***************************************************************** 08/30/04 **** RADIATION BULLETIN(RADBULL) **** VOL 12.207 ***************************************************************** RADBULL IS PRODUCED BY THE ABALONE ALLIANCE CLEARINGHOUSE ***************************************************************** Send News Stories to news@energy-net.org with title on subject line and first line of body NUCLEAR POLICY 1 Korea: Digital Chosunilbo: Six-party Nuclear Talks Likely to be Held 2 US: Indy Star: Lugar is away on nuclear business 3 Guardian Unlimited: U.N.: Origin of Libya Nuke Info Unclear 4 Scoop: Labour pro-nuke-move - Clark will not be amused NUCLEAR REACTORS 5 Mainichi Interactive: Nuclear water leak delays plant reopening 6 STUFF: Clark slams Christchurch nuclear investigation 7 midday multimedia: Tarapur nuke plant bags national award 8 canadaeast.com: Nuclear upgrade a tough decision 9 US: toledoblade.com: Nuclear plant layoffs revive fatigue fears 10 Scoop: WEcan Staggered by ECan's Nuke Proposal 11 US: NRC: NRC to Meet with Local Residents Tuesday in Sioux Falls to 12 US: NRC: Notice of License Termination for the Babcock and Wilcox NUCLEAR SAFETY 13 [du-list] RRW from Desert Storm - and the rest 14 [NukeNet] Nuclear Weapons & DU Illegal On Several Counts: Re: 15 US: [du-list] Pentagon Brass Rattled by Uranium Munitions article 16 US: [du-list] PSR issue brief on DU 17 Bellona: Sevmash completed hull construction of Alexander Nevsky nuc 18 nzcity: Second nuclear monitoring station for Pacific 19 US: Hawk Eye: IAAP Group Infobox 30 20 US: Hawk Eye: Claims seekers join advocacy group 21 US: Gallup Independent: RECA Compensation Tied to Skin Tone? NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE 22 Las Vegas SUN: Nader denounces gaming, Yucca during stop 23 RGJ: Yucca Mountain fight not over yet 24 RGJ: Poll shows Yucca issue is key for Nevadans 25 Salt Lake Tribune: Is GOP's Western strength fading? 26 Guardian Unlimited: Ministers break promises over nuclear waste 27 US: Press & Dakotan: NewsXcel Seeks To Decommission Nuclear Plant 28 AU ABC: Nuclear waste dump to become election issue. 29 US: The Australian: Problems at uranium mine - report 30 AFP: Radioactive leak pollutes German river 31 Las Vegas SUN: Poll shows Yucca Mountain on minds of Nevada voters NUCLEAR WEAPONS US DEPT. OF ENERGY 32 Tri-City Herald: Opinions Tanks a lot 33 Tri-City Herald: Hanford fire chief to retire 34 lamonitor.com: Life at the lab settling down OTHER NUCLEAR 35 Secrecy News -- 08/30/04 36 [du-list] du in the news - 30 Aug 04 37 Google News Alert - nuclear ***************************************************************** ***************************************************************** FULL NEWS STORIES ***************************************************************** ***************************************************************** 1 Korea: Digital Chosunilbo: Six-party Nuclear Talks Likely to be Held in September Updated Aug.30,2004 13:54 KST The South Korean ambassador to the United States says the next round of multilateral talks aimed at resolving the North Korean nuclear impasse will likely happen in September. Speaking at a seminar held in New Jersey Saturday, Ambassador Han Seung-joo said, however, that he is not sure whether there will be any tangible progress at the six-nation talks involving the two Koreas, the United States, Japan, China and Russia. The Korean diplomat explained that the participating countries are facing difficulties in preparing for the fourth round, amid speculation that North Korea is trying to delay the negotiations until after the U.S. presidential election in November. Ambassador Han's remarks followed recent comments by North Korea, that it has no plans to participate in what it calls a "hastily proposed meeting by the United States." ***************************************************************** 2 Indy Star: Lugar is away on nuclear business [http://www.indystar.com] By Maureen GroppeGannett News Service August 30, 2004 NEW YORK -- While the Republican Party builds its case this week for re-electing President Bush as a wartime president, Indiana's top Republican will be more than 5,000 miles away from his party's convention, conducting his own fight on terrorism. Indiana Sen. Richard Lugar is spending the week in the former Soviet Union, overseeing aspects of the program he helped create to secure or destroy weapons of mass destruction. His activities include a groundbreaking in Tiblisi, Georgia, for a storage facility for biological pathogens. He also will visit storage sites in Ukraine and meet with various foreign officials. Spokesman Andy Fisher said Lugar often works on the Nunn-Lugar Nuclear Cooperative Threat Reduction Program in August. Lugar isn't the only Republican member of Indiana's congressional delegation sitting out the convention entirely or in part. Rep. Mark Souder "usually doesn't go to them," said Martin Green, spokesman for the Fort Wayne Republican. "While he enjoys politics, he already gets plenty of it in Washington, D.C." Rep. Chris Chocola, R-Bristol, is arriving at the end of the week, in time for Bush's acceptance speech Thursday. Rep. Steve Buyer, whose wife is a delegate, plans to attend the convention every night, according to his spokeswoman. Rep. Mike Pence. R-Columbus, will hang out with the Indiana delegation and speak at an event hosted by the Club for Growth, an anti-tax, pro-business group. Rep. John Hostettler, R-Wadesville, and Rep. Dan Burton, R-Indianapolis, didn't return calls asking if they'd be at the convention. [http://www.indystar.com/space/] ***************************************************************** 3 Guardian Unlimited: U.N.: Origin of Libya Nuke Info Unclear From the Associated Press [UP] Monday August 30, 2004 11:46 PM AP Photo NY121 By GEORGE JAHN Associated Press Writer VIENNA, Austria (AP) - Some nuclear technology ordered by Libya for its former weapons program is missing, while the origin of other material is unclear, the U.N. nuclear watchdog said Monday, raising concerns about where the equipment is and whether North Korea could have been a provider. The IAEA findings on Libya's now dismantled nuclear weapons program were circulated to diplomats in a confidential report obtained by The Associated Press ahead of a meeting of the agency's board of governors. That meeting, which starts Sept. 13, will review the progress of IAEA investigations into secret nuclear activities by Libya and Iran. The Iran report is expected to be released to diplomats in the next few days. While Iran denies accusations by the United States and others that its nuclear program is geared toward making weapons, Libya went public about its weapons programs in December and pledged to scrap them. In the report Monday, the agency credited Libya with cooperation in efforts to get to the bottom of its activities, but said some questions remained. Among them was the issue of some ``enrichment technology'' that was missing after Libya ordered but never received it. The report also said the origin of two cylinders of uranium hexafluoride remains unknown. The material is introduced into centrifuges and spun to enrich it. Uranium enriched to 90 percent or above is considered weapons grade and is used in the manufacture of warheads. The report confirmed that uranium hexafluoride was bought in 2000 ``from a foreign supplier,'' but came to no conclusion of where the substance originated from. A senior diplomat familiar with the Libyan investigation said the agency remained uncertain about whether the uranium hexafluoride was purchased on the black market from Pakistan or North Korea. While Pakistan was the source of much of the enrichment technology peddled by the black market network of Pakistani scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan, North Korea has also been mentioned previously by experts and diplomats as a possible source for Libya's uranium hexafluoride. North Korea admitted in 2002 to running a secret nuclear program in violation of international agreements. The isolated communist nation subsequently broke all agreements with the IAEA that had allowed outside monitoring of some of its programs. On the missing equipment, the report said investigations continue on enrichment technology ``destined for Libya ... (that) never arrived.'' It did not say what the material was. The diplomat, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said the investigations focused on whether the equipment ``ended up in the hands of another country or it's sitting on a dock somewhere and was never shipped.'' ``This is one of the big questions,'' said the diplomat. ``Where did the other stuff go?'' While the agency has not found any indications that weapons-related technology has been sold by the nuclear network to terrorists, another diplomat said nothing could be discounted until all shipments sold on the black market had been accounted for. The report also noted Libya's assertion that it never acted to develop a nuclear warhead based on blueprints found in its possession. But the report suggested the agency could not test that claim until ``the provider of the weapon design'' and contractors who helped Libya develop its nuclear technology came forward with more information. Diplomats and experts have said the blueprints are of Chinese design and sold by the Khan network The senior diplomat said that, without such help, the agency cannot tell if the blueprints were passed on to others interested in developing a clandestine weapons program. On the Net: International Atomic Energy Agency: www.iaea.org Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2004 ***************************************************************** 4 Scoop: Labour pro-nuke-move - Clark will not be amused [http://www.scoop.co.nz/] Monday, 30 August 2004, 2:52 pm Press Release: Green Party Clark will not be amused by local Labour pro-nuclear move Christchurch-based Green Co-Leader Rod Donald said today that Cantabrians do not want to become the Chernobyl of the South Pacific. Environment Canterbury (ECan) regional councillors voted last night to consider nuclear power as part of planned debates and workshops on energy options for the region. “Nuclear power is an absolute no-brainer for Canterbury and New Zealand,” said Mr Donald. “Even the prospect of a nuclear power plant will immediately undermine our clean green image, to the detriment of tourism industry and primary produce exports. “It is particularly offensive for Labour Party member Dr Ian Robertson, the mover of the motion, to suggest that the Chernobyl disaster did not kill ‘a great number’ of people. Reputable independent studies show that eight thousand clean-up workers died within five years, that there has since been a 12-fold increase in thyroid cancer among Belorussian women and a marked increase in leukaemia across Europe among children who were in the womb at the time. In terms of casualties, Chernobyl was a bigger tragedy than September 11. “I find it disturbing that otherwise intelligent councillors have voted to investigate nuclear power. It is particularly surprising that two Labour Party councillors who are seeking re-election, Richard Budd and Sir Kerry Burke, have supported this motion that contradicts their ‘2021’ coalition’s vision statement. Helen Clark will not be amused. “In his reference to ‘Greenpeace experts’, Robertson also misrepresents James Lovelock. The originator of the Gaia theory did recently suggest that nuclear power could be a solution to climate change, but in a subsequent interview on National Radio he specifically exempted New Zealand from his call because of our abundance of renewable energy sources. “Instead of peering down the nuclear dead-end and contemplating futuristic ideas like hydrogen-powered cars, ECan should be focusing its efforts on developing sustainable public transport in Christchurch involving established technologies, such as light rail, and addressing energy demand by promoting insulation, solar water heating and peak demand management. “Quite apart from the safety issues, nuclear power would not fit into New Zealand’s energy system because nuclear plants generate single, large ‘bundles’ of electricity. A nuclear plant therefore risks blackouts because NZ’s system is not big enough to provide instant back up when the frequent shutdowns occur. It would also be uneconomic because the necessary anti-terrorism security, safety monitoring, community evacuation plans and fuel disposal costs would not be spread across several facilities, as is the case in Europe and America,” said Mr Donald. Home Page [http://www.scoop.co.nz/welcome.htm] | Parliament Copyright (c) Scoop Media Scoop [http://www.scoop.co.nz] For: - NZ Business News ***************************************************************** 5 Mainichi Interactive: Nuclear water leak delays plant reopening ONAGAWA, Miyagi -- A water leak found at a nuclear power station has forced Tohoku Electric Power Co. to delay the scheduled reopening of the plant, officials at the firm said. Workers reportedly found the leak in the feedwater heater of the No. 3 reactor at the Onagawa Nuclear Power Station in Miyagi Prefecture during a check on Sunday. The plant, whose power generation operations have been suspended while inspections are carried out, was scheduled to begin operating again as early as Sunday, but officials said they had put off the reopening after finding the leak. The leaked water was not radioactive and there was no chance of radiation leaking outside the plant, officials said. The feedwater heater warms up water sent to the reactor with steam from a turbine, increasing the reactor's efficiency. (Mainichi Shimbun, Japan, Aug. 30, 2004) © 2004 The Mainichi Newspapers Co. ***************************************************************** 6 STUFF: Clark slams Christchurch nuclear investigation Tuesday, 31 August 2004 BREAKING NEWS [http://www.stuff.co.nz] © Fairfax New Zealand Limited [http://www.fairfaxnz.co.nz] Environment Canterbury's (ECan) decision to debate the potential use of nuclear power has been dismissed as waste of time by Prime Minister Helen Clark. At an ECan meeting, regional councillors voted eight to five in favour of public debate, meetings and workshops on sources of energy including nuclear power. Miss Clark did not think it was a useful exercise as most New Zealanders had "huge issues" with nuclear power, particularly about the disposal of nuclear waste. "I wouldn't have thought it was a particularly fruitful use of their time," Miss Clark said of the nuclear debate. The idea of a nuclear power station in New Zealand was so "remote" that she had not studied what could be done to prevent it, Miss Clark said. However she was certain Government could block such a proposal. ECan councillor Ian Robertson has said debate was needed. Dr Robertson, a Labour Party member, said there was "very little sense talked about energy". He told reporters that distrust of nuclear power was "religious dogma" and it was "highly likely" that New Zealand would be using it in 10 years' time. "It is not nearly as dangerous as it is made out to be. You can make a case for saying it's the greenest thing there is." The cost of building a nuclear power plant in New Zealand has been estimated at $2 billion. Energy Minister Pete Hodgson has said ECan could debate nuclear energy, but the Government already knew it was not viable. ***************************************************************** 7 midday multimedia: Tarapur nuke plant bags national award | [http://bigbreak.mid-day.com] By: Ram Parmar August 30, 2004 Palghar: India’s first nuclear power plant — the 2x250MWe Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS) — was given the national award for its excellent performance in power generation during the past four financial years. The award was given by President A P J Kalam last week. TAPS was constructed in 1969, and is managed by the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), New Delhi. Till date, plants one and two have generated around 67 billion units of energy and the power is shared by the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra. “It supplies power at the cheapest tariff of Rs 1.03 per kwh, as compared to the other thermal power stations in the country,” said S C Katiyar, Station Director, TAPS. The plant was awarded the ISO 14001 certification from the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board and National Safety Council of the Government of India in January. The World Association of Nuclear Operators, visited the TAPS plant and adopted its power generation activities, to be practiced in other nuke plants worldwide. Meanwhile, plants three and four, which are under construction, will be active by December 2005. “This is a step towards the national target of generating 20,000 MWe by 2020”, said Katiyar. © 2003 [http://www.middaymultimedia.com/] All rights ***************************************************************** 8 canadaeast.com: Nuclear upgrade a tough decision August 30, 2004 Energy minister says unbiased decision difficult considering number of opinions involved DANIEL McHARDIE Times &Transcript Staff FREDERICTON - The fate of New Brunswick's nuclear era is ticking down as the Conservative government and NB Power are feverishly working through the recommendations given by a high-profile consultant before deciding this fall whether to mothball the Point Lepreau station. The recommendations from Robin Jeffrey, the former British Energy chairman, gave tight timelines for both parties to determine if the province should go forward with the $1.2-billion refurbishment project. Energy Minister Bruce Fitch, the government's point-man on the nuclear file, admitted it's a difficult balancing act in trying to satisfy the vociferous interest groups on both sides of the issue. "Yes there are groups that have come out in favour and groups come out against the project and that is why our department, the utility is working diligently to make sure we have all the information available to us to make the best decision for the taxpayer and the ratepayer," Fitch said. Jeffrey handed down a dozen recommendations in April and the vast majority are being dealt with right now. NB Power is in talks with Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. to renegotiate the proposed agreements to refurbish the aging nuclear reactor. NB Power is confident the discussions with AECL will be wrapped up in time for the government to consider when making its decision in the fall. The energy minister said he cannot comment on the specifics on renegotiations to whittle down the $1.2-billion price tag because it is in the hands of NB Power. Fitch said he's been given regular updates by David Hay, the president and chief executive officer of NB Power, and he believes the utility is working aggressively on the various recommendations Jeffrey doled out to the corporation. Earlier last week, both the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers and the opposition Liberals came out in support of the retrofit. On the other side, environmentalists and some energy experts have panned the proposal for various reasons.With so many divergent opinions, Fitch said he will not offer his views until he is ready to make a final decision by the year's end. "I can't give too many specifics, but all areas of the report are being worked on," he said, noting that it is a major decision and wants to be "as unbiased as I can." NB Power is also mulling over a proposal that would look at ways to find alternate means for 635-megawatts of energy if Atlantic Canada's only nuclear power plant was shut down. Both the generation and distribution business units at NB Power are working on an