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02/24/04 **** RADIATION BULLETIN(RADBULL) **** VOL 12.47
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Send News Stories to news@energy-net.org with title on subject
line and first line of body
NUCLEAR POLICY
1 BBC: Iran nuclear omissions worry UN
2 Las Vegas SUN: North Korea Seeks Compensation for Freeze
3 US: & What About The Nukes?: Climate Collapse/Pentagon/World Bank
4 Hi Pakistan: Pakistan's nuclear programme in danger: Qazi -->
5 Hi Pakistan: Senate resumes debate on N-proliferation -->
6 Hi Pakistan: EU to press for N-safeguards -->
7 Hi Pakistan: Nuclear devices kept apart to allay US concerns - Benaz
8 Hi Pakistan: I refused to sell Pakistan's nuclear technology - Benaz
9 Hi Pakistan: Sheikh Rashid contradicts Benazir's statement -->
10 Hi Pakistan: President blamed for nuclear roll back
11 Hi Pakistan: Iran made and tested polonium - report
12 Las Vegas SUN: U.N. Sees Progress in Nuke Market Probe
13 IAEA Chief ElBaradei Cites Libya's Cooperation
14 Arutz Sheva: PM to Discuss Vanunu Release Today
15 Las Vegas SUN: Malaysia's PM Defends Nuclear Probe
16 IAEA: Countries Work to End Radiums Hot Legacy
17 IAEA: The Promise of Underground Geological Repositories
18 IAEA: News Center : In Focus : IAEA and Iran
NUCLEAR REACTORS
19 US: Brattleboro Reformer: Yankee safety study mulled
20 US: NRC: Regulatory Guide; Issuance, Availability
21 US: NRC: NAC International Issuance of Environmental Assessment and
22 US: NRC: Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collecti
23 US: NRC: Sunshine Act Meeting
24 US: Brattleboro Reformer: VY emergency funds may go directly to town
25 US: NRC: Regulatory Information Conference
26 asahi.com: Nuclear reactor plans take a hit
27 US: NRC: NRC to Hold Predecisional Enforcement Conference to Discuss
28 US: NRC: NRC Modifies Order Requiring Inspection of Pressurized Wate
29 US: NRC: Collection, Reporting, or Posting of Information; Availabil
NUCLEAR SAFETY
30 [DU-WATCH] Must Read Clusterbombs
31 [DU-WATCH] DEPLETED URANIUM SAFETY FEARS CONTINUE
32 [DU-WATCH] DARPA creating a race of robo-grunts
33 [du-list] Audio and Powerpoint - Iraqi MD exposes effects of
34 [DU-WATCH] Audio and Powerpoint - Iraqi MD exposes effects of
35 [DU-WATCH] Scandal of Gulf war guinea pigs
36 [DU-WATCH] MOD accepts DU has the potential to cause ill health
37 [DU-WATCH] Depleted Uranium: The war crime that has no end
38 [du-list] Japanese split over Iraq mission
39 [du-list] This time, depleted uranium questions are coming
40 US: Las Vegas SUN: Fallon cancer cause remains unknown
41 US: RGJ: Panel says no more environmental testing recommended in Fal
42 Russia Journal: Editorial - Coming clean with submarines
43 Russia Journal: Defense - Russia gets $21.5m for nuclear submarine d
44 US: U.S. Newswire: DOE Suspends Rulemaking on Proposed Safety Rules
45 US: Daily Herald: Radium removal plan almost set
NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE
46 US: ahimsa sumchai: Hunters Point Transfer controversy Heats Up
47 US: Las Vegas SUN: Brian Greenspun: Accidents are inevitable
48 AP Wire: Abraham: Plutonium plant will be completed on time
49 Australian: Protest on proposed N-waste dump
NUCLEAR WEAPONS
50 US: Salt Lake Tribune: Matheson urges support against N-testing
US DEPT. OF ENERGY
51 Tri-City Herald: Nuclear plant changes name
52 Oak Ridger: BWXT Y-12 gets 'prestigious' award
53 Oak Ridger: DOE shelves planned change to safety rules
54 Oak Ridger: Another View: Government contractors must pay their taxe
55 Oak Ridger: Boyd's crystal ball: Oak Ridge is a good place to be
56 DBJ: Flats workers look ahead to the end
OTHER NUCLEAR
57 Google News Alert - nuclear
58 Google News Alert - nuclear
59 Bellona: Report: World fuel cell markets on the rise
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FULL NEWS STORIES
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1 BBC: Iran nuclear omissions worry UN
Last Updated: Tuesday, 24 February, 2004
[Iran's Bushehr nuclear plant under construction]
Iran had agreed to fully disclose its past nuclear activity
The United Nations nuclear agency has said it is seriously
concerned by Iran's failure to declare aspects of its nuclear
programme.
It said in a report that Iran had not declared designs for a
centrifuge used to make bomb-grade material.
Iran had also experimented with polonium, a radioactive substance
that can trigger a nuclear blast, it said.
Western diplomats told the BBC the report raised questions about
Tehran's readiness to co-operate with the UN.
The Iranian government agreed last year to make a full disclosure
of its nuclear activities.
"I hope this will be the last time any aspect of the programme
has not been declared to us," said Mohammed ElBaradei, head of
the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Black market sources
The latest IAEA report, obtained by the BBC, said it was
seriously concerned that Iran did not declare designs for the
advanced P-2 centrifuge.
"The omission from Iran... to any reference to its possession of
the P-2 centrifuge design drawings and associated research... is
a matter of serious concern," it said.
[The nuclear power plant in Bushehr, Iran] Tehran insists its
nuclear programme is for energy
The recent revelations about the nuclear black market that
supplied Libya's atomic programme have also shed light on Iran,
the IAEA said.
"The basic technology is very similar [to that of Libya] and was
largely obtained from the same sources," says the report.
But the IAEA welcomed Iran's agreement to suspend enrichment
activities and to stop the assembly and testing of centrifuges,
saying it would help to build confidence.
The US has accused Iran of pursuing a nuclear weapons programme,
but Iran says its nuclear programme is for purely peaceful
purposes.
Pressure
Polonium can be used in conjunction with another metal -
beryllium - to ensure that the chain reaction leading to a
nuclear explosion is initiated at the correct moment.
Polonium-210 is a radioactive metallic substance that does have a
number of industrial uses.
The discovery that Iran has both produced and experimented with
the substance has nonetheless caught the attention of nuclear
weapons experts, says BBC defence correspondent Jonathan Marcus.
In itself, this does not prove one way or another that Iran has
or had a nuclear weapons programme, our correspondent says, but
it does raise some worrying questions in the minds of inspectors.
And, according to Western diplomats, it underlines the need for
Iran to make a full disclosure of its past nuclear activities.
Libya has agreed to give up all of its nuclear weapons-related
activities.
In the process, Western intelligence agencies and the IAEA have
been able to lift the veil on the shadowy nuclear export
operation run from Pakistan by the scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan.
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2 Las Vegas SUN: North Korea Seeks Compensation for Freeze
Return to the referring page.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Today: February 24, 2004 at 10:50:28 PST
North Korea Seeks Compensation for Freeze
By TED ANTHONY
ASSOCIATED PRESS
BEIJING (AP) -
Ahead of six-country talks about its nuclear ambitions, North
Korea demanded compensation Tuesday in exchange for freezing its
weapons program as China, the host and mediator nation, played
down expectations of an imminent breakthrough.
North Korea issued its latest condition hours before delegates
from the Koreas, China, the United States, Russia and Japan were
to convene in Beijing on Wednesday. It was a common maneuver for
the North, which often deploys such statements as leverage in
sensitive situations.
"Only if the compensation issue is settled can the North Korean
freeze plan be achieved," a North Korean Foreign Ministry
spokesman was quoted as saying in Pyongyang, the North's
capital, by China's official Xinhua News Agency on Tuesday.
"If the `freeze first, compensate later' question is raised in
these talks, North Korea will resolutely oppose it," the
spokesman said in language that was nevertheless delicate for
the North.
In December, North Korea proposed freezing its nuclear
activities in return for economic aid and other concessions from
the United States. But Washington demanded that Pyongyang start
dismantling its nuclear programs first.
The talks are convening after months of efforts to get all six
countries on board for the dispute, which is largely between
North Korea and the United States. The previous six-party
meeting, held in August, ended with no hint of agreement and
only vague promises to meet again.
North Korea's partners in the talks all have publicly expressed
desire for a nuclear-free Korean Peninsula. At issue are
allegations that Pyongyang has a uranium-based weapons program
as well as its known plutonium-based one. North Korean leader
Kim Jong Il's government has denied having a uranium-based
program.
The latest meeting was brokered by Beijing, which is in a unique
position as North Korea's last major communist ally and an
economic partner of the United States and the other nations
involved. Assistant Secretary of State James Kelly is leading
the U.S. delegation.
"We are undertaking a significant yet arduous task," Chinese
Vice Foreign Minister Dai Bingguo told delegates at a welcome
dinner Tuesday. "However, where there is a will, there is a
way."
Before Pyongyang's statement Tuesday afternoon, delegates from
the six nations - North Korea included - sounded largely upbeat
notes as they arrived in the Chinese capital. The North's Vice
Foreign Minister, Kim Kye Gwan, said "the circumstance of the
talks is better than the previous one."
"We appreciate the efforts done by the Chinese side. We will do
our best to make out good results at the talks," said Kim, as
quoted by Xinhua.
China prescribed realistic expectations for the talks and said
any long-term solution would probably require more time.
"The Chinese side hopes that consensus can be reached. But we
don't believe it's possible to reach consensus on all issues,"
Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Zhang Qiyue said Tuesday. It was a
notion she reiterated several times, suggesting China's unease
about overinflated hopes for a quick breakthrough.
Still, Zhang added, "We hope this will be a smooth round of
talks, and we're hoping to get more results."
The North has been "earnest and serious" about resolving the
nuclear issue, Xinhua said, citing Vice Foreign Minister Wang
Yi, China's top negotiator, who met with Kim after he arrived.
Wednesday's opening was preceded by a flurry of diplomatic
activity.
Japan said North Korea had expressed "readiness" to abolish its
nuclear program, and South Korea said the United States was
considering Seoul's proposal to deliver "countermeasures" to the
North in return for dismantling its nuclear programs.
"The United States shares a significant understanding of the
conditions we attached to the proposed North Korean nuclear
freeze," Lee Soo-hyuck, the South Korean negotiator, said after
meeting with Kelly and Japanese Foreign Ministry Director
General Mitoji Yabunaka.
The United States had no immediate comment on the matter.
Delegates from Seoul and Pyongyang met late Tuesday to discuss
South Korea's proposal, and Lee said later that the North
presented no "specific disagreement" with a nuclear freeze.
--
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3 & What About The Nukes?: Climate Collapse/Pentagon/World Bank
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2004 00:23:06 -0500
Click On URL [below] For Missing Hyperlinks.
My questions pertain to the story below-
hopefully someone has an answer or at least likely
answer. If you do, please respond:
1. How would this mass chaos and
physical/environmental radical changes including
an ice age or ice age like conditions effect the
440 [about] nuclear power plants [ NPPs] and their
waste around the globe? What would happen if one
or many are simply flooded over Atlantis style?
What would happen if they are buried by land
and/or rock?
What happens if they are in an area that is simply
inaccessable and left running without any human
control?
2. Ditto with nuclear weapons, their monitoring
systems, nuclear waste dumps?
Any/all responses or educated views to these
questions are welcome. Maybe we can help mitigate
a catastrophe or catastrophes before they happen?
Any thoughts?
http://www.greenpeace.org
http://www.greenpeace.org/international_en/news/details?item_id=415878
World Bank, Pentagon: global warming red alert
Weather of mass destruction bigger threat
than terrorism
Sun 22 February 2004
UNITED STATES/Washington, DC
A world thrown into turmoil by
drought, floods, typhoons. Whole countries
rendered uninhabitable. The political capital of
the Netherlands submerged. The borders of the US
and Australia patrolled by armies firing into
waves of starving boat people desperate to find a
new home. Fishing boats armed with cannon to drive
off competitors. Demands for access to water and
farmland backed up with nuclear weapons. Sound
like the ravings of doom-saying environmental
extremists? It's actually from a report
commissioned by the Pentagon on how to ready
America for the coming climate Armageddon.
Fifteen years ago, some of us were
warning of the impacts of fossil fuels on the
climate. The science was less conclusive than
today, but we, along with most climatologists,
believed that the consequences were of such
magnitude that immediate action was prudent.
Today, environmentalists aren't the only ones
saying that. The World Bank and the Pentagon have
both commissioned studies which finally admit that
our world is in serious peril, and the biggest
threat to our future is not terrorism, but our own
dependence on fossil fuels. In other words, "We
have met the enemy, and he is us."
This year, the small circle of
remaining climate "skeptics" -- scientists and
politicians who don't believe that global warming
is happening, or who refuse to accept a human
element in its making, narrowed so far that
Exxon/Mobil and the President of the United States
may soon be the sole, shrill naysayers.
Sir David King, Chief Scientist in
Tony Blair's government, has said that global
warming is a greater threat than terrorism. Hans
Blix, who ran the UN weapons inspection programme
in Iraq, says the same thing.
And now, two of the most conservative
institutions in the world, the Pentagon and the
World Bank, have received studies recommending
immediate action to address imminent threats posed
by global warming, with the Pentagon's report
warning that global warming is a greater threat
than terrorism.
World bank: "global warming requires
immediate action"
Earlier this month the Financial Times
revealed that the World Bank was rejecting the
recommendations of an independent panel that they
had appointed. The panel's mission was to assess
the environmental, institutional, poverty, and
human rights impacts of the World Bank's
investments in "extractive industries:" gas, coal,
oil, and mining. Their recommendation was to phase
out all investments in fossil fuels over the next
eight years:
"The WBG [World Bank Group] should
aggressively increase investments in renewable
energies by about 20 percent annually. WBG lending
should concentrate on promoting the transition to
renewable energy..."
The World Bank's current energy
lending dedicates 6 percent to renewables, 94
percent to oil. In rejecting the recommendation of
the independent panel, the Bank is targeting $US
300-500 million annually in loans promoting
development of oil -- and the slow cooking of our
planet.
Pentagon: "global warming requires
immediate action"
The Pentagon's planning scenario says
that global warming "should be elevated beyond a
scientific debate to a US national security
concern." It declares that "future wars will be
fought over the issue of survival rather than
religion, ideology or national honour."
It envisions the need to turn the US
and other rich western countries into
"fortresses," armed against an angry tide of
people displaced by rising sea levels or unable to
grow food, and running for their lives.
The report doesn't hem and haw the way
the White House does. It doesn't speak in tortured
sentences to suggest that the scientific community
isn't convinced. It hasn't been proof-read and
edited by Exxon/Mobil. It says it plain:
"Rather than decades or even centuries
of gradual warming, recent evidence suggests the
possibility that a more dire climate scenario may
actually be unfolding."
The report was commissioned "to
develop a plausible scenario for abrupt climate
change that can be used to explore implications
for food supply, health and disease, commerce and
trade, and their consequences for national
security."
Here's the "plausible scenario" that
the Pentagon envisions:
"By 2005 the climatic impact of the
shift is felt more intensely in certain regions
around the world. More severe storms and typhoons
bring about higher storm surges and floods in
low-lying islands such as Tarawa and Tuvalu (near
New Zealand). In 2007, a particularly severe storm
causes the ocean to break through levees in the
Netherlands making a few key coastal cities such
as The Hague unlivable. Failures of the delta
island levees in the Sacramento River region in
the Central Valley of California creates an inland
sea and disrupts the aqueduct system transporting
water from northern to southern California because
salt water can no longer be kept out of the area
during the dry season... As glacial ice melts, sea
levels rise and as wintertime sea extent
decreases, ocean waves increase in intensity,
damaging coastal cities. Additionally millions of
people are put at risk of flooding around the
globe (roughly 4 times 2003 levels), and fisheries
are disrupted as water temperature changes cause
fish to migrate to new locations and habitats,
increasing tensions over fishing rights."
The Pentagon foresees fishing wars
between Spain and Portugal. Pakistan, India, and
China - all armed with nuclear weapons - skirmish
at their borders over refugees, access to shared
rivers, and arable land. Bangladesh becomes
uninhabitable. Drought hits the American
breadbasket. Britain's weather begins to resemble
Siberia. India, South Africa, and Indonesia are
ripped apart by civil war.
And ultimately, the report forecasts a
decrease in the planet's human carrying capacity,
leading to sharp reductions in the world's
population due to starvation, disease, and war.
Bush: "the jury is still out on global
warming."
But so far, George Bush is sticking to
the line that the Kyoto treaty was "unscientific,"
that "the jury is still out" on global warming,
and that everyone "misunderestimates" him.
Actually, Mr. Bush, the jury's been in
for some time, and now even a report commissioned
by your own Pentagon is saying you're wrong.
Perhaps it's time you focussed on the real
terrorist threat to our planet: the oil companies
like Exxon which continue to fund your
re-election, and whose interests you continue to
defend at the expense of our future.
While you're pursuing policies that
accelerate the production of greenhouse gases and
continuing to deny the existence of a threat, the
World Bank is being told it has to stop
subsidizing Armageddon, and the Pentagon is
war-gaming ways to survive a catastrophe it's
calling plausible.
If you were willing to launch a
pre-emptive war on enemies you believe may someday
think about attacking the US, wouldn't it seem
prudent to take pre-emptive action against climate
change?
Take action
Tell the head of the World Bank to
reconsider and start phasing out support for
fossil fuels now.
Don't buy Exxon. Don't buy Esso.
More information
Read the full report.
The future of British summer?
Key findings of the
Pentagon Report (source: The Observer)
a.. Future wars will be
fought over the issue of survival rather than
religion, ideology or national honour.
b.. By 2007 violent
storms smash coastal barriers rendering large
parts of Holland inhabitable.
c.. In California the
delta island levees in the Sacramento River area
are breached, disrupting the aqueduct system
transporting water from north to south.
d.. Between 2010 and
2020 Europe suffers an average annual temp drop of
6F degrees. Weather patterns in Britain begin to
resemble Siberia.
e.. Nuclear arms
proliferation is inevitable. Japan, South Korea,
and Germany develop nuclear-weapons capabilities,
as do Iran, Egypt, and North Korea.
f.. A 'significant drop'
in the planet's ability to sustain its present
population will become apparent over the next 20
years.
g.. Rich nations like
the US and Europe would become 'virtual
fortresses' to prevent millions of migrants
fleeing flooded or starving lands.
h.. Deaths from war and
famine run into the millions until the planet's
population is reduced to a point the earth can
support.
i.. Access to water
becomes a major battleground. Nile, Danube and the
Amazon are all mentioned as high risk.
j.. Europe will face
huge internal struggles as it copes with massive
numbers of migrants washing up on its shores.
k.. Bangladesh becomes
nearly uninhabitable because of a rising sea
level, which contaminates inland water supplies.
Read the full report here.
Related stories
US climate criminals descend on talks
Greenpeace obtains smoking-gun memo:
White House/Exxon link
What is the cryosphere, and why
should we care?
Wind: more jobs and power for same
investment
Pay up, Exxon
Where has all the ice gone?
print send
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4 Hi Pakistan: Pakistan's nuclear programme in danger: Qazi -->
February 25 2004
PESHAWAR: Pakistan’s nuclear programme is in danger as the US
forces has engulfed the country on the pretext of searching Osama
bin Laden, warned MMA acting president Qazi Hussain Ahmad.
"The US has been repeating its accusations that Pakistan army has
given shelter to Osama and on the basis of this, it (US) could
attack anywhere any time," he told a student gathering at
Al-Markaz-e-Islami here on Monday.
Qazi Hussain Ahmad suggested the rulers to review its policies as
the US wanted to eliminate the Muslims from earth in its drive
against terrorism. All those, who oppose the US hegemonic
designs, he said, were taken to Guantanamo bay, where there is
neither any court nor justice.
The MMA leader said US wanted to occupy our resources and the
sitting rulers were making their task easy. He said if the
irresponsible rulers would not have supported US aggression in
Afghanistan, it could never dare to accuse Pakistan of intruding
in Kashmir and of terrorism.
Condemning the frequent statement of President General Pervez
Musharraf’s (Pakistan first) Qazi Hussain Ahmad said that US has
in fact given this word to Musharraf. He posed a question as to
what would be the role of Pakistan if US attack on Iran and
whether Musharraf would still repeat "Pakistan first" if America
attacked Madina?
"The Muslim Ummah should be at the top," he said adding that the
MMA was ready to face the challenges and foil the nefarious
designs of enemies. He said the conspiracies against the MMA were
being hatched on the directives of US.
Severely criticising Punjabi conference at Lahore, the MMA
president said such conferences were being organised to fan
prejudice in the country. "Tomorrow, Baloch, Pakhtuns and Sindhis
will organise such conferences, which will eliminate the very
existence of Pakistan," he said adding that such conferences were
reflecting a slave mentality. He asked the students to play their
effective role in closing down such trend of holding such
conferences.
Earlier, the provincial minister for food, excise and taxation,
Fazal Rabbani advocate, while addressing the meeting, highlighted
the achievements and programmes of the MMA government in the
province.
Copyright 1996-2002 . Hi Pakistan. All rights reserved. No part
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5 Hi Pakistan: Senate resumes debate on N-proliferation -->
February 25 2004
ISLAMABAD: Proliferation of nuclear technology was the focus of
the debate on Monday when the Senate resumed its discussions on
the President's speech to the joint sitting, with the opposition
accusing the government of bypassing Parliament , while treasury
members appreciating government's handling of the issue.
However, the lack of quorum again marred the Senate proceedings
which was adjourned until Wednesday 3pm by Chairman Muhammadmian
Soomro. PPP Senator Khawaja Akbar pointed out to the lack of
quorum during the late night sitting.
Earlier, the ANP parliamentary leader in the Senate Asfandyar
Wali, in his speech, asked the government to take the parliament
into confidence over the sensitive issue of nuclear proliferation
and recalled that during the height of the Kargil conflict, the
members of both the Senate as well as the National Assembly were
informed about the issue during two separate briefings.
"Today the country is standing at a crossroads and there is a
strong need of doing away the personal interest for the sake of
country's security," he said, adding that developing national
reconciliation and the national consensus on sensitive issues was
the need of the hour and the government should show magnanimity
by taking a lead in this direction.
Asfandyar Wali also accused the government of trampling on the
concept of provincial autonomy by forming district governments to
operate for six years under the local government system, and
putting them under the direct control of the centre.
Referring to the statement of President Gen Pervez Musharraf in
which he stated that the military as an institution was being
targeted due to ulterior motives, Mr Wali said, the Army would
remain the subject of criticism because the president continued
to wear the caps of the President as well as the army chief
simultaneously.
He suggested that Pakistan should avoid meddling in the affairs
of Afghanistan and emphasized that only a strong and stable
Afghanistan could guarantee a strong and stable Pakistan.
"Al-Qaeda is not a creation of the Pakhtoon society," he said,
adding that those responsible for its creation knew where the
leaders of this group were hiding.
He said the constitution of the National Security Council(NSC)
would only weaken the existing institutions of the country. He
was also bitter over the fact that the Supreme Court, which
itself could not amend the constitution vested the power upon
President Musharraf to amend the constitution according to his
needs.
PML-N Senator Sajid Mir in his hard hitting speech held the
successive military rulers responsible for all the ills the
country was facing and raised seven questions seeking answers
from the government.
He accused Gen Musharraf of failing to convince the West about
the difference between fighting for freedom in Kashmir and
terrorism. By assuring Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee
that no future infiltration in Kashmir would take place from our
side and that Osama Bin Laden and Mullah Omar were hiding
somewhere in NWFP, we were ourselves accepting our role in these
crimes.
"Who supported Kashmiri jihad, who created Taliban, who trained
Al-Qaeda and who proliferated nuclear technology," he asked
demanding if these all were wrong than those involved should be
punished.
Dr A.Q.Khan and his team was being accused of transferring
nuclear technology to countries like North Korea, Iran and Libya
when these countries were themselves not naming Pakistan,
President Musharraf was just passing the buck. Not a single
citizen in the country was ready to accept that only Dr Khan
himself is involved in proliferation.
Copyright 1996-2002 . Hi Pakistan. All rights reserved.
