World Affairs Journal August 2004. [http://bellaciao.org/en/DU-Trojan-Horse1jul04.htm] "Depleted uranium: Dirty bombs, dirty missiles, dirty bullets - A death sentence here and abroad" by Leuren Moret, Aug. 18, 2004, San Francisco Bay View. [http://bellaciao.org/en/DU-Dirty-Bombs18aug04.htm] WHO press release 03/09/08: "Global cancer rates could increase by 50% to 15 million by 2020" [http://bellaciao.org/Health/2003/Cancer-Rates-15M3apr03.htm] "Sudden unexplained infant death in 20 regions in Europe: case control study" R.G. Carpenter et al, Lancet January 17, 2004, V.363, p.185-191. "Rise in stillbirths prompts inquiry" by John Carvel, August 20, 2004, The Guardian [http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,1287041,00.html] "US infant deaths rise for first time in 45 years" by Shaoni Bhattacharya, Feb 12, 2003, New Scientist. [http://www.newscientist.com/news/print.jsp?id=ns99994675] "Three Mile Island: Health study meltdown" by Joseph Mangano, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist, September/October 2004, Volume 60, No. 5, pp. 30-35. [http://www.thebulletin.org/issues/2004/so04/so04mangano.html] "Smart dust, roboflies, microbugs: UC is spying on you" by Leuren Moret February 26, 2003, San Francisco Bay View. [http://bellaciao.org/2003/Berkeley-Library-Classified22feb03.htm ] Statement by Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh [http://homepage.mac.com/kaaawa/iblog/C337802379/E1557478132/] Statement by Dr. Johannes B. Koeppl, Ph.D. [http://homepage.mac.com/kaaawa/iblog/C337802379/E1557478132/] Statement on role of Rockefellers on Council of Foreign Relations [http://isuisse.ifrance.com/emmaf/base/cfrnwo.html] Statement by David Rockefeller at Bilderberger meeting June 1991 [http://homepage.mac.com/kaaawa/iblog/C337802379/E1557478132/] MEDIA MEMBERSHIP: Council On Foreign Relations (CFR) Trilateral Commission (TC) [http://www.freedomdomain.com/neworder/connections.html] [http://www.mindfully.org/Nucs/2004/Moret-Nuclear-Carlyle16sep04. htm] ***************************************************************** 25 AxisofLogic: Critical Analysis: America’s Nuclear Wars [http://www.axisoflogic.com By Paul Harris Sep 15, 2004, 08:35 American soldiers have dropped Depleted Uranium (DU) on enemy combatants since 1991. It is lethal, it is horrid, and even though it doesn’t have the bluster and showmanship of a mushroom cloud, it is still a nuclear bomb. It is one of the ironies of history: The United States went to war against Iraq in 2003 on the basis that Iraq was chock-a-block with ‘weapons of mass destruction’ (WMD). Eventually, the Americans had to admit they were wrong and they just couldn’t find those weapons. Many skeptics suspect the Bush administration lied about the WMDs in Iraq to cover a desire to invade and steal Iraqi oil. They continue to lie: Iraq is full of WMDs, both used and unused, but the Bushoviks and their sycophantic media fail to alert the public because it is the Americans who are using them. Despite going to war in Iraq on the basis of fabricated evidence about Saddam Hussein’s stock of vicious weapons, the United States itself has a long history of manufacturing, storing, selling and deploying WMD. As far back as the Second World War, there is clear evidence of use by the United States of several chemicals which meet the current U.S. definition of WMD. Still, most of us who point fingers at the Americans are best familiar with their exploits in Vietnam. Agent Orange and napalm are the best known WMDs used in Vietnam although the Americans also deployed Agents White, Blue, Purple, Pink and Green (all of the ‘agents’ were so named because of the colour of distinguishing markers on their shipping containers). These products are actually herbicides, developed during the 1940s, and were used in Vietnam as defoliants to strip away the forests and trees in order to deny the enemy hiding places. Most of these products are known carcinogens and their extensive use in Vietnam has compromised the health of many who came in contact with them, including American forces; and they were used in far greater concentrations than would be usual. Napalm, or jellied gasoline, was also used as a defoliant in Vietnam but, unlike the Agents, it burned the vegetation and killed by incineration anyone unfortunate enough to get in the way. Those of us old enough will remember the horrifying television images of Vietnamese children being incinerated. This was not the first or only use of this material: napalm bombs were dropped on Japan by Allied troops during World War II and used in flamethrowers in Germany in that same war. Later, it was used by United Nations forces during the Korean War before reaching the apex of its popularity during the Vietnam conflict. Although its use was banned by the United Nations in 1980, the United States did not sign the agreement. The U.S. claimed to have destroyed all its supplies of napalm by 2001 but that appears to be a matter of semantics rather than fact; current evidence seems to verify that they have used it as recently as 2003 in Iraq. A report carried in The Independent on August 10, 2003 quotes Colonel James Alles, commander of Marine Air Group 11: "We napalmed both those [bridge] approaches. Unfortunately there were people there ... you could see them in the [cockpit] video. They were Iraqi soldiers. It's no great way to die. The generals love napalm. It has a big psychological effect." The United States has denied using napalm but only because they have altered the petroleum distillate used and renamed the product the ‘Mark 77 firebomb’. Its victims will surely appreciate the clarification. While the United States remains the only nation to actually drop an atomic bomb on an enemy, there have been four occasions in the past 15 years where the United States has actually engaged in nuclear war: in the Balkans, in Afghanistan, and in Gulf Wars I & II. Background The use of DU is illegal under all international agreements, treaties, and covenants and it is illegal even under U.S. military law regarding WMDs. But in defiance of those international treaties, and its own laws, the United States continues to use this destructive material in full knowledge that its use could result in the slow annihilation of all species, including our own. Depleted uranium is the waste by-product of nuclear weapons and domestic nuclear power. It is deadly and is used in weapons because it is cheap and ignites and burns fiercely on hitting a solid target. When it impacts, it releases an aerosol of fine uranium oxide that is breathable and spreads great distances by wind until rain comes to weigh it down, where it falls to the ground and is absorbed into soil or water sources. The Americans have given DU to weapons manufacturers free of charge. It was first developed for the U.S. Navy in 1968 and DU weapons were supplied to, and used by, Israel during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Since, the U.S. has sold DU weapons to at least 29 countries. The plans for this substance, however, actually date back to 1943. A declassified document from the Manhattan Project is a blueprint for depleted uranium weapons. Euphemistically, some in military circles refer to DU as the Trojan Horse of nuclear war, the ultimate gift that keeps on giving. The half-life of the material is 4.5 billion years. Scientists are quite certain on two points: DU is deadly; and the effects of this material will continue to contaminate the earth long after humans are extinct. They are also fairly clear that continued use of DU will mean the future is going to move ahead without us. There should be no misunderstanding about the seriousness of this material: it meets the U.S. definition of a 'weapon of mass destruction' and while the United States is prepared to invade sovereign countries on the basis they 'might' have WMD themselves and they 'might' be willing to use them, the Americans are actually using them. And they use them in complete disregard for the people and nations on which they are dropped, even in disregard of the health of their own and allied troops. On that basis, there is some serious question as to whom has really earned the title 'Evil Empire'. Self Abuse In the three-week Gulf War in 1991, just 467 U.S. personnel were reported as wounded. Of the 580,400 GIs who served in that war, more than 11,000 are now dead and in excess of 400,000 are on permanent medical disability. New cases are arising by an astounding 43,000 per year. In a nutshell, more than 70% of those who served in the Gulf in 1990-91 now have medical problems. The only substances to which these troops are known to have been exposed are vaccines and depleted uranium. Vaccines do not cause the diseases these troops have contracted. The only known exposure with the potential to cause these illness is the depleted uranium. In response to the mounting evidence of the hazards, the American response has been to use the same material in the Balkans, in Afghanistan, and for a second time in Iraq. For protestors and advocates for the afflicted, there is no comfort in knowing that this transcends politics and has now gone on through three presidential administrations. Even worse, the Americans knew the deadly hazard inherent in this material before they ever started to use it. A military report prepared by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1974 stated: "In combat situations involving the widespread use of DU munitions, the potential for inhalation, ingestion, or implantation of DU compounds may be locally significant." A contractor to the military, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), noted in a July 1990 report that "aerosol DU exposures to soldiers on the battlefield could be significant, with potential radiological and toxicological effects." For 13 years, veterans of Gulf War Part One, and subsequently the Balkan veterans, have been hounding their governments to determine if they have been contaminated by the DU used in those conflicts. They are unable to search for this evidence through conventional medicine because suitable testing equipment is not available outside of government facilities owing to the national security issues involved. There has been a lengthy debate over the issue of GWI, and now Balkan Illness, while many allied personnel who served in those conflicts have endured unexplained and premature deaths or debilitating systemic illnesses. There is evidence of transmission of related diseases to sexual partners and children born to these veterans since the conflicts. But while the veterans continue to pressure the U.S. government for proper DU screening programs, a series of reports confirm the inadequacy of testing efforts and the fundamental failure to understand the ramifications of DU use. In the absence of adequate testing and follow-up, the military continues to use this material in a form of Russian Roulette with its own troops, notwithstanding the horrendous results on the nations where the weapons are being dropped. In the words of the well-known humanitarian, Henry Kissinger: "Military men are just dumb, stupid, animals to be used as pawns in foreign policy." And as if to prove his point, a report carried by both the Los Angeles Times and the Washington Post on February 27, 1991 quoted American troops firing DU weapons at hapless Iraqi soldiers: "We toasted him … we hit the jackpot … a turkey shoot … shooting fish in a barrel … basically just sitting ducks… There’s nothing like it. It’s the biggest Fourth of July show you’ve ever seen, and to see those tanks just ‘boom’, and stuff just keeps spewing out of them … they just become white hot. It’s wonderful." Where is the outrage? Americans have cheered the successes of their military men and women in Iraq and Afghanistan and, to a lesser degree, in the Balkans. Most remain ignorant of the horrendous weapons their troops used to destroy such feeble enemies. Even more, they are almost completely ignorant of the hazards faced by their own troops from the toys at their disposal. There is no outrage in the U.S. for the dangers being faced by American troops, even less outrage for the innocent victims of this lethal onslaught. But America’s craven allies, including my country Canada, can offer no excuses for their silence. None of the information presented in this article is secret; it is readily available from a variety of sources. In several countries, including Canada, there are victims of DU exposure who thought they were going to fight the good fight, little realizing that their best buddy was going to expose them to lethal substances, just because they could. The American decision to initiate the use of DU weaponry, and then to continue its use even when evidence mounted to thwart any lingering doubts about the hazards, is a despicable act. This was a cold, calculated decision to inflict long-lasting harm on enemies with no regard for the innocent in those lands and no regard even for American and allied troops. There are few observers who would excuse any other nation behaving in this way from charges of war crimes. Bracing for the next American onslaught Depleted uranium appears to have been given the green light in 1990 three reasons: q to test the efficacy of 4th generation nuclear weapons still in their development stage q to blur the distinction between conventional and nuclear weaponry q to facilitate the reintroduction of nuclear weapons into the American arsenal And it has done a marvelous job of stopping the enemy. Unfortunately, the side effects on civilian populations and the long-lasting environmental effects are horrendous. If the use of this weaponry marks the future of American strategy, and given their proclivity for military adventures, the deleterious effects of DU on the environment and on the population of various countries is assured. More, the health of American and allied troops is also compromised. The continued use of DU weapons should be sufficient reason for America’s allies to decline invitations to future military excursions. Regardless of the peril presented by the enemy, America’s allies need to be concerned about the peril presented by America. Sources include: ‘Depleted Uranium: U.S. Commits War Crime Against Iraq, Humanity’ – Christopher Bollyn, American Free Press ‘Cancer Epidemic Caused by U.S. WMD’ – Christopher Bollyn, American Free Press ‘No protection from known danger’ – Dan Fahey, Military Toxicity Project ‘Depleted uranium: Dirty bombs, dirty missiles, dirty bullets – A death sentence here and abroad’ – Leuren Moret ‘Depleted Uranium: The Trojan Horse of Nuclear War’ – Leuren Moret ‘The People versus George Walker Bush: International Criminal Tribunal for Afghanistan at Tokyo’ ‘An Examination of Uranium Levels in Canadian Forces Personnel Who Served in the Gulf War and Kosovo’ – Health Physics Society Journal, 82(4): 527-532; April 2002 ‘Perpetual Death from America’ – Dr. Mohammed Daud Miraki ‘Trail of a Bullet’ – a special series prepared by the Christian Science Monitor ( [http://www.csmonitor.com/atcsmonitor/specials/uranium] ) ‘Details’ – Paul Harris, YellowTimes.org (March 12, 2003) several reports prepared by the World Depleted Uranium Weapons Conference ( [http://www.uraniumweaponsconference.de] ) various reports prepared by the Uranium Medical Research Centre – especially see the report ’12 years too late?’ for an extensive list of source material © Copyright 2004 by AxisofLogic.com Paul Harris is a regular contributing writer for Axis of Logic and is self-employed as a consultant providing businesses with the tools and expertise to reintegrate their sick or injured employees into the workplace. He has traveled extensively in what is usually known as "the Third World" and has an abiding interest in history, social justice, morality and, well, just about everything. Paul covers central African current events for News From The Front (nftf.org) where his articles are frequently republished on the United Nations website (monuc.org). His work can also be found at YellowTimes.org and vivelecanada.ca, where he is a member of the Advisory Board on Canadian Sovereignty. Paul lives in rural Canada surrounded by corn, cows, and turnips. ***************************************************************** 26 Rep. Waxman: Secrecy in the Bush Administration September 14, 2004 Rep. Henry A. Waxman has released a comprehensive examination of secrecy in the Bush Administration. The report analyzes how the Administration has implemented each of our nations major open government laws. It finds that there has been a consistent pattern in the Administrations actions: laws that are designed to promote public access to information have been undermined, while laws that authorize the government to withhold information or to operate in secret have repeatedly been expanded. The cumulative result is an unprecedented assault on the principle of open government. Extended Overview » Rep. Waxman and other members of the Government Reform Committee have also introduced legislation to reverse the Bush Administration's policies and restore open government. REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS | Section links jump to bookmarks in full report Full Report (81 pp.) Executive Summary Introduction PART I: Laws that Provide Public Access to Federal Record The Administration has narrowed in scope and application each of the landmark laws enacted by Congress to promote "government in the sunshine." I: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) The Administration has limited the scope of the primary federal law providing the public with a right to information held by the executive branch and has resisted information requests through procedural tactics and delays. II: Presidential Records Act The President has issued an executive order undermining the Watergate-era law that makes presidential records available to historians and the public. III: Federal Advisory Committee Act The Administration has undercut and evaded the federal law that requires openness and a balance of viewpoints on government advisory bodies. Part II: Laws that Restrict Access to Public Records The Administration has reversed steps taken by the Clinton Administration to declassify information and has expanded the capacity of the executive branch to operate in secret. I: National Security Classification of Government Records The President has expanded the classification powers of executive agencies, resulting in a dramatic increase in the volume of classified government information. II: Expanded Protection of "Sensitive Security Information" The Administration has obtained an expansion of sensitive security information to allow the withholding of information about the safety of any mode of transportation. III: Weakened DHS Disclosure Under the National Environmental Policy Act The Administration has proposed a directive that would permit the Department of Homeland Security to conceal information about the environmental impacts of its activities. IV: Expanding Secret Government Operations The Administration has expanded its authority to conduct law enforcement operations in secret with limited or no judicial oversight through the enactment of new laws such as the USA PATRIOT Act and novel interpretations of existing authorities. Part III:Congressional Access To Information The Administration has repeatedly refused to provide members of Congress, the Government Accountability Office, and congressional commissions with information necessary for meaningful congressional oversight. I: GAO Authority to Investigate Accountability The Administration has challenged the authority of the congressional General Accountability Office to review federal records and investigate federal programs. II: Seven Member Rule The Administration has challenged the authority of members of the House Government Reform Committee to obtain information on matters within the jurisdiction of the Committee. III:Witholding Information from Congress The Administration has frequently withheld information sought by ranking members of congressional committees. IV:Investigative Commissions The Administration resisted or delayed providing information to the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, the commission created by Congress to investigate the September 11 attacks. Conclusion The Bush Administration has systematically sought to limit disclosure of government records while expanding its authority to operate in secret. Taken together, the Administrations actions represent an unparalleled assault on the principle of open government. Commitee on Government Reform Minority Office | U.S. House of Representatives Photo of Rep. Waxman: [c] 2004 Kay Chernush ***************************************************************** 27 SA News24: Lawyers for 'WMD pair' puzzled [http://www.news24.com Elise Tempelhoff Vanderbijlpark - "We would very much like to know why the charges against Johan Meyer have been withdrawn while the other two men have to remain cooped up in the cells downstairs." This was the question being asked by advocate Anand Choudree on Tuesday shortly before he applied for bail on behalf of 66-year-old Gerhard Wisser and his colleague Daniel Geiges, 63, both engineers from Kirsch Engineering in Strijdompark, Randburg. The two men were arrested last Wednesday night on charges under the laws on nuclear power and weapons of mass destruction, a couple of hours after similar charges against the 53-year-old Meyer, an engineer from Pretoria and director of Tradefin Engineering in Vanderbijlpark, were withdrawn. As Wisser's lawyer, Choudree found it "strange" the State was not revealing Meyer's plans for the future. Heinrich Badenhorst, Meyer's lawyer, said Geiges and Wisser's bail application had to be heard before he could issue a statement about why all charges against Meyer had been withdrawn. 'Stacks of statements' He did not want to confirm or deny rumours that Meyer had already been taken up in a witness-protection programme because he had turned State witness. Wisser and Geiges will probably hear only on Wednesday whether they qualify for bail. The case was postponed on Tuesday afternoon because the State apparently "unexpectedly" buried its lawyers under "stacks of statements". Advocate Eloize Eksteen, who appeared on behalf of Geiges, said they were surprised by the "stack of sworn statements" the State had handed them early on Tuesday morning. "We would like to be able to answer, and for this we will need some time." Wisser and Geiges looked pale, nervous and tired. Choudree said the men are "naturally" disappointed because they could not be released on bail on Tuesday, but they understood it was better to postpone the case. He will demand that Wisser be released on bail, because the German government allowed him bail on similar charges and even allowed him to travel to South Africa. Edited by Iaine Harper ***************************************************************** 28 AFP: UN atomic agency ends special investigation of Libya's nuclear program [http://www.spacewar.com/]  WAR.WIRE