engineering, cost analysis, procurement plan and fuel-cost analysis on finding replacement power. The Point Lepreau decision is coming just as the energy department and the utility are ramping up several different initiatives that could lessen the need for in-province generation. The Independent System Operator-New England gave its approval to pay the approximately $110 million it will cost to build a second international power line connecting New Brunswick to Maine. NB Power has won the backing of the Maritime provinces for the power line to help avert the pending power shortage. The region is facing a shortfall of 240 megawatts of electricity by 2007-2008 and 407 megawatts by 2010-2011, even when including recently approved generation projects. The shortage skyrockets to 1,042 megawatts if the Point Lepreau nuclear station is not refurbished. The Conservative government is also pushing forward with an aggressive energy efficiency proposal that aims to reduce customers from the electricity grid. Fitch's department is scheduled to release a white paper on energy efficiency to see what New Brunswickers think and by next year legislation could be introduced to set up a separate Crown corporation to deal specifically with power conservation. And finally, the government's new energy restructuring plan will come into force on Oct. 1 and that will allow the province's large industrial customers to purchase power from other utilities. These three different initiatives all could lessen the need for a refurbished nuclear station, but Fitch said many other factors are being considered. "It's a huge puzzle and every piece fits together and ultimately these pieces are needed to make your decision," Fitch said. Copyright © 2004 Brunswick News Inc. All rights reserved. ***************************************************************** 9 toledoblade.com: Nuclear plant layoffs revive fatigue fears Monday, August 30, 2004 By TOM HENRY [thenry@theblade.com] BLADE STAFF WRITER FirstEnergy Corp.'s decision to eliminate 205 salaried nuclear jobs in Ohio and Pennsylvania is indicative of belt-tightening that has occurred nationwide in the utility sector: Companies merge and find ways to operate more efficiently so they can keep their electricity prices down and weather competition in today's deregulated market. But at what point do utilities cross the line and sacrifice safety? That's a question the Nuclear Regulatory Commission first tried to address through an agency policy in 1982 and began wrestling with again five years ago at its headquarters in the Washington suburb of Rockville, Md., in part because of concerns raised by U.S. Rep. John Dingell (D., Dearborn) and other congressmen in 1999. "The fact that staffing has been reducing [nationwide] has not been lost on the NRC," David Desauliners, the agency's point man for worker fatigue issues, told The Blade. The NRC officially has no authority to set minimum staffing requirements beyond those for a nuclear plant's control room - yet. Its sole mission is to ensure safety, irrespective of worker numbers. But since 1999, it has been developing a rule for regulating worker fatigue under fitness-for-duty laws, the ones that companies use to frame their drug-and-alcohol policies. It is to be presented to the agency's governing board by December, 2005. z For years, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration has had limits on the consecutive number of hours truck drivers can spend behind the wheel. The Federal Aviation Administration has limits on the consecutive number of hours that pilots can fly. But officials acknowledge that nuclear plant employees may at times be subjected to unreasonable routines, leaving them too fatigued to be as sharp-minded as they should. One goal of the new rule is to give them an outlet for being frank about when they're too tired to work, without facing repercussions. The NRC's 1982 policy stated that workers should not be on the job more than 14 consecutive days or more than 12 hours at a time, for a maximum of 72 hours a week. But Mr. Dingell and others questioned how well that policy was being enforced. "Fortunately, we have not seen fatigue as a causal factor in a number of significant events," said Mr. Desauliners, senior human factor specialist in the NRC's inspection program division. But, he conceded, "There may be cases where fatigue was involved, but the person wasn't aware of it." Davis-Besse's recent two-year shutdown wore down many employees. Some workers claimed to have put in excess of 72 hours a week, for months. An industrial psychologist the company hired to assess the plant's safety culture warned of burnout. Spouses in the fall of 2003 voiced anger at the NRC itself, accusing it of indirectly contributing to marital stress by failing to demand a more reasonable pace on the employees' behalf. And throughout several key junctions, the NRC claimed the plant's severely corroded reactor head was a result of "missed opportunities" to fix the problem, long before acid had escaped from the reactor and melted the massive steel lid to the width of a pencil eraser, the thinness that it was found in 2002. The NRC admittedly was guilty of a little too much budget-crunching itself. At the time, it had only one resident inspector assigned to the plant instead of the customary two. The agency had been in a temporary hiring freeze and, believing at the time that Davis-Besse had no problems, put its resources elsewhere. It now has three resident inspectors at Davis-Besse, the most found at any single-unit plant. Davis-Besse's restart in March allowed workers to return to a more normal routine. But last week, FirstEnergy announced 205 of some 2,700 jobs within its nuclear operating company were being eliminated. In addition to Davis-Besse, the utility operates the Perry nuclear plant east of Cleveland, the twin-unit Beaver Valley complex west of Pittsburgh, and the skeletal crew that oversees the dormant Three Mile Island-2 unit that had a partial meltdown in 1979. Sixty-three of those lost jobs are at Davis-Besse, with 35 layoffs taking effect immediately and 28 more planned as various projects are finished. The reductions, once completed, will bring Davis-Besse's workforce down to 740 employees. Taken as a whole, the layoffs are one of the biggest jolts to staffing since retired U.S. Navy Vice Adm. Joe Williams, Jr., took control of the reins during the plant's prolonged 1985-86 outage and went in the opposite direction, increasing the payroll from 644 employees in 1985 to 890 in 1986. Staffing might have exceeded 900 in the early to mid-1990s. The numbers gradually receded to the low 800s and held steady there until recently, largely through attrition, Richard Wilkins, company spokesman, said. In his notice to employees last Monday, Gary Leidich - FirstEnergy's nuclear operating company president - told them it's not a matter of how many workers the company has at each of its sites, but how well they perform. One of the reasons FirstEnergy hired Mr. Leidich in 2002 from the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations, an industry research arm, was to consolidate the company's nuclear division and streamline it in such a way that it would run more efficiently and effectively. The utility had been planning a massive reorganization to become more competitive before the reactor-head problem was revealed, Mr. Wilkins said. David Lochbaum, Union of Concerned Scientists nuclear safety engineer, said it's possible to downsize the workforce and get better results. "But if you work the [layoff] survivors too many hours, then you run the risk of them becoming fatigued," he said. Mr. Lochbaum has participated in the rule-making process for the fatigue issue. "The right way is to make yourself productive first. The wrong way is to make across-the-board cuts," he said. "If you make a mistake in applying resources, the consequences can be large." Paul Gunter, reactor watchdog project director for the Nuclear Information &Resource Service, an activist group in Washington, said FirstEnergy's decision to lay off nearly 10 percent of its nuclear workforce in one shot "obviously has an impact on the worker morale." "That, in fact, is a safety concern," he said. "It's this competition between profit margin and safety risk that got them into trouble in the first place and could get them in trouble again." Contact Tom Henry at: thenry@theblade.com or 419-724-6079. © 2004 The Blade. The Toledo Blade Company, 541 N. Superior St., Toledo, OH 43660 , (419) 724-6000 ***************************************************************** 10 Scoop: WEcan Staggered by ECan's Nuke Proposal [http://www.scoop.co.nz/] Monday, 30 August 2004, 3:13 pm Press Release: WeCan WEcan "staggered by ECan's proposal to investigate nuclear power. WEcan, a new group who are contesting seats for the Regional Council in the upcoming local body elections, are "staggered" by the actions of Environment Canterbury (Ecan) councillors who voted at a council meeting last Thursday to investigate nuclear power. "It is absolutely unbelievable that any ECan councillor would even contemplate the option of going nuclear for New Zealand." said WEcan founder, Mojo Mathers, who is standing in the Christchurch South constituency against incumbent Kerry Burke. "Let's be quite clear about this, a nuclear future is not a sustainable future. The health and safety issues surrounding surrounding the management of nuclear power and disposal of the resulting radioactive waste are enormous." "Earthquakes are a constant threat for us as a country. To willingly add to that risk by building a nuclear power plant is unbelievable." The level of ignorance displayed by the councillors over such a basic issue is frightening." Mojo Mathers also criticised the actions of the Labour 2021 councillors Kerry Burke, Richard Budd and Ian Robertson who all voted for the motion. "Labour has always had a clear policy of remaining nuclear-free. I cannot see how they can justify voting in this manner." "Not only are they voting against their party's stated policy, they are disregarding the fact that the vast majority of New Zealander's, both young and old, do not want nuclear power, and never will." "There are other options for energy that are both safer and cheaper than nuclear power. ECan must continue to investigate and promote these options that are renewable and sustainable and not waste time on this pointless exercise." "WEcan applaudes all those councillors who voted against this poorly thought out proposal. In particular, Angus MaKay is to be congratulated for being the only rural councillor with enough common sense to reject the motion. It is a shame that more did not follow his lead." Website: http://www/wecan.org.nz Home Page [http://www.scoop.co.nz/welcome.htm] | Politics ***************************************************************** 11 NRC: NRC to Meet with Local Residents Tuesday in Sioux Falls to Discuss Final Cleanup of Former Nuclear Reactor Site News Release - 2004-10 U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION Office of Public Affairs Telephone: 301/415-8200 Washington, DC 20555-0001 E-mail: opa@nrc.gov No. 04-100 August 30, 2004 NRC officials will meet with local residents Tuesday in Sioux Falls, S.D., to discuss plans for the final cleanup of the former Pathfinder nuclear reactor site and potential release of the site for unrestricted use. Xcel Energy will provide an overview of its proposed decommissioning activities and schedule for Pathfinder, and NRC will discuss how it will review those plans and oversee the cleanup, and answer questions from the public. NRC takes very seriously its responsibility to protect the health and safety of those who live near or work at nuclear facilities, said Chad J. Glenn, NRC Project Manager. This is the final stage in our process of overseeing Pathfinder, and we will make sure the site meets our decommissioning criteria and is safe before we terminate the license. The meeting will be held at the County Commission Meeting Room, 2nd floor of the County Administration Building, 415 N. Dakota Avenue, from 7 to 9 p.m. NRC staff, as well as representatives of Xcel Energy, will be available to discuss the project and answer questions. Northern States Power (now Xcel Energy), obtained an operating license from the Atomic Energy Commission (predecessor to the NRC) for the 66 megawatt facility in 1964. It conducted low-power testing from March 1964 to September 1967, after which the company shut it down for economic and other reasons. The nuclear fuel was transferred offsite, and the operating license was terminated. The plant then went into long-term storage, and a license for possession of nuclear material, which is still in effect, was issued in August 1972. In 1992, the license was amended to allow for decommissioning of the reactor building and fuel handling building. Xcel Energy now plans to complete decommissioning of the site so that, if NRC approves, it can be released for unrestricted use. NRC actions to ensure protection of the public will include inspections and confirmatory radiation surveys to provide confidence that the site meets NRCs strict decommissioning criteria. Last revised Monday, August 30, 2004 ***************************************************************** 12 NRC: Notice of License Termination for the Babcock and Wilcox FR Doc 04-19663 [Federal Register: August 30, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 167)] [Notices] [Page 52941] From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr30au04-98] Facility in Parks Township, Pennsylvania AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice of license termination. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Amir Kouhestani, Project Manager, Decommissioning Directorate, Office of Nuclear Materials Safety and Safeguards, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555- 0001. Telephone: (301) 415-0023; fax number: (301) 415-5398; e-mail: aak@nrc.gov [aak@nrc.gov] . This notice is to inform the public that the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC or Commission) has terminated the Special Nuclear Material License No. SNM-414 (SNM-414), issued to Babcock and Wilcox Company, Pennsylvania Nuclear Service Operation (licensee). The licensee used radioactive material at its facility in Parks Township, Pennsylvania, for conducting fuel fabrication, research and development, and service work from 1960 until 1996. On January 26, 1996, the licensee requested a license amendment authorizing it to decommission the Parks facility. This request and an opportunity for hearing was published in the Federal Register on October 10, 1996 (61 FR 53240). The NRC staff published an Environmental Assessment (EA) on July 2, 1997 (62 FR 35844) which concluded that this licensing action would not have a significant adverse effect on the quality of the human environment. NRC approved Revision 3.1 of the Decommissioning Plan (DP) in 1998. The licensee has completed site decommissioning, and the post decommissioning groundwater monitoring of the site in accordance with the approved DP and the conditions discussed in NRC License No. SNM- 414. Based on the remedial actions taken by the licensee, the NRC staff's review of the licensee's termination surveys, and the results of the NRC staff's confirmatory surveys, the Commission concludes that the licensee has completed the decommissioning activities in accordance with its approved DP, and the site is suitable for unrestricted release. Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 24th day of August 2004. For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Daniel M. Gillen, Deputy Director for the Decommissioning Directorate, Division of Waste Management and Environmental Protection, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards. [FR Doc. 04-19663 Filed 8-27-04; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 7590-01-P ***************************************************************** 13 [du-list] RRW from Desert Storm - and the rest Date: Mon, 30 Aug 2004 18:47:54 -0700 Answers, concerning radioactive remnants of war in the form of Uranium oxide aerosols: 1. re A few tons of "DU" spread over wide areas by winds - depends on the particle size distribution and the weather. For example, consider the results of the the radioactive plutonium remnants of the US nuclear testing program: "Although extremely scarce naturally, about 5000 kg of plutonium has been released into the atmosphere by nuclear weapons tests. The soil of the U.S. contains an average of about 2 millicuries (28 milligrams) per km^2 from fallout." http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/japarms/pu239.html While I would prefer to argue directly from uranium figures, the case of plutonium distribution is sufficiently analogous. We're talking here about the unfissioned leftovers of 1,100 pounds of plutonium. That would be a cube about 2 feet on a side, if my arithmetic (Pu density at 19.84g/cc)is correct. Since I don't know what the unfissioned % of Pu would be, you can amuse yourself by picturing your estimate to the nearest eighth of the cube; so how many one-foot cubes would you guess? That many "cubes" have been aerosolized and are now spread by wind and deposited across the earth, to the average tune of 28 milligrams per square kilometer or about 70 milligrams per square mile. Just to be conservative, chuck in a few extra cubes, or bits thereof, for the Poms, the Ruuskies, the Chinese and all the other Keen Starters. But I digress. My point here is that .5 metric ton of Pu aerosolised may well be worth a more expert comparison with "Desert Storm's relatively few tons", and the rest - conservatively, say another 1000 metric tons since. And then there's always the next little war - - - As for the uranium in the soil, it's not a good analogy unless you happen to live near a uranium mine tailings pile in a dry climate. Not a good place for your kiddies to play, I'll bet you'll agree on that one; even so, we're not talking about nanometer scale particles of U oxides in this case. Just good old "dirt". As for the Kuwait study, it's a laugh. Have a look at the .pdf of the study instead of the news release. Their "Group of International Experts" came along 11 years later and found a few 50 mm projectiles, did some white magic to some beets and discovered they were probably not too radioactive. Pardon the sarcasm, but I've commented on the Kuwait study before and you can use the search function here and on DU-Watch to read my more detailed remarks. They never said how they prepared the beets - did they use standard methods and materials or a local cookbook? Were those beets baked, boiled or burnt to a crisp? Of course "ashed" is a good way to do them, and if they'd said so, then we'd know that U concentrations they discussed were based on dry weight. It's a shame I'm too wary to give those procrastinators the benefit of the doubt. It seems like what this Group of International Experts was most expert at was hearing and saying "Manyana" with the High Authorities and maybe each other as well, for 10 years or so while the heat died down. Maybe you don't have kids, like some Kuwaitis, Iraqis, Afghans and Kosovars. Well then, how would you feel if someone did that to your puppy? --- In du-list@yahoogroups.com, Michael Edward McNeil wrote: > 1) How can Desert Storm's relatively few tons of DU, when dispersed > over wide areas by winds, be worse or even noticeable compared with the > (considerably more radioactive) normal uranium that constitutes 10 grams > out of every cubic meter of ordinary soil everywhere in the world? > Since the Earth's land area is 149,800,000 square km, this adds up to > 1.5 *billion* metric tons of normal uranium in merely the topmost meter > (3 feet) of the land area of Earth. > > 2) The IAEA at the request of the Kuwait government did a study of 11 > sites which were recommended to it as the worst potential hot-spots of > DU contamination. The study results, announced last year, concluded > that the "annual potential radiation doses in areas where residues have > been found are only a few microSieverts." For comparison, the average > annual radiation dose people round the world receive from natural > sources is about one *milli*Sievert, or *hundreds of times greater* than > even at these concentrated locations in Kuwait, much less after being > blown elsewhere and thus drastically diluted by winds. > > See the IAEA results here: > http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/News/2003/13-571089.shtml > > Michael McNeil > > .net/interna.asp?idnews=25234 > > > > ------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor --------------------~--> $9.95 domain names from Yahoo!. Register anything. http://us.click.yahoo.com/J8kdrA/y20IAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM --------------------------------------------------------------------~-> To unsubscribe from this groups send a message to du-list-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com. In the body of the message type unsubscribe and send. Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/du-list/ <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: du-list-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com <*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ ***************************************************************** 14 [NukeNet] Nuclear Weapons & DU Illegal On Several Counts: Re: Date: Mon, 30 Aug 2004 18:47:52 -0700 On the illegality of nuclear weapons: 1.“In evaluating whether a particular weapon is legal or illegal when there is not a specific treaty, the whole of humanitarian law must be consulted,” Parker wrote. According to humanitarian law, the illegality of DU weapons is based on four criteria: The first is the “territorial” test. Weapons may only be used in the legal field of battle. Weapons may not have an adverse effect off the legal field of battle. 2. The second is the “temporal” test, meaning that weapons may only be used for the duration of an armed conflict. A weapon that continues to act after the war violates this criterion. 3. The third rule is that a weapon cannot be unduly inhumane. The Hague Convention of 1907 prohibits “poison or poisoned weapons.” Because DU weapons are radioactive and chemically toxic, as the military knows, they fit the definition of poisonous weapons banned under the Hague Convention. 4. The fourth rule for weapons, the “environmental” test, says that weapons cannot have an unduly negative effect on the natural environment. ----- Original Message ----- From: Ross Wilcock To: 'Leuren Moret' ; 'Francis Boyle' ; 'Richard A. Falk' ; mssejs@aol.com ; 'Rosalie Bertell' ; 'Helen Caldicott' ; 'Leonard Dietz' ; 'Thomas Fasy' ; 'Sarah Flounders' ; globalnet@mindspring.com ; 'Marion Kuepker' ; 'Chris Busby' ; 'Richard Bramhall' ; 'Janette Sherman' ; 'Ernest Sternglass' Cc: 'Robert Gould' ; 'Mary Wynne Ashford' ; 'Allan Connolly' ; 'Debbie Grisdale (Debbie Grisdale)' ; 'michel et solange fernex' ; 'Niloufer Bhagwat' ; 'David Krieger' ; smirnowb@ix.netcom.com ; piperm@lycos.com ; 'Charles Jenks' ; 'Sunny Miller' Sent: Monday, August 30, 2004 12:15 AM Subject: RE: Vera vici This statement is by Karen Parker who has long been active against uranium munitions in the UNHR Commission and at numerous conferences. Ross Wilcock http://www.americanfreepress.net/html/pentagon_brass.html Pentagon Brass Suppresses Truth About Toxic Weapons Poisonous Uranium Munitions Threaten World By Christopher Bollyn The use of weapons containing uranium violates existing laws and customs of war and “constitutes a war crime or crime against humanity,” according to a leading U.S. expert on humanitarian law. Karen Parker, a San Francisco-based expert in armed conflict law, told American Free Press that the use of radioactive uranium weapons violates the Hague and Geneva Conventions as well as the Conventional Weapons Convention of 1980. Although no treaty specifically bans DU weapons, they are illegal “de facto and de jure,” Parker said. However, a class action lawsuit by victims of DU weapons will probably be required for a court to ban their use, she said. ‘ILLEGAL FOR ALL COUNTRIES’ “A weapon made illegal only because there is a specific treaty banning it is only illegal for countries that ratify such a treaty,” Parker wrote in a paper, “The Illegality of DU Weaponry,” presented at the International Uranium Weapons Conference in Hamburg, Germany last October. However, “a weapon that is illegal by operation of existing law is illegal for all countries.” Parker, a delegate to the UN Commission on Human Rights since 1982, provides legal advice to the UN on DU weapons and other matters of humanitarian law. “DU weaponry cannot possibly be legal in light of existing law,” Parker said. “In evaluating whether a particular weapon is legal or illegal when there is not a specific treaty, the whole of humanitarian law must be consulted,” Parker wrote. According to humanitarian law, the illegality of DU weapons is based on four criteria: The first is the “territorial” test. Weapons may only be used in the legal field of battle. Weapons may not have an adverse effect off the legal field of battle. The second is the “temporal” test, meaning that weapons may only be used for the duration of an armed conflict. A weapon that continues to act after the war violates this criterion. The territorial and temporal criteria are meant to prevent weapons from being “indiscriminate” in their effect. The third rule is that a weapon cannot be unduly inhumane. The Hague Convention of 1907 prohibits “poison or poisoned weapons.” Because DU weapons are radioactive and chemically toxic, as the military knows, they fit the definition of poisonous weapons banned under the Hague Convention. WHAT THE MILITARY KNOWS The Defense Department is well aware of the toxic effects of DU. In an official presentation by U.S. Army Reserve Col. J. Edgar Wakayama at Fort Belvoir, Va. on Aug. 20, 2002, the dangers of exposure to DU were clearly spelled out: “Inhalation exposure has a major effect on the lungs and thoracic lymph nodes,” Wakayama read from a slide. “The alpha particle taken inside the body in large doses is hazardous, producing cell damage and cancer. Lung cancer is well documented,” he noted. “Urine samples containing uranium are mutagenic [capable of producing mutation]” and “the cultured human stem bone cell line with DU also transformed the cells to become carcinogenic,” Wakayama read. DU deposited in the bone causes DNA damage because of the effects of the alpha particles, Wakayama stressed. One gram of DU emits 12,000 high-energy alpha particles per second. The fourth rule for weapons, the “environmental” test, says that weapons cannot have an unduly negative effect on the natural environment. Wakayama advised, “Heavily contaminated soil should be removed if the area is to be populated with civilians.” Wakayama described the dangers to children playing in contaminated soil and the leaching of DU into local water and food supplies. DU FAILS ALL LEGAL CRITERIA DU weaponry fails all four tests, Parker says. Because it cannot be contained to the battlefield, it fails the territorial test. Airborne DU particles are carried far from the battlefield affecting distant civilian populations and neighboring countries. Because the uranium dispersed on the ground and in the air cannot be “turned off” when the war is over, DU fails the temporal test. “The airborne particles have a half-life of billions of years and have the potential to keep killing . . . long after the war is over,” Parker wrote. “The status of DU as nuclear, radiological, poison or conventional does not change its illegality. When the weapons test is applied to DU weaponry, it fails,” she concluded. DU weapons fail the humaneness test because of how they kill, Parker says, “by cancer, kidney disease etc, long after the hostilities are over. “DU is inhumane because it can cause birth defects such as cranial facial anomalies, missing limbs, grossly deformed and non-viable infants and the like, thus affecting children . . . born after the war is over,” Parker said. “The teratogenic [interfering with normal embryonic development] nature of DU weapons and the possible burdening of the gene pool of future generations raise the possibility that the use of DU weaponry is genocide,” she wrote. “Willfully causing great suffering or serious injury to body or health” of civilians constitutes a grave breach of the fourth Geneva Convention, and this is “exactly what DU weapons do.” Finally, because DU weapons cannot be used without unduly damaging the natural environment, they fail the fourth rule for weapons, the environmental test. “No available technology can significantly change the chemical and radiological toxicity of DU,” the Army Environmental Policy Institute reported to Congress in 1994. “These are intrinsic properties of uranium.” “Regarding environmental damages, users of these weapons are obligated to carry out an effective cleanup,” Parker wrote. “The cost of legal claims and environmental cleanup for the gulf wars alone could be staggering.” “Use of DU weaponry necessarily violates the ‘grave breach’ provision of the Geneva Conventions, and hence its use constitutes a war crime or crime against humanity,” Parker concluded. Questions regarding the legality of DU weapons were sent in writing to the Pentagon’s appointed spokesman on DU matters, James Turner. Turner told AFP that he was “not qualified” to answer such questions. By press time the Pentagon had not responded to repeated requests for information. © American Free Press 2004 _______________________________________________________________________ Subscribe/Unsubscribe Here: http://www.energyjustice.net/nukenet/ Change your settings at: http://energyjustice.net/mailman/listinfo/nukenet_energyjustice.net ***************************************************************** 15 [du-list] Pentagon Brass Rattled by Uranium Munitions article Date: Mon, 30 Aug 2004 18:48:02 -0700 For Immediate Release Contact: Bob Nichols bobnichols@cox.net The article about the use of depleted uranium being a war crime is the head line story in American Free Press. This will open some eyes at the Pentagon. http://www.americanfreepress.net/html/pentagon_brass.html The front page on-line is currently at: http://www.americanfreepress.net/ Regards, Bob __________________________________________________________ American Free Press (AFP) America's Last Real Newspaper Pentagon Brass Suppresses Truth About Toxic Weapons Poisonous Uranium Munitions Threaten World By Christopher Bollyn The use of weapons containing uranium violates existing laws and customs of war and “constitutes a war crime or crime against humanity,” according to a leading U.S. expert on humanitarian law. Karen Parker, a San Francisco-based expert in armed conflict law, told American Free Press that the use of radioactive uranium weapons violates the Hague and Geneva Conventions as well as the Conventional Weapons Convention of 1980. Although no treaty specifically bans DU weapons, they are illegal “de facto and de jure,” Parker said. However, a class action lawsuit by victims of DU weapons will probably be required for a court to ban their use, she said. ‘ILLEGAL FOR ALL COUNTRIES’ “A weapon made illegal only because there is a specific treaty banning it is only illegal for countries that ratify such a treaty,” Parker wrote in a paper, “The Illegality of DU Weaponry,” presented at the International Uranium Weapons Conference in Hamburg, Germany last October. However, “a weapon that is illegal by operation of existing law is illegal for all countries.” Parker, a delegate to the UN Commission on Human Rights since 1982, provides legal advice to the UN on DU weapons and other matters of humanitarian law. “DU weaponry cannot possibly be legal in light of existing law,” Parker said. “In evaluating whether a particular weapon is legal or illegal when there is not a specific treaty, the whole of humanitarian law must be consulted,” Parker wrote. According to humanitarian law, the illegality of DU weapons is based on four criteria: The first is the “territorial” test. Weapons may only be used in the legal field of battle. Weapons may not have an adverse effect off the legal field of battle. The second is the “temporal” test, meaning that weapons may only be used for the duration of an armed conflict. A weapon that continues to act after the war violates this criterion. The territorial and temporal criteria are meant to prevent weapons from being “indiscriminate” in their effect. The third rule is that a weapon cannot be unduly inhumane. The Hague Convention of 1907 prohibits “poison or poisoned weapons.” Because DU weapons are radioactive and chemically toxic, as the military knows, they fit the definition of poisonous weapons banned under the Hague Convention. WHAT THE MILITARY KNOWS The Defense Department is well aware of the toxic effects of DU. In an official presentation by U.S. Army Reserve Col. J. Edgar Wakayama at Fort Belvoir, Va. on Aug. 20, 2002, the dangers of exposure to DU were clearly spelled out: “Inhalation exposure has a major effect on the lungs and thoracic lymph nodes,” Wakayama read from a slide. “The alpha particle taken inside the body in large doses is hazardous, producing cell damage and cancer. Lung cancer is well documented,” he noted. “Urine samples containing uranium are mutagenic [capable of producing mutation]” and “the cultured human stem bone cell line with DU also transformed the cells to become carcinogenic,” Wakayama read. DU deposited in the bone causes DNA damage because of the effects of the alpha particles, Wakayama stressed. One gram of DU emits 12,000 high-energy alpha particles per second. The fourth rule for weapons, the “environmental” test, says that weapons cannot have an unduly negative effect on the natural environment. Wakayama advised, “Heavily contaminated soil should be removed if the area is to be populated with civilians.” Wakayama described the dangers to children playing in contaminated soil and the leaching of DU into local water and food supplies. DU FAILS ALL LEGAL CRITERIA DU weaponry fails all four tests, Parker says. Because it cannot be contained to the battlefield, it fails the territorial test. Airborne DU particles are carried far from the battlefield affecting distant civilian populations and neighboring countries. Because the uranium dispersed on the ground and in the air cannot be “turned off” when the war is over, DU fails the temporal test. “The airborne particles have a half-life of billions of years and have the potential to keep killing . . . long after the war is over,” Parker wrote. “The status of DU as nuclear, radiological, poison or conventional does not change its illegality. When the weapons test is applied to DU weaponry, it fails,” she concluded. DU weapons fail the humaneness test because of how they kill, Parker says, “by cancer, kidney disease etc, long after the hostilities are over. “DU is inhumane because it can cause birth defects such as cranial facial anomalies, missing limbs, grossly deformed and non-viable infants and the like, thus affecting children . . . born after the war is over,” Parker said. “The teratogenic [interfering with normal embryonic development] nature of DU weapons and the possible burdening of the gene pool of future generations raise the possibility that the use of DU weaponry is genocide,” she wrote. “Willfully causing great suffering or serious injury to body or health” of civilians constitutes a grave breach of the fourth Geneva Convention, and this is “exactly what DU weapons do.” Finally, because DU weapons cannot be used without unduly damaging the natural environment, they fail the fourth rule for weapons, the environmental test. “No available technology can significantly change the chemical and radiological toxicity of DU,” the Army Environmental Policy Institute reported to Congress in 1994. “These are intrinsic properties of uranium.” “Regarding environmental damages, users of these weapons are obligated to carry out an effective cleanup,” Parker wrote. “The cost of legal claims and environmental cleanup for the gulf wars alone could be staggering.” “Use of DU weaponry necessarily violates the ‘grave breach’ provision of the Geneva Conventions, and hence its use constitutes a war crime or crime against humanity,” Parker concluded. Questions regarding the legality of DU weapons were sent in writing to the Pentagon’s appointed spokesman on DU matters, James Turner. Turner told AFP that he was “not qualified” to answer such questions. By press time the Pentagon had not responded to repeated requests for information. © American Free Press 2004 To unsubscribe from this groups send a message to du-list-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com. In the body of the message type unsubscribe and send. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ADVERTISEMENT f3d612.jpg f3d682.jpg ---------- Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: * http://groups.yahoo.com/group/du-list/ * * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: * du-list-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com * * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. Attachment Converted: f3d612.jpg: 00000001,43b605c7,00000000,00000000 Attachment Converted: f3d682.jpg: 00000001,43b605c8,00000000,00000000 ***************************************************************** 16 [du-list] PSR issue brief on DU Date: Mon, 30 Aug 2004 18:48:08 -0700 I've pasted a position paper below in response to questions about Physicians for Social Responsibilities position on DU. They are also working on another paper on DU. PSR is a founding member of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), they jointly won a noble peace prize for their work against nuclear weapons. IPPNW Germany and Kyoto, Japan chapters are members of the International Campaign to Ban Uranium Weapons (ICBUW). Tara Issue Brief: Depleted Uranium Weapons July 1999 Background The extraordinary effectiveness of ammunition made from depleted uranium (DU) has made it a weapon of choice for the United States and other countries. 