*****************************************************************
6 Hi Pakistan: EU to press for N-safeguards -->
February 25 2004
BRUSSELS, Feb 23: European Union foreign ministers pledged on
Monday to keep a close watch on Pakistan's nuclear plan, and said
they would continue to press Islamabad to accept international
nuclear safeguards.
In a wide-ranging discussion of relations with Islamabad, EU
ministers also promised help in building closer India-Pakistan
ties, spotlighted Pakistan's demands for a quick ratification of
a trade agreement with the EU and for the first time recognised
the need to tackle Islamabad's growing number of trade and
anti-dumping problems.
The nuclear part of the ministerial discussions were kept
confidential but diplomats told Dawn the harshest words on
Pakistan's nuclear stance came from Danish Foreign Minister Per
Stig Moller who said worries over Pakistan's nuclear programme -
and the fact that Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden was probably
still hiding in the country's mountains - were giving him
sleepless nights.
Irish Foreign Minister Brian Cowen, however, noted Islamabad's
"surprising openness to discuss difficult issues in a
constructive manner." "I think we should engage more on a regular
basis with Pakistan, specially on nuclear proliferation and
counter-terrorism," diplomats quoted Cowen as telling his EU
counterparts.
The Irish minister, whose country currently holds the EU
presidency, also urged the bloc's governments to solve current
bilateral trade problems with Pakistan, noting that "these are
very important for the country."
Mr Cowen also promised to inform the European Parliament on
Pakistan's demands for a quick ratification of a trade agreement
signed with the EU. A formal statement of ministers voiced strong
support for improving ties between India and Pakistan.
Copyright 1996-2002 . Hi Pakistan. All rights reserved. No part
*****************************************************************
7 Hi Pakistan: Nuclear devices kept apart to allay US concerns - Benazir
February 25 2004
ISLAMABAD: PPP leader Benazir Bhutto Monday conceded that under
US pressure she asked the army and the President during her
regime not to assemble a nuclear bomb.
Talking to BBC TV, Bhutto said she convinced the then president
and the army not to put together the nuclear devices. Bhutto said
that there were lot of concerns about Pakistan's nuclear
programme and claimed "so I sat down and convinced the president
and the army and co-opted the nuclear scientists to ensure there
were no export of nuclear weapons and that we would not put
together our nuclear devices."
"So that there was a time lag in the event that there was a
threat .. because when we put together a device it takes time,"
she said.
Referring to the negotiations, which her government was having
with the then Bush (senior) administration, she said the U.S.
government was very worried about Pakistan's nuclear programme.
She observed there was also a fear of an attack on Pakistan's
nuclear assets - on the line of the one Israel had carried out on
Iraq's nuclear plant.
Bhutto said she addressed the concerns of the Bush administration
to "protect" the country's nuclear programme. The concerns, she
said, were over the export of Pakistan's nuclear programme and on
handling of enriched uranium. They have a concern "whether we go
on producing enriched uranium," she said.
Copyright 1996-2002 . Hi Pakistan. All rights reserved. No part
*****************************************************************
8 Hi Pakistan: I refused to sell Pakistan's nuclear technology - Benazir Bhutto
February 25 2004
LONDON: Benazir Bhutto said today that she was approached several
times when she was Pakistani prime minister by military officials
and scientists seeking permission to export nuclear technology,
but turned down their requests.
In an interview with the Financial Times newspaper, Bhutto said
she and senior military officers had agreed on a bar on the
export of nuclear technology in December 1988.
This, however, did not prevent senior military officials and
scientists persisting with the idea and later in her first term
broaching the subject of raising money by selling nuclear
know-how, she said.
"It certainly was their belief that they could earn tons of money
if they did this," she said.
Copyright 1996-2002 . Hi Pakistan. All rights reserved.
*****************************************************************
9 Hi Pakistan: Sheikh Rashid contradicts Benazir's statement -->
February 25 2004
ISLAMABAD: Information Minister Sheikh Rashid Ahmed said on
Monday the government was not involved in Nuclear proliferation.
Speaking in BBC World programme, Asia Today, he said that Benazir
Bhutto is the most corrupt, dishonest and power hungry politician
of Pakistan.
The Minister said Benazir Bhutto's frontman late Dr. Niazi had
been getting money from Libya. He said Benazir wants to involve
President Musharraf but he has nothing to do with it. At the time
when all this was happening, he was somewhere else. He had
nothing to do with either nuclear proliferation or KRL.
Replying to a question the Minister said, he was very much
involved in the investigation. "We have questioned General
Jehangir Karamat and General Mirza Aslam Beg.
Sheikh Rashid said, no government, was involved in Nuclear
Proliferation. It was a personal act of two or three scientists.
"We have investigated very deeply and when IAEA gave the
information, we sent our very senior people there to check the
case. And when we matched the statement of IAEA and the
governments of Libya and Iran, at that time we took action and
arrested 11 people."
To another question why the government did not take money from Dr
Qadeer Khan he said that it was not the question of money. "Even
we did not receive money of money laundering or any other amount
from Switzerland which we know belongs to Benazir Bhutto."
He said, If, Mr. Khan or somebody else had received money, "We
are investigating, we are not going to leave this case easily."
As far as Benazir Bhutto's allegation about the involvement of
others, he said it was not correct.
When President General Musharraf took over, from that day till to
date, there is a very strict command and control system. We have
ensured that there should not be any case like this.
He said, sooner or later, the people will come to know that all
money came through Dr. Niazi who was the front man of Benazir
Bhutto. "She wants to use the Media as American election campaign
is underway and the media is preoccupied with election issues.
Nuclear Proliferation case is also there."
He said, she knows that she can't enter Pakistan. There are
corruption cases against her, that's why she is going to use the
media to create problems for the government which is committed
against terrorism and against nuclear proliferation.
Copyright 1996-2002 . Hi Pakistan. All rights reserved. No part
*****************************************************************
10 Hi Pakistan: President blamed for nuclear roll back
February 25 2004
LAHORE: Deputy opposition leader in the Punjab Assembly, Rana
Sana Ullah has alleged that Gen. Pervez Musharraf has rolled back
the nuclear programme and handed over its control to the America.
Talking to reporters at the premises of Punjab Assembly today, he
said, the President has put the country's stability at stake
saying supreme national interests are being compromised.
"Gen. Musharraf alone has no right to decide the future of the
nation of his own," he opined. He said the increasing graph of
poverty and the deteriorating law and order showed the
inefficiency of the government.
He flayed government for defaming Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan to
appease America. He said to protect the nuclear technology was
the responsibility of the government.
Copyright 1996-2002 . Hi Pakistan. All rights reserved.
*****************************************************************
11 Hi Pakistan: Iran made and tested polonium - report
February 25 2004
WASHINGTON: Iran produced and experimented with polonium used in
the timing of nuclear explosions some time ago, but says it was
not used for such purposes, The Washington Post said today.
The International Atomic Energy Agency will include Iran's
experimentation with polonium in a report to be submitted this
week at the United Nations, two people familiar with the report
told the daily.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
About Us | Private Policy | Advertise on HiP |
Copyright 1996-2002 . Hi Pakistan. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced without the
written permission and prior consent of the webmaster.
*****************************************************************
12 Las Vegas SUN: U.N. Sees Progress in Nuke Market Probe
Today: February 24, 2004 at 4:25:28 PST
By GEORGE JAHN ASSOCIATED PRESS
TRIPOLI, Libya (AP) -
The head of the U.N. atomic watchdog agency said Tuesday he was
confident that Libya would be declared free of all traces of its
nuclear weapons program within three months, and said Tripoli
was helping the probe of the international black market.
Mohamed ElBaradei, director general of the International Atomic
Energy Agency, spoke after meeting with Abdul Rahman Shalgam,
the Libyan foreign minister, at the end of two days of talks on
the progress being made in scrapping Tripoli's nuclear arms
program.
"We are very pleased with the results of my meeting," ElBaradei
said, praising Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi and other officials
for "complete openness and transparency," since Libya's decision
in December to end its efforts to develop weapons of mass
destruction.
"Part of that program has already been eliminated and we still
have some work to eliminate other parts that are less
sensitive," he said, speaking of the nuclear component. He
pledged his agency's support for peaceful Libyan nuclear
programs in the field of agriculture and industry, once the last
vestiges of military activity have been dismantled and removed.
Shalgam urged other nations in the region to follow Libya's
example and use nuclear energy only "for the sake of prosperity
and progress." While not naming any particular countries, his
comments appeared directed at Israel, which is thought to have
nuclear weapons but has never acknowledged possessing them.
Libya was able to work for two decades on a secret nuclear arms
program because of imports of black market technology and
know-how.
In comments Monday on the illicit network that linked Europe,
Asia, Africa and the Mideast, ElBaradei said new countries with
illicit nuclear arms programs may be revealed through
investigations by his agency and national intelligence services.
On Tuesday, he called his talks with Libyan officials "very
helpful ... in providing information on routes of supply, extent
(and) scope" of the black market. He said he would be leaving
Libya with a better "understanding (of) parts of the puzzle that
were not very clear to us before."
Libya, one of the key customers of the nuclear peddlers, has
blown the whistle on the head of the network, Pakistani
scientist Abdul Wader Khan, and more than a dozen of his
middlemen.
Libya's cooperation may prompt an end to the U.S. ban on
American travel to the North African country that was imposed in
1981. After years of icy relations between the two nations,
Secretary of State Colin Powell says the ban would be reviewed
at 90-day intervals.
The Bush administration already has decided to send a U.S.
diplomat to Tripoli and is thinking about letting Libyan
students return to American universities.
Some key elements of Libya's nuclear weapons program are still
in place three months after its government pledged to scrap
them, ElBaradei said. He did not elaborate, but another
delegation member, speaking on condition of anonymity, said
centrifuge equipment that can enrich uranium to weapons grade
still remained assembled and in Libya.
Other equipment already has been shipped to the United States,
which along with Britain, negotiated the process that led in
December to Libya declaring its weapons programs - and it's
desire to scrap them. Also in the United States, under IAEA
seal, are drawings of a 1960s nuclear warhead supplied by Khan's
network.
Another delegation member said much of the investigative work
into the nuclear supply chain would likely be finished within
three months. But ElBaradei cautioned of possible surprises
ahead.
"We are still trying to understand the network, we are still
trying to see whether other countries have received technology,
have received weapons designs," he said. "We are putting the
pieces of the puzzle together and trying to understand whether
there is any additional work ... for us in the future."
He did not elaborate, but diplomats familiar with the IAEA work
have said Iran is suspected of buying nuclear warhead drawings,
along with the enrichment equipment it acknowledges.
Iran, which was also supplied by the Khan network, denies that
it is producing nuclear weapons, insisting it wants to enrich
uranium to lower grades for generating power.
U.S. intelligence and Khan's associates have said North Korea
received assistance from the Pakistan's network, a charge the
communist nation denies.
"We are getting the names of more individuals, more companies,"
not only from Libya but "many different sources," ElBaradei
said.
Since the first revelations from Libya in December, Khan, the
father of Pakistan's nuclear weapons program, has confessed to
heading the operation described by ElBaradei as a "nuclear
supermarket."
Khan and dozens of associates circumvented export controls in
Europe, Asia and elsewhere to ship nuclear technology to Libya,
which managed to hide experiments geared toward making weapons
for nearly two decades.
Separately, Libya's prime minister, Shokri Ghanem, said in an
interview broadcast Tuesday that his government's decision to
pay $2.7 billion in compensation for the 1988 bombing of Pan Am
Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland is not amount an admission
of guilt. "We thought that it was easier for us to buy peace,"
he told the British Broadcasting Corp.
---
On the Net
International Atomic Energy Agency: www.iaea.org
--
*****************************************************************
13 IAEA Chief ElBaradei Cites Libya's Cooperation
+ [IAEA.ORG :: Atoms for Peace]
IAEA Chief ElBaradei Cites Libya's Cooperation
Staff Report
24 February 2004 [ElBaradei and Libyan Foreign Affairs
specialist Juma Alfare Jani]
Dr. ElBaradei speaks with Libyan Foreign Affairs specialist Juma
Alfare Jani during his two-day visit to Libya. (Credit: AP)
+ Story Resources
+ IAEA Director General to Visit Libya
+ IAEA Inspections in Libya Making Progress
+ IAEA, US and UK Discuss Libya
+ Director General to Visit Libya
+ IAEA Daily Press Review
During his visit to Libya 23-24 February 2004, IAEA Director
General Mohamed ElBaradei briefed members of the international
press corps on the IAEA's verification of Libya's nuclear
programme.
Following are excerpts from an unofficial transcript of the
interviews.
Overall Progress
"We have discussed in detail where we are, what is needed to be
done. We agree that we will make every effort to come to
closure, hopefully by June... Overall I think it is going very
smoothly, very well and I affirmed again (the importance of)
their full cooperation, the readiness to answer all questions we
have and to satisfy all technical requirements.
Nuclear Supply Network
"We are still understanding the network, we are still trying to
see whether other countries have received the technology, have
received the weapon design, this is obviously a matter of
importance... an area concern for us, so we are putting the
pieces of the puzzle together and trying to understand whether
there is any additonal work cut out for us in the future.
I think Libya has been very forthcoming on this but again we are
getting more information. We are getting more details, getting
names of more individuals, more companies, so it is helpful to
get all this information from different sources, and we are
getting it."
Nuclear Transparency &Cooperation
"A very important message is that the more transparent you are,
the easier we can complete our job, the easier we can come to
conclusion about the nature of the programme. What I preach
everywhere I go is full transparency, full cooperation, because
in a country which had been running an undeclared programme you
need maximum transparency and maximum cooperation. Libya is good
example so far on this score.
"We are getting good information from many different countries."
Copyright 2003-2004, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O.
Box 100, Wagramer Strasse 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
Telephone (+431) 2600-0; Facsimilie (+431) 2600-7; E-mail:
Official.Mail@iaea.org
Disclaimer
*****************************************************************
14 Arutz Sheva: PM to Discuss Vanunu Release Today
08:54 Feb 24, '04 / 2 Adar 5764
(IsraelNN.com) Prime Minister Ariel Sharon today will chair a
meeting dealing with the scheduled release of convicted nuclear
spy Mordehai Vanunu, who is to be released from prison in Arpil.
Senior officials will take part in the session including but not
limited to the defense minister, GSS (General Security
Service/Shin Bet) and Mossad officials, and Atomic Energy
Commission officials.
There are fears that after his release, Vanunu will compromise
state security by disclosing classified information dealing with
the nation’s nuclear program. The meeting today will include
suggestions to limit his freedom following his release in the
interest of “state security”.
All rights reserved IsraelNationalNews ©
Arutz Sheva Israel Broadcasting Network
webmaster@israelnationalnews.com
*****************************************************************
15 Las Vegas SUN: Malaysia's PM Defends Nuclear Probe
Today: February 24, 2004 at 1:15:26 PST
By PATRICK McDOWELL ASSOCIATED PRESS
KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia (AP) -
Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi rejected opposition
allegations Tuesday that a police investigation into the
trafficking of nuclear parts to Libya had been whitewashed to
protect his son, who owns the company involved.
Abdullah also said that Washington was unlikely to impose
sanctions against this Southeast Asian nation over the
trafficking, which was part of the clandestine effort by
Pakistani nuclear scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan to sell Libya,
Iran and North Korea nuclear weapons capability.
"I don't think the United States will go to the extent of
imposing sanctions because of one small incident," Abdullah
said.
Abdullah said that Buhary Syed Abu Tahir, the Sri Lankan who
brokered the parts deal with the company owned by Abdullah's
son, Kamaluddin, would be available to U.S. investigators if
they want to question him.
"Mr. Tahir is a free man," the prime minister said. "He is not
detained. What he did was entirely a business deal."
Two opposition parties have called for a parliamentary inquiry
into the sale of the nuclear components, an unlikely possibility
since Abdullah's coalition has an overwhelming majority.
In the meantime, the fundamentalist Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party
is calling attention to the affair at campaign rallies.
Kamaruddin Jaafar, a senior fundamentalist party official, said
the government was shielding Abdullah's son and Tahir, who
President Bush said was the chief financial officer of Khan's
network.
"This is an issue that puts a serious dent on Abdullah's `Mr.
Clean' image," Kamaruddin said. "He has not come clean on his
son's involvement with Tahir."
A report released by police Friday declared that oil-and-gas
company Scomi and its subsidiary SCOPE were "misled" into making
25,000 parts for centrifuges to enrich uranium, a key step in
the weapons-making process.
Under the contract brokered by Tahir, the company thought the
parts were for the oil-and-gas industry in Dubai, the report
said.
Tahir was a partner with Kamaluddin, the premier's only son, in
an investment company, Kaspadu, about the time the deal was
struck. Kaspadu is the majority owner of Scomi.
Abdullah said that he had not spoken with his son about the case
in the three months since U.S. and British intelligence asked
Malaysia to investigate SCOPE, after a ship with Libyan-bound
parts was seized in the Mediterranean.
"When the matter was brought to my attention, I realized that it
affects the business in which my son has substantial
investments, and I told the police that they have to make sure
it is thoroughly investigated without fear or favor," Abdullah
said.
"I had no hand in how the investigation was carried out,"
Abdullah said. "As far as the company is concerned, I believe
that transparency is their strongest defense. They are an
innocent party."
--
*****************************************************************
16 IAEA: Countries Work to End Radiums Hot Legacy
IAEA Experts Help Chile and Other Countries Control Sealed
Radioactive Sources
Staff Report
20 February 2004 [Radium source]
A radium source on the end of its needle-like applicator. It was
once used to shrink cancerous lymphoid tissues in patients.
(Photo Credits and Copyright 1999: Oak Ridge Associated
Universities)
+ Story Resources
+ Taking Charge in Chile
+ Finding Homes for "Orphan" Sources
+ IAEA Programme on Disused Sources
+ Keeping Radiation Sources Under Control
+ Safety & Security of Radiation Sources
+ IAEA Technical Cooperation
+ IAEA Features: Controlling Radiation Sources
+ Radium’s History, US Perspective
Stopping radioactive sources from falling into wrong hands is a
top international priority at the IAEA. People can get seriously
injured from mishandling or breaking open a sealed hot source,
and sometimes they can die from overexposure to it. A sealed
radioactive source is a small device containing encapsulated
radioactive material, which usually has the appearance of a
small, harmless piece of metal. Thats mainly why such sources
can end up in the hands of curious children, or in scrapyards
where they have been wrongly or inadvertently dumped. And while
it fortunately has not happened yet, the chance of a radioactive
source being used for spiking dirty bombs feeds public fears
about terrorist threats.
Radium is among the sealed sources that the IAEA is helping
countries to track down and safely control. Once widely used for
medical purposes and valued at more than $100,000 per gram,
radium sources are no longer in demand and their use is limited.
But thousands of older disused sources remain behind,
requiring proper control, packaging, and disposal. Many
developing countries have joined forces through the IAEA to
upgrade their capabilities to manage radium and other sealed
sources that are no longer being used.
Among these countries is Chile, where authorities have worked
to end radiums hot legacy. The IAEAs Kirstie Hansen reports on
work being done there, and on the help being provided by Agency
experts through technical cooperation and assistance projects.
Next: Taking Charge in Chile »
Copyright 2003-2004, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O.
Box 100, Wagramer Strasse 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
Telephone (+431) 2600-0; Facsimilie (+431) 2600-7; E-mail:
Official.Mail@iaea.org
Disclaimer
*****************************************************************
17 IAEA: The Promise of Underground Geological Repositories
Centres of Excellence Help Build Confidence Worldwide
Staff Report
23 January 2004 [The Grimsel underground rock laboratory in the
Swiss Alps]
The Grimsel underground rock laboratory in the Swiss Alps.
(Credit: Comet).
+ Story Resources
+ High Science Inside the Belly of the Alps
+ Photo Gallery
+ Full Waste Coverage
+ [pdf]
+ [pdf]
+ Spent Fuel Storage Overview [pdf]
+ Public Opinion [pdf]
Each year the world’s 441 nuclear power reactors create enough
spent fuel to fill a football field. That’s about 10 500 tonnes
of heavy metal. This waste is thermally hot and can stay
radioactive for thousands of years. Because it is solid and does
not readily dissolve in water, the fuel wastes are typically
stored in water pools on site at the nuclear reactors for many
years.
But permanent disposal places are needed. Scientists warn that
the ongoing storage of spent fuel is not sustainable for the long
years needed for the waste to decay and lose its radioactivity.
Right now only one permanent disposal facility exists – in New
Mexico where long-lived radioactive waste from United States
military programmes is carefully packaged and cocooned in tunnels
deep underground, in what is called a geological repository.
Containing the Heavy Metal
Global scientific consensus is that disposal in these deep
underground repositories is the best and safest option available
to permanently separate this waste from humans and the
environment. This consensus is backed by several decades of
research and outlined in a position paper by international
experts that the IAEA published on [pdf].
Over the last thirty years many IAEA Member States have developed
the methodologies for the disposal of radioactive wastes in
underground "geological" repositories. Underground Research
Laboratories have been set up and used for this purpose.
Total Stored Spent Fuel (1 January 2003)
Region Amount (Tonnes of Heavy Metal) West Europe 36
100 East Europe 27 700 America 83 300 Asia & Africa
23 900 World 171 000
Source: IAEA Overview of Global Spent Fuel Storage
In 2002 a group of Member States offered the use of their
underground rock labs and some associated surface facilities to
help build confidence and capacity throughout the world in
geological disposal of radioactive wastes.
This group, collectively known as the , includes the following:
+ Canada with the , Manitoba; + Switzerland with the ; + Wales,
United Kingdom, with the in Cardiff; and + United States of
America, with the WIPP facility near Carlsbad, New Mexico, the in
Nevada, and in California.
The in-situ laboratories in this network also provide the
opportunity for hands-on training in waste disposal technologies
for countries which do not have their own underground research
facilities.
More countries, such as Sweden with its Aspo Laboratory, are
expected to join the IAEA network when they consider that they
can fully commit themselves to this international project.
Spent Fuel - Global Overview, 2003
Spent fuel and high level waste makes up about 3% of the world’s
total nuclear waste but contains 95% of all the radioactivity.
Global spent fuel storage capacity is about 244 000 t HM (tonnes
of heavy metal). This capacity will be filled by 2017 if no new
facilities are built by that time.
Trends show that a storage shortage is not expected globally;
however on a national level a shortage may occur – particular in
some Eastern European countries.
The first national geological repositories for permanent spent
fuel disposal are expected to be in operation around 2010.
Source: IAEA Overview of Global Spent Fuel Storage
In a first of a series of in-depth profiles of waste disposal
activities of this network of countries, the following article
looks at the Grimsel Test Site in Switzerland.
Next: High Science Inside the Belly of the Alps » Copyright
2003-2004, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100,
Wagramer Strasse 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria Telephone (+431)
2600-0; Facsimilie (+431) 2600-7; E-mail: Disclaimer
*****************************************************************
18 IAEA: News Center : In Focus : IAEA and Iran
IAEA Safeguards Overview:
Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements and Additional Protocols
What are safeguards and what role do they play?
Safeguards are activities by which the IAEA can verify that a
State is living up to its international commitments not to use
nuclear programmes for nuclear-weapons purposes. The global
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and other treaties
against the spread of nuclear weapons entrust the IAEA as the
nuclear inspectorate. Today, the IAEA safeguards nuclear
material and activities under agreements with more than 140
States.
Within the world’s nuclear non-proliferation regime, the IAEA’s
safeguards system functions as a confidence-building measure, an
early warning mechanism, and the trigger that sets in motion
other responses by the international community if and when the
need arises.
Over the past decade, IAEA safeguards have been strengthened in
key areas. Measures aim to increase the likelihood of detecting
a clandestine nuclear weapons programme and to build confidence
that States are abiding by their international commitments.
What verification measures are used?
Safeguards are based on assessments of the correctness and
completeness of a State’s declared nuclear material and
nuclear-related activities. Verification measures include
on-site inspections, visits, and ongoing monitoring and
evaluation. Basically, two sets of measures are carried out in
accordance with the type of safeguards agreements in force with
a State.
+ One set relates to verifying State reports of declared
nuclear material and activities. These measures – authorized
under NPT-type comprehensive safeguards agreements -- largely
are based on nuclear material accountancy, complemented by
containment and surveillance techniques, such as tamper-proof
seals and cameras that the IAEA installs at facilities.