VIENNA (AFP) Sep 14, 2004 The UN atomic agency took Libya off its agenda Tuesday as a special subject to investigate for nuclear safeguards violations after getting months of cooperation from Tripoli over its disbanded atomic program. Libya will now be only "part of our routine verification, which is good so at least Libya is off our agenda," International Atomic Energy Agency chief Mohamed ElBaradei told reporters at a meeting of the IAEA's board of governors. He said he hoped the same could happen for Iran, which the IAEA is currently investigating on US charges that Tehran is secretly developing nuclear weapons. The United States has called on Iran to be as forthcoming about its nuclear program as Libya has been. The IAEA said in a report in August that "good cooperation" from Libya "has enabled the agency to build an understanding of Libya's previously undeclared nuclear program." The IAEA, the UN organization that verifies adherence to the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, has been overseeing Libya's disarmament, which Tripoli agreed to last December 19 with the United States and Britain. The IAEA will still be looking into what a spokesman called "critical questions" about whether Libya had made copies of nuclear weapons designs it had obtained through the black market run by disgraced Pakistani scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan. The IAEA is trying to piece together how Khan's network was run and who else got nuclear technology from it. Khan has reportedly confessed to filtering such technology to Iran and North Korea. All rights reserved. © 2004 Agence France-Presse [http://www.afp.com/] . Sections of the information displayed on ***************************************************************** 29 News24: SA, UN in joint nuke probe [http://www.news24.com Gerhard Wisser, right, and Daniel Geiges appear in the Vanderbijlpark magistrate's court. (Johann Hattingh, Beeld) Vienna - South Africa is working closely with the UN atomic agency to help it uncover international smuggling in nuclear weapons-related materials, a senior South African official said on Wednesday. "We will co-operate with the (International Atomic Energy Agency) in every way," said Abdul Samad Minty, head of the South African Council for the Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. IAEA chief Mohamed ElBaradei said on Tuesday a South African investigation into a businessman arrested for illegally trading in nuclear material was helping shed light on nuclear programmes in Iran and Libya. ElBaradei told reporters his agency was getting "a lot of information that could have an impact on our understanding of both the Iranian programme and the Libyan programme." The IAEA sent investigators earlier this month to South Africa after businessman, Johan Meyer, 53, was charged with three counts of being in possession of sensitive nuclear-related equipment and of illegally importing and exporting nuclear material. Meyer has since been released and charges dropped against him. There has been speculation he has been co-operating with South African authorities. Two German men living permanently in South Africa were charged last week by a South African court with illegally exporting equipment to enrich uranium. Minty said the arrests were part of a probe into ties with a nuclear smuggling network thought to be linked to Pakistani scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan who admitted in February to helping Libya and other nations develop their weapons programme. Gerhard Wisser, 66, and Daniel Geiges, 65, living permanently in South Africa, appeared before a local court on four counts of contravening the Nuclear Energy Act and a law banning the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Minty said they were allegedly involved in the "import and export of a controlled flow-forming lathe as well as the production and possession of certain components associated with a centrifuge enrichment plant without the necessary authorisation." He said "these activities were intended to assist in the now abandoned nuclear weapons program of the Libyan government." He said police had in searches found 11 shipping containers at one company, containing components associated with a centrifuge uranium enrichment plant. He refused to say exactly what sort of equipment was found. Minty said the police had also found "documents" during the investigation but he once again refused to provide details. Khan sold nuclear material to North Korea, Libya and Iran through a network that involved about 20 countries. Libya agreed last December to disband its programmes to make weapons of mass destruction, and has since been co-operating with the IAEA. Information from Libya has helped IAEA investigators understand more about Iran's nuclear programme and its acquisition of sensitive atomic materials abroad. Now information from South Africa is taking the IAEA further in understanding the illegal smuggling network. "In general when police do investigations, they interrogate people in ways the IAEA can't. That information gets shared with us," a Western diplomat close to the IAEA told AFP. He said this information enabled the IAEA to "pursue international links, people who are part of this web." Another diplomat said that front companies which people use to make black market acquisitions change frequently "but the people do not", Edited by Tisha Steyn ***************************************************************** 30 Guardian Unlimited: Nuclear Chief: Russia Increasing Vigilance From the Associated Press [UP] Wednesday September 15, 2004 10:16 PM By VLADIMIR ISACHENKOV Associated Press Writer MOSCOW (AP) - Russia's nuclear chief said on Wednesday he was told to increase vigilance at nuclear facilities following a spate of attacks because it was clear terrorists would not hesitate to use radioactive materials if they could get them. Federal Atomic Energy Agency chief Alexander Rumyantsev said the nation's nuclear facilities are safe from terror attacks and thefts but acknowledged controls over radioactive materials at clinics and industrial plants have been loose. He said the brutality of recent attacks in Russia have raised fears terrorists might try to obtain nuclear materials. ``It has become clear that if terrorists get hold of something like that, they will definitely use it,'' Rumyantsev told reporters. More than 400 people have been killed in attacks the past month, including a school siege in Beslan that left 338 dead and the bombings of two passenger planes. Rumyantsev admitted authorities have been negligent in disposing worn-out equipment involving lethal radioactive isotopes. Such equipment, used for cancer treatment in clinics and for various industrial purposes in manufacturing industries, has been carelessly dumped across Russia, he said. ``Such equipment has been found in dumpsites, among garbage,'' Rumyantsev said. He added that Russian and U.S. officials had taken joint efforts to strengthen control over medical and industrial radioactive sources. The Russian government has recently toughened legislation to help track down radioactive equipment. Many experts warn that medical and industrial radioactive devices could be used by terrorists for making a radiological dispersal device, or dirty bomb. Unlike nuclear warheads that are designed to kill and destroy through a huge nuclear blast, dirty bombs - which thus far no one has employed - would rely on conventional explosives to spread radioactive material. Rumyantsev said all Russian nuclear facilities, including nuclear power plants and waste storage facilities, are securely guarded by heavily armed Interior Ministry troops. But he also acknowledged that the nation has had natural uranium and other radioactive materials stolen since the Soviet collapse. ``Tens of kilograms, maybe up to 220 pounds of raw uranium, have been stolen by people who hoped to sell it at profit because of their ignorance,'' Rumyantsev said. ``Only some 10 percent of these materials have been found.'' Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2004 ***************************************************************** 31 asahi.com: Mutual distrust reinforces nuclear addiction Vox Populi, Vox Dei Six years after winning the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize, medical missionary and theologian Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965) appealed for the abolition of nuclear weapons in a broadcast from Radio Oslo. Addressing a world torn by the Cold War and increasingly fearful of a nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union, Schweitzer packed his appeal with timeless insight. Not only did he urge the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union--then the only nations possessing nuclear arms--to abandon their weapons, but he also warned of the frightening consequences of such weapons falling into the hands of unscrupulous troublemakers. According to ``Kaku-no Kasa-ni Owareta Sekai'' (A world shadowed by a nuclear umbrella), a book from Heibonsha, Schweitzer said to the effect that once a crack formed in a dam, that dam was doomed to burst. Since the end of the Cold War, the ``dam bursting'' seems to have been escalating rapidly. The existence of a widespread network of black marketers, dealing in equipment and information related to nuclear weapons, has come to light. In his confession this year, Abdul Qadeer Khan, dubbed the ``father of Pakistani nuclear development,'' revealed a part of his underground operations. Corporations in more than 20 countries are said to have been involved in Khan's black market. But the ``real purchasers'' were nations, and named among them were North Korea and Iran. Given the possibility of terrorist organizations getting hold of those weapons, it is truly chilling to imagine ``ultimate weapons'' changing hands in the black market. Schweitzer also lamented in his radio address: ``We live in a time when the good faith of people is doubted more than ever before. Expressions throwing doubt on the trustworthiness of each other are bandied back and forth.'' Our present time is no different. The mutual distrust of those who feel they must have nuclear weapons is throwing the world into fits of anxiety, and this in turn is further reinforcing the world's addiction to nuclear weaponry. South Korea has admitted scientists conducted nuclear-related experiments. In North Korea, a massive explosion was reported recently. Even though this was apparently not a nuclear test, I worry about a deepening of mistrust. --The Asahi Shimbun, Sept. 14(IHT/Asahi: September 15,2004) (09/15) ***************************************************************** 32 AFP: Pakistan adopts bill to tighten controls on nuclear exports [http://www.spacewar.com/] [http://www.spacewar.com/] ISLAMABAD (AFP) Sep 14, 2004 Pakistan's parliament Tuesday passed legislation tightening export controls to prevent nuclear proliferation and laying down tough penalties for violators. The bill approved by the National Assembly, or lower house of parliament, will now go to the Senate for its approval to become law. It aims to "regulate and control export, re-export, trans-shipment and transit of goods and technologies, material and equipment related to nuclear and biological weapons and missiles capable of delivering such weapons." Violators would face up to 14 years' jail and a fine of five million rupees (285,000 dollars). "It is an important legislation and will effectively curb any chance of illegal export of any atomic, biological or missile technologies," Information Minister Sheikh Rashid told AFP. The government said the law was being enacted in line with a UN Security Council resolution, passed in April this year, aimed at keeping weapons of mass destruction out of the reach of terrorists and black market traders. "By adopting this bill, Pakistan would fulfil its international obligation and strengthen its credentials as a responsible nuclear weapons state," it said. Pakistan was hit by an arms proliferation scandal early this year when the architect of country's atomic weapons programme, Abdul Qadeer Khan, publicly confessed to leaking nuclear secrets to Iran, Libya and North Korea. Khan was given a conditional pardon by President Pervez Musharraf but he remains under virtual house arrest in the capital Islamabad. Minister of state for foreign affairs Khusro Bakhtyar told the house that "the bill would convey a positive signal to the international community regarding Pakistan's sincerity and commitment to the cause of non proliferation." All rights reserved. © 2004 [http://www.afp.com/] . Sections of the information displayed on this page (dispatches, photographs, ***************************************************************** 33 [NukeNet] NY Times Runs Interference For Indian Point Date: Wed, 15 Sep 2004 14:43:57 -0700 The NY Times needs to be called, faxed and met with as to why this personalization of Jim Steets was done. 2 whole sentences were given to anti-Indian point of view. A personalization should be given to Marilyn Elie, Kyle Rabin, Mark Jacobs or any of the others who have worked so long and so well trying to awaken the public and shut down this stationary radiological nuclear weapon. The NY Times can be called at: 212-556-1234. Their web site is: http://www.nytimes.com http://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/15/nyregion/15profile.html PUBLIC LIVES The Public, and Cheerful, Face of Nuclear Power By MAREK FUCHS Published: September 15, 2004 HITE PLAINS ONE day it's a faulty steam valve causing a temporary shutdown; the next it's an environmental group clamoring for a permanent shutdown. No matter what the news swirling around the Indian Point nuclear power plant - and given the vehement opposition to it, the news is not always favorable - out trots Jim Steets, the plant's most visible spokesman, with an easy smile and an eagerness to field any question. Advertisement He comes from his tan, 12th-floor office here in White Plains to step in front of the tape recorders and cameras and accuse the plant's critics of herd thinking, uninformed biases and worse. He then waxes close to rhapsodic about the benefits and proficiencies of Indian Point, located in Buchanan, in northern Westchester County. Though he occasionally gets tough, framing his argument with the subtlety of a medicine ball, Mr. Steets has such a friendly bearing that even those who complain that he argues in blind or bad faith concede that he is, well, a nice guy. Mr. Steets, boyish-looking at 51 despite a wintry thatch of hair, says the plant's detractors are simplistic and overly suspicious, but he sees some similarities in himself. "I am idealistic, just like they are," he said. "We're just on the opposite ends of what we believe in." Not that he isn't surprised sometimes to find himself cast as the public face of one of the nation's most criticized nuclear plants. "If you had asked me 20 years ago, I'd say, 'Nah, I'll never be a shill for nuclear power.' My image of it at that point was of the nuclear industry criticizing how it was portrayed on 'The Simpsons.' Give me a break." But in the three years since the 9/11 attacks, Mr. Steets's job as a spokesman for Entergy, which owns the plant, has not been an easy lift. The latest piece of bad news is "Indian Point: Imagining the Unimaginable," a documentary by Rory Kennedy that had its premiere on HBO last week. It contends that a terrorist attack on Indian Point could be easy and apocalyptic, calling the security inadequate and citing the plant's location 35 miles north of Midtown Manhattan, in one of the most densely populated spots in the country. Ms. Kennedy is the sister of Robert F. Kennedy Jr., a lawyer for Riverkeeper, the environmental group that probably ranks as Indian Point's most vocal opponent. At one point in the movie, the two Kennedys hover unimpeded in a helicopter over Indian Point - proof, they say, of the plant's vulnerability. Mr. Steets scoffs, calling that action typical of the opposition's tendency toward stunts and polemics. "We knew it was R.F.K. up in that helicopter and were confident that he did not intend to fly it into a containment dome," he said. "Do we have to shoot him down to prove a point to him? If we play the game to their ridiculous level, someone would get hurt." Before Sept. 11, opposition to Indian Point, which supplies 20 to 40 percent of the electricity to New York City and Westchester County, came from a small assortment of groups concerned about its poor safety record, but the wider community seemed only vaguely aware of the plant's presence. After one of the hijacked planes flew by the plant on its way to the World Trade Center, public fear put Indian Point into a defensive crouch. Even Mr. Steets said he had worried briefly that the plant could be vulnerable. "I wasn't sure about the capabilities of the structures to withstand an assault from the air," he said. "We are all smart people," he added, referring to his colleagues in public relations, "but not that sophisticated." All it took to reassure him was visits from structural engineers who explained the "physics of force" and the soundness of the plant's containment domes. But Alex Matthiessen, executive director of Riverkeeper, is not reassured. "Jim is a nice, amiable guy," he said. "But he's regrettably guilty of using the same deceitful public relations tactics that his and other polluting industries are famous for.'' MR. STEETS'S interest in public relations was piqued early, when he was a communications student at Fordham University. He may be one of the few undergraduates to have sat in a dorm room lost in fascination at the concise, well-structured explanations coming from spokesmen interviewed on the television news. A few years later, Mr. Steets, who grew up a block from the beach in Spring Lake, N.J., was hired to handle publicity for power lines being installed by the New York Power Authority. He arrived at Indian Point a decade ago, working in the shadow of the domes until about 18 months ago, when he moved to his current office so he could be in the loop with the Entergy executives who work here. (He keeps the radio near his desk tuned to an album-rock station in the hope of hearing his favorite, Led Zeppelin.) He commutes from Middletown, N.Y., where he lives with his wife and three children; he plays basketball to stay trim and release the tension from his job. His office conveniently overlooks the county office building. That way, Mr. Steets jokes, he can stand up from his desk and "shake a fist at Andy Spano," the county executive, who began calling for the plant's closing after Sept. 11. Lately those calls have been muted. Indian Point's safety record has improved, electricity demand keeps increasing, and since the blackout last summer, the idea of importing power from afar is less attractive. Two years ago, Westchester residents were talking worriedly about matters like spent-fuel pools, but there is less of that today. "The middle-grounders have just gone back to the middle ground," Mr. Steets said, declaring victory. "People want to know the plant is safe. Then they want to turn on 'The Apprentice.' " _______________________________________________________________________ Subscribe/Unsubscribe Here: http://www.energyjustice.net/nukenet/ Change your settings at: http://energyjustice.net/mailman/listinfo/nukenet_energyjustice.net ***************************************************************** 34 [NukeNet] Radiation Release Possible in Plant Attack Date: Wed, 15 Sep 2004 14:44:09 -0700 http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Nuclear-Plants-Aircraft.html Radiation Release Possible in Plant Attack By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Published: September 14, 2004 Filed at 8:57 a.m. ET WASHINGTON (AP) -- The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has concluded that it is unlikely significant amounts of radiation would be released in a deliberate crash of a jetliner into a nuclear power plant, but that engineering tests have not entirely ruled out the possibility of radioactive releases. The NRC said studies on a limited number of nuclear power plants by federal research labs and agency staff showed that even if there were initial releases of radioactivity, plant operators would have time to take actions to reduce the impact on public health. It was the most expansive public comment to date on what might happen in a terrorist attack. Advertisement NRC Chairman Nils Diaz, in an interview with The Associated Press, said Monday that while ``it is possible there would be some damage and there could be some (radiation) releases ... it is not probable.'' Nevertheless, added Diaz, ``We cannot rule out the possibility that damage would occur and radioactive releases would take place. We're saying it would be very difficult for significant damage to take place (and) to get a major release of radioactivity in a very short time.'' The government and nuclear industry have been particularly concerned since the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks that al-Qaida might target a commercial nuclear power plant. There is some evidence that a reactor may have been a potential target when the 2001 attacks were being planned. Before 2001, neither the nuclear industry nor its government regulators had seriously considered the vulnerabilities of a reactor to a deliberate crash of a large aircraft loaded with fuel. Since then, the NRC has been examining a number of classified engineering studies on such an attack. It has been using research from the Los Alamos and Sandia national laboratories as well as its own studies to determine how vulnerable commercial power reactors are to such an attack. In the facilities analyzed, the studies found the likelihood of damaging the reactor core and releasing radioactive material that could affect public health and safety is low, Diaz wrote in a Sept. 8 letter to Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge. Diaz wrote that ``in the unlikely event'' that a crashing aircraft would cause a radiation release, ``there would be time to implement the required on-site mitigating actions'' to protect public health. Elaborating on the letter, Diaz said Monday it is the agency's view that even if there is damage to key areas of the power plant, the extent of damage would not be so severe that actions cannot be taken to reduce the threat of significant radiation exposure to the public. Nevertheless, the NRC assessment appeared less certain that an industry-backed study released in late 2002, which said categorically that a large jetliner would fail to penetrate a nuclear power plant's concrete containment dome. That study, conducted by the Electric Power Research Institute, concluded that engineering models showed that a fully fueled Boeing 767 would fail to breach a reactor's four-foot-thick concrete containment dome. The industry cited the study as showing there would be no radiation release. Marvin Fertel, vice president of the Nuclear Energy Institute, the industry trade group, said he saw no conflict between the industry-backed study and the NRC findings. He said the government studies, details of which are classified, ``apparently looked at other parts of the plant and reached basically the same conclusion we did that it's very hard to get a large release.'' Diaz said the NRC conclusions were based on data that involved more than just the impact of an aircraft on the reactor containment dome. He said more than one containment dome design was studied as well as the potential impact of an aircraft on different parts of a power plant complex where damage might have an effect on plant safety and operation. _______________________________________________________________________ Subscribe/Unsubscribe Here: http://www.energyjustice.net/nukenet/ Change your settings at: http://energyjustice.net/mailman/listinfo/nukenet_energyjustice.net ***************************************************************** 35 Portland Press Herald: Yankee dome to fall in a cloud of dust The debris left Friday shouldn't cause concern about radioactivity, say state and federal officials. Today's question: Are you concerned about the demolition of the Maine Yankee nuclear plant and any possible health risks from the dust? --> [http://www.mainetoday.com] Wednesday, September 15, 2004 By ANN S. KIM, Portland Press Herald