1.7 times as dense as lead, DU is not only an effective offensive weapon, but is also utilized for armor plating in tanks, ballast material in aircraft and as shielding in some medical equipment. The use of this by-product of the Uranium enrichment process in conventional weapons in the 1991 Persian Gulf War and, most recently, in the Balkans has sparked widespread debate regarding its impact on human health. Source, Properties, and Use The large-scale extraction of the Uranium-235 isotope from natural Uranium for use in nuclear fuel and nuclear weapons has spawned a massive pile-up of its by-products, most significantly non-fissionable U-238, also known as depleted uranium. DU is so named because it is largely "depleted" of the other two isotopes found in naturally-occurring uranium, U-234 and U-235. Because naturally-occurring uranium contains approximately 99% of the U-238 isotope, large quantities of U-238 are accumulated in the U-235 enrichment process. DU has a half-life of 4.5 billion years1. DU has some unique physical properties that make it both an effective, armor-piercing weapon and a source of concern with regard to its long-term effects. DU's density of 19.3 g/cm3 (tungsten, the "normal" material used in ammunition, is also 19.3 g/cm3) makes it almost twice that of lead. Additionally, DU is pyrophoric, meaning it has a tendency for fine particles to spontaneously ignite, or aerosolize, on impact with a target or upon burning. These dust particles may further endanger survivors or bystanders if embedded, ingested, or inhaled, and may also find easier access to the surrounding air, water, and soil. Use of Depleted Uranium The United States has retained stockpiles of depleted uranium since the inception of its nuclear weapons program in the 1940's. Because of the costs associated with storing such an extraordinary quantity of material, estimated to be more than 500,000 tons, employing DU in munitions became a viable method of reducing storage costs. DU is considered a more effective (i.e. more capable of piercing tank armor) and less expensive alternative to other munitions metals, such as tungsten2. The U.S. first began producing DU ammunition in 1978 and has used it primarily in long cannons found in tanks and in some aircraft guns, such as the A-10 Warthog and the AV-83. In addition, DU is also used for armor plating in tanks (first used in 1988 on M1 Abrams tanks), ballast material in aircraft and shielding in some medical equipment. While there is some current speculation that DU is being used in Tomahawk missiles, the most current and reliable data do not verify these allegations; the use of DU in Tomahawks is restricted to test purposes only4. DU ammunition was first used by the U.S. in wartime in the Persian Gulf War, with an estimated 300 metric tons fired3. Weapons employing DU included the American M1 Abrams tank, the Bradley armored personnel carrier, and the A-10 Warthog aircraft, which fired twin 30-millimeter guns with small-caliber DU bullets. Final reports estimate that tanks fired 14,000 large caliber DU rounds and that U.S. planes fired 940,000 small caliber rounds5. Additionally, the British are estimated to have fired 100 rounds from tanks6. Depleted uranium has also been used by the U.S. in Kosovo. Major General Chuck Wald, a Department of Defense spokesman, acknowledged that DU was being used in Kosovo during a May, 1999 press briefing. When asked by reporters if the U.S. was using DU in Kosovo, he answered: "Yes. And the 30mm on the A-10. I think it's almost -- I've heard that question a lot, and I've been thinking about it. I've been around the A-10s for a long time. I know that I see the munitions handlers put these bullets in the aircraft, holding on to them for 20 years, so they've done a lot of scientific studies on these things, and there doesn't seem to be a problem. So I don't think there's a problem at all with that, and it hasn't been a problem for any of us, so it's kind of old news."7 The U.S. A-10 Warthog can fire DU coated ammunition from its 30mm Gatling gun at 3,900 rounds per minute. DU rounds were also employed in the AV-8B fighter. A NATO report stated that DU has been used against Serbian forces though "it has not been used extensively," according to a NATO spokesman. "It has never been proved that the use of DU endangers the health of people. It is no more dangerous than mercury."6 While DU use has been mostly confined to the Gulf and to the Balkans, there are other incidents of DU use that are worthy of note. In April, 1999, the U.S. Navy accidentally fired hundreds of DU rounds on Vieques, Puerto Rico, which has only exacerbated already tense relations over other issues with the U.S.8 A similar event in Japan, where Marines fired DU bullets on an uninhabited island, prompted apologies from U.S. defense officials.9 In addition to the U.S. and Britain, there are other countries that possess DU. U.S. arms dealers sell DU to 16 countries, including Thailand, Taiwan, Bahrain, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Greece, Korea, Turkey, Kuwait, and other countries, which the Pentagon will not disclose for national security reasons6,10. A number of other countries are also eligible for shipments, including Jordan, Australia, Egypt, and Japan11. Health Effects Health effects of DU exposure are typically divided into two broad categories, chemical and radiological. Further delineation is also made between internal and external routes of entry. A number of factors will determine the chemical or radiological affects DU may have, including dose, route and magnitude of exposure, and location of embedded fragments. While the most obvious health risk DU poses is to soldiers in tanks that sustain DU hits, there are others that may be affected as well. Survivors of such hits, soldiers investigating the wreckage, and those responsible for transporting or de-contaminating DU-laden tanks are all at risk to receive potentially harmful exposure to DU. With a half life of 4.5 billion years, DU may also cause harm to surrounding air, water, and soil resources and harm civilians returning to DU contaminated areas. Of the two potential dangers DU poses, chemical affects are generally considered the most dangerous. Like other heavy metals, such as lead, sufficient DU exposure can be toxic to humans. On impact with tank armor or other vehicles, the pyrophoric nature of DU promotes oxidation of the uranium metal to uranium oxides, which results in some portion of the uranium round becoming aerosolized and converted into dust particles small enough to be easily ingested or inhaled by humans in the vicinity, such as soldiers examining the wreckage of a tank. Upon ingestion, the uranium oxides are mostly metabolized to the uranyl ion (UO2++), and, if solubilized in the blood, up to 90% of it may be excreted by the kidney in the urine. Excretion takes approximately 3 days if DU is internalized, though uranium in the urine may appear persistently if DU has been embedded externally in the skin. Methods of DU detection include 24-hour urinalysis, spot urinalysis, and whole body scans, especially for embedded fragments1. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has established 3 µg/g (stated as a whole body count) of kidney as the permissible radiological limit. The ability of the body to expel ingested uranium is not absolute; much of it may stay in the body, particularly the kidneys and skeleton, for extended periods of time. Similar to other heavy metals, uranium, solubilized in solution, can react with many biological molecules, including phosphate residues (glucose phosphate, phosopholipids, nucleic acids) or sulfydryl groups (cysteine, glutathione and oxyanions). In addition to targeting the kidneys and skeleton, uranium not expelled by the body may also distribute to soft tissue, including the liver, lung, fat, and muscle1. Radioactive elements, including uranium, produce three types of ionizing radiation, alpha, beta, and gamma, each impacting human physiology differently. Uranium is primarily an alpha emitter, which travels about 30 µm in soft tissue, making penetration of paper, glass, or skin virtually impossible. Danger to human health would increase, however, if DU were internalized and lodged near critical cells or tissue1. Although uranium is primarily an alpha emitter, its decay process will also result in beta and gamma radiation, which are more capable of damaging human tissue1. The Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety warns that uranium can cause lung cancer, bone cancer and kidney disease. Other concerns include DU's negative impact on reproductive capability. Conflicting Claims of Impact on Human and Environmental Health Since DU use began in the 1991 Gulf War, its health effects on humans have been hotly debated. Veterans have argued that DU is one of many causative agents in Gulf War Syndrome. The military has denied any such link. To investigate their claims, the Department of Defense commissioned the RAND Corporation, a military contractor, to do a study of Gulf War Syndrome, which included a lengthy analysis of DU. The final RAND report, A Review of the Scientific Literature as it Pertains to Gulf War Illness: Volume 7 Depleted Uranium, was released in April, 1999. The RAND analysis was a literature review of currently existing data; RAND conducted no new research on DU. Since very little research has been done on depleted uranium, the authors instead reported on the much more abundant body of literature pertaining to natural uranium, which, they argue, exhibits similar chemical properties and is actually more radioactive than depleted uranium1. Having claimed that depleted and natural uranium are analogous in their chemical and radiological properties, they assert that health effects of each are similarly analogous. The report essentially finds no conclusive data tying negative health effects to natural uranium and therefore concludes that depleted uranium should have no negative health effects as well. The report's conclusions are particularly reinforced with regard to the radiological potential of DU. Since natural uranium is more radioactive than DU and, according to RAND data, poses no significant health risk, depleted uranium, which is 40% less radioactive than natural uranium, should pose even less of a radiological risk. The RAND Report was not without its caveats and qualifiers. The report stressed that little information exists regarding actual DU - most of their conclusions are based on data extrapolated from natural uranium - and that more research needs to be conducted. They cite, for example, the DU Follow-Up Program at the Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, which is tracking a number of Gulf War veterans with embedded DU fragments. The follow-up program has noted "several biochemical perturbations in neuroendocrine parameters related to urinary uranium concentrations..." in its patients1. The RAND Report, because it was conducted by a military contractor, is bound to have its biases. Despite reviewing an extensive body of literature that included peer-reviewed journals, books, government publications, and conference proceedings, the report inevitably could not be completely comprehensive, a complaint voiced in a report by Dan Fahey, a former Naval officer who is now the research director at the National Gulf War Resource Center. His report, "DoD Analysis: The Good, the Bad and The Ugly," was a direct response to the RAND Report. Prepared for the Presidential Oversight Board for Department of Defense Investigations of Gulf War and Biological Incidents and the U.S. General Accounting Office in June, 1999, Fahey's report acknowledges and supports RAND's call for more research and testing. The Fahey report, however, outlines a large body of literature that the RAND report ignored, citing at least 62 relevant sources not reviewed by RAND. Fahey also takes issue with the short shrift given to studies which demonstrated clear health risks to humans, such as that being conducted by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI), which discovered "possible relationships between depleted uranium and neurological, immunological, carcinogenic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects."12 Despite the claims outlined in the RAND Report, there are a number of other sources that raise questions about the validity of RAND's claims and the threat of DU to human and environmental health. These include: •In August 1995, Iraq presented a study to the United Nations demonstrating sharp increases in leukemia and other cancers as well as other unexplained diseases around the county's southern region. Iraqi scientists attributed some of the cancers to depleted uranium6 . Some Iraqi officials have reported up to a 20% increase in leukemia cases13. Other studies also suggest an increase in cancer rates in southern Iraq, with a statistically significant correlation between cancer cases and DU exposure14. •A study commissioned by the Military Toxics Project and conducted by Dr. Hari Sharma of the University of Waterloo concluded that DU use in the Persian Gulf will result in an increase of 20,000-100,000 fatal cancers in Gulf War veterans and Iraqi citizens15 •Doug Rokke, a former U.S. Army officer and health physicist in charge of DU cleanup after the Gulf War developed health problems within two weeks of his return from the Middle East. Rokke and other members of his cleanup team developed ailments that included severe kidney and respiratory problems. Rokke's urinalysis, conducted in March of 1994, revealed urinary uranium 2,000 percent beyond normal levels. Perhaps most disturbing is the fact that Rokke's team never received specialized training or gear for DU cleanup, despite the fact that the Army understood DU's potential health hazard16,17. •At the Hague Peace Conference in May of 1999, Rosalie Bertell, Ph.D., outlined many health risks associated with DU, and, in opposition to the RAND report, stated that DU can be more radioactive than natural uranium given the higher concentrations at which DU is found18. •A recent article in the Croatian Medical Journal by Dr. Asaf Durakovic of the Department of Nuclear Science at Georgetown University Medical School examines the possible health risks of DU12. •The Glasgow Sunday Herald reported in April that DU use at a firing range in Duindrennan has been linked to the highest rate of childhood leukemia in the United Kingdom10. Environmental Impact The fact that DU is aerosolized on impact with its target and is transformed into small dust particles capable of being carried by the wind may threaten air, ground, and water resources, which all may become long-term repositories for DU. Long term impact is especially important considering the 4.5 billion year half life of DU. The Balkans Task Force of the United Nations Environment Program is currently conducting a scientific expedition in Yugoslavia. Made up of 14 experts, the task force will attempt to provide the international community with "a neutral and scientifically credible report" on the long and short term environmental impact of the war, according to Pekka Haavisto, chair of the task force19. The team will look at sites where DU is alleged to have been used, and will check for radioactivity and the presence of toxic heavy metals in the soil. While the report is not due until September, preliminary data points to DU as being "very dangerous and harmful." The Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe recently prepared a more damning report for the European Commission, the European Union's executive arm. Their report described DU as "perhaps the most dangerous" of the "carcinogenic and toxic substances" that were released during the bombing of Yugoslavia19. National and International Response The United States U.S. political and military leaders have largely ignored any warnings of human and environmental health risks posed by DU. The effectiveness of DU in piercing tank armor, the low cost and large abundance of DU, and the extraordinary cost associated with cleaning up contaminated areas have acted as major impediments to a change in U.S. policy. Despite the government's response, two veterans groups, the Veterans of Foreign Wars and American Legion, have both adopted resolutions against DU3. U.S. treatment of soldiers who have handled or been exposed to DU has been poor. Ignoring some of their own experts' advice, the Army has been remiss in promoting and enforcing proper DU handling techniques, thus exposing soldiers who are unaware of and unprotected from potential dangers of DU16,12. Debate is ongoing regarding DU and its role in Gulf War Syndrome, though many sources would not implicate DU as the lone causative agent in Gulf War Syndrome. Perhaps most frustrating for those who oppose DU is the fact that alternatives exist. Tungsten, for example, has the same density as DU, but it has not been known to have negative consequences on human and environmental health. Developments in tungsten technology have made it "almost as effective as DU," according to Matt Kagan, a former munitions analyst for Jane's Defence Weekly. But tungsten is more expensive than DU, primarily because of the abundant supply - more than 500,000 tons - the U.S. has accumulated as a result of uranium fuel and weapons production5. International Response The international community has been a bit more responsive to exploring all of the consequences of DU use. As stated above, the UN and the EU are both currently studying DU use in Yugoslavia. Moreover, The UN Commission on Human Rights passed a resolution in 1996 urging all states to "curb the production and spread of weapons containing DU." 3 Currently, a number of NGO's are attempting to gather signatures of organizations for an International Declaration on Depleted uranium. In addition to studies and non-binding action, some have made claims that DU is illegal under international law, and a lawsuit against U.S. DU manufacturers is being considered by some groups. Conclusion The future of depleted uranium in conventional weapons remains uncertain. Its use in armed conflicts has clearly been hailed by some while being questioned by others. Leveraging enough political resistance to such an effective weapon may prove difficult, especially in light of the often disputed data currently available describing DU's long-term effects on human and environmental health. The need for further research on depleted uranium remains. Even the RAND Report acknowledges this point. The Baltimore VA follow-up study and the UN environmental impact study may provide more answers. More studies, such as that being conducted by AFRRI, should be encouraged. Additionally, the U.S. military, despite its current position on DU, should provide proper protection, training, and testing for soldiers who handle or contact DU. And despite the underlying fact that any armor penetrator's primary purpose is to kill, further exploration should be done regarding DU alternatives that have less harmful long term health effects. Until conclusive data is available to exonerate DU in causing long term health effects, every effort should be made to curb or prohibit its use. Written by Curt Wozniak. For additional information, contact Robert Tiller at Physicians for Social Responsibility, phone (202) 898-0150 ext. 220, e-mail: btiller@psr.org End Notes: 1. RAND Corporation. A Review of the Scientific Literature as it Pertains to Gulf War Illness: Volume 7 Depleted Uranium. April 1999. 2. Mittelstaedt, Martin. "‘Green’ Bullet Kills People, But Not the Environment." Toronto Globe and Mail. July 21, 1999 3. Military Toxics Project. Depleted Uranium; Agent Orange of the 90's: Another Pentagon Coverup. _http://www.miltoxproj.org/DU/DU_Faqs/Du_Faqs.htm_. June, 1999. 4. "Final EA for Tomahawk Flight Test Operations on the West Coast of the U.S." page 3-24, Section 3.2.7. October, 1998. 5. Mesler, Bill. "The Pentagon’s Radioactive Bullet." The Nation. October 21, 1996. 6. Edwards, Rob. "Too Hot to Handle." New Scientist. June 5, 1999. 7. Department of Defense News Briefing. May 3, 1999. 8. Associated Press. "Puerto Rico, U.S. Ties Strained." The New York Times. July 17, 1999. 9. Japan Times. _http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/news2-97/news2-11.htm_. February 11, 1997. 10. Williams, Thomas. "Depleted Uranium in NATO Bombs Raises Health Issues." Hartford Courant. May 20, 1999. 11. Cardamone, Jr, Thomas A.. "News Briefs: Jordan Made Non-Nato Ally." Arms Trade News. December, 1996/January, 1997. _http://www.clw.org/cat/atn0197.html_. 12. Fahey, Dan. "DoD Analysis; The Good, the Bad and The Ugly." June, 1999. _http://www.globaldialog.com/~kornkven/DOD_Anaysis_II_Fahey.pdf_. 13. Reuters. "UN Agency May Urge Study of Iraqi Cancer Cases." October. 20, 1998. 14. Conference on Health and Environmental Consequences of Depleted Uranium used by U.S. and British Forces in the 1991 Gulf War. "Health Consequences of DU Weapons Used by U.S. and British Soldiers." December, 1998. 