+ Another set adds measures to strengthen the IAEA’s
inspection capabilities. They include those incorporated in what
is known as an “Additional Protocol” – this is a legal document
complementing comprehensive safeguards agreements. The measures
enable the IAEA not only to verify the non-diversion of declared
nuclear material but also to provide assurances as to the
absence of undeclared nuclear material and activities in a
State.
What kinds of inspections are done?
The IAEA carries out different types of on-site inspections and
visits under comprehensive safeguards agreements.
+ Ad hoc inspections typically are made to verify a State’s
initial report of nuclear material or reports on changes
thereto, and to verify the nuclear material involved in
international transfers.
+ Routine inspections -- the type most frequently used -- may
be carried out according to a defined schedule or they may be of
an unannounced, short-notice character. The Agency’s right to
carry out routine inspections under comprehensive safeguards
agreements is limited to those locations within a nuclear
facility, or other locations containing nuclear material,
through which nuclear material is expected to flow (strategic
points).
+ Special inspections may be carried out in unusual
circumstances according to defined procedures. The IAEA may
carry out such inspections if it considers that information made
available by the State concerned, including explanations from
the State and information obtained from routine inspections, is
not adequate for the Agency to fulfil its responsibilities under
the safeguards agreement.
+ Safeguards visits may be made to declared facilities at
appropriate times during the lifecycle for verifying the
safeguards relevant design information. For example, such visits
may be carried out during construction to determine the
completeness of the declared design information; during routine
facility operations and following maintenance, to confirm that
no modification was made that would allow unreported activities
to take place; and during a facility decommissioning, to confirm
that sensitive equipment was rendered unusable.
Activities IAEA inspectors perform during and in connection with
on-site inspections or visits at facilities may include auditing
the facility’s accounting and operating records and comparing
these records with the State’s accounting reports to the agency;
verifying the nuclear material inventory and inventory changes;
and applying containment and surveillance measures (e.g., seal
application, installation of surveillance equipment).
What is the Additional Protocol to safeguards agreements?
The Additional Protocol is a legal document granting the IAEA
complementary inspection authority to that provided in
underlying safeguards agreements. A principal aim is to enable
the IAEA inspectorate to provide assurance about both declared
and possible undeclared activities. Under the Protocol, the IAEA
is granted expanded rights of access to information and sites,
as well as additional authority to use the most advanced
technologies during the verification process.
An overview of the strengthened safeguards measures under
Additional Protocols and comprehensive safeguards agreements
follows:
Measures under Additional Protocols
+ State provision of information about, and IAEA inspector
access to, all parts of a State's nuclear fuel cycle - including
uranium mines, fuel fabrication and enrichment plants, and
nuclear waste sites - as well as to any other location where
nuclear material is or may be present.
+ State provision of information on, and IAEA short-notice
access to, all buildings on a nuclear site. (The Protocol
provides for IAEA inspectors to have “complementary” access to
assure the absence of undeclared nuclear material or to resolve
questions or inconsistencies in the information a State has
provided about its nuclear activities. Advance notice in most
cases is at least 24 hours. The advance notice is shorter - at
least two hours - for access to any place on a site that is
sought in conjunction with design information verification
visits or ad hoc or routine inspections on that site. The
activities carried out during complementary access could include
examination of records, visual observation, environmental
sampling, utilization of radiation detection and measurement
devices, and the application of seals and other identifying and
tamper-indicating devices).
+ IAEA collection of environmental samples at locations beyond
declared locations when deemed necessary by the Agency. (Wider
area environmental sampling would require IAEA Board approval of
such sampling and consultations with the State concerned).
+ IAEA right to make use of internationally established
communications systems, including satellite systems and other
forms of telecommunication.
+ State acceptance of IAEA inspector designations and issuance
of multiple entry visas (valid for at least one year) for
inspectors.
+ State provision of information about, and IAEA verification
mechanisms for, its research and development activities related
to its nuclear fuel cycle.
+ State provision of information on the manufacture and export
of sensitive nuclear-related technologies, and IAEA verification
mechanisms for manufacturing and import locations in the State.
Measures under Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements
+ IAEA collection of environmental samples in facilities and
at locations where inspectors have access during inspections and
design information visits (with sample analysis at the IAEA
Clean Laboratory and/or at certified laboratories in Member
States).
+ IAEA use of unattended and remote monitoring of movements of
declared nuclear material in facilities and the transmission of
authenticated and encrypted safeguards-relevant data to the
Agency.
+ IAEA expanded use of unannounced inspections within the
scheduled routine inspection regime.
+ IAEA enhanced evaluation of information from a State’s
declarations, IAEA verification activities and a wide range of
open sources.
+ State provision of design information on new facilities or
on changes in existing facilities handling safeguarded nuclear
material as soon as the State authorities decide to construct,
authorize construction or modify a facility. The IAEA has the
continuing right to verify the design information over the
facility’s lifecycle, including decommissioning.
+ State voluntary reporting on imports and exports of nuclear
material and exports of specified equipment and non-nuclear
material. (Components of this reporting are incorporated in the
Model Additional Protocol).
+ Closer co-operation between the IAEA and the State (and
regional) systems for accounting for and control of nuclear
material in Member States.
+ Provision of enhanced training for IAEA inspectors and
safeguards staff and for Member State personnel responsible for
safeguards implementation.
Copyright 2003, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box
100, Wagramer Strasse 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
zTelephone (+431) 2600-0; Facsimile (+431) 2600-7; E-mail:
Official.Mail@iaea.org
Disclaimer and Privacy Policy
*****************************************************************
19 Brattleboro Reformer: Yankee safety study mulled
February 24, 2004 Brattleboro, VT
By CAROLYN LORIE
Reformer Staff
BRATTLEBORO -- The Senate Finance Committee is considering a
resolution calling for an independent safety assessment, or
"ISA," of the Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant, to be completed
prior to the plant's requested "uprate".
The assessment would be done by a panel of experts chosen by the
federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which is reviewing the
requested 20 percent uprate.
According to Finance Committee member Rod Gander, D-Windham, the
assessment would answer difficult questions for both supporters
and opponents of the uprate.
"There's no more divisive issue here in Windham County. (An ISA)
would go a long way to rid the divisiveness in this community,"
said Gander.
However, Rob Williams, spokesperson for Vermont Yankee, said
that an ISA would be redundant.
"The uprate request is already subject to separate, independent
review by the NRC and their work in turn is independently
reviewed by the Federal Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards
that was established by congress," said Williams.
He added that there is a precedent for the plant's uprate
request, as eight other plants nationwide have had similar
increases approved by the NRC.
Vermont Yankee's claim that the safety assessment would be
unnecessary concerns opponents of the uprate.
"This is malarkey. This is preposterous," said Raymond Shadis,
staff advisor to the New England Coalition, an anti-nuclear
watchdog group and an intervener in the uprate process.
According to Shadis, all four New England power plants that shut
down did so following intense inspection. Among those was Maine
Yankee, which underwent such scrutiny in 1996. The report filed
by the NRC panel found that the plant operations were "adequate"
but also identified a number of "weaknesses and deficiencies that
will result in violations."
The NRC inspection, said Shadis, was not routine but came only
after a whistleblower exposed problems with the power plant's
safety analysis.
"I think that they (Vermont Yankee) protest it too much. They
should welcome the idea of a top to bottom inspection," says
Shadis.
Gander said he thought the Finance Committee would vote on
whether or not to bring the resolution to the Senate floor by the
end of next week.
*****************************************************************
20 NRC: Regulatory Guide; Issuance, Availability
FR Doc 04-3891
[Federal Register: February 24, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 36)]
[Notices] [Page 8496-8497] From the Federal Register Online via
GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr24fe04-143]
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has issued a revision of
a guide in its Regulatory Guide Series. This series has been
developed to describe and make available to the public such
information as methods acceptable to the NRC staff for
implementing specific parts of the NRC's regulations, techniques
used by the staff in its review of applications for permits and
licenses, and data needed by the NRC staff in its review of
applications for permits and licenses.
Revision 1 of Regulatory Guide 1.168, ``Verification, Validation,
Reviews, and Audits for Digital Computer Software Used in Safety
Systems of Nuclear Power Plants,'' provides guidance to licensees
and applicants on methods acceptable to the NRC staff for
complying with the NRC's regulations on verification, validation,
reviews, and audits for digital computer software used in safety
systems of nuclear power plants. This regulatory guide endorses,
with certain exceptions, two standards of the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers: IEEE Std 1012-1998, ``IEEE
Standard for Software Verification and Validation,'' and IEEE Std
1028-1997, ``IEEE Standard for Software Reviews and Audits.''
Comments and suggestions in connection with items for inclusion
in guides currently being developed or improvements in all
published guides are encouraged at any time. Written comments may
be submitted to the Rules and Directives Branch, Division of
Administrative Services, Office of Administration, U.S. Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555. Questions on the
content of this guide may be directed to Mr. R. Shaffer, (301)
415-7606; e-mail . Regulatory guides are available for inspection
or downloading at the NRC's Web site at under NRC Documents and
in NRC's ADAMS
[[Page 8497]] System at the same site. Single copies of
regulatory guides may be obtained free of charge by writing the
Reproduction and Distribution Services Section, U.S. Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001, or by fax to
(301) 415-2289, or by e-mail to .
Issued guides may also be purchased from the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS) on a standing order basis. Details on
this service may be obtained by writing NTIS at 5285 Port Royal
Road, Springfield, VA 22161; telephone 1-800-553-6847; .
Regulatory guides are not copyrighted, and Commission approval is
not required to reproduce them.
(5 U.S.C. 552(a)) Dated at Rockville, MD, this 20th day of
January, 2004.
For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Ashok C. Thadani, Director, Office of Nuclear Regulatory
Research.
[FR Doc. 04-3891 Filed 2-23-04; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 7590-01-P
*****************************************************************
21 NRC: NAC International Issuance of Environmental Assessment and
FR Doc 04-3892
[Federal Register: February 24, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 36)]
[Notices] [Page 8495] From the Federal Register Online via GPO
Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr24fe04-141] [[Page 8495]]
Finding of No Significant Impact Introduction The U.S. Nuclear
Regulatory Commission (NRC or Commission) is considering issuance
of an exemption to NAC International, Inc.
(NAC or applicant), pursuant to 10 CFR 72.7, from the requirement
of 10 CFR 72.248(c)(6). This requirement mandates certificate
holders to file an updated Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) to
the NRC every 24 months from the date of issuance of a
Certificate of Compliance (CoC) for a spent fuel storage cask
design. NAC, located in Norcross, Georgia, is the holder of CoC
Number 1015 for the NAC-UMS Universal Storage System, and is
seeking NRC approval to delay filing of an updated FSAR for the
NAC-UMS system. The NAC-UMS system is approved for use under the
general license provisions of subpart K of 10 CFR part 72, and is
designed for the dry storage of spent nuclear fuel at U.S.
nuclear power reactors.
Environmental Assessment (EA) Identification of Proposed Action:
By letter dated January 9, 2004, NAC requested an exemption,
pursuant to 10 CFR 72.7, from the requirement of 10 CFR
72.248(c)(6). NAC is seeking Commission approval to delay the
biennial filing of the updated FSAR for the NAC-UMS system to the
NRC. The exemption requested is from the requirement of 10 CFR
72.248(c)(6), which states that ``Updates [of the FSAR] shall be
filed every 24 months from the date of issuance of the CoC.'' The
original CoC for the NAC-UMS system was effective on November 20,
2000.
The proposed action before the Commission is whether to approve a
delay in the filing of the updated FSAR, and whether to grant
this exemption pursuant to 10 CFR 72.7. Need for the Proposed
Action: NAC requested the exemption to 10 CFR 72.248(c)(6) to
allow sufficient time to incorporate the FSAR changes that are
associated with its application to amend the CoC for the NAC- UMS
system. This application and amendment was designated as
Amendment No. 3 to CoC Number 1015. The Commission issued a
direct final rule and a proposed rule to amend its regulations to
include Amendment No. 3 in the CoC for the NAC-UMS in its list of
approved spent fuel storage casks on January 16, 2004, (69 FR
2497 and 69 FR 2528). A final effective rule is not expected to
be in place prior to March 31, 2004. Therefore, NAC has requested
to file an updated FSAR within 60 days after Amendment No. 3 is
issued to allow the compilation of FSAR changes related to
Amendment No. 3 with other FSAR changes that are allowed under 10
CFR 72.48. Environmental Impacts of the Proposed Action: The
Environmental Assessment for the final rule, ``Storage of Spent
Nuclear Fuel in NRC- Approved Storage Casks at Nuclear Power
Reactor Sites'' (55 FR 29181 (1990)), considered the potential
environmental impacts of storage casks that are used to store
spent nuclear fuel under a CoC, and concluded that there would be
no significant environmental impacts. The proposed action now
under consideration would not affect the use of the NAC-UMS
system to store spent nuclear fuel under the approved CoC, and in
accordance with the regulations of 10 CFR part 72. Filing an
updated FSAR to the NRC by a certificate holder is an
administrative requirement and does not involve any radioactive
materials or use of natural resources. Therefore, there are no
radiological impacts or non- radiological impacts from a delay in
filing an updated FSAR.
Based upon this information, a delay in filing will have no
significant impact on the environment.
Alternative to the Proposed Action: Since there is no
environmental impact associated with the proposed action, any
alternatives with equal or greater environmental impact are not
evaluated. The alternative to the proposed actions would be to
deny approval of the exemption and not allow a delay in the
filing of the updated FSAR. This alternative would have the same
environmental impact.
Agencies and Persons Consulted: Mr. Johnny James, North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and Mr. William
Wright, Arizona Radiation Regulatory Agency, were contacted about
the Environmental Assessment for the proposed action and had no
comments. These two state agencies were contacted because the
Amendment No. 3 of the CoC for the NAC-UMS system will be used at
the McGuire Nuclear Station in North Carolina, and at the Palo
Verde Nuclear Generating Station in Arizona. The NRC staff has
determined that a consultation under Section 7 of the Endangered
Species Act is not required because the proposed action will not
affect listed species or critical habitat. The NRC staff has also
determined that the proposed action is not a type of activity
having the potential to cause effects on historic properties.
Therefore, no further consultation is required under Section 106
of the National Historic Preservation Act.
Finding of No Significant Impact The environmental impacts of the
proposed action have been reviewed in accordance with the
requirements set forth in 10 CFR part 51.
Based upon the foregoing Environmental Assessment, the Commission
finds that the proposed action of granting an exemption from 10
CFR 72.248(c)(6) allowing NAC to delay updating the NAC-UMS FSAR
will not significantly impact the quality of the human
environment. Accordingly, the Commission has determined that an
environmental impact statement for the proposed exemption is not
warranted.
For further details with respect to this exemption request, see
NAC's letter dated January 9, 2004. The request for exemption was
docketed under 10 CFR part 72, Docket 72-1015. The NRC maintains
an Agencywide Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS),
which provides text and image files of NRC's public documents.
These documents may be accessed through the NRC's Public
Electronic Reading Room on the Internet at
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html. If you do not have
access to ADAMS or if there are problems in accessing the
documents located in ADAMS, contact the NRC Public Document Room
(PDR) Reference staff at 1-800-397-4209, or 301-415-4737, or by
e-mail at pdr@nrc.gov. Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 11th
day of February 2004.
For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
L. Raynard Wharton, Project Manager, Spent Fuel Project Office,
Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards.
[FR Doc. 04-3892 Filed 2-23-04; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 7590-01-P
*****************************************************************
22 NRC: Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection;
FR Doc 04-3893
[Federal Register: February 24, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 36)]
[Notices] [Page 8494] From the Federal Register Online via GPO
Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr24fe04-140]
Comment Request AGENCY: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).
ACTION: Notice of pending NRC action to submit an information
collection request to OMB and solicitation of public comment.
SUMMARY: The NRC is preparing a submittal to OMB for review of
continued approval of information collections under the
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C.
Chapter 35). Information pertaining to the requirement to be
submitted: 1. The title of the information collection: 10 CFR
part 95-- Facility Security Clearance and Safeguarding of
National Security Information and Restricted Data.
2. Current OMB approval number: 3150-0047.
3. How often the collection is required: On occasion.
4. Who is required or asked to report: NRC-regulated
facilities and
other organizations requiring access to NRC-classified
information.
5. The number of annual respondents: 8.
6. The number of hours needed annually to complete the
requirement or request: 447 hours (335 hours reporting [2.3 hrs
per response] and 112 hours recordkeeping [14 hrs per
recordkeeper]).
7. Abstract: NRC-regulated facilities and other organizations are
required to provide information and maintain records to ensure
that an adequate level of protection is provided to
NRC-classified information and material.
Submit, by April 26, 2004, comments that address the following
questions:
1. Is the proposed collection of information necessary for the
NRC to properly perform its functions? Does the information have
practical utility?
2. Is the burden estimate accurate?
3. Is there a way to enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of
the information to be collected?
4. How can the burden of the information collection be minimized,
including the use of automated collection techniques or other
forms of information technology?
A copy of the draft supporting statement may be viewed free of
charge at the NRC Public Document Room, One White Flint North,
11555 Rockville Pike, Room O-1F21, Rockville, MD 20852. OMB
clearance requests are available at the NRC Worldwide Web site: .
The document will be available on the NRC home page site for 60
days after the signature date of this notice.
Comments and questions about the information collection
requirements may be directed to the NRC Clearance Officer, Brenda
Jo. Shelton, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, T-5 F52,
Washington, DC 20555-0001, by telephone at 301-415-7233, or by
Internet electronic mail to .
Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 17th day of February, 2004.
For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Brenda Jo. Shelton, NRC Clearance Officer, Office of the Chief
Information Officer.
[FR Doc. 04-3893 Filed 2-23-04; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 7590-01-P
*****************************************************************
23 NRC: Sunshine Act Meeting
FR Doc 04-4088
[Federal Register: February 24, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 36)]
[Notices] [Page 8495-8496] From the Federal Register Online via
GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr24fe04-142]
Date: Weeks of February 23, March 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 2004.
Place: Commissioners' Conference Room, 11555 Rockville Pike,
Rockville, Maryland.
Status: Public and Closed.
Matters to be Considered:
[[Page 8496]] Week of February 23, 2004 Wednesday, February 25,
2004 9 a.m.--Discussion of Security Issues (Closed--Ex. 1)
Thursday, February 26, 2004 9:30 a.m.--Meeting with UK Regulators
to Discuss Security Issues (Closed--Ex. 1) 1:30 p.m.--Status of
Davis Besse Lessons Learned Task Force Issues (Public Meeting)
(Contact: Brendan Moroney, 301-415-3974) This meeting will be
webcast live at the Web address-- .
Week of March 1, 2004--Tentative Tuesday, March 2, 2004 9:30
a.m.--Meeting with Advisory Committee on the Medical Uses of
Isotopes (ACMUI) and NRC Staff (Public Meeting) (Contact: Angela
Williamson, 301-415-5030) This meeting will be webcast live at
the Web address-- .
Wednesday, March 3, 2004 9:30 a.m.--25th Anniversary Three Mile
Island (TMI) Unit 2 Accident Presentation (Public Meeting)
(Location: TWFN Auditorium, 11545 Rockville Pike) (Contact: Sam
Walker, 301-415-1965) This meeting will be webcast live at the
Web address-- .
2:45 p.m.--Discussion of Security Issues (Closed--Ex. 1)
Thursday, March 4, 2004 1:30 p.m.--Briefing on Status of Office
of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards (NMSS) Programs,
Performance, and Plans--Waste Safety (Public Meeting) (Contact:
Claudia Seelig, 301-415-7243) This meeting will be webcast live
at the Web address-- .
Week of March 8, 2004--Tentative Tuesday, March 9, 2004 9:30
a.m.--Briefing on Status of Office of Nuclear Material Safety and
Safeguards (NMSS) Programs, Performance, and Plans--Material
Safety (Public Meeting) (Contact: Claudia Seelig, 301-415-7243)
This meeting will be webcast live at the Web address-- .
1:30 p.m.--Discussion of Security Issues (Closed--Ex. 1) Week of
March 15, 2004--Tentative There are no meetings scheduled for the
Week of March 15, 2004.
Week of March 22, 2004--Tentative Tuesday, March 23, 2004 9:30
a.m.--Briefing on Status of Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research
(RES) Programs, Performance, and Plans (Public Meeting) (Contact:
Alan Levin, 301-415-6656) This meeting will be webcast live at
the Web address-- .
1:30 p.m.--Briefing on Status of Office of Nuclear Security and
Incident Response (NSIR) Programs, Performance, and Plans (Public
Meeting) (Contact: Jack Davis, 301-415-7256) This meeting will be
webcast live at the Web address-- .
2:30 p.m.--Discussion of Security Issues (Closed--Ex. 1)
Wednesday, March 24, 2004 9:30 a.m.--Briefing on Status of Office
of Nuclear Reactor Regulations (NRR) Programs, Performance, and
Plans (Public Meeting) (Contact: Mike Case, 301-415-1275) This
meeting will be webcast live at the Web address-- .
Week of March 29, 2004--Tentative There are no meetings scheduled
for the Week of March 29, 2004.
* The schedule for Commission meetings is subject to change on
short notice. To verify the status of meetings call (recording)--
(301) 4125-1292. Contact person for more information: Dave
Gamberoni, (301) 415-1651.
* * * * *
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: By a vote of 3-0 on February 18, the
Commission determined pursuant to U.S.C. 552b(e) and Sec.
9.107(a) of the Commission's rules that ``Affirmation of (1)
Maine Yankee Atomic Power Co. (Maine Yankee Atomic Power
Station); State of Maine's petition for review of LBP-03-26, and
(2) Duke Energy Corp.
(Catawba Nuclear Station, Units 1); NRC Staff's Petition for
interlocutory review of the LB's 1/2904 Memo & Order (Ruling on
BREDL Motion for Need to Know Determination & Extension of
Deadline for Filing Security- Related Contentions)'' be held on
February 18, and on less than one week's notice to the public.
* * * * * The NRC Commission Meeting Schedule can be found on the
Internet at: * * * * This notice is distributed by mail to
several hundred subscribers; if you no longer wish to receive it,
or would like to be added to the distribution, please contact the
Office of the Secretary, Washington, DC 20555 (301-415-1969). In
addition, distribution of this meeting notice over the Internet
system is available. If you are interested in receiving this
Commission meeting schedule electronically, please send an
electronic message to .
Dated: February 19, 2004.
R. Michelle Schroll, Office of the Secretary.
[FR Doc. 04-4088 Filed 2-20-04; 9:53 am] BILLING CODE 7590-01-M
*****************************************************************
24 Brattleboro Reformer: VY emergency funds may go directly to towns
February 24, 2004 Brattleboro, VT
By TOBY HENRY
Reformer Staff
BRATTLEBORO -- More than $100,000 of Vermont Emergency
Management's requested 2005 budget could pass directly from
Vermont Yankee nuclear plant owner Entergy to five Windham County
towns, say members of the House Appropriations Committee.
Committee member Patty O'Donnell, R-Vernon, said budget
discussions last week included a proposal to allocate $126,000 of
VEM's radiological fund -- a contingency plan to respond to an
accident at the Vernon plant -- directly to towns in the plant's
10-mile-radius emergency planning zone.
The money would be used for towns to independently purchase
supplies and conduct training for the plan, she said.
In past years, O'Donnell continued, VEM's Vermont Yankee
accident plan budget, which is at $800,000 in the present budget,
has gone from Entergy to VEM for further distribution to local
towns through grants.
If the proposal passes as part of the budget, which is typically
voted on by lawmakers as the session winds down in May, it will
mark the first time the legislature has bypassed VEM to give
money directly to towns in the plant's vicinity.
O'Donnell said that an additional one-time allotment of $76,000
from a planned budget adjustment detail could also accompany the
funds, which could give local towns more than $200,000 in 2005
for Vermont Yankee-related emergencies.
The budget is expected to pass the House Appropriations
Committee and go to the Senate Appropriations Committee within
the next few weeks.
The plan to go around VEM came about after concern that VEM
officials had not developed a budget on their own in consultation
with VY staff and town representatives, O'Donnell said.
Towns in the 10-mile "emergency planning zone," or EPZ, include
all of Guilford and Vernon and most of Brattleboro. An area of
southeast Dummerston, the east side of Halifax and a small corner
of southeast Marlboro are also in the EPZ.