Writer Associated Press Rectangular openings were cut from the Maine Yankee dome to create columns, which will be collapsed by explosives. The columns have been wrapped in fabric and chain-link fencing to contain debris when the building is brought down Friday. The demolition of Maine Yankee's containment dome this week in Wiscasset is expected to leave the steel-reinforced structure on the ground and dust in its wake. That dust, state and federal officials say, shouldn't be a cause for worry. The 150-foot-tall structure is one of the last remnants of the now-defunct nuclear power plant, which has been undergoing decommissioning since 1997. The reactor and the steam generators that were housed in the dome have been removed and all contaminated surfaces have been eliminated, said Ronald Bellamy, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's regional chief of decommissioning. "There's no concern about any of the dust particles carrying radioactive material off site," Bellamy said. Maine Yankee had to clean the structure long before it got to this stage, and that process was checked by the state and the NRC, said Charles Pray, the state's nuclear safety adviser. "We feel very confident that those criteria have been met," Pray said. Workers have cut rectangular openings out of the dome to create columns, which have been wrapped in fabric and chain-link fencing to prevent flying debris. A 1,000-foot exclusion zone will be set up before the demolition, which is scheduled for 10 a.m. Friday. The zone will extend about 500 feet into the Back River and Bailey Cove. A warning horn will sound five minutes before the blast and will be followed by a series of long signals. A minute before the demolition, the horn will sound again, followed by a series of short signals. Federal and state regulators will be on hand and an all-clear signal will sound after the blast. Explosives will collapse the columns, causing the dome to fall intact. Excavators will then be able to break up the dome and load the debris - about 20 million pounds worth - for shipping in about 100 rail cars. No radiological material was detected when a test blast was done on one of the columns Monday, said Eric Howes, a Maine Yankee spokesman. Much of the material likely is radiologically clean, but Maine Yankee decided to ship all material from the nuclear side of the plant to a low-level waste facility because it will be more efficient than sorting out the slightly contaminated material, Howes said. The debris from Maine Yankee falls into the Class A category, the lowest level of low-level waste, said Tim Barney, senior vice president of Envirocare of Utah, which is taking the material. "It's not high at all. It's like a dental X-ray," Barney said. Spent fuel rods, on the other hand, are between 10 million and 40 million times as radioactive as Class C material, the highest category of low-level material, Barney said. Ray Shadis, executive director of the Friends of the Coast nuclear watchdog group, said he's had a few inquiries about demolition dust from summer residents on Westport Island. "So far as I know, the containment itself is relatively clean," said Shadis, who serves on a community advisory panel to the decommissioning. "But if they had concerns, they might leave for the day." Staff Writer Ann Kim can be contacted at 791-6383 or at: [akim@pressherald.com] ***************************************************************** 36 NRC: NRC Proposes Tougher Export-Import Requirements for High-Risk Radioactive Materials News Release - 2004-11 U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION Office of Public Affairs Telephone: 301/415-8200 Washington, DC 20555-0001 E-mail: [opa@nrc.gov] No. 04-115 September 15, 2004 The Nuclear Regulatory Commission is proposing tougher licensing requirements for the export or import of high-risk radioactive materials that could be used in so-called dirty bombs or other terrorist weapons. This action is an important part of the governments effort to protect the American people from the malevolent use of radioactive materials while continuing to permit their peaceful use in a wide range of industries and medicine, Commission Chairman Nils J. Diaz said. The United States has taken the lead in persuading the international community to strengthen the control of high-risk radioactive materials that could conceivably fall into the hands of our adversaries, Diaz added. This proposed regulation is another step by the Commission to protect the common defense and security at home and abroad from the threat of radiological terrorism. The proposed rule would implement export-import provisions of the Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources adopted last year by the International Atomic Energy Agency. The United States played a key role in developing the Code of Conduct and, at U.S. urging, the Group of Eight Industrial Nations agreed at their June 2004 summit in Sea Island, Ga., to implement the Codes export-import provisions by December 2005. The new NRC regulations would require specific licenses for all exports and imports of high-risk radioactive materials (in sealed sources or in bulk) as defined in the proposed rule. The proposed rules lists of nuclear materials and radioactivity levels of concern are essentially identical to those found in the Code of Conduct. Anyone in the United States wishing to export or import these materials would be required to apply for NRC approval. Under current NRC regulations, these radioactive materials may be exported or imported under a general license, which does not require filing an application to the NRC or the issuance of licensing documents. Comments on the changes will be accepted for 75 days following publication of the proposed rule in the Federal Register, expected shortly. Comments should include the identification number RIN 3150-AH44 in the header or subject line. Comments may be mailed to: Secretary, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001, ATTN: Rulemakings and Adjudications Staff. They may be e-mailed to: [SECY@nrc.gov] , via the NRCs rulemaking Web site at [http://ruleforum.llnl.gov] , or through the Federal Rulemaking Portal at http://www.regulations.gov. Comments may also be hand-delivered to 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland, between 7:30 a.m. and 4:15 p.m. on federal workdays. Last revised Wednesday, September 15, 2004 ***************************************************************** 37 NRC: Sunshine Act Notice FR Doc 04-20857 [Federal Register: September 15, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 178)] [Notices] [Page 55656] From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr15se04-75] [[Page 55656]] DATES: Weeks of September 13, 20, 27, October 4, 11, 18, 2004. Place: Commissioners' Conference Room, 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland. Status: Public and Closed. Matters To Be Considered: Week of September 13, 2004 Tuesday, September 14, 2004 9:30 a.m. Discussion of Security Issues (Closed--Ex. 1) Week of September 20, 2004--Tentative There are no meetings scheduled for the Week of September 20, 2004. Week of September 27, 2004--Tentative There are no meetings scheduled for the Week of September 27, 2004. Week of October 4, 2004--Tentative Thursday, October 7, 2004 10:30 a.m. Discussion of Security Issues (Closed--Ex.1) 1 p.m. Discussion of Security Issues (Closed--Ex.1) Week of October 11, 2004--Tentative Wednesday, October 13, 2004 9:30 a.m. Briefing on Decommissioning Activities and Status (Public Meeting) (Contact: Claudia Craig, 301-415-7276) This meeting will be webcast live at the Web address--http://www.nrc.gov [http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/leaving.cgi?from=leaving FR.html&log=linklog&to=http://www.nrc.gov] . 1:30 p.m. Discussion of Intragovernmental Issues (Closed--Ex. 1 & 9) Week of October 18, 2004--Tentative There are no meetings scheduled for the Week of October 18, 2004. *The schedule for Commission meetings is subject to change on short notice. To verify the status of meetings call (recording)--(301) 415- 1292. Contact person for more information: Dave Gamberoni, (301) 415- 1651. * * * * * The NRC Commission Meeting Schedule can be found on the Internet at: http://www.nrc.gov/what-we-do/policy-making/schedule.html [http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/leaving.cgi?from=leaving FR.html&log=linklog&to=http://www.nrc.gov/what-we-do/policy-makin g/schedule.html] . * * * * * The NRC provides reasonable accommodation to individuals with disabilities where appropriate. If you need a reasonable accommodation to participate in these public meetings, or need this meeting notice or the transcript of other information from the public meetings in another format (e.g., braille, large print), please notify the NRC's Disability Program Coordinator, August Spector, at 301-415-7080, TDD: 301-415- 2100, or by e-mail at aks@nrc.gov [aks@nrc.gov] . Determinations on requests for reasonable accommodation will be made on a case-by-case basis. * * * * * This notice is distributed by mail to several hundred subcribers; if you no longer wish to receive it, or would like to be added to the distribution, please contact the Office of the Secretary, Washington, DC 20555 (301-415-1969). In addition, distribution of this meeting notice over the Internet system is available. If you are interested in receiving this Commission meeting schedule electronically, please send an electronic message to dkw@nrc.gov [dkw@nrc.gov] . Dated: September 9, 2004. R. Michelle Schroll, Office of the Secretary. [FR Doc. 04-20857 Filed 9-13-04; 10:07 am] BILLING CODE 7590-01-M ***************************************************************** 38 The Herald: British Energy war of words escalates Web Issue 2094 September 15 2004 BEN GRIFFITHS September 15 2004 CREDITORS of troubled nuclear power firm British Energy yesterday waded into the row with rogue shareholder Polygon by warning the US hedge fund to back off or face legal action. The move represents an escalation of the war of words which has broken out between the electricity generator and Polygon, which has been pressing for a better deal for investors from British Energy's £5bn restructuring arrangements. A letter dated September 14 was sent to Polygon's legal team on behalf of an ad hoc committee of creditors. It claimed the US investor had undertaken an "orchestrated campaign to subvert British Energy's binding restructuring through the release of disinformation to the market". Polygon, represented by McDermott, Will &Energy, has demanded an extraordinary meeting after East Kilbride-based British Energy threatened to de-list the company if shareholders fail to approve the rescue plan. Under the terms of a deal carved out in October 2003, shareholders will get 2.5% of the company with the rest going to creditors and bondholders in exchange for wiping out £1.3bn of debt. Creditors have warned Polygon that a de-listing is legal if required to ensure that the rescue package goes through. The letter from London law firm Cadwalader, Wickersham &Taft added: "It is dangerous for your client to contend that the company should not take steps to promulgate the CRA (creditor restructuring agreement), since that is exactly what the company is bound to do." The row has blown up in anticipation of the imminent approval for the rescue plan by the European Commission's competition authorities, after which shareholders will be asked to vote and the debt-for-equity swap will go ahead. Copyright © Newsquest (Herald & Times) Limited. All Rights [http://www.pressnow.co.uk/] :: About Us :: Terms of Use ***************************************************************** 39 BBC: UK needs 'more nuclear stations' Last Updated: Wednesday, 15 September, 2004 Storage containers for vitrified waste, BNFL] Radioactive waste is the issue which dogs nuclear Climate change demands Britain consider building new nuclear power plants, says Lord May, the Royal Society president. The government's former chief scientist told the Daily Telegraph that the UK would struggle to reduce its emissions of carbon dioxide without nuclear. He said politicians must be courageous and start talking about the "unpopular child in the energy family". He argued that the idea Britain could meet its energy needs with renewables alone was simply wishful thinking. The truth is that it will difficult for Britain to lead the way on climate change in the mid-term future without building new nuclear power stations [ src=] Lord May, Royal Society The head of the UK's national academy of science was reacting to the keynote environment speeches given this week by Prime Minister Tony Blair and Conservative opposition leader Michael Howard. Both recognised the potential disaster facing the planet if CO2 emissions grew unchecked but neither mentioned building new nuclear power stations as a possible solution to the problem. 'So much at stake' Challenged directly on the subject by BBC News Online after his address, Mr Howard said: "Only a government can take that decision... We'll decide when we return to government." Mr Blair reiterated his position in the Commons on Wednesday when he said the government had an open mind. [Lord May of Oxford (Royal Society)] Lord May: Time to act is now "We have made it clear in the White Paper that we published that we haven't shut the door on [nuclear] but until the issues to do with cost and public concern over safety can be met there is simply not the consent to go ahead with it," he said during Question Time. But Lord May said the politicians' lack of courage on the issue was disappointing. "The truth is that it will be difficult for Britain to lead the way on climate change in the mid-term future without building new nuclear power stations," he wrote in his Telegraph opinion column. "Looking to the future, we need to be aiming for reductions in carbon dioxide emissions of about 60% by the middle of this century to avoid the worst-case scenarios for climate change. I think it's rather sad th for years Britain has been advised by people who don't see what the rest of Europe is doing on renewable energy Roger Higman, Friends Of The Earth "Yet Britain's emissions actually rose by 1.5% between 2002 and 2003. "Many of us want to believe in the promise of largely benign renewable energies, such as wind and solar, to satisfy completely our seemingly insatiable appetite for energy at low cost to the environment. But now, when there is so much at stake in averting a climate crisis, is not the time to retreat into wishful thinking." European lead Lord May is among several leading thinkers to raise the issue of a new nuclear building programme. Professor James Lovelock - who developed the Gaia Hypothesis of a benign, self-regulating Earth - outraged the environmental lobby earlier this year when he also called for nuclear to play a part in tackling climate change. And Sir Crispin Tickell, formerly the UK's ambassador to the United Nations, has accused British politicians of failing to give a lead on nuclear energy. But any move to extend the lives of nuclear power stations, let alone build new ones, is likely to provoke strong public opposition. Sizewell B in Suffolk, a pressurised water reactor, was the last nuclear plant to come into operation in the UK, in 1994. It took seven years to build, after the largest ever public enquiry in Britain. Many of the country's other stations are now approaching the end of their lives. Roger Higman, a climate change campaigner for Friends Of The Earth, rejected Lord May's analysis. He described nuclear power as an "expensive, dirty option". "It is intimately associated with the technologies that are used to make nuclear weapons," he told BBC News Online. "If we are going to be using nuclear to combat climate change, it will be impossible to persuade anybody else to reduce their emissions without giving them access to nuclear power... and that also enables them to build bombs." Mr Higman said the UK had superb renewable potential in wind, wave and tidal power. "I think it's rather sad that for years Britain has been advised by people who don't see what the rest of Europe is doing on renewable energy, and isn't following it up." ***************************************************************** 40 Platts NEI: Nuclear industry will meet NRC security deadline [The McGraw-Hill Companies] + The nuclear power industry expects to meet federal security requirements by the NRC's Oct. 29 deadline, the Nuclear Energy Institute's (NEI) chief nuclear officer said today. Marvin Fertel told a House panel that the security enhancements to be put in place will continue to make nuclear power plants "a model for industrial security in America." One exception, he noted, might be the implementation of requirements for bullet-resistant enclosures because the U.S. military had priority in getting the steel for its needs in fighting the war in Iraq. Christopher Shays (R-Conn.), chairman of the House Government Oversight Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats &International Relations, said it appears NRC is too close to the industry it regulates. But Fertel countered that there has been an intense effort to improve security since the 2001 terrorist attacks. Washington (Platts)--14Sep2004 Copyright © 2004 - Platts, All Rights Reserved [The McGraw-Hill Companies] ***************************************************************** 41 Pulse of the Twin Cities: 20 more years of nuclear? PulseTC.com Wednesday 15 September @ 15:34:09 XCel Energy seeks to extend license of state's three reactors By Carey L. Biron Minnesota’s three nuclear plants, the source of three decades of bitter political fights between Xcel Energy and grass-roots coalitions, will keep on running 20 years past their expiration dates if the company gets its way. The nuclear facility in Monticello and the two at Red Wing’s Prairie Island have been operating for more than three decades, and are nearing the end of their federally-licensed life spans—currently scheduled for 2010, 2013 and 2014. For the conservation and Native American groups who despise the use of nuclear power and the local storage of radioactive waste, those dates were the light at the end of the tunnel. Then, on the first of this month, the plants’ owner, Minneapolis-based Xcel Energy, announced it will seek approval to keep on running the plants for 20 more years. To keep the plants going, Xcel needs two things: federal approval from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and somewhere to put all the waste. The first is not expected to be much trouble for the company, as the NRC has never rejected a re-licensing application. The second requirement might also have become easier for the company since last year, when the legislature gave away its power to the governor-appointed Public Utilities Commission (PUC). “The people of Minnesota have a lesser ability to influence PUC’s decisions,” than the decisions of elected officials, warned Scott Elkins, the Sierra Club’s state director. “So the public will get less of an opportunity to be heard both in the relicensing process, as well as in the nuclear waste storage process than they did in the past.” The author of last year’s bill putting the PUC in charge of regulating Xcel was Sen. Steve Murphy (DFL-Red Wing)—a paid employee of Xcel Energy at the same time he was writing a legislative bill to help the company. In 1994—the first time the energy company came to the state with a storage request, to stockpile high-level nuclear waste in temporary casks at the Prairie Island facility—there were political fireworks. Although Xcel has more lobbyists than any company in the state, grassroots groups were able to force a compromise; the company could store some waste if it invested in alternative energy. “Now it appears that they’ve totally thrown in the towel on making that sort of transition,” suggested Elkins. Current projections by the Minnesota Department of Commerce estimate that Minnesota’s energy consumption needs will increase by 2,700 megawatts in the upcoming decade —assuming that the current nuclear plants continue operating. Xcel’s Jim Alders, manager of regulator projects, says that this extraordinary increase in need is where the conversation for renewable resources needs to begin. “Nuclear power plants are part of our baseload facilities; they operate around the clock,” he said. “We’re going to have to add hundreds and hundreds of megawatts of new power plants, just to keep up with the demand for electricity. That’s where there should be a vigorous debate about how much of that should be in renewables. You don’t increase the potential for renewable resources by doing away with nuclear power plants. What you do instead is make the cost of electricity more expensive.” For the people of Monticello, any misgivings about the plant and stored waste seem to have been snowed under long ago. Monticello City Administrator Rick Wolfsteller recently told the Monticello Times that Xcel will pay just under half of the city’s taxes this year. Back when the plant first opened, that figure was closer to 75 percent. Next door to the Prairie Island plants, the Mdewakantonwan community—paid $1 million per year as long as the plants continue operating—“has been a reluctant neighbor of the plant and storage,” said Jake Reint, a spokesman for the community. Reint says that, while the tribal council is not surprised by the news, “the council does still believe that there needs to be a permanent storage solution before we get too far down the line of operating the plant indefinitely.” That appears to be significantly easier said than done. Although the federal government did finally name Nevada’s Yucca Mountain as the only option for long-term waste storage, it has encountered legal and logistical problems. “We found that radiation release standards wouldn’t protect the health of future generations,” said the Public Citizen’s Michelle Boyd. “They arbitrarily gerrymandered the site boundary so that radiation release standards would go 18 kilometers to a control area,” Boyd argued. “According to their own standards, for 10,000 years no one’s supposed to drink the water or grow food on that land. However, there are already wells on that land and there is farming just south of there. Boyd says that this 10,000-year period doesn’t even get to the waste material’s most dangerous period. “It’s ludicrous: according to the National Academy of Sciences, the maximum doses are likely to occur at 30,000 years or more,” she said. Even if Yucca Mountain were to open today, the Sierra Club’s Scott Elkins says that it wouldn’t even be big enough to handle all of the waste material. “So there’s the concern on the part of a lot of folks that these storage sites on the flood plain of the Mississippi River will in essence become permanent nuclear waste storage facilities,” he said. Not only is Xcel shirking its legal mandates by not investing in more renewable energy sources, says George Crocker of the North American Water Office, but doing so would be significantly easier and more economical than the public is usually told. “Minnesota exports about $10 billion to import its energy; about a third of that is for electricity,” he said. “In other words, the money train leaves each year with about $3 billion … There are so many ways that we could channel that money—that we are spending on energy anyway—and use it instead for local economic development with locally available community based renewable energy. That’s exactly what Xcel is trying hard not to do.” The state’s reactors account for about 20 percent of Xcel’s overall capacity, Crocker emphasizes. “We could easily have a system in which 20 percent was wind