15. Military Toxics Project. "Press Release: Military Toxics Project Confirms NATO is Using DU Munitions in Yugoslavia and Releases Results of Medical Study Indicating Potential for Fatal Cancers." May 4, 1999. _http://www.miltoxproj.org/kosovo.html_. 16. Fahey, Dan. "Selected Quotes From Government Reports on Depleted Uranium". Military Toxics Project. 17. Richardson, J.J. "Depleted Uranium: The Invisible Threat." Mother Jones online. _http://www.motherjones.com/total_coverage/kosovo/reality_check/du.html_. June 23, 1999. 18. Bertell, Rosalie. "Gulf War Veterans and Depleted Uranium." Hague Peace Conference. May, 1999. 19. Cook, Joe and Frances Williams. "Balkans: NATO Uranium ‘polluting Yugoslavia.’" Financial Times. July 22, 1999. ============================================= ------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor --------------------~--> $9.95 domain names from Yahoo!. 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Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ ***************************************************************** 17 Bellona: Sevmash completed hull construction of Alexander Nevsky nuclear submarine The second nuclear strategic submarine 4th generation laid down in spring, received its hull. 2004-08-30 16:49 The construction of the second nuclear strategic submarine of the 4th generation, project 955, Alexander Nevsky [http://www.bellona.org/en/international/russia/navy/northern_fle et/vessels/34010.html] passed an important stage – the Sevmash plant workers finished the hull of the new submarine. It is expected that in the current century Borey class submarines would become the foundation of the Russian navy together with project 971 nuclear multipurpose submarines. Publisher: Bellona Foundation [bellona@bellona.no] , President: Frederic Hauge [frederic@bellona.no] Information: info@bellona.no [info@bellona.no] , Technical contact: webmaster@bellona.no [webmaster@bellona.no] Telephone: +47 23 23 46 00 Telefax: +47 22 38 38 62 * P.O.Box 2141 Grunerlokka, 0505 Oslo, Norway ***************************************************************** 18 nzcity: Second nuclear monitoring station for Pacific [New Zealand City Ltd] 31 Aug 2004 14:24 31 August 2004 - article from www.rugbyleague.co.nz [http://www.rugbyleague.co.nz/] A Christchurch-based organisation has won the tender to build a nuclear monitoring station on Christmas Island. The National Radiation Laboratory's station will be used to monitor the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty on behalf of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organisation. National Radiation Laboratory scientist Martin Gledhill says getting the site up and running will not be as easy as others other stations the organisation has worked on. He says everything will need to be pre-assembled in containers and shipped via other Pacific islands, probably Fiji and Kiribati. The laboratory has already built one monitoring station in Mauritania and is constructing another in Fiji. © 2004 NZCity, IRN >> More Rugby League News © 2004 New Zealand City Ltd ***************************************************************** 19 Hawk Eye: IAAP Group Infobox 30 Monday, August 30, 2004, Site updated daily at 11 a.m. CST [http://www.thehawkeye.com Contact info For more information on the Alliance of Nuclear Workers Advocacy Groups and the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program: www.doesickworker.org — a Web site dedicated to the program with news reports and ANWAG releases on former Energy Department employees sickened by their work at plants nationwide. Coalition for a Healthy Environment, Oak Ridge, Tenn. — a group dedicated to workers' issues from a plant in Tennessee. Contact Harry Williams (865) 693–7249 United Nuclear Weapons Workers, St. Louis — a group dedicated to workers' issues from the Mallinkrodt plant in Missouri. Contact Denise Brock (636) 366–4428 Grassroots Organization of Sick Workers, Craig, Colo. — a group dedicated to securing federal compensation payments for sick and dying former nuclear weapons workers. Contact Terrie Barrie (970) 824–2260. Barrie, Brock and Williams work together in ANWAG. The Hawk Eye 800 S. Main St., Burlington, Iowa 52601 319-754-8461 · 1-800-397-1708 · FAX 319-754-6824 · webmaster@thehawkeye.com [webmaster@thehawkeye.com] ***************************************************************** 20 Hawk Eye: Claims seekers join advocacy group Monday, August 30, 2004, Site updated daily at 11 a.m. CST [http://www.thehawkeye.com] · NEWS Former weapons workers and relatives try new tack dealing with bureaucracy. By MATTHEW LeBLANC mleblanc@thehawkeye.com [mleblanc@thehawkeye.com] Several former Iowa Army Ammunition Plant workers sickened by years of exposure to radiation and chemicals during the Cold War have joined with a national group they say could help secure thousands of dollars in workers' compensation payments. The Alliance of Nuclear Worker Advocacy Groups is made up of three core workers advocacy groups in Colorado, Tennessee and Missouri. It has lobbied since February for changes in an embattled federal law designed to dole out compensation payments to former nuclear weapons workers. "The only way we're going to get anything done is calling and e–mailing," said Paula Graham, who lost three family members to illnesses she believes were caused by work at the Middletown plant. ANWAG began work earlier this year, sending e–mails, calling like–minded advocates for change in the laws and lobbying Congress to secure compensation for thousands of sick and dying weapons workers nationwide. Members of the group now number more than 1,000 and include representatives from several U.S. states. In Iowa, few of IAAP's workers have been compensated for illnesses that have been linked to work at the plant. Employees built, test–fired and disassembled components of nuclear weapons from the 1940s to the mid–1970s at the 19,000–acre plant. Terrie Barrie, who runs the Grassroots Organization of Sick Workers in Craig, Colo., said the only way to secure the funding — set aside by Congress in 2000's Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act — is to engulf state and federal legislators with letter, e–mails and telephone calls pushing for the needed compensation. "We're continuing to put the pressure on," Barrie said. Recently, an ANWAG–related Web site was posted and numerous statements were released to national and local media outlets in the hopes that reporters will focus on the weapons workers, whose problems with the compensation program has received little national attention. Representatives from Iowa in ANWAG are relatively new. Barrie, who helps coordinate the group with Denise Brock, of St. Louis and Harry Williams, of Oak Ridge, Tenn., could name only a few members with connections to IAAP. But Graham, 71, is one of those people. She's now forwarding e–mails and making phone calls to other interested parties. She's also contacted Iowa's congressional delegation to let them know she wants to be compensated for the deaths of her sister, her mother and her father. "The only way we're going to get this is through publicity," Graham said. Illinois resident Bob Anderson and Bonny Thayer, Burlington, have also been contacted by ANWAG. Under one section of the compensation program, former workers or their surviving relatives are eligible to receive a one–time $150,000 workers' compensation payment. Under another section of the program, compensation claims are sent to state officials, who then decide whether to make payments. Forty–seven of the $150,000 claims have been paid to IAAP workers, according to Department of Labor statistics. No state workers claims have been paid under the state program, though nearly 600 have applied for benefits. Currently stuck in a bipartisan House and Senate committee in Washington is legislation that would lessen the red tape associated with the compensation program, though it's unclear if those measures will make it to the floor of the House, where Representatives could debate the moves when Congress reconvenes next month. The legislation is supported by Iowa Sens. Tom Harkin and Charles Grassley. Rep. Jim Leach, R–2nd District, has said he will support the measures, which would moves claims filed under the program to the Labor Department, if they are sent to the House. Thayer, a former IAAP employee who worked with X–rays in the late 1940s to the early 1950s, admits she hasn't been active in ANWAG but is quick to say she supports the group's work. She's had at least four surgeries to remove cancer she believes was caused by her work. Thayer doesn't hold her breath, however, when she's told her compensation could be coming. "I don't think to see 50 cents," she said. "I think this is one of the most disgraceful things the government has ever done." Barrie, though, remains convinced her writing and telephone campaigns will bring help to former nuclear weapons workers in Iowa, Alaska, Colorado, Ohio and other states where sick workers have not been compensated. Her work will go on, she said. "This legislation is taking up all of our time," Barrie said. "We have been busy." The Hawk Eye 800 S. Main St., Burlington, Iowa 52601 319-754-8461 · 1-800-397-1708 · FAX 319-754-6824 · webmaster@thehawkeye.com [webmaster@thehawkeye.com] ***************************************************************** 21 Gallup Independent: RECA Compensation Tied to Skin Tone? Gallup, New Mexico Attorneys claim Navajos are being unfairly compensated for past exposure to uranium By Kathy Helms Dine Bureau TUBA CITY -- Divide and conquer. That's been the name of the game. It's a game of high stakes, too. Namely, human sacrifice. But no more. The "grassroots giant" is awakening and is on bended knee. Soon, he's going to be standing. And when he does, the Navajo people will "unite under one banner" to create change for the Nation. "That was a vision foretold generations ago, and we are fulfilling that vision," Norman Brown of Dine Bidziil (Navajo Strength) said Thursday afternoon following a status report on the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA). The meeting at Grayhills High School Auditorium was attended by uranium victims and their families, mostly elderlies. Though they came to the meeting a bit beaten down, perhaps, their spirit has not been broken. Now, this relatively uneducated portion of the Navajo population has wizened up. And the key question is, can compensation be far behind? Compensation disparities Cora Phillips of the Office of Navajo Nation President Joe Shirley Jr. said regardless of which of the affected agencies she travels to, there is a continuous outcry from the people about the disparities in compensation for people of color as opposed to Anglo uranium victims. "Among the Navajo, an estimated 18 percent of claims filed by radiation exposure victims are compensated. And yet, you have a Colorado law firm that's doing Anglo cases and they have a 96 percent compensable rate. So there is that extreme disparity. That is a strong message in itself that something is wrong, and it all goes back to the legislation," Phillips said. Cultural injustices have been imposed upon the Navajo people. "A prime example of this is the proof of residency issue. As small children, they lived under their parents' grazing permit. As a child, you cannot get a grazing permit of your own because you are a child, so you have to count on your parents. But in this case, the Department of Justice does not want to honor that, so it results in denial of these cases," Phillips said. While Anglos can turn to church rolls and club memberships for proof of residency, there is no roll call at traditional ceremonies and no certificates of completion awarded for spending a summer at Sheep Camp. "That's where the reform amendments need to be made," Phillips said. FUNDS DWINDLING A recent report from the U.S. General Accounting Office indicated that RECA funds are "dwindling to the point where people might be issued IOUs again, so there's this sense of urgency now because the program, we understand, is going to shut down as of 2011," Phillips said. "A very small percentage are getting compensated. In the meantime people are out there using whatever little resources they have been trying to get the necessary documents together, and in the end, it's like they've reached this dead end with nowhere else to go because of the laws that have been put in place," she said. The final straw was when the federal government came out with a final rule this spring which stated "that all non-attorneys and Native American representatives are not permitted to submit claims as of April 22, 2004," meaning that advocates such as Phil Harrison of the Navajo Uranium Radiation Victims Committee was no longer able to assist cancer victims such as Lucy Todecheenie and Marie Tomchee in filing their claims for compensation. By vastly reducing the number of victims' advocates who attempt to translate the facts of Navajo culture into Department of Justice legalese, the federal government is creating an even bigger backlog of cases on an already overburdened system. But it works nicely that way: The fewer cases approved, the less money the government has to shell out of an underfunded program to compensate victims, the more money it can put into a new round of nuclear weapons testing at Nevada Test Site while paying off uranium/radiation victims with IOUs. As of July, pending unpaid claims amounted to nearly $174 million. THE CURE-ALL? The only remedy at this time for Navajos is to turn to the winning law firm from Colorado. It's a gamble, of course. Sort of like a trip to the casino. But some are ready to hold their breath, pull the lever, and hope the spin doesn't stop on Coyote. According to Phillips, members of the Colorado law firm will be working with Navajo case managers such as Harrison. "With their expertise and their advocacy, we're hoping that some of these cases will get compensated rather than getting declined left and right." Jennifer H. McCall of the law firm of Killian, Guthro & Jenson of Grand Junction attended Thursday's meeting. The firm is naturally curious as to why the Navajo people are not being compensated and are anxious to help evaluate the RECA legislation and policies to see where it would be most feasible to make changes to benefit Navajo clients. Their assistance is not free, of course. Under the 2000 RECA amendment, attorneys who research and submit RECA claims also must follow RECA regulations limiting them to 2 percent for filing an initial claim. However, they can take home 10 percent if they resubmit a claim prepared for their client by a previous contractor, and that client was denied. Initially, RECA claimants can receive $100,000 in compensation from the Department of Justice (DOJ). However, under the 2000 amendment claimants can receive an additional $50,000 through the Department of Labor (DOL). The amendment also fixed attorneys' fees for processing EEOICPA claims at 2 percent, or $1,000 for the initial filing if the claim is successful. The attorney can collect an additional 10 percent for successfully appealing DOL decision. Victims' advocates have turned to the Navajo Health and Social Services Committee and Arizona Rep. Rick Renzi, R-1st District, for assistance. Renzi hopes to bring all major players together in Washington in mid-September, sit them all down in the same room and work out a strategy they can follow. Also, Phillips said, "There was a request put forth to the Health and Social Services Committee to do a strategic planning meeting and that strategic planning meeting will consist of this law firm from out of Colorado and hopefully some legal counsel from out of Navajo Nation Washington Office. "Hopefully, we'll get the snowball rolling and keep the momentum going, pace it out very carefully, very strategically. You obviously need the support of Congress to get these proposed amendments under way," she said. According to Harrison, the 2000 RECA final rule was published in the Federal Register this past April "after we started making noise. But there were some drastic changes in the provision. For example, where the Navajo Nation representatives were cut out of (filing) those claims, what do we do with claims that are backlogged? How do we do it where people will have due process in getting claims examined and getting them paid? "Navajo uranium workers were shortchanged," Harrison said. "They were not properly informed about the benefits they have had such as insurance. Some people had bought stocks and they were never told about where their money was at; and then there were people that were never informed about the possible benefits through Workman's Compensation." ONE VOICE After being told to stop representing Navajos, Harrison began calling around to see which firms were working on compensation cases and wound up at Grand Junction. "We established a collaboration with them and they began to explore the possibilities of the Navajo claims." St. Mary's Hospital in Grand Junction is being looked at for medical screenings outside the government health system. Also, historically, there have been several different individuals across the Navajo Nation working independently on victims' compensation cases. After what they see as inaction by tribal leaders and the Navajo Nation Council, the grass roots across Navajoland are speaking with one voice, the voice of "Navajo Strength." "It's a trust issue," Dine Bidziil's Brown said afterward. "What I mean by that is that our people no longer trust the words that come out of our hogan in Window Rock. So what we are doing is we are taking that trust and that hope through our prayers and speaking on their behalf." ***************************************************************** 22 Las Vegas SUN: Nader denounces gaming, Yucca during stop Today: August 30, 2004 at 11:13:26 PDT Independent presidential candidate visits Las Vegas By Molly Ball LAS VEGAS SUN Independent presidential candidate Ralph Nader denounced the gaming industry and the planned Yucca Mountain repository in a brief stop in Las Vegas on Sunday, his first visit to Nevada since 2000. On the eve of a lawsuit challenging his presence on the state's ballot, the liberal firebrand, who's becoming a worry for many Democrats, encouraged an enthusiastic audience of about 80 people not to settle for the "least worst" of the mainstream presidential candidates. A hearing is scheduled for today on a lawsuit, filed by the state Democratic Party, alleging that signature-gatherers for the Nader campaign misled signers or misrepresented themselves in collecting the 5,002 signatures needed to get on the state ballot. Nader denied the accusations and tried to position himself above the fray. "I say to both parties, get off our backs and don't involve us in your insidious schemes," he said. Nader said he has not accepted the help of Republican operatives who hope to use him to draw liberal votes away from Democratic nominee Sen. John Kerry, paving the way for a Republican victory. In Nevada, GOP activist Steve Wark has claimed he funded the Nader signature drive to the tune of $30,000. Democrats who want to keep Nader off the ballot ought to be working harder to appeal to voters, Nader said. "They're saying to these voters, 'You're too stupid to be allowed to vote for this ticket,' " he said. In his speech, Nader weaved local issues into his themes of anti-corporatism and environmentalism. Las Vegas, he said, is "a gambling paradise where people come as hopefuls and leave as losers," a place where "people are induced to bet on their future instead of build their future." As gambling in various forms is increasingly legalized around the country, Nevada