"Vermont Emergency Management was supposed to meet with the
towns and the plant to work on the budget together, but they
didn't do that," she said. "It's been an issue for a long time,
and this is something we've been trying to make happen. A while
ago, we had problems because there were termites in the (local)
VEM station -- I called VEM and they said they couldn't help. I
had to call Vermont Yankee and get help from them. This year,
we're taking it out of (VEM's) hands."
Local officials such as Brattleboro town manager Jerry Remillard
and Windham Regional Commission executive director Jim Matteau
were present at last week's discussions, O'Donnell said. Sen.
Jeanette White, D-Windham, represented the Senate during the
discussions. White said that she expects the $126,000 to be
deducted from VEM's requested budget, which stands at about $1.2
million this year.
White echoed O'Donnell's comments that VEM has done a poor job
of meeting towns to determine local radiological emergency
response needs, and added that this has been an ongoing issue for
the past two years.
Last year, White said, VEM requested about $1.1 million, but the
House Appropriations Committee opted to level-fund VEM at
$800,000, saying that the increased expenditure had not been
justified.
The $126,000 allocation, if approved, would be an improvement
over previous funding methods, in which towns had to either apply
for grants for equipment they needed or to send an invoice to VEM
after purchasing the supplies from their own funds, said White.
In order to verify that the funds were spent on emergency
plan-related items, White said that towns receiving this money
will later have to show how the funds were spent.
"A lot of people have just run out of patience and this seems
like the only way to get things done," she said. "Towns shouldn't
have to apply for it."
Brian Cosgrove, a spokesman for Vermont Yankee, said that the
company approves of the fund shift. Plant owner Entergy is
required by statute to pay for any radiological emergency plan
training and equipment in the EPZ towns.
"We're happy to do it," he said. "Money's not an object. Having
the best emergency response plan in the EPZ towns is."
The emergency plan calls for a variety of responses, ranging
from listening to media updates to a full-blown evacuation of EPZ
towns. However, the plan has either been rejected or put off for
vote in most Windham County towns where it has been presented for
approval.
Brattleboro, the most populous town in the EPZ, has put off a
Selectboard vote on the plan until after the reorganized board
has been elected next month.
At a meeting with VEM officials earlier this month, Marlboro
residents appeared peeved at the official's insistence that the
town not go it alone without their plan by purchasing radios,
radiation detectors and other equipment for use in a local
emergency plan.
Marlboro has still not accepted the plan, but has a local plan
calling for school buses to bring Marlboro Elementary School
students to Bennington's Molly Stark School in the event of an
accident at Vermont Yankee.
Andy Reichsman, Marlboro's emergency director, said on Monday
that he was not aware of last week's VEM budget talks. The
Marlboro Select Board has "some ideas they'd like to take to the
state" regarding the emergency plan, Reichsman said, but he added
that the board has not yet had time to fully formulate what they
would like to see in their local plan.
"We haven't really gotten that far yet, and I can't imagine what
we'd spend the money on at this moment," Reichsman said. "At this
point, we're coming up with ideas that are representative of what
the town as a whole wants."
Officials from VEM could not be reached on Monday.
*****************************************************************
25 NRC: Regulatory Information Conference
RIC Notices
On-line Conference Registration will close Monday, March 1,
2004!
Registration information for the NEI Luncheon is now available.
Regulatory Information Conference (RIC)
"Promoting Openness Through Effective Communication"
[Logo for Regulatory Information Conference 2002] Welcome
to the NRC's Regulatory Information Conference (RIC) website.
The 16th annual RIC is scheduled for March 10, 11, and 12, 2004,
at the Capital Hilton Hotel, 16th and K Streets, NW, Washington,
D.C. The conference is open to the public and there is NO
conference fee. Read the Conference Chairman's message [PDF
Icon] from our RIC Chairman, Jim Dyer.
See the following for detailed conference information:
+ Conference Program
+ Keynote Speakers
+ Registration
+ Registrant List
+ Sponsored Events
+ Hotel Reservations
+ Travel Information
+ Past RIC Information
+ Frequently Asked Questions
+ Contact Us About RIC
Throughout the RIC pages, you will see icons. The Exit icon is
placed directly after an external link to let you know that the
link is going to take you away from the NRC pages. For more
information, refer to the Site Disclaimer.
Last revised Friday, February 20, 2004
*****************************************************************
26 asahi.com: Nuclear reactor plans take a hit
The Asahi Shimbun
The government plans to halve the number of new nuclear reactors
needed by 2010 because of dwindling electricity demand,
heightened competition and ever-persistent public opposition.
The central government is revising its long-term energy supply
and demand estimate put together in 2001, which determined that
10 to 13 new nuclear reactors had to be constructed by fiscal
2010 to meet the expected increase in electricity use.
But power demand has remained stagnant, so government officials
are now cutting that estimate to four to six new nuclear
reactors.
A new interim estimate of electric power demand in fiscal 2010
and fiscal 2030 is expected by June.
Electric power companies acknowledge that plans to build new
nuclear reactors must be curtailed in the tougher competitive
environment brought about by market liberalization.
``Demand is not increasing and we are losing customers,'' said
one executive. ``We cannot build nuclear reactors at the pace of
the past.''
In addition, communities opposed to hosting nuclear reactors
because of safety concerns have hampered sales of real estate
needed to construct such reactors.
Electric power plants have been built to cover peak electricity
demand every summer. However, with the exception of 2001, which
was a particularly hot summer, maximum electricity demand in
August since fiscal 1994 has increased a maximum 2 percent. In
some years, demand has actually fallen below the previous year's
level.
Electric power firms annually review their supply estimates for
10 years down the road. In the late 1990s, maximum electricity
demand was estimated to increase by about 2 percent a year.
However, that estimate has been falling since 2000. In fiscal
2003, the estimate of the rate of increase in demand fell for
the first time below 1 percent, to 0.9 percent.
The total electricity generating capacity of Japan's 10 electric
power companies stood at about 190 million kilowatts in fiscal
2002. Even if the four nuclear reactors currently under
construction are the only ones completed, capacity can be
increased to about 210 million kilowatts by 2012, if thermal
power plants are built according to plan.
That supply capacity would be about 10 percent higher than the
estimated maximum electricity demand for 2012, meaning a stable
supply of electric power would be possible.
The liberalization of the electric power industry has also led
to an increase in competitors to the 10 traditional electric
power firms.
For example, almost all the tenant companies of the Roppongi
Hills complex in Tokyo that opened last April use electricity
supplied by a gas-powered generator installed underneath the
complex.
The department store chain Takashimaya Co. buys electricity from
Diamond Power Corp. for its Tokyo and Yokohama outlets. Diamond
Power is affiliated with the Mitsubishi Corp. trading firm.
Since liberalization in 2000, Tokyo Electric Power Co. has lost
about 20 percent of its commercial clients to other power
companies. A TEPCO executive complained that the company could
not compete against electricity rates that were between 10 and
20 percent cheaper than what TEPCO was offering.
Electric power firms planning to construct nuclear reactors
often have to dole out incredible amounts to local communities
before receiving the go-ahead for a project.
Initial costs for a single reactor are estimated at 400 billion
yen. Huge expenses are also required to store the radioactive
waste from nuclear reactors and to reprocess spent nuclear fuel
rods.
Opposition by residents has slowed other nuclear power projects,
leading some electric power firms to abandon plans for new
reactors.
Last December, plans were either frozen or canceled for the
construction of nuclear reactors in Suzu, Ishikawa Prefecture,
and Maki, Niigata Prefecture.
Other projects have had their start dates pushed back a number
of times. For Tohoku Electric Power Co.'s Namie-Odaka project in
Fukushima Prefecture, the start date has been pushed back 28
times since the plan was first compiled in 1973.
Moreover, only 90 percent of the land needed for the site has
been bought.
Although plans to build a Kansai Electric Power Co. nuclear
reactor in Hikigawa, Wakayama Prefecture, started in 1976, an
initial study has yet to be undertaken.
More recently, postponements in the start of operations have hit
two reactors in Tsuruga, Fukui Prefecture, operated by Japan
Atomic Power Co., as well as two TEPCO reactors in Fukushima
Prefecture.(IHT/Asahi: February 24,2004) (02/24)
[Copyright Asahi Shimbun. All rights reserved. No reproduction
*****************************************************************
27 NRC: NRC to Hold Predecisional Enforcement Conference to Discuss Apparent
Violation of Regulatory Requirements at Oconee
News Release - Region II - 2004-00
U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
Office of Public Affairs, Region II
No. II-04-005 February 24, 2004
CONTACT: Ken Clark (404) 562-4416
Roger D. Hannah (404) 562-4417 E-mail: opa2@nrc.gov
predecisional enforcement conference with Duke Energy
Corporation officials on March 2 in Atlanta to discuss an
apparent violation of NRC safety requirements at the Oconee
nuclear station near Seneca, South Carolina.
The enforcement conference will begin at 1:30 p.m. in the NRC
Region II office on the 24th floor of the Sam Nunn Atlanta
Federal Center at 61 Forsyth Street, SW. The meeting will be
open to observation by interested members of the public, and NRC
officials will be available before its conclusion to answer
questions from those who attend.
NRC inspectors found that the licensee revised an analysis of a
hypothetical steam or feedwater pipe break accident scenario in
May, 2001, without first obtaining NRC review and approval. The
revised analysis postponed the initiation time of required
safety systems, which the NRC considers to be a change to the
Oconee Final Safety Analysis Report that requires prior NRC
approval.
NRC officials said this is an apparent violation, pending
results of the enforcement conference, because the staff
believes the change may involve an increase in risk, and that
the NRC was not afforded an adequate opportunity to perform its
regulatory oversight function by reviewing the change.
The conference is an opportunity for company officials to
provide their perspective on the apparent violation and to
clarify or correct any information they feel may be inaccurate
or incomplete in the NRC inspection report. No decision on the
apparent violation or any enforcement action will be made at the
conference. Those decisions will be made later by NRC officials.
Last revised Tuesday, February 24, 2004
*****************************************************************
28 NRC: NRC Modifies Order Requiring Inspection of Pressurized Water Reactor Vessel Heads
News Release - 2004-02
U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
Office of Public Affairs Telephone: 301/415-8200
Washington, DC 20555-0001 E-mail: opa@nrc.gov
No. 04-025 February 23, 2004
inspection requirements for reactor pressure vessel heads at
pressurized water reactors. The change is part of the
Commissions ongoing efforts to provide a clear regulatory
framework to ensure public health and safety. The revised Order
primarily addresses requirements for bare-metal visual
inspections and non-visual examination of reactor pressure
vessel heads.
The discovery of degradation in the vessel head at the
Davis-Besse reactor in Oak Harbor, Ohio, and discovery of leaks
and cracking at other plants, reinforced the need for more
effective reactor vessel head inspections, leading the NRC to
issue an Order in February 2003. The original Order required
visual inspection of the entire bare-metal surface of a vessel
head.
Based on information provided in numerous requests for deviation
from portions of the inspection regime, the NRC concluded that a
revised Order, which requires at least a 95 percent bare-metal
inspection for those vessel heads with portions obscured by
certain support structures, was warranted. If any boron deposits
or corrosive residue are identified in the vicinity of the
support structure, the licensee must examine the vessel head
under the obstruction to ensure the head is not degraded.
In addition, the revised Order adds a Replaced category of
vessel head degradation susceptibility to the existing High,
Moderate and Low ratings. The categories determine the required
frequency of vessel head inspections for plants during refueling
outages, which typically occur about every 18 to 24 months.
Plants in the High category must perform inspections during
every refueling outage. Those in the Moderate category must
perform inspections during at least every other refueling
outage. Plants in the Low category must perform bare-metal
inspections at least every third outage or every five years,
whichever occurs first. Penetration nozzle non-visual
inspections must be performed every fourth outage or every seven
years, whichever occurs first.
Plants in the Replaced category need not perform inspections
during the outage when the head is replaced. However, these
plants must thereafter perform the same inspections as the Low
category.
The revised Order continues to provide reasonable assurance of
vessel head integrity and protection of public health and
safety.
The revised Order retains the requirement for licensees to
submit a report to the NRC detailing the inspection findings
within 60 days of restarting the plant. A copy of the revised
Order (EA-03-009, Rev. 01) will be available through the NRCs
Agencywide Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS) on the
agencys web site, by entering accession number ML040220391 at
this address:
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams/web-based.html.
Last revised Tuesday, February 24, 2004
*****************************************************************
29 NRC: Collection, Reporting, or Posting of Information; Availability
FR Doc 04-3890
[Federal Register: February 24, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 36)]
[Proposed Rules] [Page 8350-8352] From the Federal Register
Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr24fe04-20]
of Draft Rule Language AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
ACTION: Availability of draft rule language.
SUMMARY: The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is making
available the draft wording of possible changes to its
regulations. The changes under consideration would clarify or
revise the regulations to reduce unnecessary regulatory burden
associated with the collecting, reporting, and posting of
information. The NRC staff is making the draft rule language
available to inform stakeholders of the NRC staff's consideration
of possible changes to its regulations, and to solicit comments
on the staff's direction and draft language. The draft wording
and several specific requests for feedback are available on the
NRC's public Web site at .
DATES: Submit comments by April 9, 2004. Comments received after
this date will be considered if it is practical to do so, but the
Commission is able to ensure consideration only for comments
received on or before this date.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by any of the following
methods. Personal information will not be removed from your
comments: Mail comments to: Secretary, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001, Attention: Rulemakings and
Adjudications Staff.
E-mail comments to: . If you do not receive a reply e- mail
confirming that we have received your comments, contact us
directly at (301) 415-1966. You may also submit comments via the
NRC's rulemaking Web site at . Address questions about our
rulemaking Web site to Carol Gallagher at (301) 415-5905; e-
mail: . Comments can also be submitted via the Federal
eRulemaking Portal .
Hand deliver comments to 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville,
Maryland 20852, between 7:30 am and 4:15 pm on Federal workdays
(Telephone: (301) 415-1966).
Fax comments to: Secretary, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(301) 415-1101.
Publicly available documents related to this rulemaking may be
viewed electronically on the public computers located at the
NRC's Public Document Room (PDR), O1 F21, One White Flint North,
11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland. The PDR reproduction
contractor will copy documents for a fee. Selected documents,
including comments, may be viewed and downloaded electronically
via the NRC rulemaking Web site at .
Publicly available documents created or received at the NRC after
November 1, 1999, are available electronically at the NRC's
Electronic Reading Room at . From this site, the public can gain
entry into the NRC's Agencywide Documents Access and Management
System (ADAMS), which provides text and image files of NRC's
public documents. If you do not have access to ADAMS or if there
are problems in accessing the documents located in ADAMS, contact
the NRC Public Document Room (PDR) Reference staff at (800)
397-4209, (301) 415-4737, or by e-mail to .
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: William D. Reckley, Division of
Licensing Project Management, Office of Nuclear Reactor
Regulation, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC
20555-0001; telephone: (301) 415-1323; e-mail: .
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background In SECY-02-0081, ``Staff
Activities Related to the NRC Goal of Reducing Unnecessary
Regulatory Burden on Power Reactor Licensees,'' dated May 13,
2002 (ADAMS Accession No. ML020420137), the NRC staff described
various interactions with stakeholders regarding ways to reduce
unnecessary regulatory burden. By memorandum dated June 25, 2002
(ADAMS Accession No. ML021760768), the Commission directed the
staff to proceed with its evaluation of possible rule changes. In
developing the initiative described in SECY-02-0081, the NRC
staff solicited observations and suggestions by placing a notice
in the Federal Register (66 FR 22134; May 3, 2001) and sponsoring
a workshop on May 31, 2001. In a letter dated July 2, 2001 (ADAMS
Accession No. ML011870432), the Nuclear Energy Institute provided
a list of suggestions from its members for possible changes to
several regulations that could reduce unnecessary regulatory
burden, including certain reporting and labeling requirements in
10 CFR parts 19 and 20. The NRC staff has evaluated the
suggestions from industry and other stakeholders and selected 10
CFR 19.13, ``Notifications and reports to individuals,'' 10 CFR
20.2104, ``Determination of prior occupational dose,'' and
container labeling requirements as being candidates for further
consideration. The NRC staff is also considering changes to 10
CFR 20.1003 to clarify the use of the effective dose equivalent
in place of the deep dose equivalent in dose assessments (see
Regulatory Issue Summary 2003-04, ``Use of the Effective Dose
Equivalent in Place of the Deep Dose Equivalent in Dose
Assessments,'' dated February 13, 2003; ADAMS Accession No.
ML030370122). The NRC staff's preliminary assessment is that
these regulations result in regulatory burdens on licensees
beyond what is needed to protect workers and the public against
radiation.
Discussion The rulemaking under consideration would revise
several administrative requirements associated with the
collection, reporting, and posting of information. The draft
wording for the changes being considered by the NRC staff may be
viewed on the NRC's public Web site at .
The first change being considered would affect 10 CFR 19.13 and
related regulations in 10 CFR Part 20. Prior to 1992, 10 CFR
19.13(b) required licensees to provide each worker annually the
worker's occupational dose ``[a]t the request of any worker.''
Thereafter, the Commission amended its regulations (58 FR 23360;
May 21, 1991) to conform to 1987 Presidential guidance for
Federal agencies on
[[Page 8351]] occupational radiation protection (52 FR 2822;
January 27, 1987). NRC licensees are currently required to advise
each worker annually of the worker's received dose as shown in
records maintained by the licensee pursuant to 10 CFR 20.2106,
``Records of individual monitoring results.'' Licensees are
required by 10 CFR 20.2106 to maintain records of doses received
by all individuals for whom monitoring was required pursuant to
10 CFR 20.1502, ``Conditions requiring individual monitoring of
external and internal occupational dose.'' Under 10 CFR 20.1502,
licensees are required to monitor occupational radiation exposure
for workers likely to receive a dose in excess of 10 percent of
the limits specified in 10 CFR 20.1201, ``Occupational dose
limits for adults,'' or for workers who enter a high or very high
radiation area. Licensees make this determination prospectively
with a measure of conservatism, so that many of the workers
monitored by licensees actually receive no measurable exposure or
only a small fraction of the doses specified in 10 CFR 20.1502.
As a result, the recordkeeping and reporting requirements have
applied to a large number of workers, thereby increasing
administrative costs to licensees. The NRC staff is considering a
change to the reporting requirement so that licensees would
continue the current reporting for workers who receive more than
2 percent of the limits specified in 10 CFR 20.1201 (this would
generally translate to exceeding a total effective dose
equivalent (TEDE) of 100 millirem in one year), but would not be
required to provide annual dose reports to workers who receive
less than 2 percent of those limits. Licensees would continue to
provide all workers access to information from their dose records
and would provide any worker with a copy of their annual dose
report upon request. The staff's initial criteria of 100 millirem
was selected because it corresponds to the annual dose limit in
10 CFR 20.1301, ``Dose limits for individual members of the
public,'' and is also the threshold for requiring employee
training pursuant to 10 CFR 19.12, ``Instruction to workers.'' In
addition to other comments or suggestions regarding this possible
change to NRC regulations, the NRC staff requests that
stakeholders responding to this solicitation address the
following questions: (1) Does the language being considered
appropriately balance the intent of the Federal government's
guidance and regulations related to occupational exposure in
terms of avoiding burdensome requirements for doses that are
insignificant while adequately providing individuals with
information about their occupational exposures? (2) Has the staff
suggested appropriate criteria for when licensees are required to
provide a report to workers (i.e., is ``exceeds 2 percent of the
dose limits in 10 CFR 20.1201(a) or the worker makes a request
for a report of their dose'' a reasonable threshold)? (3) Would
the change, if made based on the language being considered,
result in cost savings to licensees? If so, please provide an
estimate of the savings.
(4) Should licensees be required to notify workers periodically
of their right to request their dose report (e.g., when the
worker is issued a personal dosimeter or annually)? (5) Does the
possible consolidation of required reports to individuals into 10
CFR 20.2205 and the deletion of 10 CFR 19.13(d) clarify the
regulations and would there be a significant cost associated with
implementing this possible change? The second change under
consideration would revise 10 CFR 20.1905, ``Exemptions to
labeling requirements,'' or alternatively add a new regulation to
10 CFR part 50 which would define an exemption from 10 CFR
20.1904 for certain containers within facilities with licenses
issued under parts 50 or 52. The exempted containers would need
to satisfy conditions such as being located within an area posted
in accordance with 10 CFR 20.1902, being conspicuously marked,
and being accessible only to trained individuals.
In addition to other comments or suggestions regarding this
possible change to NRC regulations, the NRC staff requests that
stakeholders responding to this solicitation address the
following questions: (1) Does the language being considered
provide adequate controls for radioactive materials stored within
facilities licensed under 10 CFR part 50? (2) Would the change,
if made based on the language being considered, result in cost
savings to part 50 licensees? If so, please provide an estimate
of the savings.
(3) Are there categories of materials licensees to which this
exemption might be applied, where adequate controls for
radioactive materials stored within these facilities could be
provided by the conditions being considered for the exemption? If
so, what would be the cost savings to these licensees? The third
change under consideration involves 10 CFR 20.2104. This possible
change would revise the requirement in 10 CFR 20.2104(a)(2) for
licensees to attempt to obtain the records of cumulative
occupational radiation dose for each worker requiring monitoring
pursuant to 10 CFR 20.1502. The information on occupational doses
in years other than the current year is not used except in
performing evaluations required by 10 CFR 20.1206, ``Planned
special exposures.'' Requirements related to obtaining
information, performing evaluations, maintaining records, and
making reports to individuals and the NRC about planned special
exposures are codified in 10 CFR 20.1206 and 20.2104(b). The NRC
staff is considering changing 10 CFR 20.2104 to require that
licensees obtain the records of cumulative occupational radiation
dose only for those individuals being authorized to receive a
planned special exposure.
In addition to other comments or suggestions regarding this
possible change to NRC regulations, the NRC staff requests that
stakeholders responding to this solicitation address the
following questions: (1) Would the change, if made based on the
language being considered, ensure adequate protection of
radiation workers? (2) Would the change, if made based on the
language being considered, result in cost savings to licensees?
If so, please provide an estimate of the savings.
The fourth change under consideration by the NRC staff is to
revise the definition of TEDE in 10 CFR 20.1003 to be more
consistent with the technical basis for the requirements in Part
20 (e.g., the recommendations of the International Commission on
Radiological Protection in its Publication 30, a copy of which
may be purchased through Elsevier at ). The change under
consideration resolves a source of possible confusion in the
current regulation by clarifying that the TEDE is the sum of the
effective dose equivalent (for external exposures) and the
committed effective dose equivalent (for internal exposures). If
a licensee is not using a method approved by the NRC for
determining effective dose equivalent with radiation measuring
devices, the deep dose equivalent, determined for the highest
exposed part of the whole body, will be substituted for the
effective dose equivalent (for external exposures). Regulatory
Issue Summary 2003-04 provides the regulatory basis, and approved
methods, for using the effective dose equivalent from external
exposures in complying with the regulatory requirements, and
limits, on TEDE.
In addition to other comments or suggestions regarding this
possible
[[Page 8352]] change to NRC regulations, the NRC staff requests
that stakeholders responding to this solicitation address the
following questions: (1) Is the proposed definition of TEDE
consistent with the technical basis of the current regulations in
10 CFR part 20 (e.g., recommendations of the International
Commission on Radiological Protections in its Publications 26 and
30)? (2) Does the language clarify the existing requirements as
explained in Regulatory Issue Summary 2003-04? (3) Should the
rule address approvals by Agreement States of dosimetry methods
for using effective dose equivalent when external exposure is
determined by measurement? If so, how should approval by one
jurisdiction be considered by other jurisdictions to ensure
consistent results and to minimize state-by-state variations in
approach for licensees operating in multiple jurisdictions? The
draft rule language is preliminary and may be incomplete in one
or more respects. The NRC staff is releasing the draft rule
language to inform stakeholders of the NRC staff's consideration
of possible changes to 10 CFR parts 19, 20, and 50, and to invite
stakeholders to comment on the draft revisions. As appropriate,
the Statements of Consideration for the proposed rule will
briefly discuss substantive changes made to the rule language as
a result of comments received. Comments may be provided as
indicated under the ADDRESSES heading. The NRC may post updates
periodically on the rulemaking web site that may be of interest
to stakeholders.
Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 18th day of February, 2004.
For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
William H. Ruland, Director, Project Directorate IV, Division of
Licensing Project Management, Office of Nuclear Reactor
Regulation.