and still not be in the way of reliability of the system. So that means that wind, all by itself, could displace the energy and the capacity that these reactors produce.” Since the 1994 agreement, Crocker says that progress made in Minnesota’s energy infrastructure has been backsliding. He says that he’s not surprised by Xcel’s decision to renew their nuclear licenses, but he is saddened. “The reason we’re not doing [renewables] and instead are doing nuclear is because that’s the way that the people running Xcel make their money,” he said. “It has everything to do with privilege and the sunk investment that’s already made into these obsolete and terribly, increasingly dangerous nuclear technologies. What’s probably even more disturbing, though, is that there are so many people in this state that are functionally illiterate about how their utility services are delivered that Xcel could even dream of trying to do such an irresponsible development.” Copyright © Pulse of the Twin Cities and [http://hostingave.net] ***************************************************************** 42 Insight Mag: GAO Raises Concerns Over Nuke Security - [http://www.insightmag.com Posted September 15, 2004 By Thom J. Rose U.S. nuclear power plants are better protected than they were before Sept. 11, 2001, but the Nuclear Regulatory Commission charged with enforcing their security does not know exactly how safe they are, Jim Wells, director of natural resources and environment at the Government Accountability Office, told a Tuesday congressional hearing. Wells said the NRC has pushed plants to tighten security by issuing a series of advisories and orders dictating specific hardening measures for all private nuclear facilities and has revised its description of the hostile threats for which nuclear power plants should be prepared. "While we applaud these efforts, it will take several more years for NRC to make an independent determination that each plant has taken reasonable and appropriate steps to protect against the threat presented in the (revised description)," Wells told the House Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats and International Relations, according to prepared remarks. Wells said that while the NRC has called for significant security improvements, its review of plant security plans has been rushed and has relied largely on documents submitted by plant operators rather than visits to plants. That approach affords regulators no opportunity to evaluate the specific conditions of each facility, Wells said. "For example, the plans do not detail defensive positions at the site, how the defenders would deploy to respond to an attack or how long the deployment would take," he said. The mock attacks known as force-on-force tests provide large amounts of specific data about plants' implementation of their plans, and the NRC has ramped up its force-on-force testing program, but Wells said it will take up to three years for the commission to test all of the country's 64 nuclear power sites. Furthermore, the GAO has warned that security plans should be fully considered before their implementation is tested. Wells and several subcommittee members also questioned the makeup of the NRC's planned force-on-force tests, which are set to be carried out by Wackenhut, a company that guards many of the plants in question. "This relationship with the industry raises questions about the (testing) force's independence," Wells said. Wackenhut and the NRC have defended Wackenhut's assignment to carry out the tests, saying the commission will oversee every step of the testing and that Wackenhut employees are uniquely qualified for the project. Wells further faulted the NRC for not following up on violations discovered in early tests. Subcommittee Chairman Rep. Christopher Shays, R-Conn., said, "Despite persistent efforts by reactor operators and regulators to minimize the risks of containment breach or spent-fuel sabotage, surrounding communities and those farther downwind take little comfort from a cozy, indulgent regulatory process that looks and acts very much like business as usual." Wells said the NRC has neglected to make conclusions drawn from inspections available to plants other than the one being tested or to regional offices that could benefit from lessons learned. Marvin Fertel, chief nuclear officer of the industry group Nuclear Energy Institute, told the subcommittee nuclear power plants have made great strides but shouldn't be pushed to digest too many more changes in the near term. He called for a period of "regulatory stability" during which plants could integrate the changes they have already been called upon to make. Fertel said the nuclear power industry has spent $1 billion to improve security since Sept. 11, 2001. "The NRC has recognized that the commercial nuclear energy industry has reached the maximum level of security enhancements that can be expected from a private entity," Fertel said. "Further increases to nuclear plant security requirements could have serious policy implications." Luis Reyes, the NRC's executive director for operations, submitted testimony calling for a number of statutory changes he said would allow the commission to further enhance security. The NRC has requested authorization for nuclear power-plant guards to carry more powerful weapons for use in a possible terrorist attack. The commission has also called on Congress to expand the number of nuclear industry employees who are subject to fingerprinting and background checks and to make carrying a dangerous weapon into a nuclear facility a federal crime. The commission would also like Congress to expand the classes of nuclear facilities, fuels and materials that are protected from sabotage by federal law and to extend NRC regulatory oversight jurisdiction to include discrete sources of accelerator-produced radioactive material and radium-226. David Lochbaum, a nuclear safety engineer who testified on behalf of the Union of Concerned Scientists, told United Press International he was pleased to learn that the NRC has trained with the Department of Defense, NORAD and Northcom to respond to a hijacked commercial airplane directed at a nuclear facility. "It was good to hear that that's in place," Lochbaum said. Lochbaum urged the NRC to require power-plant owners to transfer spent fuel more than five years old into dry casks surrounded by earthen berms and other protective devices and called for increased public debate of nuclear security issues. "There is a way to discuss this important issue in public and to do it responsibly," Lochbaum said. He cited the subcommittee hearing as an example of a productive discussion that did not release any sensitive security information. Thom J. Rose is a writer for UPI, a sister news agency of Insight. Copyright © 1990-2003 News World Communications, Inc. Editorial Feedback [editor@insightmag.com ***************************************************************** 43 Lincoln County News: The dome at Maine Yankee September 15, 2004 All eyes have been on Maine Yankee in Wiscasset since decommissioning began in 1997 as a model for other closing nuclear power plants, and demolition of the containment dome Friday morning is no exception. The collapse of the 145-foot high dome with the implosion of concrete columns hewn from the structure is in a very real sense, a symbolic end to an era of economic boon for Wiscasset and the Midcoast. Maine Yankee began operation in 1972 bringing new employment opportunity and business but then closed more than 10 years sooner than the 2008 license. About 200 invited guests, former employees, and news media will gather at the plant site to observe the dome fall from its concrete columns at around 10 a.m. Many other people are expected to observe the spectacle from across the river from the plant. “It will not totally disappear, though,” said company spokesman Eric Howes. Referring to inaccuracies of current news reports, he explained that the columns now supporting the dome are themselves 145 feet high. They will collapse from explosives wired to them, and explosion experts anticipate the top of the dome falling down intact. The top will then be accessible to excavation equipment for demolition and later, transportation elsewhere. “That’s the purpose, to get the dome closer to the ground,” Howes said. There will be a 1000-foot exclusion zone in place prior to the blast, which, according to Maine Yankee officials, is the “safest most efficient method of demolishing a building of this size”. The steel reinforced concrete walls range from 4.5 feet thick at the base to 2.5 feet thick at the top. The entire dome has been radiologically surveyed inside and out to assure that it meets the standard for demolition, according to Howes. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the State of Maine have independently confirmed the survey results, he said. With the dome and all the other buildings soon missing from the scene, the site will revert back to it natural setting except for the spent fuel storage installation. The storage facility will be there until the federal government opens the national repository at Yucca Mountain, Nev., which is scheduled to begin taking high-level nuclear waste in 2010. Dismantling of the rest of the buildings will continue until the end of the decommissioning process, which officials have said is on target for the company’s 2005 goal for completion. The plant site at Bailey Point is expected to have only restricted use aside from the onsite storage facility, but infrastructure work for a multi-use technology park is underway for the 441 acres of land on the other side of Ferry Road. The parcel recently exchanged hands from the company to Natural Resources via the Town of Wiscasset, which purchased it from Maine Yankee. The other property, known as Eaton Farm, is to go to the Chewonki Foundation for recreational-educational purposes. Vol. 129 - No. 37 [ This site is owned by Lincoln County News © 2002 ***************************************************************** 44 Korea Times: KEDO to Compensate Korean Companies Hankooki.com > The Korea Times > Nation By Park Song-wu Staff Reporter The Seoul government is seeking ways to compensate private companies in South Korea that have suffered financially due to the halted construction of two light-water reactors in North Korea, officials said Wednesday. ``We are consulting with KEDO's board members over compensation for losses from idle manpower and equipment,'' said a Seoul official involved in the $4.6 billion project of the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization, an international consortium established in 1994. He explained that the state-run Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) has already given a total of 9.65 billion won ($8 million) to private companies to alleviate their financial burdens. `` KEDO's money will go directly to KEPCO, if the international consortium agrees with our proposal,'' he said. To prevent further financial loss, the official also said that the Seoul government will demand Pyongyang lift its ban on the removal of equipment set up by South Korean companies at the site in Kumho, eastern North Korea. KEDO decided on Dec. 1 last year to temporarily suspend the project to build the power plants by one year. The U.S. government will reconsider the fate of the project in December. In a bid to keep the project afloat, the Unification Ministry in Seoul is seeking to extend the suspension period by another year. South Korea and Japan stand to lose most of the $1.52 billion _ $1.1 billion from Seoul and $400 million from Tokyo _ the consortium has so far invested in the project if the project is scrapped for good. The KEDO project was an integral part of an agreement between Washington and Pyongyang in 1994, under which the North pledged to freeze its nuclear activities in exchange for reactors and heavy oil shipments. However, the North was later found to have violated the agreement by operating a secret nuclear weapons program in 2002. The U.S. officially halted its oil shipments and has been pushing for the termination of the project. Japan and the European Union, the other two KEDO members, have been siding with the United States. South Korea, which bears 70 percent of the total cost of building the two power plants, wants to resume the project after the on-going nuclear crisis is resolved by the six-way talks. im@koreatimes.co.kr 09-15-2004 17:16 ***************************************************************** 45 Scotsman.com: Blair Warns of Safety Fears Hurdle for Nuclear Energy Wed 15 Sep 2004 By Joe Churcher, Chief Parliamentary Reporter, PA News Public safety fears and high costs would have to be overcome before there was any chance of building any new nuclear power stations, Prime Minister Tony Blair said today. He told MPs at question time that the Government had not “shut the door†on nuclear but there was “simply not the consent†for it to expand as things stood. Mr Blair said renewable energy sources would play a “vital part†in reducing greenhouse gases. Tory former minister David Heathcoat-Amory (Wells) had told him the Government’s energy policy “makes no sense†as it would “desecrate†the countryside with wind farms while allowing nuclear power to “wither awayâ€. But Mr Blair backed the use of new technologies. He said: “It is a perfectly coherent policy to say that we are going to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and renewable energy and greater energy efficiency is a good way of achieving it.†“We have made it clear in the White Paper that we published that we haven’t shut the door on it nuclear] but until the issues to do with cost and public concern over safety can be met there is simply not the consent to go ahead with it. “That is why it is important we continue to invest in new technologies such as renewable energy.†[ ©2004 Scotsman.com [http://www.scotsman.com/] | ***************************************************************** 46 Newsday: Nuclear power plant shut down again for valve repair [http://www.newsday.com] Wednesday, September 15, 2004 BUCHANAN, N.Y. (AP) _ The Indian Point 2 nuclear power plant was taken out of service Wednesday for the second time in two weeks so a valve could be repaired, its owner said. The plant was shut down safely, with no danger to the public, said Jim Steets, a spokesman for Entergy Nuclear Northeast. The valve, known as a check valve and used to prevent backflow in the feedwater system, was not closing completely, Steets said. He said the plant had been running at 70 percent capacity for a few days while engineers tried to find a way to repair the valve without shutting the reactor, but eventually decided a shutdown was required. "We couldn't achieve the isolation we wanted," Steets said. He said the plant, one of two on the Hudson River in Buchanan, would be offline for several days. Indian Point 3 was not affected. Although the previous shutdown, which lasted from Sept. 1 to Sept. 3, was also due to a faulty valve, there was no relationship between the two outages, Steets said. Before the Sept. 1 shutdown, Indian Point 2 had run for 382 consecutive days dating back to the blackout of August 2003. Copyright © 2004, The Associated Press ***************************************************************** 47 Newsday: Lawmakers question agency's monitoring of nuclear power plant security [http://www.newsday.com] By H. JOSEF HEBERT Associated Press Writer September 14, 2004, 6:45 PM EDT WASHINGTON -- Three years after the Sept. 11 attacks, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission cannot independently verify that every nuclear power plant is taking required safeguards to protect against a terrorist threat, congressional investigators told a House subcommittee Tuesday. Senior NRC officials strongly challenged that assessment and said the agency, through onsite inspectors and other activities, is aggressively monitoring security compliance at the nation's 103 reactors at 65 sites. Rep. Christopher Shays, R-Conn., chairman of the subcommittee, said there still "is no reasonable assurance plants are adequately protected" even though the NRC in April 2003 developed new standards as to what kinds of potential terrorist attacks plant operators must be prepared to repel. He accused the NRC and industry of trying to "minimize the risks" of a terrorist attack that could lead to a radiation release and accepting "a cozy, indulgent regulatory process that looks and acts very much like business as usual." That brought an emotional response from Roy Zimmerman, head of the NRC's security office, who said he was concerned that lawmakers were assuming the NRC is not paying attention to security. "We're laying awake at night. We've very concerned," Zimmerman said. "We're constantly looking and working very long hours to get out ahead of those that want to do us harm. We're not lackadaisical." The Government Accountability Office told the subcommittee that the NRC's monitoring of reactor security has been largely "a paper review" that falls short of assuring that industry security plans are meeting the more stringent requirements now demanded. At the same time, the GAO, which is the auditing arm of Congress, said critical "force-on-force" mock attacks to physically test security at the plants will not be completed at all facilities until late 2007. "It will take several more years for NRC to make an independent determination that each plant has taken reasonable and appropriate steps to protect against the (terrorist) threat presented," GAO investigator Jim Well told a House Government Reform subcommittee on national security. NRC officials, who also testified before the panel, strongly disputed the GAO assessment and said the agency has increased inspection hours at the power plants fivefold and has physically reviewed 80 percent of the security items plant operators must address. "We have inspectors (at the plants) all the time," said Luis Reyes, the NRC's executive director for operations. "We are there where the rubber meets the road when it comes to inspections." The GAO report also criticized the NRC for "not following up to verify that all violations of security requirements have been corrected" and for not filing official reports on all such incidents. At least two NRC inspectors are assigned to each of the 65 commercial nuclear power plant sites in 31 states. Reyes acknowledged they have broad responsibilities and do not file written reports on all security shortcomings _ only "the more significant ones." Those viewed as of "low level" importance are evaluated on a sample basis, he said. "It's a matter of resources." In separate testimony, nuclear industry representatives said utilities have spent more than $1 billion on security improvements and increased security forces by 60 percent, hiring 3,000 additional officers, since the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. "Nuclear power plants are the most secure commercially owned facilities in the country," said Marvin Fertel, senior vice president of the Nuclear Energy Institute, the industry trade group. Among the improvements cited were expansion of security perimeters around plants, more patrols within security zones, installation of new barriers to protect against vehicle bombs, installation of high-tech surveillance equipment, increased communications and coordination with local, state and federal police authorities. The NRC also has required plants to conduct force-on-force mock drills once every three years, instead of once every eight years as required before 2001. On the Net: Nuclear Regulatory Commission: http://www.nrc.gov Nuclear Energy Institute: http://www.nei.org Copyright © 2004, The Associated Press ***************************************************************** 48 TheDay.com: Burton Running For Legislature On Anti-nuke Platform Wednesday, Sep 15, 2004 The leader of the Connecticut Coalition Against Millstone launched a bid Tuesday for a seat in the state's 135th House District, pledging to shut down Northeast nuclear power stations if elected. Nancy Burton, 54, of Redding, is running as a Green Party candidate. Her goal is to fight for clean air, clean water, and clean government, according to a speech presented at a press conference Tuesday in Redding. The district also covers Easton and Weston. In her speech, Burton vowed to close Millstone station in Waterford and the Indian Point power stations in New York, saying the electric generators pose a grave risk to public health and safety. Burton is a licensed attorney in New York and at the federal level, but has been disbarred in Connecticut for violating rules of conduct while representing clients in a lawsuit. She is still pursuing federal legal challenges by the coalition to Millstone's new spent fuel storage permit and possible re-licensing of two of its reactors. She is seeking reinstatement as a lawyer here. Born in Keene, N.H., Burton earned a bachelor's degree in journalism from New York University and a law degree at Brooklyn Law School. A lifelong Democrat, she switched to the Green Party this year when asked to run. There's a clear need in Hartford for a true voice of the people, Burton said. She has lived in Redding for 20 years with her husband, William Honan. They have three grown children.  Patricia Daddona 1998-2004 The Day Publishing Co. ***************************************************************** 49 ThisisLondon: Bondholders 'No' to British Energy 15 September 2004 LAWYERS acting for British Energy's leading bondholders have rejected shareholder Polygon's calls for changes to the restructuring of the ailing nuclear generator. Polygon's eleventh-hour proposals - including a rights issue to pay off bondholders - have 'no basis in law or recent practice', says a letter sent by bondholders. The letter, in response to one sent by Polygon to BE, accuses Polygon of an 'orchestrated campaign to subvert BE's binding restructuring through the release of disinformation to the market'. In a second blow, a source close to Humbert Drabbe, head of the European Commission's competition unit, played down the significance of its meeting with Polygon later this week. 