will lose its monopoly, Nader predicted. To avoid economic devastation and the city's descent into pornographic "adult" pastimes, he recommended diversifying into solar energy, taking advantage of the state's abundance of sunshine. Nader, whose 40 years as a consumer activist bred a deep-seated hostility to corporations, painted the casinos as yet another of the big-business behemoths that victimize consumers and control Democrats and Republicans alike. "Their only redeeming feature in the ethical sense is they might be able to stop Yucca Mountain -- stop this state from being turned into a depot for radioactive waste from nuclear plants that never should have been built in the first place," Nader said. He pointed out that, as an opponent of nuclear power, he has opposed Yucca longer and more consistently than either Kerry or President George W. Bush. In 1976, Nader co-authored "The Menace of Atomic Energy" with John Abbotts. But Nader faces lingering liberal anger over the 2000 election, when, running on the Green Party ticket, he took about 3 percent of the vote and was blamed by Democrats for the deadlock and defeat in Florida. Earlier this month, filmmaker Michael Moore, a Nader supporter four years ago, got down on his knees on Bill Maher's cable television show and begged Nader to quit the race. This time around, Nader is making it more explicit than he did in 2000 that, while he holds a dim view of both parties, he harbors the greatest distaste for the Republicans, and that his ultimate goal is to get the attention of the Democrats. Painting the backdrop for his candidacy, Nader pointed to historical third parties whose popularity altered the political landscape: parties that opposed slavery, favored women's suffrage or spoke for the labor movement. None of those parties won a national election, he noted, but they succeeded in fomenting change. "The only vote that's wasted is when you vote for someone you don't believe in," Nader said. "The only vote that's wasted is when you vote for an agenda you don't believe in -- when you're so freaked out by the worst that you vote for the least worst." Nader predicted defeat for Bush in November. "He's self-destructing," he said. "Kerry isn't laying a glove on him, but Iraq is his swing state." Those who attended the speech said they liked Nader's message, but they were divided on whether or not he would get their vote. Clarke Finneran, 44, stood outside the speech holding a cardboard sign with the slogan, "Nader...unsafe at any speed," a reference to the candidate's famous 1965 book about the auto industry. He handed out slips of paper reading, "Ralph Nader needs your adulation, John Kerry needs your vote!!!" Finneran said liberals in Nevada have to be practical and team up to defeat Bush in a state most polls show to be a virtual dead heat between the two major candidates. "We don't have the luxury of voting for Ralph Nader," he said. "It's going to be either John Kerry or George Bush, so as Ralph Nader would suggest we can pick the lesser of two evils." Finneran also accused Nader of selling Kerry short. "He (Nader) acts like he's the only one with a health care plan," he said. Lea Daleo, 63, agreed wholeheartedly. "I have a lot of respect for Ralph Nader, a lot of respect for him," she said. "I loved him. I thought he was great. And I will be voting for John Kerry." But some said they would stand by their man. "Everybody says a vote for Nader is a vote for Bush," said Erica McNeely, 20. "But if everyone's too scared to vote for Nader, we'll lose the only voice that's questioning the system in place and isn't just siding with corporations." Questions or problems? Click here. ***************************************************************** 23 RGJ: Yucca Mountain fight not over yet http://www.rgj.com/ [online@rgj.com] RENO GAZETTE-JOURNAL 8/29/2004 11:31 pm All the Nevada delegates to the Republican National Convention want to influence policies that benefit the state. That’s why they’re making their way to New York. But those who think state officials should not hold talks with federal officials over Yucca Mountain and those who want to negotiate for benefits have practical and philosophical differences. If they could manage some kind of consensus, the convention would be the place to move on it. The fight-or-negotiate quandary is just one example of how people who are together on one issue can disagree on what to do about it. It illustrates that issues such as this are neither black-and-white nor examples of flip-flopping. They are complex projects of public-policy that require planning and thought to do the right thing. And it’s best if officials and the rest of the delegates agree on the plan. Top GOP leaders in Nevada have been involved actively in resisting the decision to place the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository less than a hundred miles from a major population center. Yet some of them think negotiating with their Republican fellows would be the wrong decision. Whether politically motivated or not, there must be a reason. And certainly the state could use more federal funds or other concessions, but bargaining means you have something with which to bargain. It wouldn’t be Yucca Mountain, would it? It is likely that everyone who has anything to do with deciding the repository’s fate will be in attendance at the convention. So, it’s logical to believe that delegates and state officials would have access to Energy Department officials, members of Congress and others who could conceivably support some aspects of the state’s position. It is possible to make opportunities to influence decision-makers, even if no open negotiation takes place. Networking and influencing to set agendas is as much the point of a national party’s convention as nominating the presidential candidate. Nevertheless, it is practical to avoid communicating tacit acknowledgment that the project is a done deal … regardless of whether negotiating or not negotiating is the agreed-upon strategy. There are still plenty people who think it isn’t over yet. © Copyright Reno Gazette-Journal, a [http://www.gannett.com] ***************************************************************** 24 RGJ: Poll shows Yucca issue is key for Nevadans ||| Home [http://www.rgj.com/] | Anjeanette Damon [adamon@rgj.com] RENO GAZETTE-JOURNAL 8/30/2004 12:04 am The federal government’s plan to store the nation’s most radioactive waste in Nevada has always been the third rail in Silver State politics. This year, it could mean the difference in the presidency. Nevada has become one of the most contested states in the presidential race, and both campaigns are focusing on the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain. A new poll shows their efforts are paying off. A majority of likely voters in the state -- 53 percent -- indicated Yucca Mountain will be an important issue in determining their vote for president, according to the Reno Gazette-Journal/News 4 poll. Surprisingly, more Washoe County respondents -- 57 percent -- said the repository was an important issue than Clark County respondents. Political analysts theorize that could be because of the number of conservationists and long-time residents in Northern Nevada. The issue plays more strongly among Democrats -- 67 percent of whom said Yucca Mountain was important, compared with 38 percent of Republicans. The repository is also a significant issue for independent voters, 56 percent of whom agreed it will play an important role in their presidential decisions. The poll was conducted by Maryland-based Research 2000. Six hundred likely voters were surveyed by telephone between Aug. 14 to Aug. 17. The poll has a margin of error of plus or minus 4 percentage points. With polls indicating President Bush and U.S. Sen. John Kerry, D-Mass., are locked in a neck-and-neck race, both sides are searching for a key issue on which to persuade voters. Although it is a convenient issue, some political analysts doubt Yucca Mountain will be the deciding factor. “I still think that as we get closer to election time, Yucca Mountain falls down the list of the economy, the war in Iraq and this more nebulous leadership issue,” said Eric Herzik, a political analyst and professor at the University of Nevada, Reno. But that hasn’t kept both campaigns from spending money on it. Last week, both campaigns launched television commercials attacking the other candidate’s record on Yucca Mountain. The Democratic National Committee and the Democratic non-profit organization MoveOn.Org also have bankrolled TV ads attacking Bush on Yucca Mountain. And experts said it is extremely unusual for presidential campaigns to spend money on state-specific advertising. “We don’t see ads tailored toward the state in the president race,” said Ken Goldstein, director of the University of Wisconsin Advertising Project and a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “Not only are we seeing a heavy volume of ads in Nevada, but we’re seeing ads creatively tailored toward Nevada.” The commercials don’t tell the entire story. From the beginning, Democrats have used Yucca Mountain as a way to attack Bush’s credibility, claiming he broke a promise to keep the repository out of Nevada. Non-profit political groups such as America Coming Together have taken the lead in the Yucca Mountain attacks, staging press events and sending campaign fliers laying the blame on Bush for the repository. Democrats base their attacks on a letter Bush wrote to Gov. Kenny Guinn during the 2000 campaign, in which he promised not to approve the site unless it was “deemed scientifically safe.” In 2002, Bush’s energy secretary recommended Yucca Mountain as the site, and Bush approved it. Bush maintains that he has always based his decision on science and not politics. Kerry said scientific studies have convinced him the project is not safe and has vowed to put an end to it if he is elected. And it was on scientific grounds that the state won a key court decision that could significantly delay or scuttle the project. Last month, a federal court found the radiation protection standard for the project did not meet legal requirements set by the National Academy of Sciences. Bush claims Kerry can’t be trusted on the issue because he voted seven times in favor of the project. “The president’s policy-based approach to Yucca Mountain is a stark contrast to the political doublespeak we have seen from John Kerry,” said Tracey Schmitt, a Bush-Cheney spokeswoman. Kerry said those votes were either procedural or simply authorized a study of the project. Since the project has been studied, Kerry said he has consistently voted against the project. Kerry’s record includes a 2002 vote to uphold Guinn’s veto of the project. In interviews with Nevada reporters this month, Kerry said he began voting against Yucca Mountain long before he started running for president. Despite the attention, Kerry’s Nevada spokesman, Sean Smith, said Yucca Mountain isn’t the centerpiece of their campaign in Nevada. “We don’t want it to be a single issue race,” he said. “At the end of the day, this race isn’t going to be won or lost on Yucca Mountain. George Bush’s failure to keep prescription drug prices low and make health care more accessible affects hundreds of thousands of Nevadans and are two issues he is extremely vulnerable on.” David Damore, a political analyst at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, said Democrats can’t simply blame the repository on Bush. “If they simply say Bush approved the dump, most people would feel that would’ve happened regardless of who’s in power,” Damore said. “Using it as a means to attack Bush’s credibility across the board, if it is used that way, can be more effective.” Nevada Attorney General Brian Sandoval, who has led the latest legal battle against Yucca Mountain and chairs Bush’s re-election campaign in Nevada, said it is significant that the Bush administration decided not to appeal the federal court ruling against the project. “That sends a strong message in and of itself,” Sandoval said. The Nuclear Energy Institute has asked for rehearing, but Sandoval said the administration had no control over that. Earlene Forsythe, chairwoman of the state Republican Party, said the issue isn’t important to voters in her party, who figure it is a done deal. “I’m not going to think about Yucca Mountain when I go to the polls,” she said. Forsythe is a delegate to the Republican National Convention, which begins today in New York City. She said Yucca Mountain is not an issue for the convention and was not considered for inclusion in the party’s national platform. “There’s really not much we can do with it,” Forsythe said. Democrats, on the other hand, included a national plank saying the party will “protect Nevada and its communities from the high-level nuclear waste dump at Yucca Mountain.” But Sandoval, who’s also a delegate, said he will use his time in New York to lobby politicians from around the country on Yucca Mountain. “I want to help them better understand Nevada’s position and why we’ve taken the position we have in court,” he said. Copyright Reno Gazette-Journal, a Gannett Co. Inc. ***************************************************************** 25 Salt Lake Tribune: Is GOP's Western strength fading? [http://www.sltrib.com] Last Updated: 08/30/2004 03:10:31 AM By Christopher Smith The Salt Lake Tribune NEW YORK - A week before he will take the stage here in America's biggest city to accept the Republican Party's presidential nomination, President Bush hauled former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani to little Farmington, N.M., to stump at a campaign rally. "I told Rudy, I said, 'I can't wait to get to Farmington,' Bush said Thursday in a rare appearance by a sitting president in the Four Corners region. "You're going to meet some really fine people here. It's a part of the country where the boots outnumber the suits." For more than two decades, the Mountain West also has been a part of the country where, in presidential elections, Republicans outnumber the Democrats. But Bush's off-the-beaten-path stop in Farmington underlines concerns that the Republican red may be fading in the southern reaches of the Intermountain region during a presidential election where every electoral vote is critical. That Bush has made four trips this year to New Mexico, the only Mountain West state he lost to Democrat Al Gore in 2000 and then by only 366 votes, reveals that the political landscape of the West is in play. The latest poll conducted in August showed Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry with a respectable 52 percent to 42 percent lead in New Mexico over Bush, with 6 percent of voters undecided. The northern tier states of the Mountain West - Utah, Idaho, Wyoming and Montana - remain solidly Republican, much as they have been since Ronald Reagan's groundbreaking 1980 campaign heralded a GOP shift in the region's presidential voting pattern, which up until then had followed national trends. But polls in Nevada, Arizona and Colorado, all states Bush narrowly won in 2000, show he and Kerry are in virtual ties when the margins of error are considered. Democratic strategists believe the standings signal the erosion of the Republicans' comfortable Western stronghold. "The fact we are only a couple points down in Nevada has got to be horrifying to the president," says Tad Devine, senior adviser to the Kerry campaign. The Bush campaign unveiled an ad in Nevada last week attacking Kerry for flip-flopping on storing nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain, a plan supported by the Bush administration but opposed by most Nevadans. While initially voting to study the idea, Kerry has said in campaign appearances he would work to prevent waste storage at Yucca Mountain. Bush has been accused in Nevada of pushing forward with the dump in contradiction to a 2000 campaign pledge. "Yucca Mountain is one issue, but I believe the people of Nevada and the people of the West understand that issue implicitly," says Bush campaign chairman Marc Racicot. "We do believe that the president's values and his understanding of the issues of the West is unique and it qualifies him in superior fashion to respond to what it is the people of the West have in expectations." Political scientists view the Yucca Mountain issue as symptomatic of the demographic changes in the West that are beginning to unwind with this election. The growth of New West metropolises such as Denver, Albuquerque, Salt Lake City, Phoenix and Las Vegas is being fueled by Hispanic immigrants and urban state relocators whose pro-environment ideology challenges Western land-use traditions. At the same time, generational replacement of voters is taking place, with World War II veterans dying at accelerated rates, to be replaced on voter registration lists by young people who may not even be familiar with Vietnam. "The long-term trends make a state like Nevada more susceptible to these issue appeals like Yucca Mountain, and what you have now is a state that is less likely to believe the Bush administration," says Brigham Young University Political Science Department Chair Kelly Patterson. "That lack of confidence is more likely a reflection of the demographic changes in the state." While the Kerry and Bush campaigns work to solidify or expand each party's support in the southern tier of the Mountain West, the two campaigns have all but ignored the northern tier, where Kerry has little chance of winning electoral votes, states Bush can comfortably bypass to focus on battleground states. "When you have limited resources, you have to prioritize on where you think you can be most effective," says Racicot, a former Montana governor. "The people in my home state are disappointed we haven't been there either." GOP loyalists in Utah, a state that has consistently given Republican presidential candidates since Ronald Reagan some of the nation's biggest winning percentages, still sometimes wonder if they are being taken for granted. An unscientific but telling indication of the dilemma is the Madison Square Garden convention floor seating assignments this week, where New Mexico and Nevada delegates are placed much closer to the stage than a Utah delegation that has bled Republican red for decades. "That's the downside for Utah in being so consistent in supporting the party," says Republican National Committee Utah committeeman Winston Wilkinson of Sandy. "In terms of how they parcel out the benefits at the conventions, it's tough to answer what do you bring to the party when every time there's an election we're 85 percent Republican." Keeping the loyal base happy while still welcoming the evolving demographics and expanding population of the Mountain West promises to be a vexing problem for some time to the Republican Party, says Patterson. "Over the long haul, there is going to be a redistribution of electoral votes from Northeastern states to the Intermountain West," he says. "All that will make the Intermountain West a larger player on the national stage, not this cycle or the cycle after it, but you can honestly look at a generation down the road where the Intermountain West will be a significant national player." © Copyright 2004, The Salt Lake Tribune. ***************************************************************** 26 Guardian Unlimited: Ministers break promises over nuclear waste Paul Brown and Rob Evans Tuesday August 31, 2004 The Guardian [http://www.guardian.co.uk] Nuclear waste from overseas power stations has been sealed in concrete and buried in several miles of trenches in breach of official government policy, the Guardian can reveal. Ministers have repeatedly promised that nuclear waste from