[FR Doc. 04-3890 Filed 2-23-04; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 7590-01-P
*****************************************************************
30 [DU-WATCH] Must Read Clusterbombs
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2004 01:36:05 -0600 (CST)
The following article is about two Afghan women collecting unexploded
clusterbomblets and risking their lives to clean their enclaves,
Miraki,
Risking Death, 2 Afghan Women Collected
and Detonated U.S. Cluster Bombs in 2001
By CARLOTTA GALL
The New York Times
February 22, 2004
HAJI BAI NAZAR, Afghanistan Two women in this poor farming village have
emerged as heroines after they witnessed the horror of two small boys being
killed as they played with little cluster bombs from an American jet. The
two cleared dozens of the bombs with their bare hands and detonated them,
protecting the village.
Mine removers learned of their feat when surveying the area for cluster
bomb strikes a few weeks later. "We told them they were crazy, that they
could have been killed," said Dr. Nasiri, who is with the the Halo Trust, a
nonprofit British organization that specializes in removing mines.
The women, Khairulnisah, 50, and Nasreen, 40, started to gather the
dangerously volatile yellow canisters after the bombing in 2001 and after
they had witnessed the explosion that killed the two boys and badly injured
another child. The children had been playing with the two-pound bombs that
littered the village.
Over several days, the two women cleared 60 or 70 of these cluster bombs
from the immediate area and detonated them in a hollow at night, according
to the villagers' accounts, which the Halo Trust vouched for.
In a country where women are subservient to the men of the family and
excluded from decision-making, the courage of these two quickly took a
place in local legend.
"One man came and said, `With such a heart, your wife will become prime
minister,' " said Muhammad Isa, the husband of Ms. Nasreen, with a laugh.
The women are practical and hard-working, with rough hands and calm voices.
Both said they had decided to clear the bombs out of concern for their
children. "I was afraid my sons would get injured," said Ms. Nasreen, who
was the first to pick one up.
"They were all over the street, and there were 10 in our yard," said Ms.
Khairulnisah, her neighbor. "We were stepping around the bombs for five
days and we were not touching them. We knew they were dangerous. But after
the children were killed I decided to do something."
She added: "The men could not go close. They were not brave enough to pick
them up and they were running back into the house. I was not afraid, I was
just trusting in God."
The cluster bombs were dropped during the American operation against
Taliban forces who were occupying the village in October 2001. They are
armor-piercing missiles that scatter in the air from a larger bomb and can
shred both humans and tanks.
Up to a third of the bombs do not explode on impact, but lie on or just
below the surface of the ground, and detonate with the slightest vibration
or increase in heat, mine removers at the Halo Trust said.
Hundreds were dropped along the front line near the town of Khojar Ghar in
northern Afghanistan, and The Halo Trust has spent two years clearing
dozens of bomb strikes in the area. Last fall, they found five new sites on
nearby hills. They are the most dangerous unexploded ordnance of all, and
the agency lost two senior leaders clearing cluster bombs in 2002.
The women said they felt endangered by handling the bombs. "Sometimes they
made a noise, sometimes something turned inside, and that would press on my
heart, and I would carefully lie them back down," Ms. Khairulnisah said.
"Those ones I would pick up with a shovel."
Ms. Khairulnisah has "always been like that," said Muhammad Jan, her
husband. "When the bombing was going on, she would go up onto the roof,
saying, `Only God can take my life.' " Ms. Nasreen said she sensed that the
bombs were full of liquid explosive. "Most of the time when I was picking
them up, they would vibrate and shake my whole arm," she said. "One was so
hot it was burning my hand and I had to put it quickly in water."
She collected 34 over three days, putting straw around them each time and
setting fire to small groups of them, causing a big explosion, as she hid
behind a wall.
"I knew they were dangerous," she said. "I was risking my life for the life
of others. I was sick for nine days after that. I don't know if it was the
gas. It smells so bad it makes you want to vomit."
When she began collecting them, she did not tell anyone what she was doing.
But the explosions frightened the villagers, so she owned up. Her husband
and son tried to stop her. "I will not pick up your body and I will say you
committed suicide," her husband told her. But she ignored them.
The men said the women just did not understand the dangers of the bombs.
"We see the incidents and repercussions of warfare, but the women don't
know," said Abdullah, 18, Ms. Nasreen's son.
But his mother dismissed that idea. "That's not true," she said. "I saw the
dead bodies of those children. I knew exactly the consequences but I
thought we should clean the village of them and protect our children."
*****************************************************************
31 [DU-WATCH] DEPLETED URANIUM SAFETY FEARS CONTINUE
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2004 01:10:55 -0600 (CST)
http://www.agi.it/english/news.pl?doc=200402161848-1185-RT1-CRO-0-NF11&page=
0&id=agionline-eng.oggitalia
DEPLETED URANIUM SAFETY FEARS CONTINUE
UN Observer
2004-02-20 | It has been reported that the U.K. Ministry of Defence have
performed an astonishing u-turn on the safety of Depleted Uranium. All
serving personnel working in IRAQ have now been issued with a Depleted
Uranium information card.
( * Ed. Note: Please see copy below. )
For over a decade many 1990-91 Gulf War veterans have complained of ill
health possibly associated with exposure to DU. To date many veterans still
await tangible testing for their exposures and have faced a wall of
opposition in their efforts to acquire help and advice.
The decision raises many disturbing questions about the issues of DU. For
instance why were 1990-91 Gulf war service veterans not informed about the
dangers of DU or given advice cards? Why were they not given appropriate
guidance on the use of DU and why are they still waiting to be tested for
possible service-attributable exposures?
We have all marvelled at the media images of this powerful weapon and we
have been reassured for years that Depleted Uranium is safe, so why have the
Ministry of Defence decided to issue the new FMED 1018 DU information cards?
The card offers the following information_
You have been deployed to a theatre where Depleted Uranium (DU) munitions
have been used
DU is a weakly radioactive heavy metal, which has the potential to cause
ill health
You may have been exposed to dust containing DU during your deployment
For many veterans this action and news has come as too little, too late. To
date some 650 Gulf War veterans have lost their lives and hundreds, if not
thousands have been left sick and disabled by their loyal war time service.
Many of the worlds battlefields have been left contaminated and civilian
populations now live under the shadow of the Depleted Uranium legacy.
GULF WAR SYNDROME UK SUPPORT GROUP calls upon the Government to take urgent
action in addressing the issues of Depleted Uranium. We would also like to
see immediate testing for evidence of exposure to Depleted Uranium and
additional Chromosome Aberration testing of service veterans and affected
civilian populations.
For further details refer to http://www.gwsuk.org.uk and/or
http://www.mod.uk/issues/depleted_uranium/index.htm
* MoD Accept DU has the potential to cause ill health
British Troops serving in Iraq are now being issued with an F Med 1018.
Why not before the Iraq war, Balkans or Gulf War?
Are service personnel from other nations aware that British Troops carry
this warning card?
Are Iraqi Civilians aware of this warning card?
Are Civilians aware of this warning card who around the world live near test
firing range's?
Copies of this card should be made for the Iraqi civilians to turn up at
British & American Military establishments in Iraq and ask for testing as it
was the US and the UK that used Uranium Munitions.
Please distribute the faxed, photo-copy of the card that was sent to me.
(Name withheld)
REMEMBER The MoD have always told Gulf War 1 Vet's DU IS SAFE - another
demonstration of an UNTRUTH
It was said that DU was experimental during Gulf War 1 - then is this
another demonstration of the breaking of the Nuremberg Code by observing the
health effects on the Veterans after the War?
MOD Card:
"DU Information Card (introduced 03/03) F Med 1018
You have been deployed to a theatre where Depleted Uranium(DU) munitions
have been used.
DU is a weakly radioactive heavy metal, which has the potential to cause ill
health
You may have been exposed to dust containing DU during your deployment
Further Information
You are eligiable for a urine test to measure uranium.
If you wish to know more about having this test, you should consult your
unit medical officer on return to your home base.
Your medical officer can provide information about the health effects of DU.
Information is also available on the MOD web site:
www.mod.uk/issues/depleted_uranium/index.htm"
http://www.mod.uk/issues/depleted_uranium/index.htm
Related Article
ITALIAN SOLDIERS DON'T USE URANIUM PROTECTION MASKS - ASSOC PRESIDENT
(AGI) - Rome, Italy, Wednesday February 18, 2004
Feb. 16 - Italian soldiers deployed in Afghanistan and Iraq do not wear
protective masks that impede inhalation of depleted uranium dust, wrote
Falco Accame, president of the Armed Forces Victims Association, in a letter
to the Italian president. According to Accame, norms were issued by the
United States in 1993 for the use of masks in order to "impede the
inhalation of uranium oxide that deposits in the soil of areas bombarded by
weapons containing depleted uranium, which can be carried by the wind."
These norms are in effect for Italian forces since 1999. Accame also said
that Italy has had "twenty deaths for suspected uranium contamination, and
around 200 illnesses."
[Brought to you by HTTP://WWW.STOPNATO.ORG.UK]
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32 [DU-WATCH] DARPA creating a race of robo-grunts
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2004 01:37:05 -0600 (CST)
DARPA creating a race of robo-grunts
By Thomas C Greene in Washington
Posted: 21/02/2004 at 00:01 GMT
I'm taking little white pills
And my eyes are open wide
I just passed a Jimmy and a White...
I've been passin' every thing in sight.
Six days on the road, and I'm gonna make it home tonight.
--Dave Dudley
The Defense Sciences Office of the US Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency (DARPA) is looking for a few good proposals to exploit soldiers in ways
Rommel and Tojo could only have dreamed of.
Imagine divisions of grunts able to go without food and sleep for days on end
while performing at peak level. That's the perverse dream of the Defense
Sciences Office's new Metabolic Dominance Program.
"The vision for the Metabolic Dominance Program is to develop novel
strategies that exploit and control the mechanisms of energy production,
metabolism,
and utilization during short periods of deployment requiring unprecedented
levels of physical demand. The ultimate goal is to enable superior physical
and
physiological performance by controlling energy metabolism on demand," DARPA
explains.
Much of this will be a matter of uncapping the natural safety mechanisms
against excessive strain that humans have evolved with - overclocking the
grunt,
so to speak. But the DoD doesn't seem much concerned by the potential ill
effects; nowhere in the call for proposals is there a request for a long-term
health impact study. The long-term effects will apparently be discovered the
old-fashioned way.
Numerous areas of pseudo-science will be explored to achieve "continuous peak
physical performance and cognitive function for 3 to 5 days, 24 hours per
day, without the need for calories."
This will be accomplished without the traditional stimulants and the nervous
edge they create. Firing up soldiers with amphetamines has had its drawbacks,
illustrated most recently in Afghanistan, where two speed-addled US pilots
panicked and attacked a group of Canadians on a training exercise, killing
four
and wounding eight.
Rather, DARPA is interested in forcing soldiers' bodies to metabolize their
own fat reserves, eliminating the need for food. It would like to overclock
muscle mitochondria, increasing output beyond levels that the skeleton can
withstand. It would like to suppress the painful signs of fatigue, so that
soldiers
can be pushed beyond the limits of human endurance without realizing it, at
least until something breaks.
DARPA has identified a number of problems that will need solving. One is body
temperature management; super-metabolism will cause overheating, which can
easily kill. Another is supplying nutrients to people who have stopped eating,
though perhaps little white pills or transdermal patches can be used.
And finally, there has to be a way of reversing the enhancements at will,
"without deleterious or irreversible effects," DARPA says. "Adverse effects
are
to be identified with mechanisms for intervention." These mechanisms should
"reduce post-exertion recovery time and minimize negative consequences of
enhanced performance."
Or at least the appearance of such.
Soldiers must return to normal metabolism when the 'treatments' stop. We
wouldn't take 'without ... permanent effects' to mean 'without permanent
injury,'
because that's something no military organization ever apologizes for. We take
it to mean that when the burnt-out, desiccated husks of men who have been
driven beyond natural limits are shipped home, their families will see them
eating and sleeping normally, and therefore wonder less about why they can
barely
walk.
DARPA will be accepting proposals from the 'scientific community' until
mid-March. .
http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/73/35721.html
Law Offices of
Indira Rai-Choudhury, Esq.
1201 Cornwall Ave., Suite 108
Bellingham WA 98225
360-676-0200
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33 [du-list] Audio and Powerpoint - Iraqi MD exposes effects of
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2004 14:45:21 -0800
**
http://www.traprockpeace.org/jawad_al-ali_iraq.html
Dr. Jawad Al-Ali, manager of the Oncology Center in Basrah, Iraq, has
exposed the health effects of wars on Iraq. He has presented the results of
cancer studies in Iraq at the World Uranium Weapons Conference in Hamburg
and the recent Japan Peace Conference, Naha, Okinawa January 29 - February
1, 2004.
He reveals that cancer mortality has increased 19 fold since Gulf War I in
Basra, and the occurrence of unusual phenomena, such as familial clusterings
of cancers, double and triple cancers in one patient, and cancers usually
associated with elderly patients occurring in the young. Rates of cancer and
radiation activity have both shown sharp increases since Gulf War I, when
about 340 tons of uranium munitions were expended in Iraq, much of this in
the Basrah area. (The US refuses to disclose how much tonnage of uranium
weapons it used I Iraq during Gulf War II. Estimates have ranged from over
100 tons up to 2000 tons.)
You can hear and read his presentation at
http://www.traprockpeace.org/jawad_al-ali_iraq.html
The page includes a link to the audio of his talk to the World Uranium
Weapons Conference, the slide show in pdf format, the text of his talk to
the Japan Peace Conference in Haha, Okinawa, January 29-Feb 1, 2004 and
photographs of Dr. Jawad Al-Ali from the World Uranium Weapons Conference.
The slide show contains tables and graphs explaining the health effects of
the war, pictures of Iraq after bombings, and very graphic pictures of Iraqi
cancer victims. (Warning: many of these photos are horrific and are not
suitable for children in this writer's opinion.) The slide show photographs
are the work of Japanese photo journalist Takashi Morizumi.
Thanks to the efforts of Canadian physician Ross Wilcock, we've made
available this easy to download 2.25 mg pdf version of the slide show. This
version is friendly for download to people with dial-up connections while
preserving the content, including photographs, of the original. You could
also download the audio of his presentation, and listen to his talk while
scrolling through the slide show.
The talk and visual presentation cover most of the same ground do not
exactly match given time restraints of his talk (he needed to skip or change
the order of some slides.) The webpage above has a key to assist in going
through the presentation while listening to the talk. AFSC has published a
42 mg version of the presentation in Powerpoint format.
http://www.afsc.org/newengland/pesp/effects-of-wars.ppt
We have audio of other speakers from the World Uranium Weapons Conference
that we will be uploading to the Traprock site over the next few weeks. For
more information on the conference, including conference reports, go to
http://www.uraniumweaponsconference.de/
For the audio, we wish to thank Martin Voelker, who converted and edited
audio we recorded at the Hamburg conference, and Marion Kuepker, a convener
of the Hamburg conference and with Gewaltfreie Aktion Atomwaffen Abschaffen
(GAAA) - http://www.gaaa.org/ She kindly provided their conference
recordings.
Thank you, Charlie Jenks
Charles Jenks, attorney at law
President of the Core Group
Traprock Peace Center
103A Keets Road
Deerfield, MA 01342
413-773-1633; Fax 413-773-7507
charles@mtdata.com
http://traprockpeace.org
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34 [DU-WATCH] Audio and Powerpoint - Iraqi MD exposes effects of
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2004 17:55:20 -0600 (CST)
**
http://www.traprockpeace.org/jawad_al-ali_iraq.html
Dr. Jawad Al-Ali, manager of the Oncology Center in Basrah, Iraq, has
exposed the health effects of wars on Iraq. He has presented the results of
cancer studies in Iraq at the World Uranium Weapons Conference in Hamburg
and the recent Japan Peace Conference, Naha, Okinawa January 29 - February
1, 2004.
He reveals that cancer mortality has increased 19 fold since Gulf War I in
Basra, and the occurrence of unusual phenomena, such as familial clusterings
of cancers, double and triple cancers in one patient, and cancers usually
associated with elderly patients occurring in the young. Rates of cancer and
radiation activity have both shown sharp increases since Gulf War I, when
about 340 tons of uranium munitions were expended in Iraq, much of this in
the Basrah area. (The US refuses to disclose how much tonnage of uranium
weapons it used I Iraq during Gulf War II. Estimates have ranged from over
100 tons up to 2000 tons.)
You can hear and read his presentation at
http://www.traprockpeace.org/jawad_al-ali_iraq.html
The page includes a link to the audio of his talk to the World Uranium
Weapons Conference, the slide show in pdf format, the text of his talk to
the Japan Peace Conference in Haha, Okinawa, January 29-Feb 1, 2004 and
photographs of Dr. Jawad Al-Ali from the World Uranium Weapons Conference.
The slide show contains tables and graphs explaining the health effects of
the war, pictures of Iraq after bombings, and very graphic pictures of Iraqi
cancer victims. (Warning: many of these photos are horrific and are not
suitable for children in this writer's opinion.) The slide show photographs
are the work of Japanese photo journalist Takashi Morizumi.
Thanks to the efforts of Canadian physician Ross Wilcock, we've made
available this easy to download 2.25 mg pdf version of the slide show. This
version is friendly for download to people with dial-up connections while
preserving the content, including photographs, of the original. You could
also download the audio of his presentation, and listen to his talk while
scrolling through the slide show.
The talk and visual presentation cover most of the same ground do not
exactly match given time restraints of his talk (he needed to skip or change
the order of some slides.) The webpage above has a key to assist in going
through the presentation while listening to the talk. AFSC has published a
42 mg version of the presentation in Powerpoint format.
http://www.afsc.org/newengland/pesp/effects-of-wars.ppt
We have audio of other speakers from the World Uranium Weapons Conference
that we will be uploading to the Traprock site over the next few weeks. For
more information on the conference, including conference reports, go to
http://www.uraniumweaponsconference.de/
For the audio, we wish to thank Martin Voelker, who converted and edited
audio we recorded at the Hamburg conference, and Marion Kuepker, a convener
of the Hamburg conference and with Gewaltfreie Aktion Atomwaffen Abschaffen
(GAAA) - http://www.gaaa.org/ She kindly provided their conference
recordings.
Thank you, Charlie Jenks
Charles Jenks, attorney at law
President of the Core Group
Traprock Peace Center
103A Keets Road
Deerfield, MA 01342
413-773-1633; Fax 413-773-7507
charles@mtdata.com
http://traprockpeace.org
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35 [DU-WATCH] Scandal of Gulf war guinea pigs
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2004 23:34:23 -0600 (CST)
Scandal of Gulf War guinea pigs http://www.sundaypost.com/news1.htm
EXCLUSIVE By Jackie Bytheway
THE Ministry of Defence breached the Nuremberg Code by carrying out
medical tests on soldiers during the first Gulf War.
Injections with a cocktail of drugs were given to thousands of
soldiers prior to being sent to the Gulf.
But one medical unit 205 General Hospital, now 205 Field Hospital,
based in Govan, Glasgow was used for vaccine experiments without
being told.
Immunisation The Nuremberg Code states that voluntary consent is
absolutely essential before such experiments are carried out.
Britain is bound by the code yet two of the soldiers in 205GH were
unaware they were used as guinea pigs until told by The Sunday Post.
A Government report into the immunisation of soldiers during the
first Gulf War states, HQ British Forces Middle East decided a trial
should be conducted at 205 General Hospital to assess how many
personnel would suffer severe reactions as a result of plague
immunisation before other units in theatre began the administration
of plague vaccine.
Tony Flint.
The results of the trial would give an indication of the number of
personnel who would be affected by severe vaccine reactions.
Tony Flint, who was attached to the unit, added, We were guinea
pigs and we are all pretty angry about it.
We had no choice and they had no right to do that to us. It is
against the Nuremberg Code. We all assumed this vaccine had been
safe and tested out at Porton Down not on the battlefield.
Symptoms Tony, from London, has not been able to work for 10 years
and is only 56. He attributes all his symptoms to the vaccines he
received for anthrax, whooping cough and the plague.
Tony now suffers from a long list of ailments including flu-like
symptoms every six to eight weeks and chronic fatigue.
One Glasgow soldier, who served with 205 General Hospital and does
not want to be named, said, There was a lot of peer pressure applied
by comrades and senior officers. I wasnt aware of mass testing and
if we had been told a lot of people would have refused.
There were a lot of professional people in 205 such as doctors,
nurses and lab technicians and there would have been a full-scale
riot if they knew they were being tested.
Emeritus Professor of Medicinal Chemistry, Malcolm Hooper, said,
Its extremely disturbing that a number of situations in the first
Gulf War were clearly experimental without the proper research being
carried out.
Prof Hooper, who retired from Sunderland University, is now chief
scientific advisor to the National Gulf Veterans and Families
Association.
He said there is clear evidence of damage to the nervous system
that he believes has been caused by the injections.
Cold heart He added, The veterans are fighting for their lives,
sanity and families. They have not received justice, theyve been
met with a tin ear, cold heart and a closed mind. They are just
asking that their health is taken care of properly.
Now the National Gulf Veterans and Families Association plan to
take legal action against the MoD.
The MoD initially maintained personnel had given informed consent
for the injections. But after we disputed their facts, they admitted
the immunisations were meant to be voluntary.
However, they accept that when the instruction was passed down the
chain of command it may have led to the belief the immunisations
were mandatory.
An MoD spokesman said, It appears the voluntary nature of the
anti-biological weapons immunisation programme was clearly understood
in some cases but not in others.
He added that a combination of leadership by example, peer pressure
and lack of clear instructions left some personnel with the belief
they could not refuse the immunisations.
We are holding our hands up. In some cases the Nuremberg Code may
have been breached, he added.
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36 [DU-WATCH] MOD accepts DU has the potential to cause ill health
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2004 23:38:42 -0600 (CST)
Dear all this wrning card (see below) was sent out by a Gulf Veteran,
please circulate cheers
MoD Accept DU has the potential to cause ill health
British Troops serving in Iraq are now being issued with an F Med
1018.
Why not before the Iraq war, Balkans or Gulf War?
Are service personnel from other nations aware that British Troops
carry this warning card?
Are Iraqi Civilians aware of this warning card?
Are Civilians aware of this warning card who around the world live
near test firing range's.
Copies of this card should be made for the Iraqi civilians to turn
up at British & American Military establishments in Iraq and ask
for testing as it was the US and the UK that used Uranium Munitions.
Please distribute the faxed, photo-copy of the card that was sent
to me.
REMEMBER The MoD have always told Gulf War 1 Vet's DU IS SAFE another
demonstration of an UNTRUTH
It was said that DU was experimental during Gulf War 1 - then is
this another demonstration of the breaking of the Nuremberg Code
by observing the health effects on the Veterans after the War?
MOD Card:
DU Information Card (introduced 03/03) F Med 1018
You have been deployed to a theatre where Depleted Uranium(DU)
munitions have been used.
DU is a weakly radioactive heavy metal, which has the potential to
cause ill health
You may have been exposed to dust containing DU during your deployment
Further Information
You are eligiable for a urine test to measure uranium.
If you wish to know more about having this test, you should consult
your unit medical officer on return to your home base.
Your medical officer can provide information about the health effects
of DU.
Information is also available on the MOD web site:
www.mod.uk/issues/depleted_uranium/index.htm
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37 [DU-WATCH] Depleted Uranium: The war crime that has no end
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2004 01:35:08 -0600 (CST)
DEPLETED URANIUM: THE WAR CRIME THAT HAS NO END
by Paul Rockwell 2004-02-20 UN Observer
http://www.unobserver.com/layout5.php?id=1462&blz=1
Depleted uranium is a crime against God and humanity. Dr.
Doug Rokke, U.S. Army health physicist
The international dispatches about the U.S. invasion and occupation
of Iraq - replete with graphic details about overcrowded hospitals,
U.S. cluster bomb shrapnel buried in the flesh of children, babies
deformed by U.S.
depleted uranium, farms and markets destroyed by U.S. bombs do not
make pleasant reading. The mounting evidence from the invasion of
Iraq establishes what many Americans may not want to face: that the
highest leaders of our land violated many international agreements
relating to the rules of war.
Unless we address the war crimes of the Bush administration - and
the prima facie evidence is overwhelming - we betray our conscience,
our country, and our own faith in democracy.