'They asked for a meeting at service level, and that is what they will get.' Polygon refused to comment. EC approval of BE's restructuring could come as early as next Wednesday. ***************************************************************** 50 How Airplanes Can Be Easily Hijacked Still Says Ex Customs Agent At JFK Airlines Date: Thu, 16 Sep 2004 00:35:24 -0400 And then they can fly them into nuclear power, DOE nuclear weapons[or their equivalent in other NWStates] or chemical plant facilities. A brief, much understated scenario from the nuclear industry themselves, commissioned by NRC is: http://www.mothersalert.org/crac.html http://www.truthout.org/docs_04/091504W.shtml Ex-Feds Blast 9-11 Panel and Bush By James Ridgeway Village Voice Tuesday 13 September 2004 Government agencies roasted for screw-ups in war on "terror". WASHINGTON, D.C. - A group of 25 former federal employees directly involved in the government's counterintelligence and counterterrorism programs held a press conference here this morning to lambaste both the 9-11 Commission and the Bush administration for failing to hold government officials accountable for failures leading up to 9-11. The ex-employees, from the FBI, CIA, FAA, Customs, and the Defense Intelligence Agency, had firsthand knowledge of their agencies' activities in counterintelligence and counterterrorism. Bogdan Dzakovic, a former special agent at the FAA, said he repeatedly sought to warn his superiors of mismanagement and the dangers of terrorism, but to no avail. He was a leader of a "Red Team" at FAA, engaged in preparing for terrorist attacks. But he said the security measures in his agency were "little more than window dressing," and quoted one frustrated colleague as saying, "The FAA is so screwed up I don't know where to begin." Diane Kleiman, a former Customs agent at JFK who was fired in 1999, scoffed at the idea that airport security has been improved. Emphasis on checking passengers coming into the airport hides the real problems in the back of the airport, she said, where literally anybody can board a parked plane. She outlined a scenario, for instance, in which, say, 10 terrorists could apply to be cargo handlers (a job with high turnover), get hired and work, but then quit, retaining their passes, which give them access to ramps and the unlocked aircraft. They then could enter the airports with backpacks full of explosives, get on the planes, stash the bags in the cargo holds, and leave. In this way, 10 planes with all their passengers could be blown up. Holding up a special government security-clearance pass, she described how lax airport security remains. Her pass gave her entrance to every nook and cranny of the airport, from ramps to runways to planes to cargo-handling entrances. Such a pass is worth thousands of dollars to any would-be terrorist. When she was fired, nobody took this valuable passport from her. "The leadership and management at JFK are terrible," she said. The 25 signed a letter to Congress - organized by Sibel Edmonds, the former FBI whistleblower who is blocked from telling what she knows by a Justice Department gag order - citing "intentional actions or inaction by individuals responsible for our national security, actions or inaction dictated by motives other than the security of the people of the United States." The 9-11 Commission's final report, the letter added, "deliberately ignores officials and civil servants who were, and still are, clearly negligent and/or derelict in their duties to the nation. If these individuals are protected, rather than held accountable, the mindset that enabled 9-11 will persist, no matter how many layers of bureaucracy are added, and no matter how much money is poured into the agencies. Character counts. Personal integrity, courage, and professionalism make the difference. Only a commission bent on holding no one responsible and reaching unanimity could have missed that." ------- ***************************************************************** 51 [du-list] DU - teh stuff of nightmares Date: Wed, 15 Sep 2004 14:44:13 -0700 DU - The stuff of nightmares By Julie Flint Special to The Lebanon Daily Star Tuesday, September 14, 2004 http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=5&article_id=8333 Two years before the invasion of Iraq, a report commissioned by the World Health Organization warned that the long-term health of Iraq's civilian population would be damaged by the use of depleted uranium (DU) - radioactive waste from the nuclear industry which is used to harden missiles, shells and bullets and which slices through tank armor like a knife through butter. The WHO did not make the report public. Odd, that. DU has been called the "Trojan Horse" of the wars in Iraq - and Afghanistan and Kosovo and Bosnia - a weapon that keeps on killing. On detonation, DU armaments release a spray of radioactive dust that can be carried in the air over long distances and which, when inhaled, goes into the body and stays there. The dust remains radioactive for 4.5 billion years. The WHO report was written by three of Europe's top radiation scientists, including Dr. Keith Baverstock, for more than a decade the WHO's leading expert on radiation and health. After retiring from the WHO, Baverstock leaked the report to the media earlier this year. It concluded that microscopic particles of DU would be blown around and inhaled by Iraqi civilians for years to come, and could trigger the growth of malignant tumors. Baverstock believes the WHO deliberately suppressed the report - probably under pressure from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a more powerful UN body that promotes nuclear power. In response, WHO claims the IAEA's role was "very minor" and says the report was not approved for publication because "parts of it did not reflect accurately what a WHO-convened group of international experts considered the best science in the area of depleted uranium." In other words, its own chosen experts got it wrong. Odd, again. Had the study had been published in November 2001, Baverstock believes there would have been more pressure on the Allies to limit their use of DU during the invasion of Iraq - and to clean up afterward. But it wasn't published. As a result, Iraq is now playing host to some 350 tons of DU fired in 1991, but also to more than 1,000 tons reportedly fired in 2003. The "reportedly" is needed here because the armed forces are playing coy with figures. No wonder: handlers of DU in the US and Britain are required to wear masks and protective clothing. Imagine Iraqis having to dress like that for 4.5 billion years. Nuha al-Radi, the much-loved Iraqi artist and diarist who died in Beirut on August 31, believed her leukemia could have been caused by DU. And if not DU, then something else to which Iraqis were knowingly exposed in the wars since Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait. For DU is not the only concern in the "toxic wasteland" that many scientists say Iraq has become. There are also the chemical weapons the Baath regime used against its own people, and in its war with Iran, and, most recently, the chemical and biological materials released into the atmosphere by Allied bombing of Iraqi stockpiles in the first Gulf war of 1991. Nuha, who didn't believe the first war would take place, was devastated by the second. "The carnage takes place in apocalyptic proportions," she wrote at her lowest point. "Sometimes I want to cry, but I resist. I am totally withered, and feel so useless." We talked of working together on a film that would investigate the pollution of Iraq and its people. Nuha was convinced that DU was entering the water table and flowing into every corner of the country, poisoning everything. But she fell ill, and we did nothing. Looking at the DU debate now, one thing is crystal-clear: there are two very district bodies of opinion - and both claim to be informed. The question is, by what? On one side, there are the governments that use DU weapons, the IAEA, NATO and WHO, who maintain (publicly, at least) that DU is not particularly dangerous and has no long-term effects. On the other side, united by varying degrees of concern, are the European Parliament, which has called for an immediate moratorium on the use of DU weapons, Belgium, Portugal, France, Spain and Italy, who don't use them and want an inquiry into them; the United Nations Environmental Program; and many independent scientists, several of whom have first-hand experience of the legacy of DU. After the first Gulf war, Dr. Asaf Durakovic, a colonel in the US Army Medical Corps, was put in charge of Nuclear Medicine Service at the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. He discovered unusual radiation levels in veterans and became convinced not only that DU was killing them, but also that it was causing changes in the human gene pool that would damage future generations. He found "considerable resistance" from the government to his work on DU and was asked to stop. He refused. Two months after writing to President Bill Clinton to request an inquiry into DU contamination, he was fired - and went on to become Clinical Professor of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine at Georgetown University in Washington. A nutter? Hardly. Yet Durakovic says soil samples from Iraq show radiation levels 17 times higher than is acceptable - threatening, he says, environmental "catastrophe." He believes that DU contamination from the 1991 war may have exposed the entire Gulf population. When the 1991 war started, Dr. Doug Rokke, a Vietnam veteran, forensic scientist and retired army major, was recalled from academia and sent to the Gulf as part of the army's Depleted Uranium Assessment team. "The US Army made me their expert," he says. "I went into the project with the total intent to ensure they could use uranium munitions in war, because I'm a warrior. What I saw as director of the project led me to one conclusion: uranium munitions must be banned from the planet, for eternity, and medical care must be provided for everyone" - those on the firing end and those on the receiving end. Many in Rokke's Gulf team are now dead. He himself suffers from serious health problems including brain lesions and lung and kidney damage. When government doctors finally agreed to test him in November 1994, three-and-a-half years after he fell ill, while he was director of the Pentagon's Depleted Uranium Project, he was found to have 5,000 times the permissible level of radiation in his body - enough to light up a small village. DU, he says, is the stuff of nightmares. Julie Flint is a veteran journalist based in Beirut and London. This is the first of two articles on depleted uranium, which she wrote for THE DAILY STAR -- Posted for educational and research purposes only, ~ in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107 ~ NucNews Links and Expanded Archives - http://nucnews.net ___________________________________________________________ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun! http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com ------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor --------------------~--> Make a clean sweep of pop-up ads. Yahoo! Companion Toolbar. Now with Pop-Up Blocker. Get it for free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/L5YrjA/eSIIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM --------------------------------------------------------------------~-> To unsubscribe from this groups send a message to du-list-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com. In the body of the message type unsubscribe and send. Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/du-list/ <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: du-list-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com <*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ ***************************************************************** 52 Hawk Eye: Kerry weighs in on claims [http://archive.thehawkeye.com] Monday, September 13, 2004 Site updated daily at 11 a.m. CST Presidential candidate pushes for change in handling former weapons workers' compensation. By MATTHEW LeBLANC mleblanc@thehawkeye.com In what already has become a heated battle for the White House, John Kerry has weighed in on the issue of ailing nuclear weapons workers, telling an Ohio congressman that he and running mate John Edwards would ensure that thousands sickened by work at Energy Department sites nationwide would be paid under a federal workers' compensation program. The move once again pits the Massachusetts senator against the Bush administration, which has in recent months announced opposition to changes that would quicken the pace at which the former weapons workers are paid. Kerry sent a letter to Ohio Rep. Ted Strickland, a Democrat, outlining in broad strokes his plan for the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program before a speech by Bush in Portsmouth, Ohio, Friday. Earlier this year, Kerry criticized the program, saying delays within the system are "wrong." "The Cold War was ultimately won in no small part by those who have served in the nation's nuclear facilities," Kerry said. "With this in mind, I want to assure you that a Kerry–Edwards administration will take our nation in the right direction by ensuring the future health and prosperity of the community and its workforce." A bipartisan group of senators is currently pursuing changes in the 4–year–old EEOICP. Legislation moving claims control from the much–criticized Energy Department to the Department of Labor remain in the hands of House and Senate conference committee members. A decision on whether to move the legislation to the Senate floor is expected later this year. Bush lobbyists will argue against the bill, saying a change would create "an unworkable process" and cause more delays. Spokesmen for Bush have declined to comment on the administration's opposition. But proponents of the legislation, including Iowa Sens. Tom Harkin and Charles Grassley, say the proposal would speed up a claims process that has left thousands of former workers and their families without government–prescribed benefits. According to Energy Department data, only $700,000 of the nearly $95 million allocated by Congress for the compensation program has been doled out. Kerry sent the letter Thursday before Bush was scheduled to speak near the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Piketon, Ohio, where workers' illnesses have been linked to employment at the facility. He promised to make benefits available "in a timely and equitable manner." "Deserving workers will no longer be kept waiting to receive the benefits Congress prescribed," Kerry said. In Iowa, more than 1,600 former nuclear weapons workers at the Iowa Army Ammunition Plant in Middletown have applied for benefits, though only a handful have received money. Workers there built, test–fired and disassembled components of nuclear weapons from the 1940s to the mid–1970s. Vina Colley, the head of watchdog group National Nuclear Workers for Justice and former Portsmouth facility employee, applauded Kerry's letter but questioned whether he would actively seek changes in the program if he is elected president in November. She also has filed claims under EEOICP. "I'd like to know what he means by 'ensuring the future health and prosperity of the community and its workforce,' " she said. The Hawk Eye 800 S. Main St., Burlington, Iowa 52601 319-754-8461 · 1-800-397-1708 · FAX 319-754-6824 · [webmaster@thehawkeye.com] ***************************************************************** 53 Hawk Eye: Claims report blames Congress [http://archive.thehawkeye.com] Tuesday, September 14, 2004 Site updated daily at 11 a.m. CST Investigation says lagging agency not made aware of urgency. By MATTHEW LeBLANC mleblanc@thehawkeye.com A portion of a complicated federal workers' compensation program for former nuclear weapons workers has more than 19,000 unprocessed claims even though lawmakers say the payments should be on the fast track. Congressional investigators say more than 90 percent of claims sent to government doctors in the last 2 1/2 years for radiation exposure estimates remain in limbo, according to a report issued this month by the Government Accountability Office. Investigators say uneven coordination between the Labor Department and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health created the backlog in claims that may take years to work out. NIOSH officials oversee "dose reconstructions" in which doctors estimate the amount of harmful radiation to which a worker was exposed during work at plants nationwide. "Of the more than 21,000 claims requiring dose reconstruction, 9 percent were fully processed," the GAO wrote. The investigation, ordered last year by Indiana Republican Rep. John Hostettler, is at least the second into portions of the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program. Previous inquiries into other portions of the program noted delays and other administrative problems. However, the latest investigation places the blame on Congress — not program administrators — for the backlog. While nearly 85 percent of claims that do not require dose reconstructions were completely processed by Labor officials, the GAO faults lawmakers for not making clear the ramifications of the expansive program to NIOSH. Congress passed legislation in 2000 creating the compensation program, which gives out one–time $150,000 payments to former nuclear weapons workers sickened by work at Department of Energy plants. The Labor Department immediately began processing claims, despite NIOSH being ill–equipped to handle them early on in the program's history, the GAO said. "Unlike Labor, which was able to immediately begin processing claims at the start of the program..., NIOSH needed time to develop the necessary regulations and to get staff and procedures in place to perform dose reconstructions," the report said. "In a May 2004 report to Congress, NIOSH reported that many of the key program pieces, such as recruiting and training staff, were not completed until 2003." In contrast, the GAO reports that claims processed by Labor officials had exceeded 24,000 by Aug. 1. "Labor generally met its timeliness goals for processing claims," the report said. The backlog could still affect about 1,600 former Iowa Army Ammunition Plant workers who have filed claims under this portion of the program. Many of those workers filed claims, arguing they had contracted cancer while working at the Middletown plant, where they built, test–fired and disassembled components of nuclear weapons from the 1940s to the 1970s. The backlog at NIOSH is centered on cancer claims, and the agency currently has no timetable in place for their completion. Members of Congress, including Sens. Charles Grassley, R–Iowa, and Tom Harkin, D–Iowa, remain committed to moving all claims filed under EEOICP to the Labor Department. Legislation that would complete the move remains in committee, where House and Senate leaders will decide whether to make the change later this year. The Energy Department runs the other portion of the program. Also cited in the GAO report is a failure by NIOSH to complete "site profiles" detailing levels of hazardous chemicals and radiation at Energy sites around the country. The profiles are used to determine what employees were exposed to at the time of their work at the sites. NIOSH doctors use the site profiles to complete the dose reconstructions. The GAO report questions whether dose reconstructions have even begun on workers at sites without site profiles. The Hawk Eye 800 S. Main St., Burlington, Iowa 52601 319-754-8461 · 1-800-397-1708 · FAX 319-754-6824 · webmaster@thehawkeye.com [webmaster@thehawkeye.com] ***************************************************************** 54 Hawk Eye: Leach and Boswell sign on [http://archive.thehawkeye.com] Tuesday, September 14, 2004 Site updated daily at 11 a.m. CST By MATTHEW LeBLANC mleblanc@thehawkeye.com Two members of Iowa's congressional delegation have signed on with Kentucky and Ohio lawmakers to urge a joint Senate and House committee to make changes in a federal workers' compensation program. Reps. Jim Leach, R–2nd District and Leonard Boswell, D–3rd District, each signed a letter sent last week to House Armed Services Committee members likely to be on the committee that decides whether the changes will be made. Reps. Tod Strickland, D–Ohio, and Ed Whitfield, R–Ky., wrote the letter. Proposed legislation would move control of claims filed under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program from the Energy Department to the Labor Department. Proponents argue the move would expedite claims for thousands of ailing former nuclear weapons workers who filed the claims. Currently, Labor and Energy officials run separate parts of the program. "When ... EEOICP was created, there were bipartisan doubts about whether it made sense to divide claims processing responsibilities between DOE and DOL ...," the lawmakers wrote. "We strongly believe that acceptance of the Senate provision will honor a national commitment to assist those veterans of the Cold War who were told help is on the way when the law was enacted four years ago." At the Iowa Army Ammunition Plant in Middletown, nearly 2,200 workers have applied for benefits under EEOICP. Only about 40 have received compensation payments, according to Labor Department statistics. Aides to Sen. Charles Grassley, R–Iowa, said house conferees had not been picked as of Monday. "Sen. Grassley's staff continues to work with members of the committee of jurisdiction to educate them on the Senate provisions," said Beth Pellett–Levine, Grassley's press secretary. Grassley and Sen. Tom Harkin, D–Iowa, each have introduced bills seeking to simplify the complicated program. The Hawk Eye 800 S. Main St., Burlington, Iowa 52601 319-754-8461 · 1-800-397-1708 · FAX 319-754-6824 · webmaster@thehawkeye.com [webmaster@thehawkeye.com] ***************************************************************** 55 courier-journal: Sick-worker program may change www.courier-journal.com Wednesday, September 15, 2004 Few claims paid in nuclear program Associated Press KNOXVILLE, Tenn. U.S. Rep. Zach Wamp predicts that Congress will put the Labor Department in charge of a compensation program for sick Cold War-era nuclear weapons workers that has stalled under Energy Department control. "Too many members of the House and the Senate lost confidence in the Department of Energy because they got so far behind," the Chattanooga Republican said Monday. Congress enacted a law four years ago directing the Energy Department to help workers at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Western Kentucky and other plants that handled nuclear material file claims for lost wages and medical benefits under state workers' compensation systems. That reversed a decades-old practice in which the government helped contractors fight the workers' claims. Lawmakers and many of the workers, including hundreds in Wamp's district in Oak Ridge, claim the Energy Department has squandered much of the $95million it received. As of the end of July, the agency had paid only 31 claims out of about 25,000 filed. Wamp told The Knoxville News Sentinel that he still believes that Oak Ridge workers would get federal benefits faster under improved management by the Energy Department. But he said, "I think their reputation in managing the program was damaged, maybe irreparably." The Senate voted earlier to put the Labor Department in charge. Wamp said he will support whatever compromise the House and Senate craft, although he remained concerned that getting the Labor Department ready could lead to further delays. Copyright 2004 The Courier-Journal. ***************************************************************** 56 Idaho Statesman: Downwinders to tell their tales, thanks to delegation 09-15-2004 Joe Jaszewski / The Idaho Statesman Sen. Mike Crapo, who has taken the lead in fighting for compensation for downwinders in Idaho, shakes hands with Sheri Garmon on Saturday at a town meeting in Emmett. Garmon has survived thyroid cancer, but now suffers from breast cancer, which spread to her bones and liver. She is responsible for getting the attention of Crapo and other politicians who now are focused on winning federal compensation for Idaho victims of fallout from nuclear bomb testing. Dan Popkey [dpopkey@idahostatesman.com] The Idaho Statesman | Edition Date: 09-15-2004 Idaho's downwinders will finally have the chance to tell their stories to the scientists that count, thanks to pressure from our congressional delegation. This is a key step toward Idahoans being included in a federal compensation program for cancer victims subjected to fallout from nuclear-bomb tests. The National Academies of Science said Tuesday it will come to Idaho to hear testimony, as scientists already did in Utah and Arizona. NAS will recommend whether to expand payments to cancer victims in Idaho and other areas. The news came five days after a delegation letter to NAS. Sen. Mike Crapo, who promised downwinders in Gem County on Saturday he would fight to include them in the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA), welcomed