abroad will not be buried in British soil to make good a pledge that Britain will not become a nuclear waste dump for countries such as Japan, Germany, Italy and Switzerland. But it has now emerged that more than 10,000 cubic metres of foreign nuclear waste is buried at Drigg in Cumbria because it is too expensive to transport it back to the countries that produced it. If the waste was buried side by side the trench would stretch for more than 10 kilometres. It is part of an ever-increasing mountain of waste stored at more than 20 nuclear sites in Britain. Government advisers have warned that up to 20,000 million cubic metres of this waste will pile up in the coming years - and there is no way of disposing of nearly all of it. The government is currently spending £1.3bn and is planning to increase this to £2bn a year for the next 40 years to try to solve the mounting problems. The Guardian has learned from Department of Trade and Industry consultation documents and key advisers that the government is to announce a change in its official policy and start charging foreign governments for the service of storing their waste and subsequently disposing of it in concrete bunkers. Until now, the government has insisted that all the waste would be sent back but it now sees retaining foreign nuclear detritus as a money-spinning venture. Allowing Britain to become a dump for foreign waste would also remove another problem - the threat of terrorists hijacking the nuclear material while it was being transported from Britain to other countries. For decades, thousands of tonnes of spent fuel, containing plutonium and uranium, have been imported into Britain from nine countries which have contracts with the state-owned British Nuclear Fuels Ltd to have it reprocessed. Two BNFL plants at Sellafield in Cumbria dissolve the fuel in acid and extract the plutonium and uranium so that it can be returned to those countries either for storage or reuse in nuclear stations. In practice not even this has happened and the plutonium and uranium remain at Sellafield under guard. In addition there is 405 cubic metres of high level waste and 3,383 cubic metres of intermediate level waste belonging to foreign countries stored at Sellafield. The UK has more than 10,000 cubic metres of high level waste of its own and another 250,000 tonnes of intermediate level waste. Once packaged into containers suitable for disposal the waste can be 10 times as bulky. Britain's own waste is in a series of deteriorating buildings at Sellafield and at least 19 other sites around the UK. Norman Baker, the Liberal Democrat spokesman for the environment, said of the Guardian revelations: "This is a disgrace. We have enough dangerous nuclear waste of our own without scooping in other countries' waste. "The Treasury and Depart ment of Trade and Industry do not mind endangering the environment as they attempt to reduce the horrendous amount of taxpayer's money that the nuclear industry generates. This government cannot be trusted to tell the truth, look after the environment or deal with the nuclear industry in any sort of sensible way." Blake Lee-Harwood, campaigns director of Greenpeace, said: "It is absolutely shocking that the government is reneging on one of its key promises [that nuclear waste] would all be returned to its country of origin. "This bodes ill for the future imports of spent fuel and the planned return of other wastes." The government set up an expert committee of radioactive waste management to advise on what to do about the problem of nuclear waste. Due to report by 2006, the committee has been first try ing to discover exactly how much waste there is in Britain and will then consider how to get rid of the plutonium and uranium that has been produced from reprocessing. The committee chairman, Gordon MacKerron, admitted: "It has always seemed to me unlikely that all the foreign wastes would be returned." Laurence Williams, the chief health and safety inspector of Britain's nuclear sites, said his task was making sure the existing wastes stored round Britain were kept in a safe state. "The mind boggles that scientists and technicians who did all these complex tasks like building nine nuclear power stations in 11 years, and ... built hydrogen bombs and reprocessing plants, could at the same time have chucked highly active waste into silos with no thought how to get it out," he said. "This is what we now have to do, and it is no easy task." The Guardian has applied under the "open government" code for details of contracts between the British and Italian governments, but the DTI, which is responsible for BNFL, has refused to release anything. The DTI claims that disclosure of the "sensitive" information would embarrass the Italian government and create diplomatic tension between London and Rome. Nuclear waste is divided into three categories - high level, intermediate level and low level based on the level and type of radioactivity. Of most concern is the high level waste. It is so radioactive that it produces heat and has been kept in liquid form in tanks for up to 50 years at Sellafield before being turned into glass blocks for storage. The government admits that a quarter of this type of waste belongs to foreign governments. Intermediate level waste is not heat-producing and can be packaged in concrete for safety. Both these types need to be isolated from human contact for up to 200,000 years. The low level waste is by far the greatest volume and includes everything from gloves and overalls to large pieces of equipment and concrete. The only place to store this in Britain is Drigg, which will be full by 2050. Government advisers estimate that there will be enough low-level waste produced in the next 50 years to fill 15 Drigg dumps. The DTI was unable to comment on the disposal of foreign waste yesterday. Graphics The Mox ships' journey around the world (pdf) [http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Guardian/documents/2002/09 /17/nuclear_ship.pdf] Nuclear map of Britain US nuclear map Useful links British Energy [http://www.british-energy.com/] Department of Trade and Industry [http://www.dti.gov.uk/] British Nuclear Fuels Ltd [http://www.bnfl.co.uk/website.nsf/default.htm] Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament [http://www.cnduk.org/] Greenpeace [http://www.greenpeace.org/homepage/] HSE nuclear glossary [http://www.hse.gov.uk/nsd/ilrwglos.htm] UK atomic energy authority [http://www.ukaea.org.uk/] National Radiological Protection Board [http://www.nrpb.org.uk/] Friends of the Earth [http://www.foe.co.uk/campaigns/climate/press_for_change/dump_nuc lear/index.html] World Nuclear Association [http://www.uilondon.org/] World Nuclear Transport Institute [http://www.wnti.co.uk] [UP] Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2004 ***************************************************************** 27 Press & Dakotan: NewsXcel Seeks To Decommission Nuclear Plant 08/30/04 SIOUX FALLS (AP) -- Xcel Energy has applied to decommission a building at a non-working nuclear power plant that the company owns in eastern South Dakota between Sioux Falls and Brandon. Plans are to remove remaining contamination at the last building associated with the Pathfinder plant, said Joel Beres, a spokesman for Xcel in Minneapolis. The contamination has low levels of radiation and is confined to pipes inside the turbine building, said Beres. Repeated surveys have detected no radiation in groundwater, surface water or soil, he said. A public meeting with Xcel Energy and government officials is planned Tuesday evening to review cleanup and decommissioning plans. The plant has been out of action since 1967 when two tubes burst there. The reactor fuel was removed in the early 1970s, and the two most contaminated buildings came down in 1992, said Beres. The reactor was an early prototype and produced only a small amount of commercial power. ŒŒIt was sort of a novel design, and it was a pioneering effort at the time,'' Beres said. ŒŒIt was one of the very first commercial nuclear reactors.'' Meanwhile, Northern States Power (now Xcel) decided to focus instead on the much larger Prairie Island and Monticello reactors in Minnesota, said Beres. Still, Beres said Pathfinder helped spur the industry. ŒŒThose people went on to build other plants in NSP, so there was a lot of good operational information,'' he said. z Steve Wegman, an analyst with the South Dakota Public Utilities Commission, said part of his family's history is tied to the Pathfinder plant. ŒŒMy dad got to build it,'' he said. ŒŒAnd the cool thing is, I got to shovel pea gravel when it was decommissioned.'' The pea-sized gravel ensured that the reactor could never be used again, he said. The plant also was notable for its design, which used superheated steam, he said. Xcel Energy operates a natural gas power plant at the site and the company is building a third gas turbine there. All Contents ©Copyright Yankton Daily Press &Dakotan . Please read our Privacy Policy [http://www.yankton.net/privacy.html] . Yankton Daily Press & Dakotan [webteam@yankton.net] . ***************************************************************** 28 AU ABC: Nuclear waste dump to become election issue. 30/08/2004. ABC News Online "Australian Broadcasting Corporation Online"> [http://www.abc.net.au/] The possible site of a national nuclear waste dump in the Northern Territory is set to become an election issue in the knife-edge seat of Solomon. The Federal Government is looking for somewhere new to store its radioactive waste after abandoning a site in South Australia. Labor's candidate for Solomon Jim Davidson says his CLP opponent has already said he wants the dump in the Territory. But Mr Davidson says it is something he would never support. "Territorians have for too long been treated like poor cousins by this Federal Government," he said. "There is no way that I'm going to sit by and allow the Federal Government impose its will on Territorians by creating a nuclear waste dump in the Territory." The CLP's Dave Tollner, says the idea of putting a dump in the Territory was first raised by Labor many years ago. But he says he has never advocated the Territory as a waste site. "Nuclear waste should be stored in the safest possible location. Now if that location was to be in the Northern Territory we would have a responsibility as Australians to take that waste on. Now that's what I've said." © 2004 Australian Broadcasting Corporation ***************************************************************** 29 The Australian: Problems at uranium mine - report [August 30, 2004] Multimedia [http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/mm] By Paul Osborne WORK at the Northern Territory's controversial Ranger uranium mine will stop temporarily after two reports found the mine's radiation clearance measures and water systems were inadequate. Supervising Scientist Arthur Johnson found leaking pipes and broken and corroded valves were common around the mill. But he backed mine operator Energy Resources of Australia's view that the problems had not affected the health of mine workers or the mine's neighbours. ERA said it would temporarily suspend mining and processing from tomorrow for several days to address the issues raised by reports from the Office of the Supervising Scientist. ERA chief executive Harry Kenyon-Slaney said the company would not shy away from tackling issues raised in the reports. In March this year, 28 mine workers reported suffering from nausea, stomach cramps and vomiting after drinking and showering in water contaminated with 400 times the allowable limit of uranium. The mine and mill were shut down, but a day later the company established that drinking water from a holding tank adjacent to Jabiru airport had discharged to the environment. Dr Johnston found the primary cause of the leak was that an operator unknowingly opened a valve connecting the process water system with the drinking water system on March 23. But he said the underlying cause was the poor condition of the process water distribution system. The control room log at Ranger included about 30 entries related to the failure of, or repairs to, the process water distribution system in March. "A general inspection of the mill noted that leaking pipes were common, valves were broken and corroded, temporary hose connections were present and the colour coding of pipes was in many instances obscured by rust and grime," Dr Johnston said. Staff also reported they were forced to use alternative water supplies to keep equipment operational. Dr Johnston said ERA had promised to fix the problems, but the measures should be set in law. The investigation found it was unlikely that there would be "any longer-term or delayed health effects on target organs such as the brain, liver and kidney before of the brief period of exposure to the contaminated water". But the report recommended ERA establish a follow-up health monitoring program for affected workers, which the company has agreed to do. Dr Johnston said the incident would not impact on Kakadu's ecosystem or the health of people drinking from creeks and billabongs downstream from the mine. Dr Johnston also examined an incident in February where two bobcat earthmovers had been returned in a mildly contaminated condition to Jabiru. Dr Johnston said he had discovered at least three occasions where vehicles left the Ranger mine site without adequate radiation clearance in 2003 and 2004. He said while members of the public were exposed to low levels of radiation over a period of several months "no adverse health effects were likely as a result". ERA, which is 68.4 per cent owned by Rio Tinto Ltd, exports uranium oxide to Asia, Europe and North America solely for use in nuclear-powered electricity generation. Mr Kenyon-Slaney said ERA had made improvements over the past four months to address the water incident and the closure would give staff time to finalise changes. "ERA deeply regrets these incidents and on behalf of the company I apologise to all stakeholders for the failure of the mine to meet all of the standards set by regulators," he said. Federal Industry Minister Ian Macfarlane said he would ensure through independent audits that the company complied with new standards. "Any failure to meet these standards will cause me to suspend any further operation of the mine," Mr Macfarlane said. © The Australian ***************************************************************** 30 AFP: Radioactive leak pollutes German river [http://www.spacewar.com/] STUTTGART, Germany (AFP) Aug 30, 2004 A radioactive leak at a nuclear power plant in southwest Germany has polluted a tributary of the Rhine river, the regional environmental ministry said here Monday. The incident happened in late July when the plant underwent an annual check-up, said the ministry in Stuttgart, capital of the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg. The leak at Neckarwestheim released a tiny amount of radioactivity into the Neckar river which flows into the Rhine not far from Heidelberg. The ministry said the population in the area was not at risk but the leak still raised concern as two similar incidents had been reported from a nuclear power plant in the same region, at Philippsburg, in September 2002 and April The ministry has asked plant officials at Neckarwestheim to explain why the incident was only reported about a month after it occurred. All rights reserved. © 2004 Agence France-Presse ***************************************************************** 31 Las Vegas SUN: Poll shows Yucca Mountain on minds of Nevada voters Today: August 30, 2004 at 8:02:56 PDT ASSOCIATED PRESS RENO (AP) - The prospect of burying high level nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain is on the minds of Nevada voters, a new poll indicates. According to the poll conducted by the Reno Gazette-Journal and KRNV-TV, 53 percent of likely Nevada voters said Yucca Mountain will be an important factor in deciding which presidential candidate they will vote for. Nevada has become one of the most contested states in the presidential race, and both campaigns are focusing on the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain. Among Democrats, 67 percent said Yucca Mountain is important, compared with 38 percent of Republicans. The repository is also a significant issue for independent voters, 56 percent of whom agreed it will play an important role in their presidential decisions. Maryland-based Research 2000 conducted the poll, interviewing 600 likely voters by telephone between Aug. 14 through Aug. 17. The poll has a margin of error of plus or minus 4 percentage points. With polls indicating President Bush and U.S. Sen. John Kerry, D-Mass., are locked in a neck-and-neck race, both sides are searching for a key issue on which to persuade voters. Although it is a convenient issue, some political analysts doubt Yucca Mountain will be the deciding factor. "I still think that as we get closer to election time, Yucca Mountain falls down the list of the economy, the war in Iraq and this more nebulous leadership issue," said Eric Herzik, a political analyst and professor at the University of Nevada, Reno. But that hasn't kept both campaigns from spending money on it. Last week, both campaigns launched television commercials attacking the other candidate's record on Yucca Mountain. --- Information from: Reno Gazette-Journal -- ***************************************************************** 32 Tri-City Herald: Opinions Tanks a lot This story was published Monday, August 30th, 2004 If you saw someone's head spinning over the weekend, chances are they work for CH2M Hill Hanford Group. On Aug. 23, the company was lauded for its contribution to the removal of the last liquid and radioactive and chemical wastes from Hanford's single-shell tanks. Two days later, the Department of Energy docked the company $300,000 for six safety violations at the tank farms over the last 14 months. Such a precipitous fall would give anyone whiplash. Safety has to be the top job, of course. The deadly dregs of plutonium production that remain at the tanks farms demand it. Still, it would have been nice to let the glow of Monday's celebration fade a little before slapping the company with what amounts to a fine. During the same period the violations occurred, CH2M Hill workers were completing one of the most environmentally important and technically difficult jobs at Hanford. The entire region is safer because of the effort to pump liquids out of the leak-prone single-shell tanks. The task was completed as soon as it was only because tank farm workers dedicated themselves to it, giving up Christmases, weekends and evenings to speed up the schedule. The six safety incidents are serious, and the $300,000 loss will no doubt motivate company officials to focus on needed improvements. That's fine, but let's not let it diminish the region's gratitude for a dangerous and difficult job done well. © 2004 Tri-City Herald, Associated Press &Other Wire Services ***************************************************************** 33 Tri-City Herald: Hanford fire chief to retire This story was published Monday, August 30th, 2004 By Annette Cary Herald staff writer The badge and emblem of the head of the Hanford Fire Department are being retired, not to mention his well-used cell phone and pager. After 27 years of being on call seven days a week, 24 hours a day, Fire Chief Don Good is retiring. A parade of Hanford prime contractors, Hanford managers and Department of Energy secretaries have come and gone since 1977, but Good has been a constant at the site. "He's cool under fire," said Rich Slocum, deputy vice president of Fluor Hanford, the DOE contractor in charge of