The United States is bound by customary law and international laws
of war: the Hague Conventions of 1889 and 1907, the Geneva Conventions
of 1949, and the Nuremberg Conventions adopted by the United Nations,
December 11, 1945 - all of which set limits beyond which, by common
consent, decent peoples will not go. Under the Constitution, all
treaties are part of the supreme law of the land.
Humanitarian law rests on a simple principle: that human rights are
measured by one yardstick. Without that principle, all jurisprudence
descends into mere piety and power. Nor do violations of the laws
of war by one belligerent vindicate the war crimes of another.
Of all the violations of the laws of war by the highest officials
of our country, none is more alarming or portentous than the
widespread, premeditated use of depleted uranium in Iraq. Eleven
miles north of the Kuwaiti border on the "Highway of Death," disabled
tanks, armored personnel carriers, gutted public vehicles the
mangled metals of Desert Storm - are resting in the desert, radiating
nuclear energy. American soldiers who lived for three months in the
toxic wasteland now suffer from fatigue, joint and muscle pain,
respiratory ailments - a host of maladies often known as the Gulf
War Syndrome.
Ever since the end of Desert Storm, when the Pentagon unloaded 350
tons of depleted uranium, American officials have been well aware
of the health hazards of the residue that is collected from the
processing of nuclear fuel.
When President Bush and the Pentagon authorized the use of depleted
uranium for the shock-and-awe campaign against Iraq in March 1983,
the Bush administration not only committed a war crime against the
people of Iraq, it demonstrated reckless disregard for the health
and safety of American troops.
Article 23 of the Geneva Convention IV is clear and unambiguous:
It is forbidden to employ poison or poisoned weapons, to kill
treacherously individuals belonging to the hostile nation or army,
to employ arms, projectiles or
material calculated to cause unnecessary suffering.
The Geneva Protocol of 1925 explicitly prohibits asphyxiating,
poisonous or other gasses, and all analogous liquids, materials or
devices.
The radiation produced by depleted uranium in battle is a poison,
a carcinogenic material that causes birth defects, lung disease,
kidney disease, leukemia, breast cancer,
lymphoma, bone cancer, and neurological disabilities.
Depleted uranium is much denser than lead and enables U.S.
weapons to penetrate steel, a great advantage in modern war.
But under the Geneva Conventions, the means of injuring the enemy
are not unlimited. When DU munitions explode, the air is bathed in
a fine radioactive dust, which carries on the wind, is easily
inhaled, and eventually enters the soil, pollutes ground water, and
enters the food chain.
Unexploded casings gradually oxidize, releasing more uranium into
the environment. Handlers of depleted uranium in the U.S.
are required to wear masks and protective clothing - a requirement
that Iraqi and American soldiers, not to mention civilians, are
unable to fulfill.
After the Gulf War in 1991, Iraqi hospitals recorded a surge in
cancer and birth defects. Hospital statistics from Basra show that
in 1988 there were 11 cancer cases per 100,000 people. By 2001,
after schools, homes, and entire neighborhoods were leveled from
the air, the number increased to 116 per 100,000. Breast and lung
cancer and leukemia showed up in all areas contaminated by depleted
uranium. Dr. Jawad al-Ali, cancer specialist at the Basra Training
Hospital, noted that, The only factor that has changed here since
the 1991 war is radiation.
Thirteen members of his staff, all present when the hospital area
was bombed, are now cancer patients.
The Christian Science Monitor recently sent reporters to Iraq to
investigate long-term effects of depleted uranium.
Staff writer Scott Peterson saw children playing on top of a burnt-out
tank near a vegetable stand on the outskirts of Baghdad, a tank
that had been destroyed by armor-piercing shells coated with depleted
uranium. Wearing his mask and protective clothing, he pointed his
Geiger counter toward the tank. It registered 1,000 times the normal
background radiation.
The families who survived the tragic decade of sanctions, even the
children who recently survived the bombing of
Baghdad, may not survive the radiated aftermath of military profligacy.
Uranium remains radioactive for two billion years. That's a long
time for reconstruction.
According to Dr. Doug Rokke, U.S. Army health physicist who led the
first clean-up of depleted uranium after the Gulf War, Depleted
uranium is a crime against God and humanity.
Rokke's own crew, a hundred employees, was devastated by exposure
to the fine dust. When we went to the Gulf, we were all really
healthy, he said. After performing clean-up operations in the desert
(mistakenly without protective gear), thirty members of his staff
died, and most others - including Rokke himself-developed serious
health problems.
Rokke now has reactive airway disease, neurological damage, cataracts,
and kidney problems. We warned the Department of Defense in 1991
after the Gulf War. Their arrogance is
beyond comprehension.
The growing outcry against the use of depleted uranium is not a
matter of minor legal technicalities. The laws of war prohibit the
use of weapons that have deadly and inhumane effects beyond the
field of battle. Nor can weapons be
legally deployed in war when they are known to remain active, or
cause harm after the war concludes. The use of depleted uranium is
a crime whose horrific consequences have yet to run their course.
Years ago in the midst of France's brutal war in Algeria, the
philosopher Jean Paul Sartre admonished the French
intelligentsia:
It is not right, my fellow-countrymen, you who know very well all
the crimes committed in our name. It's not at all right that you
do not breathe a word about them to anyone, not even to your own
soul, for fear of having to stand in judgment of yourself. I am
willing to believe that at the beginning you did not realize what
was happening;
later, you doubted whether such things could be true; but now you
know, and still you hold your tongues.
Paul Rockwell
For addtional information...
Afghan DU Recovery Fund: http://www.afghandufund.org/
Canadian Peacekeeping Veterans Association:
http://members.shaw.ca/cpva/
Coalicisn Internacional para la Abolicisn de las Armas
Radiactivas: http://www.amcmh.org/
The Eos life~work resource centre:
http://www.eoslifework.co.uk/du2012.htm
GULF WAR SYNDROME UK SUPPORT GROUP:
http://www.gwsuk.org.uk
Pandora DU Research Project:http://www.pandoraproject.org
Traprock Peace Center:
http://traprockpeace.org/RokkePressConf23July03.html
United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of
Human Rights:
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/2/sc.htm
Uranium Medical Research Centre: http://www.umrc.net/
Uranium Weapons Conference;
http://www.uraniumweaponsconference.de
--
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38 [du-list] Japanese split over Iraq mission
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2004 20:35:19 -0800
Japanese split over Iraq mission
Chalmers Johnson, for the L.A. Times
February 23, 2004, Minneapolis Star Tribune
http://www.startribune.com/stories/1519/4620598.html
Japan may have regained its sovereignty in 1952, but the
decision to dispatch Japanese troops to Iraq earlier this
month has reminded many of its citizens just how little
independence the country really has -- and just how much
control the United States retains.
If British Prime Minister Tony Blair is President Bush's
poodle, then Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi is his cocker
spaniel.
"We are still occupied by the American military," said an
acquaintance of mine who is a former official of Japan's
Ministry of Education and now a university president. "We
are a satellite. Our foreign policy revolves entirely around
the wishes of Washington."
Like many other Japanese, he believes that Koizumi ordered
Japan's first military sortie into an active combat zone
since World War II because he was too weak to stand up to Bush.
According to a recent Japan Broadcasting Corp. poll, 51
percent of the country opposes getting involved in
Washington's war against Iraq, while only 42 percent
supports Koizumi's decision. What's more, 82 percent of
those polled said they did not trust the prime minister's
explanations for marching into the Iraqi quagmire. Most
believe that Koizumi had to go along with Bush or risk
damaging the alliance with the United States.
There's no question that the United States takes Japan for
granted. The Bush administration likes to boast about how
successful the U.S. Army was in democratizing Japan after
World War II, and it likes to suggest that it will
accomplish the same feat in Iraq. But it fails to note that
the U.S. military kept the Japanese prefecture of Okinawa as
a Pentagon colony for more than 25 years -- until 1972 --
and that the United States still has 38 military bases on
that small island.
Okinawa is home to 1.3 million Japanese citizens who since
1945 have repeatedly had to bear the burdens of violent
crimes by American soldiers, continuous environmental and
noise pollution, hit-and-run accidents, bar brawls and
behavior that would never be tolerated in the United States
or the mainland of Japan.
The Washington official charged with keeping Japan in the
U.S. orbit is Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage.
His name probably appears in the Japanese media more
frequently than any other U.S. government figure. Armitage
has been hammering Koizumi for more than a year "not to miss
the boat" this time, referring to Japan's failure to support
the United States militarily in the 1991 war against Iraq.
(He has apparently forgotten that Tokyo bankrolled
operations to the tune of $13 billion.)
After his reelection as prime minister in September, Koizumi
railroaded a vote through the Japanese Parliament endorsing
the dispatch of Self-Defense Forces troops to Iraq, even
though he acknowledged that this was probably a violation of
Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution.
Article 9, a key part of Japan's post-World War II
constitution, prohibits Japan from using force in the
conduct of its foreign relations. Koizumi tried to get
around this by endorsing future efforts to amend the
constitution and by claiming that the Japanese army would
undertake "only humanitarian and reconstruction work" in Iraq.
But this is hardly a risk-free operation -- militarily or
politically. Domestic critics charge that sending the troops
before amending the constitution suggests that Japan does
not believe in the rule of law. Two former
secretaries-general of Koizumi's Liberal Democratic Party,
Koichi Kato and Makoto Koga, and the party's former policy
chief, Shizuka Kamei, declined to vote for the troop deployment.
The first of about 1,000 Japanese troops arrived Feb. 8 in
Samawah, 168 miles south of Baghdad, Iraq. Four days later,
they came under mortar attack. They've also been threatened
by Al-Qaida for joining the U.S.-led coalition -- and given
that Al-Qaida delivered painful blows to the Turks in
Istanbul after issuing similar warnings, Japan should be
braced for military and civilian casualties.
Perhaps even more serious for the Japanese, Samawah was hit
by U.S. depleted-uranium ammunition in both 1991 and 2003.
Japanese journalist Mamoru Toyoda, equipped with a Geiger
counter, found radiation levels in the town 300 times
greater than normal. The Dutch troops also based there have
refused to remove or go near any of the radioactive debris
in the area. Death and disability because of radiation
sickness is a particular horror for all Japanese after the
World War II bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
The British and Australian governments ignored their
populations to join Bush's might-makes-right adventure, when
they could have stood aside like France and Germany. It is
too bad that Japan has now done the same thing, permanently
destroying the idealism behind its antiwar constitution.
Chalmers Johnson, president of the Japan Policy Research
Institute and author of "The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism,
Secrecy, and the End of the Republic," wrote this article
for the Los Angeles Times.
--
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39 [du-list] This time, depleted uranium questions are coming
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2004 20:35:20 -0800
This time, depleted uranium questions are coming from the
Army first
By Kevin Dougherty, Stars and Stripes
European edition, Monday, February 23, 2004
http://www.estripes.com/article.asp?section=104&article=20636
As concerns over depleted uranium grew in the aftermath of
the Persian Gulf War, Army doctors were largely in a
reactive mode, waiting for soldiers to broach the subject of
radiation exposure.
That approach was partly due to an absence of health and
deployment data, which impeded efforts to cure and
compensate people.
Now, as the Army manages the largest force rotation in
decades, troops returning from Iraq are being asked about
depleted uranium — as well as other potentially dangerous
toxins — before most have a chance to raise the issue
themselves. This and other health-related questions form the
basis of an Armywide post-deployment questionnaire.
“We are doing more testing,” said Capt. James Mancuso, chief
of epidemiology at the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion
and Preventive Medicine-Europe in Landstuhl, Germany.
Mancuso said officials are not finding any significant
exposure, however, to depleted uranium, a dense substance
used in projectiles to improve armor-piercing capability.
But up and down the clinical chart, medical personnel are
doing more these days to check and document a soldier’s
health before and after deployment. The pace has accelerated
in recent months to better capture baseline medical data on
the waves of troops leaving and entering Iraq.
Officials say servicemembers are also more involved in the
process, partly because they are better educated about
possible health threats.
“We have a better trained soldier population,” said Army Lt.
Col. Gary Matcek, chief of the center’s health physics
division, “not just on DU, but on the whole litany of
toxicants.”
The effort to improve the process of collecting health and
deployment data comes on the heels of a Government
Accounting Office report that focused on 1,071 troops who
deployed to Kosovo or Afghanistan between January 2001 and
May 2002.
Released in September, the GAO’s review found the Army and
Air Force not in compliance with Defense Department policies
on health protection and surveillance. The report, based on
data covering four stateside bases, noted deficiencies in
health assessments, immunizations and record-keeping.
It also criticized the Defense Department for a lack of
“oversight of department-wide efforts to comply with health
surveillance requirements.”
The Defense Department concurred with the report.
The report “disclosed that 38 to 98 percent of
servicemembers [sampled] were missing one or both of their
[pre- or post-deployment] health assessments. ...”
The basis of the GAO review, the second in six years, is
rooted in health problems that arose after the 1990-91
Persian Gulf War, giving rise to what is known as Gulf War
syndrome.
One of the culprits, some say, was the use of depleted
uranium by U.S. and British forces. DU is a byproduct of the
enrichment process of natural uranium, and, because of its
density, is highly effective in penetrating armored vehicles.
But a lack of deployment data frustrated efforts to fully
investigate the matter, the GAO later found.
Today, troops wrapping up their Iraq tour are required to
complete a four-page form that includes, among other things,
a question about possible exposure to depleted uranium.
The number of soldiers answering “yes” is “very low,” said
Army Col. Allen Kraft, director of force health protection
for Europe Regional Medical Command and U.S. Army Europe.
Exposure to depleted uranium “is just one of the many, many
things we are covering” in the survey, Kraft said. “Some are
as innocuous as sand and dust.”
Regarding health assessments and data collection, Kraft
acknowledged Army doctors “learned some good lessons from
Gulf War I.”
But, he adds, people need to keep things in perspective.
Ingesting particles of depleted uranium certainly isn’t
desirable, Kraft said, but he noted that people who smoke do
their body more harm.
In a place such as Iraq, medical officials are just as
concerned about other toxicants, from oil field emissions to
lead paint. DU, Kraft said, “is on the low end of the totem
pole” of things to worry about.
“The word ‘radiation’ scares people,” Kraft said, “but you
are exposed to [levels of] radiation every time you step
outside.”
By anyone’s measure, the greatest threat of depleted uranium
exposure occurs when a soldier has the added misfortune of
being in a vehicle struck by a DU shell, possibly from
friendly fire. Upon impact, a round will pierce the metal
and then mostly vaporize, sending fragments as well as
particles of DU oxides flying.
Matcek, the CHPPME health physics division chief, said the
immediate threat soon dissipates and that even rescue
personnel are not at serious risk when following basic
safety standards. Troops who simply pass by are at no great
risk of exposure, either.
A measure of uranium, Matcek said, is in everyone’s body:
“It’s part of the air we breathe.”
“The conflict was different than the first time,” Matcek
said. “… We did a much better job identifying between friend
and foe.”
Medical officials, Mancuso said, walk a fine line when
talking to troops about DU.
If you show too little interest, people wonder; if you show
too much interest, people wonder.
He said just because troops were near inert DU munitions or
pass by an impact site doesn’t mean they’re in danger.
Among departing troops, “no health affects have been seen
relating to depleted uranium,” Mancuso said. “… Nothing has
been seen so far.”
--
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40 Las Vegas SUN: Fallon cancer cause remains unknown
Today: February 24, 2004 at 11:09:27 PST
Two-year study fails to determine how 16 got sick
By Cy Ryan
SUN CAPITAL BUREAU
CARSON CITY -- After two years of study, a panel of experts says
it could not find the cause of the childhood cancer cluster in
Fallon.
Between 1997 and 2002, 16 children who lived in Churchill
County were diagnosed with leukemia. Three have died.
The panel, led by Thomas Sinks, associate director for science
at the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, delivered its
final report Monday night in Fallon. Its conclusion: "The causes
of childhood leukemia, including those from Churchill County,
Nevada, remain unknown."
The team said the biological samples taken from the children
should be retained for further research into the problem that
has occurred in other parts of the nation. It said, however, it
does not recommend specific follow-up research of the Fallon
cluster at this time.
"To date, investigations of childhood leukemia clusters have
been disappointing for researchers, health departments and
communities," the final report said. "Additional efforts to
establish and study biologically plausible theories and testable
hypotheses for childhood leukemia clusters are warranted."
The team examined the high levels of arsenic in the water
system but noted those high arsenic levels have existed in the
water supply that has been used in the area for at least 60
years. The team said the arsenic intake was considered
hazardous, but added it was not associated with the occurrence
of childhood leukemia.
Construction is nearing completion on a new treatment facility
to remove the arsenic. And a program has been started to
encourage those who are served by private wells to have their
water tested for arsenic.
There also was an elevated level of tungsten in the drinking
water, but there is no information that suggests it can cause
childhood leukemia, the panel said. Other parts of Nevada have
the same tungsten level, it said. It added there should be more
study on the health effects in drinking water.
In measurements of the soils, surface water, air and indoor
dust, "No exposures of public health concern related to the
leukemia investigation were identified."
The pipelines bringing JP-8 jet fuel to the Navy were examined
and "there were no past or present public health hazards from
exposures," the report said.
The team looked at the possibility that a large increase in
population may have sparked the rise in the leukemia rate. It
said rural communities may have a high percentage of children
with limited exposure "to some infectious agent" and a rapid
increase in population may spread the infection through the
non-immune population of children.
But it said there was no significant increase in the number of
permanent Fallon residents in the years prior to the cancer
cluster. But there were between 20,000 and 50,000 temporary
personnel at the Naval Air Station between 1993 and 2000. The
panel said these population changes may or may not be
responsible for the relatively high incidence of childhood
leukemia.
The panel said the state should keep a close watch to determine
if additional cases of leukemia develop among the youngsters.
Other members of the panel were Dr. Malcolm Smith, head of the
pediatric section of the cancer therapy evaluation program at
the National Cancer Institute; Dr. William L. Carroll, chief of
the combined division of pediatric hematology/oncology at Mount
Sinai and New York University Schools of Medicine; Dr. Caroline
Hastings of the Children's Hospital in Oakland, Calif.; and
community members Carinsa Rivers, Roberta Lindeman and Rachel
Dahl-Curtis.
*****************************************************************
41 RGJ: Panel says no more environmental testing recommended in Fallon
Reno Gazette-Journal
Sands, left, Tracy Balderas, center, and Matt Warneke listen as
experts give their final report on the Fallon leukemia cluster
investigation Monday night during a town hall meeting in Fallon,
Nev. Sands’ daughter, Stephanie, died of leukemia in 2001.
Warnekes daughter Anna was diagnosed with leukemia in 2000. -
Becky Bosshart/ASSOCIATED PRESS]
/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Former Fallon resident Floyd Sands, left, Tracy Balderas, center,
and Matt Warneke listen as experts give their final report on the
Fallon leukemia cluster investigation Monday night during a town
hall meeting in Fallon, Nev. Sands’ daughter, Stephanie, died of
leukemia in 2001. Warnekes daughter Anna was diagnosed with
leukemia in 2000.
RENO GAZETTE-JOURNAL
2/23/2004 10:56 pm
FALLON — An expert panel involved in extensive studies of a
childhood leukemia cluster in this rural town said Monday that
no new environmental testing is recommended, but health
officials should continue to monitor the town for new cases.
Critics of the government’s investigation — including family
members of cancer patients — said the probe was doomed by poor
planning, political interference and the suppression of
important information that could have identified the cause of
the cancer cluster.
“We still haven’t seen anything like a competent investigation,”
said Floyd Sands, whose daughter Stephanie died of leukemia in
September 2001. “So far, no one has had the skill or the will to
really look for answers.”
The panel’s report came a year after federal and state
scientists said an 18-month probe into the cancer epidemic that
sickened 16 Fallon children and killed three of them was
inconclusive. The Fallon studies have been the most intensive
ever conducted into a cancer cluster, officials said, and the
massive amount of data compiled should help future researchers
investigate cancer clusters.
“All of us would love to be able to identify childhood leukemia,”
said Thomas Sinks of the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, which headed the probe. “We simply can’t afford to be
disappointed everytime we fail.”
The studies turned up no link to high levels of naturally
occurring arsenic in Fallon’s municipal water, a pipeline
carrying jet fuel to the Fallon Naval Air Station, local
pesticide spraying, high tungsten levels, an underground nuclear
test conducted 30 miles away about 40 years ago or other possible
causes. The testing found high levels of the metal tungsten in
residents’ water and their urine, but researchers couldn’t
connect the metal to leukemia.
Experts said the chances of the cluster being random were one in
232 million.
Critics of the probe said Monday that the government’s
investigation was inconclusive by design and covered up important
links to possible environmental culprits.
Bryant Furlough, a California science writer who has been
studying the cluster since 2001, said a draft report on the
leukemia families showed that the children in the cluster were
far more likely to have some exposure to family members in the
military than were children in the “control” families. Yet the
finding was omitted from the public report about the cluster.
“It’s difficult to imagine a legitimate reason for failing to
report this discovery to Fallon residents,” Furlow said. “That
the CDC withheld such a statistically significant, biologically
relevant finding from the public version is deeply disturbing.”
Sinks said he needed to review the draft report before he could
comment.
Matt Warneke, whose daughter, Annastacia, 9, has recovered from
leukemia, said state and federal officials warned residents in
2000 that no one should expect to find the causes of the cancer
cluster. Warneke said the CDC’s warning was a self-fulfilling
prophecy. Scientists took a year to plan for the probe and
another 18 months doing tests, he said.
“It was a farce from the beginning,” he said.
Warneke, who is president of Families in Search of Truth, a
research group begun by the leukemia patient families, said while
FIST is grateful for everything that’s been done so far to pin
down an environmental cause, much more needs to be done.
“FIST believes that Fallon can and does serve as an example of
what was done right and what should be done differently in a
cancer cluster investigation,” he said. “Many resources should
have been used that weren’t, such as linking scientists with
ongoing cancer research currently conducted in California.”
He said by ignoring other research, valuable time was lost in
planning and that doomed the Fallon probe to failure. In
addition, FIST said in a prepared statement, the government’s
probe was skewed by political and economic concerns.
“FIST believes that the investigation should be void of political
and economic guidance,” he said. “It should be done in a way that
bias is not allowed. We do understand the economic effect this
cluster has had on Fallon, however we feel that one should never
mention children’s lives and real estate in the same sentence.”
Throughout the cluster investigation, some residents and public
officials have said that the cancer cluster was reducing real
estate values and harming economic development.
Martha Framsted, spokeswoman for the Nevada State Division of
Health, said the expert panel reviewed the final reports from the
CDC and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. She
said the panel recommended tissue samples and other scientific
evidence be preserved for future researchers.
Private researchers also are working to investigate possible
links among the cluster, jet fuel and tungsten. Air tests are
scheduled to begin next month and an Arizona researcher is
exposing leukemia cells to tungsten and testing tree rings for
jet fuel residue.
“It may be that the tungsten and the fuel are working together,”
said Mark Witten, a toxicologist from the University of Arizona
who is leading the private research into the cluster. “They could
be co-factors.”
Sands said he’s happy the government has bowed out of Fallon
research. “Now that the Keystone Kops are out of the way, maybe a
real investigation can proceed,” he said.
© Copyright Reno Gazette-Journal, a Newspaper. Use of this
*****************************************************************
42 Russia Journal: Editorial - Coming clean with submarines
Feb 25, 2004, 07:19 (Moscow time) | SEARCH
September 01, 2003 Posted: 17:58 Moscow time (13:58 GMT)
Russia seems to be having bad luck with its submarines.
First, there was the awful tragedy of the sinking of the Kursk
back in 2000, with its great loss of life and reprehensible
attempt on the part of officialdom to evade responsibility. Now,
that disaster has been repeated by a similar one on a smaller
scale — the sinking of the K-159 nuclear submarine in the Barents
Sea as it was being towed to a scrapyard, killing an estimated
nine people. Its reactors were shut down at the time — thank
Heaven for small favors.
Watching events subsequent to the Kursk tragedy unfold, it was
sickening to see the parade of blame-ducking, finger-pointing and
just plain lying the military and government bureaucracy were
engaged in. From the reflexive blaming of the wreck on a
collision with an American submarine, to President Vladimir
Putin's fleeing the limelight on such a critical occasion to
desperate attempts by the Navy staff to dodge responsibility —
the affair painted the Russian military and governmental elite as
a bunch of callous, self-interested reprobates unwilling to do
what had to be done. Many men died because of this disregard for
human life and dignity.