the news. "I applaud NAS for showing the resilience to be flexible enough to accommodate it because we need a venue for Idahoans to express their opinions," Crapo said. More than 400 written comments have been received from Idaho by the Board on Radiation Effects Research (BRER), an arm of the NAS. But NAS had resisted holding a fourth public meeting. NAS spokesman Bill Kearney said it's unclear whether the full committee preparing a report for Congress will come to Idaho. At the very minimum, Kearney said, Dr. Isaf Al-Nabulsi, director of the study, will hear testimony. She may be joined by Evan Douple, director of BRER, and some of the 10 members of the committee preparing the report. Sen. Larry Craig has personally asked Al-Nabulsi for two Idaho meetings, but Kearney said the decision on how many meetings will be held has not yet been made. RECA provides $50,000 "compassionate payments" to cancer victims in 21 counties in Utah, Nevada and Arizona who suffer from any one of 19 cancers. Sen. Orrin Hatch, R-Utah, author of the 1990 law, secured $1 million for the study with an eye to expanding compensation to more diseases and geographic areas. Hearings were held in St. George, Utah, and Window Rock, Ariz., the heart of the region where $360 million has been paid to victims and their survivors. Pressure from northern Utah, which is not covered, forced BRER to hold a third meeting in Salt Lake City in July. After that meeting, the issue exploded in Idaho, which suffered from some of the heaviest fallout from above-ground tests in Nevada between 1951 and 1962. Custer, Gem, Blaine, and Lemhi counties ranked second, third, fourth and fifth in the nation, respectively, in radioactive iodine-131 doses, according to a National Cancer Institute study published in 1997. The other 40 Idaho counties all got more iodine-131 radiation than some of the counties covered by RECA. The NAS is a private, non-profit research organization. Its report to the U.S. Health Resources Services Administration is due March 31. A final report is due to Congress by June 30. NAS is reviewing the most recent science on radiation exposure and associated cancers or other diseases. NAS will recommend to Congress whether to "include additional illnesses, geographic areas, or classes of individuals" as eligible for compensation under RECA. But Congress will decide whether to expand the law. Hatch has said he wants at least four more Utah counties included, and the Utah Legislature asked Congress to include the whole state. On Saturday, Crapo told downwinders that, at a minimum, Custer, Gem, Blaine and Lemhi counties ought to be added to RECA. Though he said the chances were slight for success before adjournment this year, he said he would look for opportunities to amend the law now. Crapo got out ahead of his colleagues with that promise. "I think that may have created a little bit of anxiety because that's not a very likely outcome," he told me Tuesday. "They may have felt I was creating an expectation of performance by the delegation that was not realistic." So Tuesday night, Crapo, Craig and Reps. Mike Simpson and C.L. "Butch" Otter met in Craig's secret "hideaway" office in the Capitol to discuss the issue. They did not emerge with a delegation position, but the good news is they appear to be working to advocate for Idahoans, as Hatch has for his constituents. Slipping in an Idaho amendment this year is a long shot, but the work being done now will be vital in 2005. Success requires unity. Craig's help is critical. He sits on the Judiciary Committee that Hatch chairs. And both he and Simpson are members of the Appropriations committees. All four Idahoans say they will fight for Idaho victims if the science warrants compensation. Now that they've gotten the attention of the scientists, the effort to win coverage for Idahoans has taken a big step forward. ***************************************************************** 57 AFP: UN to help Iraq clean up toxic pollution after conflicts [http://www.abcsolar.com/] [http://www.terradaily.com/] GENEVA (AFP) Sep 14, 2004 The UN environmental agency said Tuesday it would help Iraq clean up highly toxic pollution incurred in a decade of instability or conflict, including depleted uranium from bombing by US-led forces. The UN's Environment Programme (UNEP) will initially assess five priority environmental "hot spots", mainly industrial sites around Baghdad and Fallujah containing thousands of tonnes of toxic chemicals and pollutants that pose a direct threat to human health, officials said. They include 5,000 tonnes of spilled chemicals at the Al-Doura refinery and a seed store where 50 tonnes of seeds coated with methyl mercury fungicide were recently looted, raising the threat of contaminated food supplies. "We estimate that there are more than 300 sites in Iraq considered to be contaminated to various levels by a range of pollutants," said Klaus Toepfer, UNEP executive director. Toepfer said Iraq's new government had also asked for help to deal with depleted uranium (DU), used to reinforce armour-piercing shells and bombs of the kind deployed by US and British forces in successive conflicts in Iraq. "The request from the government of Iraq is to be available for other questions, this includes depleted uranium," Toepfer told journalists. DU dust has been blamed for causing severe illness long after ammunition explodes, and became the focus of a propaganda battle under Saddam Hussein's regime. Britain has handed over detailed maps of locations in southern Iraq where about 1.9 tonnes of DU was used in 2003 to help the clean-up, Toepfer said. "We did not get additional coordinates or information from the United States so far," Toepfer said. "We need the coordinates, otherwise a study or assessment is not possible," he added. Iraq's environment minister, Mishkat Moumin welcomed the planned long-term cooperation with UNEP on a clean-up, which is expected to take years. "My country is faced with a wide range of pressing issues that must be addressed if the Iraqi people are to enjoy a stable, healthy and prosperous future," she said in a statement UNEP official Pekka Haavisto said the environmental hot spots were a "very important threat" and involved spillages of huge quantities of sulphuric acid, tetra-ethyl lead and oil and other chemicals. The fungicide-contaminated seed stocks at Al-Suwaira were also shrouded in mystery. UNEP was told that contamination occurred in an unclear "poisoning incident" as far back as 1971-72, Haavisto said. All rights reserved. © 2004 [http://www.afp.com/] . Sections of the information displayed on this page (dispatches, photographs, ***************************************************************** 58 Las Vegas SUN: OPINION: Yucca project to fail regardless of politics Today: September 15, 2004 at 10:24:23 PDT By Brian Sandoval WEEKEND EDITION September 11 - 12, 2004 Brian Sandoval, a Republican, is attorney general of Nevada. It is unfortunate that the debate in Nevada over Yucca Mountain has drifted into election-year politics. Because, if you haven't noticed, Nevada has recently won several crucial legal battles, and, as a result, the project will soon collapse under its own ill-conceived weight. It will do so irrespective of politics. Allow me to summarize some of our successes. In July a federal appeals court ruled that the federal government had "unabashedly rejected" sound science in setting the radiation standards for the repository. It overturned the Environmental Protection Agency's rules for the repository, and it overturned the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's licensing rules for the project. Last week the full D.C. Court of Appeals denied the nuclear industry's petition for rehearing, voting 7-0. The mandate of the court will shortly take effect, with the result that the Yucca project will have no regulatory infrastructure. The rejected regulations took a decade to develop. That's not all Nevada won at the court of appeals. The court denied the federal government's claim that all environmental issues surrounding the project were moot, and invited Nevada to file as many environmental challenges as it wants. Last week I filed the first such lawsuit, contesting the transportation decisions made by the Energy Department, including its decision to construct in Nevada the longest new rail line in America in 80 years. It is important to note that many of the proposed waste shipments would go through Las Vegas. In Congress this summer, the efforts of Nevada's delegation apparently helped solidify an 85 percent slashing of the Yucca budget for the new fiscal year -- the critical year when the government was supposed to file an application for a construction permit. In federal court in Las Vegas this year, Nevada successfully preserved the state's claims against the federal government for the massive amounts of water Yucca will use. Without water, the project cannot even be constructed. In that same court, a powerful class action lawsuit is pending against Energy Department contractors who built the exploratory tunnels at Yucca, contending workers and visitors were grossly overexposed to toxic mineral dusts through corruption, fraud and concealment. Several workers are already dying, and liability to the project's builders and the Energy Department, which may have to indemnify them, may be enormous. And to build Yucca at least another hundred miles of tunnels will have to be dug. Who will dig them? The workforce no longer trusts the department. There's more. In the Energy Department's first-ever appearance before the Nuclear Regulatory Commission last month on issues concerning mismanagement of millions of Yucca documents, a three-judge Hearing Board granted every request by Nevada's attorneys. The board threw out the federal government's "certification of compliance" with applicable rules, which was supposed to have triggered a whole sequence of events to commence construction. Now it will take at least a year for the Energy Department to regroup. More important is the signal this case sent. After years of flouting and changing its own rules to cure its failures, the Energy Department now has to meet someone else's rules. Its first experiment was a disaster. Indeed, I'm told that the board's 61-page decision is the most scathing ever issued in an NRC licensing proceeding. Notwithstanding Nevada's victories and the federal government's failures, the Energy Department insists it will file a construction application for Yucca by the end of the year. If and when that application is ever docketed, Nevada will be ready to counter it with a full-court press in a three-year proceeding in Las Vegas. The state's technical experts and attorneys are preparing up to 200 scientific challenges. Of these, there are dozens which, taken alone, would kill the project if granted by NRC's judges. Many will depict glaring, embarrassing technical errors by the federal government, such as underestimating the probability of a volcano at Yucca by a factor of 10, or using the wrong water to test the corrosion of waste containers in the mountain. It is this proceeding that will, in fact, test the soundness of the science used at Yucca. We expect to prevail on the merits, and to do so resoundingly. Some in Nevada, prodded by nuclear industry lobbyists, have suggested the state should throw in the towel and negotiate for unspecified "benefits" from the federal government for hosting Yucca. But Nevada is winning this war. And those benefits, whatever they might be, will not make the repository safe. A state's first duty is to safeguard its citizens, and, as the attorney general of Nevada, I am convinced that the Yucca Project is unsafe. Therefore, I will exhaust every remedy at my disposal to defeat it. Nevada has recently enjoyed important legal victories, but it is incumbent upon everyone in this fight to remain steadfast in our commitment to work together and prove to the world that the project poses unacceptable risks to the health, safety and welfare of our citizens and the environment. The final battle over Yucca, at the NRC, will prove that a safe repository cannot be built in the porous volcanic rock that constitutes Yucca Mountain. If the project has not collapsed by then, this final battle will expose it for being the ill-considered project that it is. ***************************************************************** 59 Las Vegas SUN: Editorial: Yucca lawsuit well warrants strong action Today: September 15, 2004 at 9:49:12 PDT LAS VEGAS SUN A class-action lawsuit against nine Energy Department contractors that have performed work at Yucca Mountain is gathering momentum. The civil suit, first filed in March in Clark County District Court, claims that the contractors willfully exposed workers to toxic dust in order to meet deadlines. This week the suit was amended to add the names of two former industrial hygienists who worked for Yucca contractors. The two claim they were fired, one in 1996 and the other in 2002, after warning their separate employers about the toxic dust. The lawsuit was filed by the Washington-area law firm of Egan, Fitzpatrick, Malsh &Cynkar, the same firm Nevada has hired to lead the state's legal efforts against the opening of Yucca Mountain in Southern Nevada. The Bush administration and its Energy Department are pushing to open the mountain by 2010 as a burial vault for the nation's high-level nuclear waste. Joe Egan, the attorney handling the lawsuit, told the Sun that what has happened at Yucca Mountain since research and tunneling began there in 1992 is nothing short of an industrial disaster, one of the worst in U.S. history. "There are many people who will die prematurely as a result of this," Egan said. The suit says that as many as 1,500 workers may have been exposed to deadly dusts, including silica and erionite. It claims that the contractors "intentionally and fraudulently concealed the truth about the hazards at Yucca Mountain" and "placed a higher priority on ... deadlines than they did on human safety and health." The contractors deny the allegations. In August the Sun's Washington reporter, Suzanne Struglinski, uncovered memos and e-mails showing that the Energy Department knew about the danger of toxic dust at Yucca Mountain years before it warned the workers. The documents were among the papers the Energy Department has filed as part of its application to open Yucca Mountain. In January the Energy Department started a silicosis screening program for former contract workers, after acknowledging that dust protections, including proper respirators and ventilation, may not have been up to date or even enforced at Yucca from 1992 to 2000. Also adding to the lawsuit's momentum this week was Nevada Attorney General Brian Sandoval, who notified the Energy Department that he is considering criminal charges against the nine contractors. The lawsuit "raises grave issues of possible corruption, malfeasance and deliberate violations of law ..." Sandoval said in a letter to the Energy Department's inspector general. Sandoval is right to be monitoring this case and his strong warning is justified and welcomed. ***************************************************************** 60 Las Vegas SUN: Letter: GOP plays word games on Yucca During the Republican National Convention, party officials agreed upon their party platform, the basis from which their party positions derive. Once again they have tried to fool Nevadans with word games. In 2000 "sound science" were the words of choice to hide their true intentions on moving forward with Yucca Mountain. Now, rather than mentioning Yucca Mountain or Nevada by name, their platform states, "President Bush supports construction of new nuclear power plants through the Nuclear Power 2010 initiative, and continues to move forward on creating an environmentally sound nuclear waste repository." Don't fall victim to word games like "environmentally sound nuclear waste repository." They mean the unsafe Yucca Mountain site, which will put our families at risk if opened. SCOTT GARNCARZ ***************************************************************** 61 Las Vegas SUN: State protests limits on Yucca oversight By Benjamin Grove SUN WASHINGTON BUREAU WASHINGTON -- Nevada officials say the Energy Department is trying to limit the state's ability to oversee the department's efforts to make Yucca Mountain a nuclear dump. Nevada lawmakers today are drafting a letter to the Energy Department objecting to the department's stricter new interpretation of rules on how nine Nevada counties can spend federal money for Yucca oversight. Clark County Commission Chairman Chip Maxfield and Vice Chairwoman Myrna Williams also fired off a letter this week to Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham. The letter said that department staffers at an Aug. 27 meeting in Las Vegas explained to county officials that there may be new curbs on how the county could spend money analyzing the department's Yucca project. The letter asks Abraham to reconsider new limits. "The latest action by the DOE cuts deep into the (counties') ability to provide meaningful oversight of DOE activities at perhaps the most critical juncture in the Yucca Mountain program," the letter said. "This attempt to curtail (county) activities in the most critical program areas at a time when important decisions are being made should not be supported." Congress in recent years has given the state and nine counties money to oversee the federal project, a proposal to construct a national high-level nuclear waste dump 90 miles northwest of Las Vegas. Last fiscal year the counties received $7 million for oversight. This year they received $4 million, said Irene Navis, Clark County nuclear waste division manager. There are limits on how the money can be spent. The money cannot be used for lobbying or lawsuits against the project, for example. The Energy Department is simply following the federal law that limits the Yucca oversight spending, department spokesman Joe Davis said. But Nevada officials are concerned that department staffers have said they will now be using a strict new interpretation of the rules to enforce new limits on basic project oversight. Specifically, Nevada officials are concerned that the department will no longer allow them to spend their oversight money for certain kinds of research of a new Yucca document database called the License Support Network. They are also concerned that they would be limited in analyzing a proposed new nuclear waste rail route in Nevada. "We're prohibited from scoping out any of the transportation stuff," Williams said in an interview. Nevada lawmakers could introduce legislation to ease Energy Department restrictions on how the money is used, Reid spokeswoman Sharyn Stein said today. In the meantime, the lawmakers plan to send Abraham a letter of their own requesting a reconsideration of the rules. ***************************************************************** 62 Nevada Appeal: AG calls for investigation of Yucca construction hazards Geoff Dornan, [gdornan@nevadaappeal.com] September 15, 2004 Attorney General Brian Sandoval has called on the inspector general of the federal Department of Energy to investigate allegations of dangerous health violations during construction of Yucca Mountain. In a letter to Gregory Friedman of the DOE, Sandoval referred to a private lawsuit filed in Las Vegas on Sept. 1 charging that employees and visitors to Yucca Mountain were repeatedly exposed to dangerous levels of silica dust during construction of the Yucca tunnels. "I have reviewed the lawsuit and believe it raises grave issues of possible corruption, malfeasance, and deliberate violations of law by Department of Energy contractors who dug several miles of tunnels at the proposed Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository site, with the result that thousands of people working or visiting in the tunnels apparently were exposed to potentially life-threatening levels of silica and other carcinogenic dusts," the letter states. It says a number of those workers have already contracted silicosis - a progressive disease which eventually destroys the lungs. The lawsuit was filed on behalf of 10 former workers, but seeks status as a class- action suit on behalf of all workers exposed to dangerous levels of silica dust from 1992 through 2000. It also covers all visitors to the Yucca Mountain site who were exposed for more than two hours - potentially thousands of people. It names Bechtel Corp., TRW and several other contractors involved in constructing the site and drilling more than five miles of tunnels under Yucca Mountain, charging they "intentionally, deliberately, callously and/or with reckless disregard, exposed workers and visitors to known, highly carcinogenic airborne hazards." It says those contractors "fraudulently concealed the nature of such hazards and they took measures to deceive workers and visitors by hiding, doctoring or failing to accumulate key data on actual workplace conditions." The suit says those dangerous conditions were hidden until exposed publicly earlier this year. And during those years, the suit charges, contractors took extensive efforts, including threatening employees with the loss of their jobs, to conceal the dangerous levels of silica dust being generated in the tunnel drilling and ordering them to change their reports. It says the company repeatedly downplayed the dangers to workers and didn't provide proper respiratory gear and protective clothing during the drilling. Sandoval's letter says he was "particularly struck by the extensive number of documentary citations that were compiled in the complaint, most taken from the DOE or contractor records. "It clearly warrants a thorough investigation by your office, which I assume is already underway," the letter states. And it says the state will be closely following the matter to determine if state action is warranted. Contact Geoff Dornan at [nevadaappeal@sbcglobal.net] or 687-8750. All contents © Copyright 2004 nevadaappeal.com Nevada Appeal - 580 Mallory Way - Carson City, NV 89701 ***************************************************************** 63 CCDR: Citizens: Shut down Cotter 9-15-04 [Canon City Daily Record - Canon City and the Royal Gorge Region, Colorado] [http://www.canoncitydailyrecord.com] Application calls for processing uranium, importing waste Dennis Bloomquist Daily Record Staff Writer About 200 people filled the Washington Elementary School auditorium to convey one resoundingly clear message: close down Cotter Corp. and order immediate cleanup of the 46-year-old uranium mill site on the southwest corner of Cañon City. Tuesday night's meeting was exactly three months before the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment's deadline to issue Cotter's draft operating license. According to the requirements of Colorado House Bill 1358, the health department must issue the license by Dec. 14. However, none of the primary parties — Cotter Corp., the health department or concerned citizens — believes the draft license will end the debate. Steve Tarlton, leader of the health department's radiation management unit, said any concerned party would have the right to appeal the license — or sue. The draft-operating license could allow Cotter to engage in a wide range of activities, including processing of radioactive ores or direct disposal of radioactive wastes. Alternatively, the license could call for immediate closure of the facility. "We urge you to renew the license only for decommissioning of the plant and cleanup," said Dr. Curtis Harlow, who received applause when he read a resolution adopted this week by the Colorado Medical