emergency services. "He never gets frustrated. He's always in command." As fire chief and director of the Hanford Fire Department, Good has been responsible for emergencies on the 560 square miles of the Hanford nuclear reservation. The 136 fire department workers are spread among four fire stations and one maintenance facility. They respond to about 1,200 calls a year. In part, his career has been notable for what has not happened. His department is responsible for fire suppression, emergency medical and ambulance service and specialized rescue. But it's also responsible for fire prevention, including fire hazard analysis and developing the design for fire protection systems in buildings. As a rookie firefighter at the Rocky Flats nuclear reservation, he helped fight the 1969 plutonium fire that was not only the worst accident in the plant's history, but also one of the most costly industrial accidents in U.S. histories, according to Colorado. But under Good's watch as Hanford fire chief, the Hanford fire of June 2000 ravaged nearly 200,000 acres in a perfect storm of weather conditions without any major structures destroyed nor any off site radioactive releases from Hanford's hundreds of waste sites. None of the 900 firefighters who responded received radiological contamination, even though the fire was so powerful that flames leaped 20 feet into the air and the fire advanced 20 miles in 90 minutes. "Unflappable," is how DOE spokeswoman Colleen French described him after the 2000 fire. "Your actions have consistently demonstrated courage, insight and professionalism in dealing with some of the most dangerous materials known to man, under emergency conditions," wrote Keith Klein, the manager of DOE's Richland operations, in a letter to mark Good's retirement. "The stakes could not have been higher: inaction -- or the wrong actions -- could have resulted in untold damages to workers, the public and our national defense." Good's decision to become a firefighter was something of a fluke. With no career goal in mind when he graduated from high school, he joined the military. He left with one bit of advice from his father, a World War II veteran: "You'll be fine. Just don't volunteer." He followed that advice until a call went out looking for volunteer firefighters. Good couldn't resist. Duties turned out to be shoveling coal into the base furnace. But after Good finished his service and went to college, he still was thinking about becoming a firefighter -- the kind who put out fires. He served for almost 14 years at Rocky Flats before coming to Hanford as fire chief. Here, his influence has spread beyond Hanford to the surrounding fire fighting communities. He not only was generous in sharing the resources of the Hanford Fire Department, but also has maintained DOE support for service to the public, said Bob Gear, chief of Benton County Fire District 1. From floods to firefighter funerals, Good was ready to help with Hanford resources, said Kennewick Fire Chief Bob Kirk. "Don has always been open to looking at different ways of looking at fire service," Kirk said. That's ranged from a joint recruit school with the city of Kennewick to putting together a program of incident management teams to help individual departments in the region in major emergencies, from fires to searches for missing children. Good says he may do some consulting work after he ends his 40 years of fire and emergency service Tuesday at the age of 62. But mostly he looks forward to having more time for family, including a new grandson, he said. It's also time to provide someone else the opportunity he had to manage the Hanford Fire Department, he said. Watching young firefighters, male and female, join the service and develop new skills has been one of the most rewarding elements of his career, he said. He has some advice for his successor, who has yet to be picked. Listen, Good advised. That may have something to do with Good's longevity and success with government program that's seen frequent changes in leadership. He made a point of paying attention to what his workers said and also listening to the wishes of the many contractors, subcontractors and other groups with an interest in Hanford. "We're going to be at a loss in the community to get someone back in like him," Kirk said. "They don't make them like they used to." © 2004 Tri-City Herald, Associated Press &Other Wire Services ***************************************************************** 34 lamonitor.com: Life at the lab settling down The Online News Source for Los Alamos [http://www.lanl.gov/worldview] [http://www.lac-nm.us] ROGER SNODGRASS, [roger@lamonitor.com] , Monitor Assistant Editor It's probably fair to say that stress is up and morale is down at Los Alamos National Laboratory these days. But rumors that LANL employees were retiring in droves turned out to be false. With two months remaining in the fiscal year, there were 220 retirements, vs. 235 for all of last year. James Rickman, a laboratory spokesperson, reported recently that June retirements were above normal. But, he said, that was typical because UC policy allows people who retire before July to be eligible for next year's cost of living increase. He said retirements had been tracked since the July 14 all-hands meeting, at which LANL Director G. Peter Nanos called for the resignation of the "cowboys" and "bad actors," whom he accused of ruining the laboratory's reputation. Between July 14 and early August, 59 people had put in for retirement - a statistical bounce, but not the hundreds that some reports had estimated. Since Aug. 18, workplaces like cafeterias, the library and museum have been allowed to reopen. Employees have been permitted to drive government vehicles and use the office coffeemakers again, according to a laboratory fact sheet of resumption activities. The suspension of classified work and operations with any degree of risk continues, while risk assessments are being processed. The laboratory fact sheet describes the low end of risky business, termed Level 2 activities, as including "work of moderate complexity" - like construction and activities that involve "small radioactive sources," "hazardous chemicals, nuclear materials, high explosives or ionizing radiation at levels that could result in minor worker injury." On the more dangerous side, or Level 3, are the most complex and potentially perilous operations, for example, "activities that provide a high potential for significant internal or external exposure of workers to highly toxic, carcinogenic, or radiological materials." Security risks differ between the two levels as well. Level 2 can be characterized as using "non-accountable classified matter that does not use CREM," (Classified Removable Electronic Material). A report of CREM missing from the Weapons Physics Directorate on July 7 was among the immediate causes of the stand down. Level 3 work may involve the use of "classified information contained in accountable documents or accountable CREM." While the nuclear weapons lab has been indisposed, attending to its work resumption project, LANL has undergone another battering series of reviews by the Department of Energy's Office of Inspector General. During the first three weeks of August, the IG has issued six audits, five of which have been critical of Los Alamos. There is no sign yet of the next round of scrutiny expected to come from congressional investigations and federal audits on the security and safety incidents that prompted the shutdown. Employees have been asked to take a pledge, that they "will not violate LANL's safety, security or compliance requirements, nor tolerate those among us who do." Employees have been assured that they will not be punished for raising concerns about safety, security and compliance issues. Whistleblower policies were updated since the suspension began. Like many documents related to the suspension and resumption of activities, the updated policies are available only on lab's internal network. "The impact of the shutdown of Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico could ripple out to the distant corners of the solar system," an article in the current issue of Science magazine began. The principal investigator for a NASA voyage to the outer perimeter of the solar system said he was worried that a late delivery of the spacecraft's nuclear propulsion system from LANL could postpone the mission. LANL's troubles may have stirred the ambitions of other labs in the nuclear complex. Upon signing a memorandum of understanding with the Savanna River Laboratory, South Carolina State University's President, Dr. Andrew Hugine, Jr., was quoted by the Time Democrat of Orangeburg, S.C. earlier this week. "Now we can compete equally with the Los Alamos and Oak Ridges of this country and the other national laboratories," he said. [http://www.dncu.org/] [http://www.lanb.com/] © 2003 Los Alamos Monitor All Rights Reserved. ***************************************************************** 35 Secrecy News -- 08/30/04 Date: Mon, 30 Aug 2004 13:33:55 -0400 SECRECY NEWS from the FAS Project on Government Secrecy Volume 2004, Issue No. 77 August 30, 2004 ** A CONGRESSIONAL JOINT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE (CRS) ** EDITORIALS CONVERGE ON INTELLIGENCE BUDGET DISCLOSURE ** WHITE HOUSE ISSUES ORDERS ON INTELLIGENCE REFORM ** A PRO-INTELLIGENCE CRITIQUE OF SECRECY ** GESETZ UBER DIE UNGARISCHEN SICHERHEITSDIENSTE A CONGRESSIONAL JOINT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE (CRS) The pros and cons of a joint congressional committee to oversee intelligence are weighed in a new report from the Congressional Research Service. "Of all our recommendations," wrote the 9/11 Commission in its final report, "strengthening congressional oversight may be among the most difficult and important." (p. 419) The Commission found that congressional oversight of intelligence is "dysfunctional" and recommended that oversight be consolidated in some kind of joint committee. The history of the joint committee concept, its strengths and weaknesses are considered in "A Joint Committee on Intelligence: Proposals and Options from the 9/11 Commission and Others," updated August 25, 2004: http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL32525.pdf Direct public access to CRS reports like this one is not authorized by Congress. A copy of the report was obtained by Secrecy News. EDITORIALS CONVERGE ON INTELLIGENCE BUDGET DISCLOSURE Both the Washington Post and the New York Times published editorials on August 28 that included calls for disclosure of the intelligence budget. It was sort of like the secrecy policy equivalent of when both Time and Newsweek put Bruce Springsteen on their covers during the same week in 1975. "The Sept. 11 commission recently recommended declassifying intelligence community budget information," noted the Post editorial board. "This would be a good place to start." See "Too Much Secrecy," Washington Post, August 28: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40226-2004Aug27.html "For openers, the budget should be made public," concurred the New York Times the same day: http://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/28/opinion/28sat4.html Editorial endorsement of the 9/11 Commission's bipartisan recommendation in favor of intelligence budget disclosure does not guarantee that such disclosure will take place. But the outcome will provide a tangible indicator of the success or failure of secrecy reform in intelligence. Meanwhile, officials at CIA have been slow to disenthrall themselves and to decide whether even half century-old historical intelligence budget figures can be published without threatening the security of the United States. They have sixteen days left to figure it out. (Their reply on the matter is due September 15 in DC District Court.) WHITE HOUSE ISSUES ORDERS ON INTELLIGENCE REFORM On August 27, President Bush issued four executive orders and two presidential directives on intelligence reform and related topics. The orders generally strengthen the programmatic authority of the Director of Central Intelligence and establish a new National Counterterrorism Center. The new issuances are described in an August 27 White House fact sheet, which includes links to each of them: http://www.fas.org/irp/news/2004/08/wh082704fs.html In a background briefing about the new orders, "a senior White House official" answered reporters' questions. The transcript of the August 27 background briefing is here: http://www.fas.org/irp/news/2004/08/wh082704.html A PRO-INTELLIGENCE CRITIQUE OF SECRECY Secrecy policy today does not serve the needs of U.S. intelligence well, writes Hoover Institution analyst Bruce Berkowitz in a penetrating article in the Hoover Digest. "The whole purpose of intelligence is to give us an information advantage over our adversaries. Secrecy protects this advantage by keeping our opponents from knowing what we know. But poorly designed systems for protecting secrecy can give away any advantage we gain when they prevent us from using our intelligence effectively." Berkowitz observes that there is no well-developed theory that describes how secrecy is supposed to work or that identifies when its costs exceed its benefits. "Without this kind of understanding of how secrecy works, our policies are really just a conglomeration of rules and traditions, most of which were adopted many years ago and many of which are poorly suited for current conditions." He proposes several features that would characterize the ideal security system, though he does not identify any particular category of information now kept secret that he says should not be. Despite the patent failure of official secrecy policies, change has been slow to come. "One reason these problems have persisted for some time is that too few experts from within the intelligence community have complained," he says. Berkowitz himself may be in a position to help remedy that. Since writing the article, he has gone on leave from the Hoover Institution and now serves as Director of Forecasting and Evaluation in the Office of the Undersecretary of Defense (Intelligence). See "Secrecy and National Security" by Bruce Berkowitz, Hoover Digest, Summer 2004: http://www.hooverdigest.org/043/berkowitz.html GESETZ UBER DIE UNGARISCHEN SICHERHEITSDIENSTE Somebody somewhere probably wants it, so here it is: Hungary's 1995 law governing its intelligence and security services, translated from Hungarian into German (thanks to the translator, Robert Fuchs): http://www.fas.org/irp/world/hungary/1995law.pdf _______________________________________________ Secrecy News is written by Steven Aftergood and published by the Federation of American Scientists. To SUBSCRIBE to Secrecy News, send email to secrecy_news-request@lists.fas.org with "subscribe" in the body of the message. To UNSUBSCRIBE, send a blank email message to secrecy_news-remove@lists.fas.org OR email your request to saftergood@fas.org Secrecy News is archived at: http://www.fas.org/sgp/news/secrecy/index.html Secrecy News has an RSS feed at: http://www.fas.org/sgp/news/secrecy/index.rss _______________________ Steven Aftergood Project on Government Secrecy Federation of American Scientists web: www.fas.org/sgp/index.html email: saftergood@fas.org voice: (202) 454-4691 ***************************************************************** 36 [du-list] du in the news - 30 Aug 04 Date: Mon, 30 Aug 2004 18:48:12 -0700 VIEQUES out, NC in? Washington Daily News - Washington,NC,USA ... caused by decades of military activity. Weapons tested in the firing range included highly polluting depleted uranium ammunition. ... ... <http://www.wdnweb.com/articles/2004/08/29/news/news01.txt> To unsubscribe from this groups send a message to du-list-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com. In the body of the message type unsubscribe and send. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ADVERTISEMENT f3fd08.jpg f3fd55.jpg ---------- Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: * http://groups.yahoo.com/group/du-list/ * * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: * du-list-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com * * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. Attachment Converted: f3fd08.jpg: 00000001,6aec249e,00000000,00000000 Attachment Converted: f3fd55.jpg: 00000001,6aec249f,00000000,00000000 ***************************************************************** 37 Google News Alert - nuclear Date: Mon, 30 Aug 2004 16:18:12 -0700 (PDT) US Presses UN Agency on Iran Nuclear Program NPR (audio) - USA Description: The United States accuses Iran of having a covert nuclear weapons program and wants the International Atomic Energy Agency to refer the matter to ... See all stories on this topic: IAEA Wants More Information about Libya's Nuclear Suppliers Voice of America - Washington,DC,USA ... atomic-weapons program. The agency says it needs more information on the suppliers of nuclear equipment. IAEA spokeswoman Melissa ... See all stories on this topic: KERRY camp sets out nuclear deal for Iran Sydney Morning Herald (subscription) - Sydney,New South Wales,Australia A John Kerry administration would propose to Iran that it be allowed to keep its nuclear power plants in exchange for giving up the right to retain the nuclear ... See all stories on this topic: CLARK slams Christchurch nuclear investigation Stuff.co.nz - New Zealand Environment Canterbury's (ECan) decision to debate the potential use of nuclear power has been dismissed as waste of time by Prime Minister Helen Clark. ... See all stories on this topic: INDIA tests nuclear missile Gulf Daily News - Manama,Bahrain NEW DELHI: India successfully test fired a long-range nuclear-capable Agni II missile off its eastern coast yesterday, a defence ministry spokesman said. ... See all stories on this topic: SIX-PARTY Nuclear Talks Likely to be Held in September Chosun Ilbo - South Korea The South Korean ambassador to the United States says the next round of multilateral talks aimed at resolving the North Korean nuclear impasse will likely ... See all stories on this topic: NUCLEAR water leak delays plant reopening Mainichi Shimbun - Tokyo,Japan ONAGAWA, Miyagi -- A water leak found at a nuclear power station has forced Tohoku Electric Power Co. to delay the scheduled reopening ... See all stories on this topic: LUGAR is away on nuclear business Indianapolis Star - Indianapolis,IN,USA ... officials. Spokesman Andy Fisher said Lugar often works on the Nunn-Lugar Nuclear Cooperative Threat Reduction Program in August. ... SECOND nuclear monitoring station for Pacific NZ City - New Zealand A Christchurch-based organisation has won the tender to build a nuclear monitoring station on Christmas Island. The National Radiation ... EUROPE Big Three Near Nuclear Deal with Iran to Avoid “Nightmare ... Payvand - Iran ... said to avoid the nightmare of an arms race in the region, Britain, France and Germany were close to a deal to supply Iran with nuclear energy technology in ... See all stories on this topic: This daily-once News Alert is brought to you by Google News (BETA)... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Remove this News Alert: http://www.google.com/newsalerts/remove?s=92d1672a1b037a07&hl=en Create another News Alert: http://www.google.com/newsalerts?hl=en Try Google News: http://news.google.com/ ***************************************************************** NOTE: In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107 this material is distributed without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving this information for non-profit research and educational purposes only. 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