This time around, Navy officials have already been charged with
violations of navigation rules. Sources in the Chief Military
Prosecutor's Office have specifically named the deputy commander
of the submarine division in question as "a person whose actions
directly constitute a malfeasance in office," according to
Interfax.
On the one hand, this could indicate that the Navy is getting
better at keeping an eye on its own, or maybe simply that the
causes of the current accident are so much more obvious than
those that brought about the sinking of the Kursk. Or this may be
more of the tired old passing the buck we're so used to, with
officials finding the nearest available unfortunate and making
him into a scapegoat for their own failings. It is, after all,
quite common for an underling to receive the blame when something
goes wrong — rarely a higher-up.
All this assumes that criminal human error was responsible, not
an act of God. Accidents do, happen after all, and we certainly
don't want to hang anyone ahead of time for what may just have
been the result of catastrophically bad luck.
In any case, what is to come out of all this should be based on
the results of an unbiased and disinterested inquiry in which
there are no attempts at obfuscation or evading the issue. We
didn't see much of that in the aftermath of the Kursk disaster.
We hope that that was the last time that the Russian military and
government decided to act a disgraceful manner while confronting
calamities. Coming clean with submarines
Articles by Ajay Goyal on russiajournal.ru
*****************************************************************
43 Russia Journal: Defense - Russia gets $21.5m for nuclear submarine dismantling
Feb 25, 2004, 07:19 (Moscow time) | SEARCH
MOSCOW - The British government has allocated $21.5m for the
dismantling of two Russian nuclear submarines, Britain’s Trade
and Industry official said at a news conference in London.
The financing of the Russian-British project is part of the G8
Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of
Mass Destruction. Two nuclear submarines, which were taken out of
service, will be dismantled. The work started in December 2003,
and it is expected to be completed next autumn.
The dismatelling of the submarines will be carried out at the
Zvoyzdochka plant, which British Trade and Industry Minister
Nigel Griffiths is scheduled to visit on Tuesday.
The G8 Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and
Materials of Mass Destruction was adopted at a G8 summit in June
2002. G8 countries pledged to support a number of joint projects
in Russia aimed at solving the problem of non-proliferation,
disarmament, nuclear security and the fight against terrorism.
Among the priorities are the destruction of chemical weapons and
the dismantling of mothballed nuclear submarines. On July 1,
2002, British Prime Minister Tony Blair said the UK would
allocate up to $750m for the financing of the program over the
next 10 years. In 2004, Britain plans to spend 35m pounds to 40m
pounds on nuclear security projects in the former Soviet
republics.
In May 2003, Russia, Belgium, Britain, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United States and
the European Union signed an agreement on joint efforts to
dismantle mothballed nuclear ships. The State Duma of the Russian
Federation ratified the framework agreement on the nuclear and
environmental program in Russia on September 28. Russia gets
$21.5m for nuclear submarine dismantling
Articles by Ajay Goyal on russiajournal.ru
*****************************************************************
44 U.S. Newswire: DOE Suspends Rulemaking on Proposed Safety Rules
2/23/04 4:32:00 PM
To: National Desk, Energy Reporter
Contact: Joe Davis of the Department of Energy, 202-586-4940
WASHINGTON, Feb. 23 /U.S. Newswire/ -- In a letter to the Defense
Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB), U.S. Energy Secretary
Spencer Abraham announced today that he is suspending rulemaking
on proposed changes to the department's worker safety rules and
requirements. The Department of Energy will also publish a notice
of this action in the Federal Register. Following is the text of
a letter from Secretary Abraham to DNFSB Chairman John Conway:
The Honorable John T. Conway Chairman, Defense Nuclear Facilities
Safety Board Washington, D.C. 20004-7000
Dear Mr. Chairman:
Thank you for meeting with me and Deputy Secretary (Kyle)
McSlarrow, and for your correspondence relating to the
Department's proposed rule on Worker Safety and Health, Title 10
Code of Federal Regulations, Part 851.
As you know, ensuring the safety and health of workers at
Department of Energy sites is a top personal priority for me. In
January of this year, at the Department's Senior Leadership
Summit, I designated 2004 the "Year of Safety," and intend to
continue to communicate the meaning and breadth of this action
through a series of Safety Summits.
I intend that this Department build on an impressive record of
success. As you are aware, the incidences of injury and days lost
as a result of workplace injury have fallen at the DOE for the
third straight year and are now well below the rates experienced
in private industry. Nevertheless, as I have made clear to my
senior managers, we must and will strive to do even better in the
years to come.
I am deeply concerned by the perception expressed by the Board
and others commenting that the approach of the proposed rule may
not be consistent with that goal. Consequently, I have directed
that the current proposed rulemaking be suspended to allow
further consultations with the Board and to consider the concerns
of other interested stakeholders as appropriate.
I have further directed Undersecretary Robert Card and Assistant
Secretary Beverly Cook to work closely with the Board and with my
Office of Security and Safety Performance Assurance to address
the concerns that have been raised. Any final rule will reflect
Congress's direction that the rule "provide a level of protection
for workers at (DOE) facilities that is substantially equivalent
to the level of protection currently provided to such workers at
such facilities." Any final rule will carry out Congress' intent
that civil penalties be added to the tools we have for enforcing
compliance. And any final rule will reflect my policy that safety
standards will not be "written by contractors," but instead will
be subject to the personal approval of more senior Federal
officials than is the case today.
I welcome the opportunity to work closely with the Board on this
important matter.
Sincerely,
Spencer Abraham Secretary of Energy
http://www.usnewswire.com/
*****************************************************************
45 Daily Herald: Radium removal plan almost set
February 24, 2004
By John Johnston Daily Herald Correspondent
Elburn is close to making the water safer without breaking the
bank.
The town expects to finalize and vote on its contract with Water
Remediation Technologies, a company that would remove radium from
the water, by the March 15 board meeting.
The committee of the whole agreed Monday that it would like to
pay for the set up of the filtering equipment, which will cost
the town about $575,000.
By paying up front, the town will get a better rate from WRT on
the filtering, and save the town between $250,000 and $500,000
over the life of the 20-year contract. According to
representatives of WRT and Elburn, the contract is about 90
percent done.
Under the up-front paying plan to install the equipment, the
filtering process will cost $.49 per 1000 gallons cleaned of the
low-level radioactive element.
If the town paid for the process upon delivery of the clean
water, the price would be $.84 per 1000 gallons for the estimated
usage of the year of delivery.
Mayor James Willey said that the water bills are not the only
cost that the committee is trying to keep under control.
Ron Dollar, vice president of marketing for WRT, said his company
would use a process called Z88 that scrubs the radium into a
sand-like compound. Dollar said Z88 removes the radium instead of
sending it to sewage that could be released back into the
environment, which could lead to future cleaning costs. Dollar
said the sand would be shipped to a storage facility in
Washington State.
At about $1.7 million, Z88 costs about a third of the
next-cheapest alternative, ion exchange.
Trustee William Grabarek said Z88 also does not alter the
characteristics of the water, such as taste or salinity, like ion
exchange does. Z88 is considered acceptable by the Illinois
Environmental Protection Agency, which mandated the removal of
radium by December 1, 2005.
The committee said it had the money to pay for the set up costs,
and will not need to take a loan from the IEPA.
"We don't want Elburn to become part of the IEPA's debtors list,
like so many other cities," Trustee Jeffrey Metcalf said.
© 2004 Daily Herald, Paddock
Publications, Inc. Privacy Policy | AP Copyright
*****************************************************************
46 ahimsa sumchai: Hunters Point Transfer controversy Heats Up
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2004 14:50:27 -0800
PARCEL A IS NOT SUITABLE FOR TRANSFER!
"Ensure that no racial, ethnic or socioeconomic group bears a
disproportionate share of environmental consequences resulting from
industrial, municipal, and commercial activities; or from the execution of
federal, state, local programs and policies."
Environmental Protection Agency - Preliminary National Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance Priorities for Fiscal Years 2005, 2006 and 2007
On February 11, 2004 the Department of the Navy released a
controversial document which proposes to resolve problematic issues
surrounding its attempts to transfer Parcel A of the Hunters Point Naval
Shipyard to the City and County of San Francisco for early development. The
principle concerns raised by regulators and members of the public are
driven by the health and safety issues evident in the Navy and the City and
County of San Francisco's aggressive efforts to transfer ownership of
property that is both radiation impacted and adjacent to a toxic landfill
for which a remedy has not been proposed under Federal Superfund laws.
The landfill is producing toxic gases including methane, small
concentrations of carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds. In March
of 2002, despite the detection of dangerous levels of methane gas from the
landfill, the Navy attempted to approve a Finding of Suitability to
Transfer for Parcel A. The Environmental Protection Agency refused to
concur with the Navy's contention that the landfill gas posed no current or
future threat to Parcel A. Additionally, the EPA required the Navy to
obtain clearance from the California Department of Health Services for
re-use of buildings on Parcel A utilized by the Naval Radiological Defense
Laboratories in the post World War II era and found to harbor residual
radiation contamination above background levels.
Parcel A is not suitable for transfer and the Navy continues to
minimize and ignore the fact that nearby Parcel E poses dangerous
"adjacency" issues that will never be resolved without a timeline and plan
for clean up of the most polluted parcel on the base. The proposed
construction of new residential units on toxic property in a low income
ethnic neighborhood screams of environmental injustice and efforts by city
government officials and corporate development interests to repress and
oppress opposition to the civil and human rights violations evident in
their illegal will continue to spawn protest and rebellion.
The Navy has failed to address legitimate concerns raised by
community members, regulators and members of the Restoration Advisory Board
of the shipyard, including myself. The most serious of these matters are as
outlined:
1. The failure of the Navy to clear radiation impacted buildings by EPA
standards. The
standards used by the Navy are those adopted by the California
Department of
Health Services and have been challenged in civil courts and by the
California State
legislature.
2. The Navy was required to complete a document called the Historical
Radiological
Assessment and to conduct surveys to identify potential new sources of
radiation
exposure on the base. As a result of this additional research new
radiation
contaminated buildings were identified on Parcel A including Building
813, Building
819 and sanitary sewer lines associated with Building 819 along Fisher
and Spear
Avenues. Rather than bow to clean up demands by neighborhood and
environmental activists, the Navy has taken the easy way out by
revising the Parcel
A boundaries to exclude these radiation impacted sites to advance the
proposed
transfer of the parcel for early development. In the words of
Secretary England,
eager to put Hunters Point back in civilian hands, "The Navy's
business is not land
management".
3. The failure of the Navy's landfill gas extraction and control system,
instituted as a
time-critical removal action to rapidly remove dangerous levels of
methane gas, to
offer sound assurance that Parcel A is not subject to continued toxic
airborne
emissions from the landfill. The Navy admits that "gas control has
been achieved
primarily by passive venting; however active extraction has been required
occasionally within the vent trench to prevent gas migration" The Navy is
performing regular gas monitoring to verify the performance of the gas
control
system.
Just last month, in January of 2004, the Navy was forced to
perform active
extraction within the vent trench to address elevated methane
concentrations
detected along the fence line adjacent to property owned by UCSF
laboratories.
The Landfill Gas Removal Action is little more than a "bandaid" on
the "gaping
wound" of the Parcel E industrial landfill which is the most serious
source of toxic
emissions at the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard.
*******
Representative Nancy Pelosi had a party last month. She invited her
friends, Senator's Barbara Boxer, Dianne Feinstein and former Mayor Willie
Brown to a ceremony with Secretary of the Navy Gordon England to sign a
Conveyance Implementation Plan to delineate the final terms for cleanup,
revitalization and transfer of ownership of the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard.
She did not invite me. In fact, The "Gang of Five" failed to invite
any representatives from the growing opposition to the proposed transfer of
"dirty" property on a federal Superfund site in a neighborhood where
environmental justice violations have mounted to a level of undeniable
legal potency.
*******
The Redevelopment Plan for the Bayview Hunters Point Redevelopment
Project is an exercise in ethnic cleansing. It will forcibly remove current
low income residents- predominantly people of color- and transform a total
of 936 acres into a new mixed used neighborhood with over 1,400 residential
units.
The "bulldozer" mentality evident in efforts by the city to develope
a parcel of land adjacent to radiation impacted property and a partially
capped toxic landfill, played out in San Francisco City Hall during the
final desperate days of former Mayor Willie Brown whose blazing conflicts
of interest in the shipyard's development have been well documented and may
soon come back to haunt his well deserved retirement.
On December 2, 2003 I attended the hearing of the Redevelopment
Commission on the Approval of the proposed Disposition and Development
Agreement between the SFRA and Lennar Developers for the Shipyard.
I waited graciously at the door of the hearing room and was told
there was no room for seating. I was directed to an overflow room upstairs.
I decided, instead, to wait for seating and within minutes a security gaurd
opened the door and informed me that I had permission to take a seat next
to a man in a blue shirt in the hearing.
That man was Willie Ratcliff and when I entered the hearing room I
was astounded to find that there were a number of vacant seats. When I
attempted to sit down next to Mr. Ratcliff, a very angry man in front of me
refused to remove his belongings from the open seat the uniformed security
gaurd had just directed me to occupy. I removed his items and sat down. An
argument ensued and Mr. Ratcliff came to my defense. Ultimately the angry
man removed his personal property from the public seat in the City
government hearing room and allowed me to sit down.
I listened politely to the presentations and testimony at the public
hearing that was obviously being conducted in violation of Brown Act and
Sunshine Act stipulations that the public be allowed access to government
proceedings. At one point I was astounded to hear a Redevelopment Agency
representative state for public record that an Environmental Impact Report
had been conducted and approved for Parcel A.
I was further astounded to witness a woman enter the hearing and take
one of a number of unoccupied seats. She was forcibly handcuffed, removed
from the hearing room and sited for arrest. I expressed my outrage and left
the hearing and followed the three security gaurds who were attempting to
subdue the woman into a small room adjacent to the Board of Supervisors
main chamber. The woman was physically resisting the arrest and the three
officers were absorbed in their efforts to control her.
The DDA for the Shipyard is a powerful example of a developer
"giveaway" of property that in the words of community activist Kevyn
Lutton, "they have no right to own. Nor does the City itself have a right
to dispose of it for profit. To do so is illegal, and any entity that
supports this current plan is either corrupt or ignorant of the law.
There are many laws and regulations, Federal, state, and City that
are being violated in the actions of the Redevelopment Agency. Some of
these violations included, but are not limited to the Base Realignment and
Closure Act, the Base Closure Community Redevelopment and Homeless
Assistance Act of 1994, and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964."
*****************************************************************
47 Las Vegas SUN: Brian Greenspun: Accidents are inevitable
Where I Stand -- Brian Greenspun: Accidents are inevitable
Brian Greenspun is editor of the Las Vegas Sun.
WE GOT AWAY with another accident. Who noticed?
Rob Schlegel did. So did I, but I put it where I put most
important matters of the day which means I was bound to forget
about it, which I did. Fortunately, Rob jogged my memory.
The story was not a major one, thankfully, because no one got
hurt. The other newspaper devoted less than a handful of inches
in the Sunday edition covering the event and that was about the
only chance the public had to find out about the accident that
closed both sides of Interstate 15.
It was a tanker truck that burned so brightly and so intently
that all traffic stopped on the interstate just south of Sahara
Avenue early Saturday morning. I don't know what it was
carrying, presumably fuel of some kind, but it burned red hot
enough for people blocks away from the site of the accident to
feel the heat.
We can question forever why such an event is no longer
considered the kind of news that television stations and news
channels break into whatever programming is regularly scheduled
to report the accident, but the fact is that we have become
inured to such accidents. To the extent that when they occur
they not only don't make the headlines, they also barely get a
mention. Instead, they are relegated to the back ends of the
newspapers, the part most news readers seem to miss.
So, why am I mentioning this accident, especially since no one
was hurt? For a few reasons. First and foremost, to make sure
everyone understands that accidents still happen. They occur
when they are least expected, when the public is least able to
handle them, and they happen despite our every desire that they
do not!
Secondly, accidents with tanker trucks are not unlike the kind
of accidents that will occur when the federal government starts
shipping high-level nuclear waste from power plants around the
country bound for Yucca Mountain. Even though the government
tells us that accidents will not happen, and that radioactive
plutonium and other deadly waste products will not leak, the
fact remains that they will.
Last week we got lucky. The only thing that happened is that
the main artery into and out of Las Vegas was shut down for a
few hours until the mess could be cleaned up and the freeway
reopened. A fire raged, people were inconvenienced and, after
awhile, life went on.
We read constantly about trucks falling off bridges into
rivers, trains burning out of control in tunnels that were not
built to contain the enormous heat generated by such accidents,
and cars creating miles-long accidents on crowded freeways
because a driver fell asleep or dropped a cellular phone long
enough to lose sight of the road ahead.
So what is it about the people in this country that makes us
believe that just because President George W. Bush says so, that
these accidents, which are as common as a winter cold, will stop
happening? The truth is they won't. No matter who tells us
otherwise.
And, given the overcrowded nature of our highway system, the
chances are better than not that these accidents will get worse,
not better. Think about driving along the freeway next to a
convoy of trucks labeled "high-level radioactive waste, keep
away." What do you think your reaction will be as you try to
inch on by those deadly cargo-carrying behemoths, knowing full
well your lives and those of your passengers hang in the balance
of how well you handle that simple maneuver. Sweaty hands,
anyone?
And don't even get me started on the railway system. To even
think that a train full of deadly nuclear waste won't run off
the rails, just like every other kind of train does, is folly.
As the Bush administration moves full speed ahead in trying to
open Yucca Mountain as soon as possible, and as some
money-hungry leaders in our community push equally as hard for
the mothers and fathers in our state to "accept" their fate and
trade their kids' futures for the promise of a few dollars,
remember that tanker truck that burned the other day right in
our backyard. Remember how the freeway was closed and remember
the heat that neighbors felt from blocks away.
Now, think what that would have been like if it had been a
nuclear waste-laden truck. Think about the deaths that would
have resulted. Think about the economic devastation that would
have occurred when the word spread that Las Vegas was no longer
safe. Think about how much the federal government would care
about us, our families and our tourist industry once the waste
was no longer their problem.
Think. Think. Think.
Think. Think.
*****************************************************************
48 AP Wire: Abraham: Plutonium plant will be completed on time
| 02/24/2004 |
Associated Press
GREENVILLE, S.C. - U.S. Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham says a
10-month delay in construction has not changed the schedule for a
new plutonium plant at the Savannah River Site near Aiken.
Abraham has written the House Armed Services Committee, saying
the plant to convert plutonium from nuclear weapons to a fuel for
commercial nuclear reactors called MOX, will be completed by
2009.
The Energy Department said earlier this month the MOX plant will
be delayed because of a liability dispute over American
contractors working on a similar plant in Russia.
Abraham's letter was required under a bill that states the
federal government must remove plutonium from SRS if the MOX
plant is not built. The law includes fines of up to $100 million
a year if the plutonium is not removed.
Graham said he has talked with Vice President Dick Cheney and
Secretary of State Colin Powell about the dispute.
"We're going to get a deal, it's just a matter of time," Graham
said.
The plan to reprocess plutonium is part of a nuclear disarmament
treaty and Congress wanted MOX programs in the United States and
Russia to work in parallel.
The MOX plant will cost $4 billion and create 500 jobs for 20
years at SRS, according to federal estimates.
Information from: The Greenville News
TheState.com |
*****************************************************************
49 Australian: Protest on proposed N-waste dump
[February 24, 2004]
ABORIGINAL elders will join environmentalists tomorrow to protest
against the Federal Government's plan to build a nuclear waste
dump in South Australia.
The Kupu Piti Kungka Tjuta – senior Aboriginal women of Coober
Pedy, in SA's north – will attend a public forum on safety of the
dump, proposed for a site near Woomera.
The Kupu Piti Kungka Tjuta will join a protest outside the forum
and also make a presentation outlining their opposition to the
dump.
The forum, being held by the Australian Radiation Protection and
Nuclear Safety Agency, will also hear submissions opposing the
dump from South Australian Environment Minister John Hill, the
Australian Democrats and environmental group Friends of the Earth
Australia.
It will also hear submissions from the Local Government
Association of NSW, the Sutherland Shire Council in NSW and the
Australian Nuclear Foundation.
The Federal Government, through its Department of Education,
Science and Training, will address the forum on Thursday.
© The Australian
*****************************************************************
50 Salt Lake Tribune: Matheson urges support against N-testing
February 24, 2004
By Dan Harrie
Rep. Jim Matheson, D-Utah, told Utah lawmakers Monday that
Republicans and Democrats need to unite in opposition to the
resumption of nuclear testing at the Nuclear Test Site in Nevada,
in order to avert a repeat of the deadly fallout from atomic
detonations in the 1950s and 1960s.
"Once again, our Western home is in the path of the federal
government plans involving nuclear weapons that pose serious
health and safety risks," Matheson said in separate appearances
before the Utah House and Senate.
"Any testing of a new type of nuclear weapon at the Nevada
Test Site would once again expose Utahns to the dangers of atomic
fallout," he said. "We've got to speak with one voice on this
issue."
Matheson, Utah's lone Democrat in Congress, blames the death
of his father, former Gov. Scott Matheson, on fallout from atomic
testing.
He said there was no question "Utah families were lied to and
put at risk by the federal government."
Matheson was the only member of the Utah congressional
delegation to vote last year against an energy spending bill that
includes $25 million for work at the Nevada Test Site that would
allow resumption of nuclear testing, nearly $11 million for a
plant to make plutonium triggers for nuclear bombs and $7.5
million for research into so-called "bunker busters" and
"mini-nukes."
Utah Republican Sens. Orrin Hatch and Bob Bennett and Reps.
Chris Cannon and Rob Bishop defended their votes by saying the
spending bill will allow the administration only to study
resumption of nuclear testing.
Matheson said he will this week introduce previously
announced legislation to hold the federal government accountable
for activities that might affect the health and safety of Utahns
and other "downwinders."
Copyright Salt Lake City Tribune
*****************************************************************
51 Tri-City Herald: Nuclear plant changes name
This story was published Tuesday, February 24th, 2004
By the Herald staff
That big nuclear fuel fabrication plant in northern Richland is
now on its third name in the 21st century -- Areva.
The 549-person plant, formerly known as Framatome ANP, recently
switched its name as part of an overhaul in the reorganizing of
its multinational, Paris-based corporate parent.
The Richland plant makes low-enriched nuclear fuel assemblies for
commercial power reactors.
Entering 2001, the plant was Siemens Power Corp., a subsidiary of
Germany-based Siemens AG. That year, Siemens finished a two-year
merger with France-based Framatome Group.
However, Europe-based CEA-Industries, Framatome and Cogema
consolidated in late 2000. Cogema has a small Richland-based
engineering and nondestructive testing subsidiary heavily
involved in Hanford work. That new group came up with "Areva" for
its new name.
Areva is a variation of the name of the Arevalo abbey in northern
Spain. The name was determined to be pleasant sounding and easy
to remember, while being a wordplay on that abbey's reputed
architectural symmetry and strength.
Richland's Framatome ANP plant already has been under the Areva
corporate umbrella. Areva is now phasing in its name to some
subsidiaries, said Catherine Lenox, spokeswoman for the Richland
plant.
Areva employs at least 73,000 people worldwide.
© 2004 Tri-City Herald, Associated Press &Other Wire Services
*****************************************************************
52 Oak Ridger: BWXT Y-12 gets 'prestigious' award
Story last updated at 12:31 p.m. on February 24, 2004
Wiley W. Byers Jr., manager of construction estimating at BWXT
Y-12, has received the Total Cost Management Award of Excellence
from the East Tennessee Section of the Association for the
Advancement of Cost Engineering International.
This award - the AACE East Tennessee Section's most prestigious -
is presented annually for distinguished service to the section,
the profession and the community, according to a news release.
Submitted Bob Briest, left, with the Association for the
Advancement of Cost Engineering East Tennessee Section Board
Member, presents Wiley Byers with an award.
Byers has held several positions in the AACE East Tennessee
Section and is currently on the board of directors as the
regional representative.
Byers holds a bachelor's degree in building construction from the
University of Florida. and is an AACE certified cost consultant.
BWXT Y-12 operates the Y-12 National Security Complex for the
National Nuclear Security Administration.