Society to urge the health department to deny importation of wastes from other states as "inappropriate and unsafe." The doctors' proclamation points out Cotter has been cited with more than 150 violations by the health department through 2003. The physicians oppose shipments of radioactive soils from Maywood, N.J., saying the new license calls for "a shift of function to waste disposal." Nobody spoke on behalf of the mill, though Cotter officials Richard Ziegler, Steve Landau, Pat Mutz and Phil Krauth were in attendance. About 600 acres in the mill area and current and former impoundment areas must be "cleansed" before Cotter could walk away from the facility, when the 2,500-acre compound would fall under the ownership of the U.S. Department of Energy. Also in attendance, though not on the dais, was Joe Schieffelin, Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division compliance program manager. He said Tarlton's department would produce the license, then pass it up the chain of command to Schieffelin, then to Gary Baughman, director of the Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division. Health department Executive Director Douglas Benevento will make the final decision on Cotter's license, Schieffelin said. Among the issues discussed by Tarlton were: — The health department is inspecting Cotter and conducting an on-site evaluation of its laboratory. — Cotter now is requesting separate closure of the impoundments, as was the plan in the 1995 license, rather than at once, as the current application originally requested. The cap over the tailings ponds will have a cover of vegetation, Tarlton said, which works better in arid climates, costs less and will simplify closure. Interim capping of the secondary impoundment, which is at capacity, is possible, he added. — Cotter will be required to characterize buildings, structures and windblown soils in the current and old mill areas, as well as pond areas, to update its risk assessment and mitigation strategies. The analysis is likely to be instrumental in determining the capacity of the primary impoundment, which in turn decides what activities Cotter can undertake under the new license. — Cotter in July submitted long-requested health and safety procedures, Tarlton said, and Friday gave its new cleanup plan for the Old Ponds area to the health department, replacing "additional cleanup plans that didn't work." Tony Belaski, a retired doctor, said decommissioning "is an uncontested fact that will happen at some time." He said the area over the primary impoundment will be a "90-acre off-limits dead zone that will be with us longer than the Egyptian pyramids — but I can guarantee it won't be a tourist site." Belaski urged the health department to minimize the size of the "footprint" of the mound that will encase the tailings, tainted soils, and rubble from the mill buildings to 150 acres or less, from the more than 600 acres currently targeted for remediation. "It's taken 50 years to get us into this mess, which will be with us for thousands of years," Belaski said. "Now, let's get it right." Numerous political candidates and officeholders called for immediate decommissioning, including independent Fremont County commission candidates Skip Moreau and Paul Kendall. Democrat Emily Tracy, running for Colorado House District 60 representative, said Gov. Bill Owens has exhibited a "distinct lack of interest in the welfare of Fremont County citizens." She pointed out that Sept. 21 will be the 20th anniversary of Cotter-Lincoln Park's listing as a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site. Mike Stiehl, the Republican nominee against Kendall in District 1, said tests must be conducted of the impoundments and Wolf Park mineshafts honeycombed beneath the Cotter compound. He said cleanup would result in many more jobs than the 37 on site at Cotter. A 147-acre radioactive cleanup in Durango resulted in 180 jobs and expenditure of $53 million over five years, he said. In Grand Junction, 114 acres were scoured over nine years, producing 800 jobs at a cost of over $450 million, he added. Cotter has conducted sporadic uranium processing, but for years has tested other processes, including zirconium milling. However, Cotter at the end of August announced that it intends to resume production of uranium yellowcake, which is further refined elsewhere for use as fuel in nuclear power plants. Cotter's license proposal includes the possibility of increasing its production from 5 percent to 85 percent of the nation's uranium yellowcake supply. Republican Ed Norden, Moreau's opponent in District 3, was "called out" by Kendall, and said, "I'm on the record that I do not think this community needs the negative impact of shipping waste from one Superfund site to another." He urged the health department to complete the cleanup of Lincoln Park — and stop the flow of 3.5 gpm of contaminated water — so the neighborhood can be delisted as a Superfund site. Joy Biederman, an attorney in California and Arizona, said she and her husband had unwittingly "moved into the middle of the Lincoln Park Superfund site," but will be moving back out by the end of the year. She said "an incredible place is being destroyed by one corporation, which is committing trespass by spewing contamination beyond Lincoln Park." Several former Cotter employees said they had serious health concerns: — Lara Smith took the microphone with her daughter, Lilly Rose, in her arms. She said she was pregnant with the now 2-year-old while she worked in the mill, which failed to monitor her radiation exposure. Smith recounted an incident in which workers were ordered to clean up beneath a large ore vat, and when the truck left a trail, were told to scrape the dirt up with shovels and disperse it into blustery wind. — Doug Day drew a standing ovation when he said he has 10 inches of medical files from Cotter-related maladies. He said he was operating a yellowcake dryer when an overhead feeder tube burst, immersing all but the top of his head, nose and mouth in uranium dust. Valerie Frenz, a registered nurse who is conducting a health survey through Colorado Citizens Against Toxic Waste, said an independent audit of Cotter's procedures exhibited "carelessness and a lack of common sense for the environment and the well-being of Cotter employees." Pending is a Cotter lawsuit against the health department asking immediate approval of shipments of radioactive soils from Maywood, N.J., as well as financial damages from the health department. Maywood is also a Superfund site. Cotter is seeking Allotment 1, the first 24,000 tons of about 470,000 tons of soil earmarked for removal from Maywood. Cotter won the bid for Allotment 1, which would pay about $60 million to the railroads and Cotter for transporting and storing the soils. Officials said Maywood wastes are between 1 percent to 10 percent as radioactive as the ores processed by Cotter. That dispute could be resolved in an Oct. 25 administrative hearing that could last as long as a week. Richard Dana, a retired judge with the Judicial Arbiter Group Inc., Denver, will hear the case. Dana heard an appeal of Cotter's 1995 license application, under which Cotter has continued to operate while its December 2000 application has been reviewed by the health department. Anyone interested in becoming a concerned party in the Oct. 25 hearing can contact the administrative law judge, as listed on the health department Web site, [http://www.cdphe.state.co.us] , Tarlton said. If the hearing fails to resolve the dispute, the case could be heard by Denver District Court judge Herbert Stern, who on June 29 issued a 10-day deadline for the health department to approve or deny the Maywood shipments. On July 9, the health department denied Cotter's request, spurring the suit and hearing. In its rejection of the Maywood soils, the health department cited questions about Cotter's ability to safely handle radioactive materials, and doubts about the capacity of the tailings impoundments. News and information is updated Monday - Friday at 5:00pm. Entire contents Copyright Ó 2004 Royal Gorge Publishing Corporation. All Rights Reserved. CUSTOMER SERVICE ***************************************************************** 64 Charleston.Net: Protest readied for weapons-grade plutonium shipment 09/15/04 BY BO PETERSEN Of The Post and Courier Staff Some 300 pounds of weapons-grade plutonium is on its way through the Charleston Naval Weapons Station to France, and two environmental groups plan a last-ditch protest against the shipment today. The plutonium powder was to be hauled by truck from Los Alamos, N.M. It will then be loaded on one of two armed freighters for transport and will be tested for possible use as MOX, or mixed oxide, fuel in nuclear reactors. The ships are expected to arrive in port today, said Tom Clements of Greenpeace International. Greenpeace has joined with a local group, Citizens Against Plutonium, to oppose the shipment because of environmental risks and possible terrorist threats. They plan a kayak and boat flotilla, and will fly kites reading "S-T-O-P P-L-U-T-O-N-I-U-M" as a demonstration from 5-8 p.m. today at Waterfront Park. The groups hope to stir public outrage "to close the harbor to plutonium shipments," said Merrill Chapman of Citizens Against Plutonium. The groups say the shipment poses large environmental risks -- representing enough plutonium to make 50 nuclear bombs or an untold number of "dirty" radioactivity-spreading bombs. They also fear possible sabotage or accidents with the containers. They say a formal threat assessment hasn't been done for the shipment but that there was an assessment done of the groups' protest. "That reflects their priorities," Clements said. "They're reversed." The groups also cited safety problems at the French facility and the threat of hurricanes. A federal spokesman said MOX fuel has been shipped to Europe and Japan for 15 years. "It's yet another example of these anti-nuclear groups throwing any argument they can against the nuclear non-proliferation agreement we have with our international partners," said Bryan Wilkes, a National Nuclear Security Administration spokesman. U.S. Rep. Ed Markey, who has questioned nuclear material transportation security in the past, contacted the Homeland Security office with his concerns. Markey, D-Mass., said in a statement that security measures around nuclear facilities and materials have long been "woefully inadequate." "We have learned from numerous intelligence sources and captured al-Qaida operatives that attacks on U.S. nuclear facilities or using nuclear materials are attractive targets for terrorists," he said. "My concern about this particular plutonium shipment is that the shipment will be vulnerable to attack or diversion, both in the U.S. and particularly in France, where security measures are even less stringent than they are here." In reply to a letter from Markey, a Homeland Security spokeswoman said the two transport ships will be escorted in and out of U.S. waters by a combination of Coast Guard cutters, boats, aircraft and "other law enforcement and Navy assets." "We are confident the material will be protected," Wilkes said, adding the ship and escort will be heavily armed with military backup throughout the route. A Coast Guard spokesman in Charleston said the port captain decided against closing the port to other traffic, but boaters should be aware that precautions, including a security zone, will be enforced around the vessels. "We have prepared extensively for this. A security plan is in place," said Lt. j.g. Robert Taylor, assistant operations officer with the Coast Guard Group in Charleston. "We're going to have a noticeable force in place to impede any attempt to interfere with or possibly do any harm to this shipment. We will be especially alert and vigilant during this shipment." Bo Petersen can be reached at (843)745-5852 or bopete@postandcourier.com. Copyright © 2004, The Post and Courier, All Rights Reserved. [webmaster@postandcourier.com] ***************************************************************** 65 TownOnline.com: Perchlorate FAQ: Wilmington Advocate - Local News Wednesday, September 15, 2004What is perchlorate? Perchlorate - CIO4 - is a salt that is naturally occurring and a man-made product. Production of ammonium perchlorate - which is the most commonly made perchlorate- began in the United States at the end of WWII. What is perchlorate used for? Perchlorate and other perchlorate salts are used in a wide range of industrial applications including fireworks, solid rocket fuel, matches, lubricating oils, nuclear reactors, air bags and fertilizers. Its most common use is in explosives and rocket propellant. How does it effect humans? Perchlorate effects the thyroid gland, which is responsible for controlling growth, development and metabolism. The compound prevents the thyroid from taking in iodide, found in salt and seafood, which the gland needs for the production of thyroid hormones. Effects of decreased thyroid activity can lead to fatigue, depression, anxiety and a diminished sex drive in adults and abnormal brain development in children. One study showed chronic lowering of thyroid hormones due to high perchlorate exposure could result in thyroid gland tumors. Who would be at greater risk of perchlorate? Pregnant and nursing women and children under the age of 12. Since thyroid hormones are required for prenatal and postnatal growth and development, it has long been recognized that thyroid deficiency in children could lead to mental retardation and other developmental disorders such as decreased learning capabilities. Iodide is also a concentrate in women's breasts and perchlorate could find its way into maternal milk. Individuals with a pre-existing thyroid problem, like hypothyroidism, should also avoid perchlorate. At what level is perchlorate dangerous? That is the $64,000 question. Despite nearly a decade of an ever increasing contamination, neither the federal or any state environmental agency can come up with a standard. Massachusetts has set a level of 1 part per billion for certain sensitive subgroups and 18 ppb for the rest of the population. Currently, the US EPA has set a public health goal at 1 parts per billion. California, which has the largest number of contaminated sites in the US, has adopted a temporary level of 6 ppb. The EPA is expected to finalize its draft health risk assessment and establish the final reference dose range by December. Is it possible for perchlorate to be in food? Tests show elevated levels of perchlorate in lettuce and vegetables that were irrigated by Colorado River as the plants take up, store, and concentrate the chemical. There is some question, however, as to how much you have to ingest before you are affected by the chemical. Are there any other locations of perchlorate contamination? In the past ten years, perchlorate has been detected in 20 states, effecting more than a 400 drinking water sources. By far, California is the state with the greatest contamination. The Golden State has 32 confirmed sites At only 12 of those sites, 563 drinking wells have been shut down. Nearby, Long Island, New York has eight sites. How does perchlorate get into the water system? As with most pollutants, perchlorate migrates into the soil and enters wells or will drain into bodies of water such as river or ponds. In California, most of the worse sites was where munitions were dumped into the soil or water sources. What contaminated Tewksbury's water supply? The DEP believes the contamination comes from the town's main water supply source, the Merrimack River. The 110-mile long river that rises in central New Hampshire. The rivers watershed includes 5,000 square miles with numerous tributaries including the Souhegan River in Merrimack N.H. and the Shawsheen River. Where and who polluted the Merrimack?? That remains a mystery. Currently officials from the Massachusetts DEP does not have a clear-cut culprit such as an industrial outlet that would be the prime place They are testing the river along several sites. Tests in both Lawrence, Andover, and Lowell have not detected the problem.. Are there other sites in Massachusetts where perchlorate has been detected? This year, the state's DEP discovered eight sites - from Mt Greylock to the Cape - effected by elevated levels of the chemical. Perchlorate was first discovered in the state at the Massachusetts Military Reservation (where Otis Air Force Base is located), which is also a hazardous waste site. Sources: US Food and Drug Adminstration, Environmental Working Group, California Department of Health Services © Copyright of CNC and Herald Interactive Advertising Systems, Inc. ***************************************************************** 66 TownOnline.com: River, plant eyed as perchlorate source By Bethan L. Jones/ Staff Writer Wednesday, September 8, 2004 The Concord River and the City of Lowell's Waste Water Treatment Plant are being eyed as the possible sources for perchlorate contamination in Tewksbury's water. The initial results from the state Department of Environmental Protection testing of sites along the Merrimack River on Aug. 24, including where the Concord and Merrimack converge, indicated perchlorate levels above the state sanctioned 1 part per billion coming from both the Concord River and the Lowell WWTP which are upstream from the Tewksbury water treatment plant intake. Tewksbury town officials, however, say the most recent tests are not conclusive enough. "We don't have the diagnostics of what's going on in the river," said David Cressman, Tewksbury town manager. One of the issues raised by the latest testing is the substantial increase of perchlorate in treated water. On Aug. 3, the first appearance of perchlorate in Tewksbury water, raw water from the Merrimack at the Tewksbury water treatment plant tested at .83 ppb. Finished water on the same day tested 1.35 ppb. The DEP and the town water treatment plant staff have said the water treatment process can remove up to half of the perchlorate. "It's one of the mysteries of the chemical," said Ed Coletta, spokesman for the state DEP, adding that very little is still known about the chemical compound, which is viewed as harmful to those in sensitive populations such as children under 12, pregnant or nursing mothers, and those with hypothyroidism as perchlorate affects the production of thyroid hormones. Coletta said the increase could be from the perchlorate becoming concentrated through the water purification process or produced by the disinfecting of the water. Cressman said part of the problem could be the testing. In Lowell, DEP waited 12 hours between draws, the amount of time it takes water to circulate through the water treatment system, thus testing approximately the same batch of water. In Tewksbury, where it takes between four to six hours for water to circulate through the plant, the water samples of both intake and output water were taken at the same time. To try and rectify the problem, Cressman asked Lewis Zediana, chief engineer at the Tewksbury water treatment plant, to pull water samples every two hours. Even with the 12 hour wait in Lowell, DEP results showed a consistent increase in perchlorate in the effluent water, a fact DEP is investigating. In response to the findings, the DEP has begun a third phase of testing, which will include sites along the Concord River. "We're very interested in the Concord," said Coletta, adding that an old Raytheon plant abuts the river in Billerica and Tewksbury that produced munitions at one time. Perchlorate is an ingredient for the production of explosives and war heads. The DEP will also be testing the Stony Brook in Westford, a town which has been struggling with perchlorate in water sources when it was discovered in very high numbers in an old quarry and in a private well. While Coletta said any link between the two is "highly improbable," they want to make sure they "rule everything out." While the DEP testing has yet to find a smoking gun, the state plans on enlisting the assistance of the US Geological Survey to determine the hydrology of the river. This testing, Coletta said, could take weeks or even months. Tewksbury has been continuing their own testing, at the cost of about $200 per test. They are now looking to the Environmental Protection Agency branch in Chelmsford to do some free testing in the hopes that the town work can expedite the process. "We're moving aggressively," said Cressman. The town has talked with DEP concerning changing the intake for the treatment plant. Tewksbury's, unlike any of the other four municipalities drawing from the Merrimack River, intake pipe sits at the bottom of river in the center. There is some thought the perchlorate may be relatively dense and sinking to the bottom, explaining why Tewksbury has levels above 1 ppb while Andover, Lowell, Lawrence, and Methuen have found no more than traces of perchlorate. To test this hypothesis, Tewksbury has asked the DEP to take samples at different depths rather than just surface water. Tewksbury is presently experiencing a voluntary water ban for people within the sensitive populations. Those individuals who are not under the age of 12, pregnant or nursing, or suffering from hypothyroidism can consume water up to 18 ppb. Perchlorate is a salt-like compound which affects the thyroid gland from producing correct hormones. Children who do not have correct thyroid hormone levels can experience mental retardation or other developmental problems, while adults may be unable to maintain energy or their metabolism. © Copyright of CNC and Herald Interactive Advertising Systems, ***************************************************************** 67 Pahrump Valley Times: Nevada files another Yucca project lawsuit September 15, 2004 By STEVE TETREAULT PVT WASHINGTON BUREAU WASHINGTON - Attorneys for Nevada opened a new front against the Yucca Mountain Project on Sept. 8, suing the Energy Department over its plans to ship nuclear waste on a railroad to be built through rural Nevada. DOE failed to perform adequate environmental studies before identifying a preferred 319-mile railroad corridor from Caliente to the Yucca site in Nye County, the state charged in a lawsuit filed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. Additionally, the state contended DOE unlawfully designated itself as the lead federal agency to develop the railroad when such powers reside with another agency, the Surface Transportation Board. That decision shut out independent regulators, the lawsuit said. A third issue in the 19-page filing says the department revived a backup strategy of loading railroad cars with nuclear waste casks designed to be carried by trucks, after initially rejecting the idea as being impractical and the most expensive, and "having the highest estimates of occupational health and public health and safety impacts." "It's uncanny how DOE manages to do precisely the wrong thing," Attorney General Brian Sandoval said. Rep. Shelley Berkley, D-Nev., said the state is exposing the Caliente rail line as a "billion dollar boondoggle." An Energy Department spokesman declined to comment on the lawsuit, which contains complaints that Nevada officials have raised since DOE began unveiling its Yucca transportation strategy last December. Answering the previous criticism, DOE officials have said their actions are legal and proper. The legal challenge to DOE's transportation plan is the eighth lawsuit the state has pressed against the proposed nuclear repository since the project began taking its current shape in 2001. Six of the cases were consolidated and heard by the court in January. In July, judges issued opinions on those cases, with the government prevailing on most but losing a key ruling against a radiation benchmark that is causing DOE and the Environmental Protection Agency to re-evaluate repository safety standards. A Nevada lawsuit filed in March over federal aid for the state to continue monitoring the Yucca program is scheduled to be heard in January. For comment or questions, please e-mail webmaster@pahrumpvalleytimes.com [webmaster@pahrumpvalleytimes.com] Copyright © Pahrump Valley Times, 1997 - 2004 ***************************************************************** 68 Las Vegas RJ: New DOE rules concern Clark County officials Wednesday, September 15, 2004 By STEVE TETREAULT STEPHENS WASHINGTON BUREAU WASHINGTON -- Clark County officials are up in arms over Energy Department guidelines that set new limits on how Nevada counties can spend federal aid to monitor the Yucca Mountain Project. The officials said the guidelines will restrict Nevada counties from raising concerns about nuclear waste transportation, including DOE plans to build a railroad from Caliente to the proposed Yucca repository site in Nye County. The new rules also would disallow use of federal money for counties to fully participate in Yucca Mountain licensing hearings, including placing their research on a document database operated by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission that had been allowed in previous years, they said. "This latest action by the DOE cuts deep into the (counties') ability to provide meaningful oversight of DOE activities at perhaps the most critical juncture in the Yucca Mountain program," Clark County commissioners Chip Maxfield and Myrna Williams said in a letter sent to Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham on Sept. 8. Maxfield and Williams asked Abraham to reconsider the guidelines. County officials also notified Nevada's federal lawmakers in hopes Congress will pass legislation this fall to reverse the rule, according to Irene Navis, manager of the Clark County nuclear waste division. The guidelines were distributed during an Aug. 27 meeting in Las Vegas involving DOE officials from Nevada and Washington and representatives of local governments who receive an annual government stipend to study potential repository impacts. Nine counties in Nevada and one in California have split $4 million in oversight funds this year, including $880,000 for Clark County. The counties are forbidden by law from spending any federal money to lobby on the Yucca project, to develop litigation or to build coalitions to oppose the program. Counties submit work plans for the DOE to review each summer. The Energy Department had no immediate comment on the letter to Abraham. Department spokesman Joe Davis said Congress sets rules for how counties can spend their oversight funds through annual spending bills. But Clark County officials said the DOE appeared to be applying a stricter interpretation of the law this year. Copyright Las Vegas Review-Journal ***************************************************************** 69 Tri-City Herald: Panel OKs $1 million for Hanford Reach visitors center This story was published Wednesday, September 15th, 2004 By Les Blumenthal Herald Washington, D.C., bureau WASHINGTON -- The Senate Appropriations Committee on Tuesday approved $1 million in funding to develop a visitors center at the new Hanford Reach National Monument. The funding was included in the Interior Appropriations bill the committee sent to the Senate floor. The House-passed version of the interior bill does not include funding for the center. "The center is key to our efforts to tell the long and varied history of the area and let visitors know of all the diverse recreational opportunities the greater area has to offer," said Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash., who is a member of the committee and was instrumental in passing the legislation creating the national monument. "I have worked with the community for 11 years on protecting the Hanford Reach area and look forward to the day we can cut the ribbon on this new center," she said. The funding would come from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which manages the monument. Earlier, Rep. Doc Hastings, R-Wash., was able to insert $1.57 million in funding for the visitors center into a House transportation bill authorizing highway and other programs over the next six years. But that bill is mired in controversy and its fate this session remains uncertain. "Doc's been working on this project for some time now and is supportive of funding for the visitors center whether it comes from the House or the Senate -- or a combination of both," said Jessica Gleason, a spokeswoman for the congressman. Local organizers have estimated the visitors center could ultimately cost between $14 million and $20 million. © 2004 Tri-City Herald, Associated Press &Other Wire Services ***************************************************************** 70 SF Chronicle: Four workers fired, one resigns in Los Alamos lab scandal MARY PEREA, Associated Press Writer Wednesday, September 15, 2004 (09-15) 17:51 PDT ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (AP) -- Four Los Alamos National Laboratory workers were fired and one will resign under pressure for their roles in a security and safety scandal at the lab, the lab's director said Wednesday. The fired workers were among 23 suspended this summer after two computer disks containing classified information went missing and an intern was injured in a laser accident. The discovery of the missing disks July 7 prompted a virtual shutdown of the nuclear lab, idling roughly 12,000 workers. A lab official originally said five workers were terminated, but a spokesman later clarified that by saying four employees were terminated and one "will resign in lieu of termination." Of the remaining 18 employees, seven were subject to other discipline such as demotion from management, salary reductions or written reprimands. One remains on investigatory leave. Ten will return to their positions with a finding of "no wrongdoing." "It's very important to get this behind us," Director Pete Nanos said in a phone interview with The Associated Press. Nanos spoke by cell phone from an airplane after meetings in Washington, D.C. Nanos declined to discuss specific cases of fired employees but said that some were dismissed for "not taking actions that you were supposed to take, or signing off on things that you hadn't done." Another employee had not taken appropriate precautions in a safety area. "We really did fit the punishment to the acts that were done," Nanos said. Three of the workers will leave the lab in connection with the missing computer disks; the other two were involved in an accident in which a laser injured an intern, he said. "These personnel actions touched all levels of employment, staff and management and varying levels of tenure," lab spokesman James Fallin said. He declined to be more specific about the lab departments or positions involved. Nanos also said the northern New Mexico lab has finished its investigation into the two missing disks, also known as "classified removable electronic media," or CREM. Information from the probe has been turned over to federal authorities. Nanos refused to release additional details. He said other agencies are still investigating. Nanos, who held a series of all-hands meetings with lab workers after the scandal broke, added that the "commitment of employees right now is extremely high." Fallin emphasized "that today's announcements provide very clear evidence that it's not business as usual at this laboratory. ... Accountability is the order of the day." The University of California operates the lab under a contract with the Energy Department. S. Robert Foley, the university's vice president for laboratory management, said the disciplinary action was important. "This action moves (the lab) one step closer to completing the restart of all activities," he said. Problems at Los Alamos have drawn criticism from Congress and senior officials at the Energy Department, putting in question the fate of the 61-year-old institution -- the birthplace of the atomic bomb. The Los Alamos management contract has been put up for bid for the first time in the lab's history. [graphical line] The San Francisco Chronicle ©2004 Associated Press ***************************************************************** 71 DOE: [Docket Nos. PL04-15-000, RM02-12-000, RM02-1-001, RM02-1-005] FR Doc E4-2190 [Federal Register: September 15, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 178)] [Notices] [Page 55609-55610] From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr15se04-40] Interconnection for Wind Energy and Other Alternative Technologies; Standardization of Small Generator Interconnection Agreements and Procedures; Standardizing Generator Interconnection Agreements and Procedures; Supplemental Notice of Technical Conference September 8, 2004. In a Notice of Technical Conference issued August 27, 2004, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission announced that it would host a technical conference on Friday, September 24, 2004 to discuss a petition for rulemaking submitted by the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) related to the adoption of certain requirements for the interconnection of large wind generators. The AWEA petition is available at: http://www.ferc.gov/industries/electric/indus-act/gi/wind/AWEA.pd f [http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/leaving.cgi?from=leaving FR.html&log=linklog&to=http://www.ferc.gov/industries/electric/in dus-act/gi/wind/AWEA.pdf] . The purpose of this Supplemental Notice of Technical Conference is to provide more detail to interested [[Page 55610]] parties, and those who may wish to request to speak, regarding the issues that will be discussed at the Technical Conference. Commission Staff is interested in speakers who can discuss wind and other technologies that may require special interconnections due to the method in which they add electricity to the grid. Staff has prepared a list of potential topics, questions and issues that may be addressed by speakers at the conference, to aid interested parties and speakers in determining whether they will attend and/or submit a request to speak. While additional items may still be addressed at the conference, the topics, questions and issues Staff has identified to date include: I. Should There be Special Interconnection Requirements for Wind Generators, or Should These Interconnections be Governed by the Requirements of Order No. 2003 and Order No. 2003-A? a. How are wind technologies different? b. What is meant by low voltage ride-through capability? How does it work? c. Is a low voltage ride-through standard necessary for the interconnection of wind generators? Why or why not? d. Do intermittent generators need special interconnection requirements? e. Are wind generators able to provide reactive power? Should they be required to provide reactive power? f. Should wind generators be exempted from the power factor design criteria set forth in Order No. 2003-A. Yes or No, and discussion of why. g. Are there other technologies that also need special interconnection requirements like wind? What technologies? Why? h. Should wind technologies be exempted from having to file the full engineering and system design information at the time of the interconnection request? i. What is the experience of transmission providers and State regulatory agencies with interconnecting wind and other such technologies? II. How Should Any Special Interconnection Requirements be Related to the Size of the Wind Facility? a. Should there be special requirements for large wind farms? For example, should large wind facilities be required to determine SCADA (system control and data acquisition) equipment prior to the interconnection studies? b. What SCADA information is required? c. How do these requirements vary with the size of the wind facility? d. Are any special interconnection requirements also necessary for small (under 20 MW) wind facilities? III. What, if Any, are the Reliability and Safety Implications of the AWEA Proposal? IV. Are Special Standards Needed for Wind Interconnection Studies? a. Are wind and other such technologies properly represented in the current engineering models used in interconnection system impact studies? b. Is any special generating or system design information or models needed to conduct interconnection studies? As noted in the earlier notice, the conference will be held at the Commission's Washington, DC headquarters, 888 First St., NE., 20426. The event is scheduled to begin at 10:30 a.m. and end at approximately 4:30 p.m. (Eastern Time) in the Commission Meeting Room, Room 2-C. The conference is open for the public to attend, and registration is not required; however, in-person attendees are asked to register for the conference on-line by close of business on Wednesday, September 22, 2004 at http://www.ferc.gov/whats-new/registration/wind-0924-form.asp [http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/leaving.cgi?from=leaving FR.html&log=linklog&to=http://www.ferc.gov/whats-new/registration /wind-0924-form.asp] . Parties interested in speaking at the conference should file their requests to speak no later than close of business on September 10, 2004. An on-line form requesting to speak is available at: http://www.ferc.gov/whats-new/registration/speaker-form.asp [http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/leaving.cgi?from=leaving FR.html&log=linklog&to=http://www.ferc.gov/whats-new/registration /speaker-form.asp] . Transcripts of the conference will be immediately available from Ace Reporting Company (202-347-3700 or 1-800-336-6646) for a fee. They will be available for the public on the Commission's eLibrary system seven calendar days after FERC receives the transcript. Additionally, Capitol Connection offers the opportunity for remote listening and viewing of the conference. It is available for a fee, live over the Internet, by phone or via satellite. Persons interested in receiving the broadcast, or who need information on making arrangements should contact David Reininger or Julia Morelli at the Capitol Connection (703-993-3100) as soon as possible or visit the Capitol Connection Web site at http://www.capitolconnection.gmu.edu [http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/leaving.cgi?from=leaving FR.html&log=linklog&to=http://www.capitolconnection.gmu.edu] and click on ``FERC.'' For more information about the conference, please contact Bruce Poole at 202-502-8468 or at bruce.poole@ferc.gov [bruce.poole@ferc.gov] . Magalie R. Salas, Secretary. [FR Doc. E4-2190 Filed 9-14-04; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6717-01-P ***************************************************************** 72 Daily Camera: Flats analyzing buffer zone hot spot Mailing address: Broomfield Enterprise 1006 Depot Hill Road, Suite G Broomfield, CO 80020 EPA will conduct further testing By Alisha Jeter, Enterprise Staff Writer September 15, 2004 Officials overseeing scientific sampling in the Rocky Flats buffer zone are trying to determine the source of higher-than-typical trace plutonium. The nearly 6,000-acre buffer zone has been generally regarded as a clean area, absent of radiological materials routinely used at the former nuclear munitions trigger-making operation once located on the 300-acre core the buffer surrounds. Samples of dirt taken in March as part of an overall sampling of the buffer zone pointed to a hot spot near Colo. 128 on the site's northern border. The area yielded a reading of 7.25 picocuries of plutonium per gram of soil — or about 100 times the typical level of 0.066 picocuries per gram for the site. A picocurie is a measurement of radioactivity. The reading does not, however, exceed the 50 picocuries per gram regulatory limit for Rocky Flats. The sample was analyzed a second time upon receipt of the original results by the lab engaged by clean-up contractor Kaiser-Hill and the reading dropped to 2.56 picocuries per gram of dirt. Kaiser-Hill officials attributed the range in readings to the nature of the test. Within each 30-acre grid, five samples are taken and consolidated to produce a composite result for the grid, officials said. The 30-acre grid area from which the sample was taken is one of about 115 areas mapped across the buffer zone using geographic information systems technology, said Lee Norland, Kaiser-Hill Co. manager of data and documentation for sampling and close-out for the site's comprehensive risk assessment. All of the other cells reported readings within expected ranges, Norland said. He discussed the hot spot Monday with the Rocky Flats Coalition of Local Governments, which includes leaders from communities around the site just south of Broomfield. Additional analysis is ongoing to determine whether the contamination is particular to one spot or spread throughout the grid area. New samples were taken Thursday and data is expected within about a month, Norland said. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency will conduct sampling next week within the same areas sampled by Kaiser-Hill crews, said Mark Aguilar, Rocky Flats project coordinator for the Denver regional EPA office. Jane Uitti, a policy analyst for the Boulder County Commissioners and a member of the coalition of local governments, expressed concern about the hot spot's proximity to Boulder County land, particularly the Coalton Trail . She said she'll be interested to see where the contamination lies, once the additional sampling data is in. "We would have significant concerns about what is over there," Uitti said. [http://www.scripps.com] Copyright 2004, The Daily Camera ***************************************************************** 73 State Dept: U.S., IAEA Program Promotes Nuclear Plant Safety [http://www.state.gov] Engineers at the U.S. Department of Energy Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), along with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), have produced a computerized training program that could help prevent an accident like the 1986 disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, according to a September 13 INEEL press release. The training module is a customization of RELAP5-3D -- a computer code developed at INEEL to simulate possible accidents in water-cooled nuclear reactors -- that focuses on the safety needs of many countries such as Russia, Slovakia and Lithuania. "We've participated with many countries in Central and Eastern Europe to provide them with training that has contributed significantly to the growth of safety in their nuclear reactors," said Mike Modro of INEEL. "We've shared our training, and now they are establishing independent safety thinking at the power plants in those countries." RELAP5-3D simulates reactor emergencies and is used to analyze accidents in water-cooled nuclear power plants and related systems. The code can be applied to a full range of postulated reactor accidents and can assess safety needs before the reactor is built. The training module, made up of 5 digital video discs (DVDs), includes audio and visual presentations of RELAP5-3D training materials. The materials have been translated into Russian. Using the DVDs and the Internet, small numbers of students at different locations can receive RELAP5-3D training without the expense of holding a large training class at a single location. Text of the INEEL press release follows: Department of Energy Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Press release, September 13, 2004 INEEL assists in international effort to increase nuclear plant safety Engineers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency, are promoting nuclear reactor safety worldwide. One tool these engineers are using in their effort is a computerized training program that could help prevent an accident like Chernobyl. The training module is a customization of RELAP5-3D that focuses on the safety needs of many countries, such as Russia, Slovakia and Lithuania. "We've participated with many countries in Central and Eastern Europe to provide them with training that has contributed significantly to the growth of safety in their nuclear reactors," said Mike Modro of the INEEL. "We've shared our training, and now they are establishing independent safety thinking at the power plants in those countries." RELAP5-3D is a computer code developed at the INEEL to create computer models of water-cooled nuclear reactors. Simulating emergencies a reactor might experience, RELAP5-3D is used for the analysis of accidents in water-cooled nuclear power plants and related systems. The code can be applied to a full range of postulated reactor accidents and can assess safety needs, even before the reactor is built. The five-DVD set contains the audio and visual portions of a 10-part, 78-session slide presentation of RELAP5-3D training materials. These materials describe the code models, input and applications, and include sample problems and example accident simulations. The recordings were developed as part of the Integrated Training and Accident Analysis System developed for the Kursk 1 Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), an RBMK-1000 reactor, which is the same design as the reactor at Chernobyl. A unique aspect of the training DVD is the Russian translation. Paul Bayless, an engineer at the INEEL, spent two weeks in July 2003 at the IAEA in Vienna recording the training. He said, "One of the more challenging aspects of making the recordings was not having any students to interact with; it was just me and a Slovak cameraman who spoke very little English." In November 2003, the INEEL's Jim Fisher recorded additional materials specific to the Kursk 1 plant during a training class conducted for the plant engineering staff in Kurchatov, Russian Federation. The Russian translation is by Olga Poliakova from the Voronezh NPP, Russian Federation. The INEEL plans to use the DVDs as part of its RELAP5-3D training courses. Using the DVDs and the Internet, small numbers of students at different locations can receive RELAP5-3D training without the expense of holding a large training class at a single location. Operating on a personal computer, the DVDs allow students to select which parts of the training they would like to work on at any particular time. The individual presentations are assigned proficiency levels (beginner, intermediate, or advanced) based on the user's familiarity with the code. Recommended sequences of presentations are also included for specific subject areas or code user proficiencies. Anyone interested in obtaining RELAP5-3D training can contact Gary Johnsen at the INEEL at (208) 526-9854 or by e-mail at gwj@inel.gov. The INEEL is a science-based, multiprogram national laboratory dedicated to advancing the U.S. Department of Energy's strategic goals in the areas of environment, energy, science and national security. It is the home of science and engineering solutions and is operated for the DOE by Bechtel BWXT Idaho, LLC. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory INEEL (http://www.inel.gov) INEEL Newsdesk Home (http://newsdesk.inel.gov) [http://usinfo.state.gov/about/private.htm] | WEBMASTER [Embassy of the United States] ***************************************************************** NOTE: In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107 this material is distributed without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving this information for non-profit research and educational purposes only. For more information go to: *****************************************************************