*****************************************************************
53 Oak Ridger: DOE shelves planned change to safety rules
Story last updated at 11:45 a.m. on February 24, 2004
ENERGY CHIEF: 'And any final rule will reflect my policy that
safety standards will not be written by contractors.'
By: Paul Parson | Oak Ridger Staff paul.parson@oakridger.com
The Department of Energy has suspended a plan that could've
replaced safety requirements at federal nuclear facilities with
standards written by contractors.
When announced earlier this year, DOE's proposed plan met with
opposition from lawmakers, some contractors and the Defense
Nuclear Facilities Safety Board - an independent federal agency
that Congress established in 1988 to provide safety oversight of
the nuclear weapons complex operated by DOE.
"The incidences of injury and days lost as a result of workplace
injury have fallen at the DOE for the third straight year and are
now well below the rates experienced in private industry," Energy
Secretary Spencer Abraham wrote in a letter to John Conway,
chairman of the Defense Nuclear Safety Board.
"Nevertheless, as I have made clear to my senior managers, we
must and will strive to do even better in the years to come,"
Abraham's letter stated. "I am deeply concerned by the perception
expressed by the board and others commenting that the approach of
the proposed rule may not be consistent with that goal."
Upon learning of DOE's proposed rule, U.S. Rep. Ed Markey,
D-Massachusetts, said the decision was "ridiculous."
The congressman said, "We must end the culture of cozy
cooperation between the Energy Department and its private
contractors. This agency must start exercising more vigorous
oversight over its contractors to ensure that they are complying
with tough safety, health and environmental standards."
In his letter to Conway, Abraham stated, "Any final rule will
reflect Congress's direction that the rule 'provide a level of
protection for workers at [DOE] facilities that is substantially
equivalent to the level of protection currently provided to such
workers at such facilities.'
"Any final rule will carry out Congress' intent that civil
penalties be added to the tools we have for enforcing compliance.
And any final rule will reflect my policy that safety standards
will not be written by contractors, but instead will be subject
to the personal approval of more senior federal officials than is
the case today."
Given DOE's latest decision of the safety rules, Louis Clark,
president of the Government Accountability Project, said it's
time to bring the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to the table to regulate
worker safety at most of the Energy Department's facilities.
"The lesson we have learned from DOE's efforts to draft
enforceable safety rules is that DOE cannot be trusted to draft
its own rules for self-regulation of worker health and safety,"
said Clark, whose organization serves as a watchdog group and is
a leading whistleblower organization.
Officials with UT-Battelle, which manages Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, have told The Oak Ridger that the company prefers one
set of rules - based on OSHA guidelines - for all contractors.
*****************************************************************
54 Oak Ridger: Another View: Government contractors must pay their taxes
Story last updated at 12:14 p.m. on February 24, 2004
(Binghamton, N.Y.) Press and Sun-Bulletin, Feb. 13
We've all heard horror stories about government contractors
overcharging. There was the $127 washer that could have been
purchased for $10.50. And there was the recent $6.3 million check
Halliburton wrote the Army Materiel Command to reimburse it for a
suspected overcharge for services provided in Iraq.
Now auditors for the General Accounting Office have noted a
disturbing trend of underpaying by some contractors. The GAO
found that a total of $3 billion in taxes was owed by more than
27,000 contractors in the budget year that ended Sept. 30, 2002.
The agency claims that if the Pentagon had pursued these
contractors, it should have been able to collect at least $100
million in 2002.
Most of the contractors involved are small businesses that failed
to send the IRS taxes withheld from employee paychecks, the GAO
reported. Nonetheless, this is the sort of housekeeping that must
be maintained or else fiscal chaos will ensue. With the amount of
overcharging some of these contractors have gotten away with in
the past, you can see they're expecting to slip under the radar
of a government choking on its own bureaucracy.
*****************************************************************
55 Oak Ridger: Boyd's crystal ball: Oak Ridge is a good place to be
Story last updated at 12:14 p.m. on February 24, 2004
By: Dick Smyser | Editor's License
The Strategic Plan of the Office of Science of the U.S.
Department of Energy, issued earlier this month, lists seven
research priorities. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is poised to
contribute to six of them, says Gerald Boyd, manager of DOE's Oak
Ridge Operations office.
Furthermore, Boyd says, Raymond L. Orbach, head of that Office of
Science, now speaks of ORNL as the world center for yet another
priority, neutron science, this in anticipation of completion of
the Spallation Neutron Source. The SNS will bring an estimated
3,000 scientists annually to ORNL for experiments at this newest
ORNL "user facility."
But that's only a smattering of the upbeat news that Boyd brought
to Friends of ORNL at their monthly luncheon forum Wednesday of
last week at the University of Tennessee conference facility at
the Turnpike and Rutgers Avenue. His presentation was reminiscent
of the "crystal ball" speeches given by S.R. (Sam) Sapirie,
manager from 1951 to 1972 of these same Oak Ridge Operations for
the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, predecessor agency to the DOE.
Virtually always Sapirie saw good things ahead. He actually had a
large crystal ball on his office desk and would pose with it for
a picture in advance of his looking ahead speech. Never in my
memory, however, did Sapirie see as many positive prospects as
did Boyd in his talk last week.
***
Environmental cleanup, current and future budgets, historical
preservation, safety in the workplace, community support and,
maybe most upbeat of all, ORNL's place and prestige in DOE
research for the next 20 to 30 years: Boyd, who also said how
pleased he and his family are to be Oak Ridge residents, was
optimistic about them all.
The six of seven DOE research priorities for which Oak Ridge is
poised to play a major role, Boyd said, are: fusion energy,
advanced scientific computing, nanoscale science for new
materials and processes, biology - the next revolution for
genomics, high energy physics and the conception and creation of
the facilities to make these areas of research possible.
These priorities were conceived in large measure by Alvin
Trivelpiece, director of ORNL under its previous operating
contractor, Lockheed Martin, Boyd reminded his FORNL audience,
many of whom were members of the ORNL staff under Trivelpiece.
Significant elements of the new facilities of which the strategic
plan speaks are already built, under construction or in the
planning stage here, like the Joint Institute for Biological
Science to be constructed at ORNL by the State of Tennessee. Of
four other additional biology laboratories anticipated to be
built, at least one is highly likely to come to ORNL, Boyd said.
Of those 3,000 scientists coming to ORNL each year to "use" the
SNS, Boyd said he will be eager to survey them to learn what it
is that motivates them to come here to "catch" and use the
neutrons that the SNS, the world's largest new scientific
apparatus, will produce.
Other upbeat "sightings" by Boyd:
Cleanup: All "legacy waste" will be off site - out of Tennessee -
by 2005; Melton Valley will be cleaned up by 2006; East Tennessee
Technology Park, the former Oak Ridge K-25 site, will be cleaned
up by 2008; all transuranic waste is already out of the state.
Historic Preservation: The DOE is committed to maintenance of the
American Museum of Science and Energy - perhaps renamed the
Manhattan Project Museum - and also to preservation concepts for
K-25, the original gaseous diffusion unit, the historic calutron,
isotope production facilities at Y-12 and of course the historic
Graphite Reactor at ORNL. The National Park Service, Boyd said,
could play a role in future Manhattan Project preservation.
Budgets: Oak Ridge Operations expect about a 4 percent increase
this year and while there may be reductions in future budgets as
clean up projects scale down, there are prospects for new
projects that would compensate. Funds for Oak Ridge currently
make up 12 percent of DOE's science budget.
Land use: While DOE only recently deeded a tract west of
Wisconsin Avenue for wildlife preservation, citizens should not
expect future similar large land transfers. But the good news is
that DOE covets what land is still available for sites for future
projects, land availability being one of Oak Ridge's primary
assets.
Safety: The $1.4 billion SNS construction site, Boyd said, has
completed 2 million man hours without a lost time workplace
accident.
Community, area support: No other DOE location gets the level of
support that DOE gets from the city government and citizens of
Oak Ridge. And, all of the major conditions that prompted the
selection of Oak Ridge as a Manhattan Project site in 1942 during
World War II exist still today - principally an available
electric supply and a good area labor pool. (The SNS alone, Boyd
said, will get an annual $10 million electric bill from the
Tennessee Valley Authority.)
***
As recently as a few years ago, Boyd said, the outlook for ORNL
was not good. Circumstances, however, have turned around
dramatically and ORNL is now, in his eyes and the eyes of many
others in the scientific world, the premiere national laboratory.
Oak Ridge, the local DOE chief said, has welcomed him, his wife
and their two daughters and has given him "every opportunity to
manage our programs. It is important to me to be involved and
connected to the community"-- including efforts to upgrade Oak
Ridge High School.
"Oak Ridge," Boyd said of his look at its future, "is a good
place to be." - RDS
*****************************************************************
56 DBJ: Flats workers look ahead to the end
- 2004-02-23 - The Denver Business Journal
EXCLUSIVE REPORTS From the February 20, 2004 print edition
Cathy Proctor Denver Business Journal
When Rocky Flats, the former nuclear weapons manufacturing plant
along Colorado 93 northwest of Denver, closes for good in
December 2006, all of its 4,000 workers will be gone -- and so
will a payroll estimated to have a $1.5 billion economic impact
on the Denver area each year.
Every person working to clean up the radiation-tainted buildings
and ground at the 6,000-acre site knows the end is looming.
For about 900 workers laid off in 2003, it's already over. And
another 1,000 layoffs are expected this year.
It's a Catch-22 situation for Kaiser-Hill Co. LLC, the company
under a $7 billion contract to clean up the site.
Workers unsure of how long their jobs will last can be tempted to
jump off the sinking ship now. Yet those same workers are needed
at Rocky Flats if the job is to be finished in 2006, as
Kaiser-Hill has pledged to do in its contracts with the U.S.
Department of Eneergy. Cleanup started in 1995.
To keep the workers in place -- yet prepare them for life after
"the Flats," as workers call the complex -- Kaiser-Hill is
spending between $5 million and $7 million on a multipronged
Career Transition Center and job placement services. Employees of
Kaiser-Hill and most of its subcontractors are eligible for these
services.
"It's a very delicate balance," said Len Martinez, Kaiser-Hill's
vice president, director of administration and CFO. "We're
balancing between finding opportunities and keeping people on
site to finish the job."
Martinez has touted Rocky Flats' work force and its skills in
more than 60 meetings with local chambers of commerce, business
people and companies thinking about moving to Denver.
Kaiser-Hill has built a Web site, www.khecareer.com, to connect
Rocky Flats workers and potential employers by posting jobs and
résumés online. It has held job fairs and partnered with everyone
from community colleges to the Colorado Institute of Technology
to create retraining programs.
The career center holds classes on everything from doing online
job searches to creating résumés to starting a business.
The classes emphasize talking to family members about the pending
layoff and to include them in plans for the future. The company
even ran a full-page advertisement describing specific workers'
skills, a move that led to several job offers, Martinez said.
Kaiser-Hill also has partnered with the Small Business
Administration to help the more than 100 small businesses that
contract with Rocky Flats survive the closure, something that's
never been done before, Martinez said.
He views the job-placement efforts as one of Kaiser-Hill's two
legacies from the cleanup project -- the other being the
environmental improvement of the site.
"This is the work force that won the Cold War, never missed a
production deadline and is now cleaning up the site faster than
we ever thought they would," Martinez said.
Workers' professions include engineers, accountants, security
officers, electricians, machinists, laboratory technicians,
painters and plumbers.
Many Rocky Flats workers could be attractive to the life sciences
industry because they're experienced in working with laboratory
procedures and dealing with hazardous materials.
"You name it and we've got it," Martinez said. "Because in the
production days, those are the people who were needed out here to
do the work," Martinez said.
"They don't only want their legacy to be the cleanup of a nuclear
weapons site, they want their legacy to be every person got a job
-- and they've left no stone unturned," said Tom Clark, executive
vice president of the Denver Metro Chamber of Commerce and head
of its economic development arm. "Our hope is that we can retain
many of those people; it is an incredibly skilled work force."
The career center is also a smart business move.
At companies that have faced similar situations -- a change in
business environment and massive layoffs -- but decided to cut
corners with job placement services, "it wasn't pretty," said
Kristi Nygaard, managing director of the Rocky Flats Career
Transition Center and an employee with Spherion, the
Florida-based human resources company hired to run the Rocky
Flats outplacement effort.
"For the people who were left behind after the layoffs, if you
were among the last 20 electricians, you thought all the others
got the jobs," Nygaard said. "People started bailing out ahead of
time and left managers without the people to do the work.
Workers' compensation, sick days and workplace violence went up
because there's no one there to handle the emotional side of
things."
Behind the scenes and off the work site, family tensions
increased, along with divorce rates, calls to employee assistance
programs and even reports of child abuse, she said.
While tensions among workers are high at Rocky Flats, the
transition program has classes and one-on-one counseling sessions
available to talk about emotions, she said.
Workers say they're using the career center to plan their next
moves -- some even going on job interviews -- while continuing to
clean up Rocky Flats.
Joe Martinez, 48, started working at Rocky Flats 15 years ago and
went to the career center about three months ago with a friend to
check things out. A member of the steelworkers union, and a
maintenance pipe fitter and plumber by trade, he does demolition
inside the Rocky Flats buildings.
"We started seeing people getting layoff notices and the reality
comes," Joe Martinez said. "We just wanted to start on our résumé
and find out what was out there. I'm thinking this will be my
last year at Rocky Flats."
After crafting his résumé and attending job fairs, Joe Martinez
said he's now in a "limbo" stage -- prepared for his layoff
notice but not planning to jump ahead of time because the longer
he stays, the better his benefits become.
"I haven't looked for a job for 15 years, and I personally feel
like I'm better prepared than I was before I went to the center,"
he said.
Daryl Dubrovin, a member of Rocky Flat's security force for 20
years, said he's also prepared to leave, but in no hurry to rush
out the door.
"I expect to be here for a while," he said. "But I like to take
advantage of things while they're here."
Dubrovin, 44, who has been to job interviews and received a
part-time job offer, said he's glad the center helped him build a
professional résumé that can be easily updated -- and helped him
figure out how to find a job in the computer age.
"I haven't looked for a job in 20 years," said Dubrovin, who
started visiting the center about six months ago. "It's not
looking at classified ads and calling people. It's a computer and
the networks and the links. I'm laying the groundwork for a job
search."
While Joe Martinez and Dubrovin are prepared to leave, but
waiting for their notice, Kelly Hogue, 34, already knows her last
day will come in September.
Hogue, who works in Kaiser-Hill's planning office on budgets and
schedules, used the career center to set up her own business
importing ethnic household furnishings such as wood carvings and
masks. A printer who agreed to cut prices for Kaiser-Hill
employees going through the entrepreneurial program has created a
business card and fliers for the fledgling company.
She chose the independent route after deciding she wanted to work
for herself.
Many employees are taking the opportunity to entirely change
careers, Nygaard said.
But the biggest challenge facing Kaiser-Hill's management is
getting employees to the center.
Many employees still have the mindset that because they've
survived this long at Rocky Flats, they'll be among the last
employees left in December 2006, Len Martinez said.
"There's a lot of people in denial, a lot of people waiting for
something more definitive -- like a layoff notice," Joe Martinez
said, adding that some managers are taking the initiative and
sending workers to the career center for classes.
It's also going to be hard to place the workers in the Denver job
market -- something that's leading about 50 percent of workers to
decide to leave the metro area, according to job counselors and
Kaiser-Hill.
The average age of Rocky Flats workers is 47 and the average
salary is $55,000.
"This is a game of onesies and twosies," Len Martinez said. "We
thought it would be great to place 25 to 50 workers with
companies, but that's not happening."
/© 2004 American City Business Journals Inc./
*****************************************************************
57 Google News Alert - nuclear
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2004 13:34:37 -0800 (PST)
AUSTRALIA backs US as world's nuclear sheriff
Sydney Morning Herald - Sydney,New South Wales,Australia
Australia has aligned itself more strongly with the United States on nuclear
proliferation, declaring that the superpower should be free to act without
the ...
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REPORT: Israel has 82 nuclear warheads
Jerusalem Post - Jerusalem,Israel
Israel has 82 nuclear warheads, according to a report published Monday
in the US. Previous estimates by foreign agencies puts the ...
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MALAYSIA Opposition Seeks Nuclear Probe
Kansas City Star - Kansas City,MO,USA
KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia - Opposition parties Monday demanded a parliamentary
inquiry into a Malaysian company's role in making nuclear parts for Libya,
saying a ...
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US ready to soften stand on nuclear crisis: South Korea
Hindustan Times - New Delhi,India
The United States may be ready to soften its stand and offer concessions
to North Korea in return for a nuclear freeze at upcoming six-nation talks
in Beijing ...
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NUCLEAR devices kept apart to allay US concerns: Benazir
Pakistani Newspaper - Pakistan
... Feb 23: PPP leader Benazir Bhutto today conceded that under US pressure
she asked the army and the President during her regime not to assemble
a nuclear bomb. ...
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IRAN reveals nuclear secret
ABC Online - Australia
TONY JONES: The Iranian Government today confirmed what many had long suspected
- that they have been actively trying to build nuclear weapons. ...
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GLOSSY brochures helped Khan sell nuclear secrets
Sydney Morning Herald - Sydney,New South Wales,Australia
While Western intelligence policed the world to stop the spread of nuclear
weapons, a Pakistani company that specialised in enriching uranium was
offering its ...
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VAJPAYEE stresses on checking secret nuclear tech. proliferation
Deepika - India
... Bihari Vajpayee today said he was hopeful that the United Nations would
make the necessary arrangements to check theft and subsequent proliferation
of nuclear ...
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NUCLEAR Power Debate is Far From Over
AllAfrica.com - Africa
THE debate over the storage and disposal of nuclear waste has been going
on for more than 25 years, ever since the first major nuclear accident
at Three Mile ...
NEW book claims Israel possesses 82 nuclear warheads
Ha'aretz - Israel
A book recently published in the US claims Israel has 82 nuclear warheads,
a figure which is substantially lower than previous figures published
in the past ...
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58 Google News Alert - nuclear
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2004 12:24:20 -0800 (PST)
NUCLEAR Talks Resume Amid Guarded Optimism
Radio Free Europe - Prague,Czech Republic
Six-party talks aimed at resolving the standoff over North Korea's nuclear
program are due to get under way in Beijing tomorrow. ...
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IRAN Failed to Declare Sensitive Nuclear Technology, says IAEA
Voice of America - USA
An International Atomic Energy Agency report says its inspectors have uncovered
highly sensitive nuclear technology in Iran that was not included in the
...
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ENERGY Dept. Shifts on Nuclear Plant Rule
New York Times - New York,NY,USA
... 23 — The Energy Department said Monday that it was suspending its
proposal to have the contractors who run nuclear weapons plants take charge
of planning for ...
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NUCLEAR substance found in Iran
BBC News - London,England,UK
International inspectors have found that Iran has produced and experimented
with polonium, a radioactive element that can help trigger a nuclear blast.
...
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SIX parties support solving Korean nuclear issue via dialogue: ...
Xinhua - China
24 (Xinhuanet) -- All the six parties involved in talks on the Korean nuclear
issue have agreed to solve the issue peacefully through dialogue with
the hope of ...
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CHRONOLOGY of key events in nuclear issue on Korean Peninsula
People's Daily - China
The following is a chronology of key events in the nuclear issue on the
Korean Peninsula since 1992. May. 25 A delegation of the ...
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NUCLEAR watchdog to aid Libyan energy program
ABC Online - Australia
UN nuclear watchdog chief Mohamed El Baradei has said his agency is ready
to help Libya develop its peaceful uses of nuclear energy. ...
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FEDERAL Government Relaxes Nuclear Inspection Rules
Ohio News Network - Columbus,OH,USA
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission says it's relaxing visual inspection
requirements at the nation's nuclear power plants. The move ...
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PAKISTANI nuclear scientists' detention to be challenged in top ...
Radio Australia - Australia
Lawyers representing six detained Pakistani nuclear scientists and officials
say they will appeal to the supreme court after applications for their
release ...
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INDIA need not be apologetic on nuclear management: Jaswant
Deepika - India
Jaipur, Feb 24 (UNI) Claiming India had better nuclear safety and security
records than some of the P-5 countries, Union Finance Minister Jaswant
Singh today ...
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59 Bellona: Report: World fuel cell markets on the rise
A report recently appearing in the British periodical Materials
Technology Publications indicated the market in fuel cell sales
is booming and that the American Auto-making giant, General
Motors, expects mass production of fuel cell vehicles by 2010.
A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, or PEMFC, produced
by Ballard.
Bellona Archive
Bent Isak Ramberg Oksvold, 2004-02-23 16:50
The 232 page report, entitled “The Fuel Cells Industry Worldwide:
A Market / Technology Report”, presents the current status and
potential markets for each of the myriad fuel cell types
currently available. The report analyses current barriers to
commercialisation of fuel cells and assesses the potential
implications of their technical development.
The potential uses for fuel cells are included in the
report—including automotive and transportation. General Motors
states in the report that it believes environmentally friendly ()
fuel cell-powered automobiles will be mass-produced by 2010.
Fuel cell vehicles by 2010 “GM confirms what we have expected due
to the recent technological developments in the industry,” said
the Bellona Foundation’s president, Frederic Hauge.
"But it is still important for industries and governments to
understand that present hydrogen technology can be implemented
right now, given the proper framework conditions. Bellona’s own
vehicles, retrofitted from gasoline to hydrogen, have a range of
100 to 120 km depending on the driving style. Most fleet vehicles
do not run more than this on an every-day basis.”
Hauge added that it is important for society to be able to
integrate the hydrogen fuel cell technology from 2010 on ward,
and that this “calls for efforts on breaking down the
non-technological barriers of today—through our own work, we have
identified a number of such barriers.”
The main of these barriers, said Hauge, are connected to the
public perception of having explosive compounds, such as
pressurized hydrogen, in one’s car. But Hauge also noted that
hydrogen poses no more danger than does standard gasoline.
“The earlier society introduces hydrogen vehicles and hydrogen as
an energy carrier, the earlier you build competence, trust and
acceptance towards this technology,” said Hauge.”
“These efforts will significantly increase the chances of
adopting the fuel cell vehicles by 2010, and hereby contributing
to the preservation of the environment and human health.”
Report findings The report highlights the state of fuel cell
commercialisation for a number of applications, and discusses key
growth areas. Some of its key findings include:
• That the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is by
far the most popular fuel cell type currently under development,
with about 80 companies worldwide developing PEMFCs, mainly for
stationary and automotive applications. The US market for PEMFC
stacks is estimated to be about $150 million, and this will rise
to nearly $500 million by 2009;
• Ballard dominates in fuel cells for automobiles, having inked a
supply agreement with DaimlerChrysler, Ford, Honda and Nissan.
Among the major automobile producers, only Toyota and Honda are
producing their own fuel cells. General Motors believes that fuel
cell-powered automobiles will be mass-produced by 2010;
• Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) costs are currently about
$5000/kW, with a target for mass commercial applications set at
$1000/kW. Current thinking is that MCFCs of up to 500 kW will be
uneconomical, but cells of between a few MWs and a few hundred
MWs are likely to be commercialised in five to eight years;
• The global market for SOFCs is currently estimated at $123
million, of which the North American market is thought to account
for at least $67 million. Applications for SOFCs, which include
on-site power systems, transportation and utility supplies, are
predicted to total $360 million worldwide by 2005;
• Casio, Hitachi, Motorola, NEC, Smart Fuel Cell and Toshiba are
developing methanol powered DMFCs for laptop computers.
Integrated systems are expected to be commercialised by 2005;
The report lists more than 500 fuel cell companies worldwide,
providing information on the fuel cell systems, components and
materials that they supply or are currently developing. Research
organisations are also listed.
The report contains full contact information is provided,
including postal address, telephone and fax numbers, website
address and the names of key personnel. The report also provides
information on key international research programmes funded by
government initiatives and commercial consortia.
See and http://www.lbst.de/gm-wtw/ for more information.
Publisher: , President: Information: , Technical contact:
Telephone: +47 23 23 46 00 Telefax: +47 22 38 38 62 * P.O.Box
2141 Grunerlokka, 0505 Oslo, Norway
*****************************************************************
NOTE: In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107 this
material is distributed without profit or payment to those who
have expressed a prior interest in receiving this information for
non-profit research and educational purposes only. For more
information go to:
*****************************************************************