Subject: Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products:
[Federal Register: September 3, 2002 (Volume 67, Number 170)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Page 56232-56244]
>From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr03se02-13]
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Proposed Rules
Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of
the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these
notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in
the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.
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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
10 CFR Part 430
[Docket No. EE-RM/TP-99-500]
RIN 1904-AB04
Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedure
for Dishwashers
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking and public hearing.
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SUMMARY: The Department of Energy (We, DOE, or the Department) will
hold a public hearing to discuss and receive comments on DOE's proposal
to amend its test procedure for residential dishwashers. The proposal
adds new definitions for non soil-sensing dishwashers, soil-sensing
dishwashers, and standby power. It introduces a new test procedure for
soil-sensing dishwashers, proposes to require that the measurement of
standby power consumption be included in the estimated annual energy
use and estimated annual operating cost calculations for dishwashers,
and adds new specifications for instrumentation requirements. It also
revises the value of one of the parameters used for calculating the
estimated annual operating cost, that is, the representative average
dishwasher use, based on new survey data on consumer practices.
DATES: The Department will hold a public hearing on Tuesday, October
22, 2002, at 9 a.m., in Washington, DC. Requests to speak at the
hearing must be received by the Department no later than 4 p.m.,
October 8, 2002. A computer diskette or CD (WordPerfect \TM\ 8) of
statements to be given at the public hearing must be received by the
Department no later than 4 p.m., October 8, 2002.
The Department will accept comments, data, and information
regarding the proposed rule before or after the public hearing, but no
later than November 18, 2002.
ADDRESSES:
Submission of Comments
The Department will accept comments, data, and information
regarding the proposed rule before or after the public hearing, but no
later than the date provided in the DATES section. All written comments
should be addressed to Ms. Brenda Edwards-Jones, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, EE-41, 1000
Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC, 20585-0121. DOE requests a
signed original and a computer diskette or CD (WordPerfect \TM\ 8) of
the written comments. DOE will also accept electronically-mailed
comments, e-mailed to Brenda.Edwards-Jones@ee.doe.gov, but you must
also provide the Department with a signed hard copy of your comments.
All envelopes and documents should be labeled, ``Energy Conservation
Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Dishwashers, Docket
No. EE-RM/TP-99-500.''
Requests to make statements at the public hearing and copies of
such statements should be addressed to Ms. Brenda Edwards-Jones at the
following address: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, EE-41, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW,
Washington, DC 20585-0121. E-mail address: Brenda.Edwards-
Jones@ee.doe.gov. The hearing will begin at 9 a.m. on Tuesday, October
22, 2002, in Room IE-245 at the U.S. Department of Energy, Forrestal
Building, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20585. For more
information concerning public participation in this rulemaking
proceeding, see section IV, ``Public Comment,'' of this notice of
proposed rulemaking.
Copies of the transcript of the public hearing, public comments
received, and this notice of proposed rulemaking may be read at the
Freedom of Information Reading Room (Room 1E-190) at the U.S.
Department of Energy, Forrestal Building, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW,
Washington, DC 20585, between the hours of 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday
through Friday, except Federal holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Barbara Twigg, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, EE-41, 1000
Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121, (202) 586-8714,
email: barbara.twigg@ee.doe.gov; or Francine Pinto, Esq., U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of General Counsel, GC-72, 1000
Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121, (202) 586-7432,
email: Francine.Pinto@HQMail.doe.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This notice of proposed rulemaking
incorporates by reference the ``American National Standard, Household
Electric Dishwashers, ANSI/AHAM DW-1-1992,'' and the August 20, 1999
``Addendum to Appendix A of AHAM DW-1-1992'' published by the
Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM). Copies of the
standards to be incorporated by reference may be viewed at the
Department of Energy's Freedom of Information Reading Room at the
address stated above. You may also obtain copies of the referenced
standard AHAM DW-1-1992, along with the 1999 Addendum, from the
Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers, 1111 19th Street, NW,
Suite 402, Washington, DC 20036, (202) 872-5955.
Information regarding this rulemaking is also available on the
Office of Building Research and Standards Web site at the following
address: http://www.eren.doe.gov/buildings/codes_standards/index.htm
I. Introduction
A. Authority
B. Background
C. The Proposed Rule
II. Discussion
A. General Discussion
B. Changes in Consumer Practices--Representative Average
Dishwasher Use
C. New Definitions
D. New Test Procedure for Soil-sensing Dishwashers
E. New Test Procedure for Standby Power
F. Instrumentation Requirements
G. Impact of Test Procedure Revisions
H. Representation Requirements
III. Procedural Requirements
A. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
B. Review Under Executive Order 12866, ``Regulatory Planning and
Review''
C. Review Under Executive Order 13211, ``Action Concerning
Regulations that
[[Page 56233]]
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use''
D. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism''
F. Review Under Executive Order 12630, ``Governmental Actions
and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property Rights''
G. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act
H. Review Under Executive Order 12988, ``Civil Justice Reform''
I. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
J. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
K. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
IV. Public Comment
A. Attendance at Public Hearing
B. Procedure for Submitting Requests to Speak
C. Conduct of Hearing
D. Issues on Which Comments are Requested
I. Introduction
A. Authority
Part B of Title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of
1975 (EPCA or Act), Public Law 94-163, as amended by the National
Energy Conservation Policy Act of 1978 (NECPA), Public Law 95-619, the
National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (NAECA), Public Law
100-12, the National Appliance Energy Conservation Amendments of 1988
(NAECA 1988), Public Law 100-357, and the Energy Policy Act of 1992
(EPACT), Public Law 102-486, established the Energy Conservation
Program for Consumer Products Other Than Automobiles (Program). The
products currently subject to this Program (``covered products'')
include residential dishwashers, the subject of today's notice.
Under the Act, the Program consists of three parts: testing,
labeling, and the Federal energy conservation standards. Section 323 of
EPCA requires the Department, in consultation with the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to establish or amend
test procedures as appropriate for each of the covered products (42
U.S.C. 6293). The purpose of the test procedures is to measure energy
efficiency, energy use, or estimated annual operating cost of a covered
product during a representative average use cycle or period of use. The
test procedure must not be unduly burdensome to conduct (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(3)).
If a test procedure is amended, section 323(e)(1) of EPCA requires
DOE to determine, in the rulemaking, to what extent, if any, the new
test procedure would change the measured energy efficiency or measured
energy use of any covered product as determined under the existing test
procedure (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(1)). If DOE determines that the amended
test procedure would change the measured energy efficiency or measured
energy use of a covered product, DOE must amend the applicable energy
conservation standard during the rulemaking that establishes the new
test procedure. In setting the new energy conservation standard,
section 323(e)(2) of EPCA requires DOE, with the new test procedure, to
measure the energy efficiency or energy use of a representative sample
of covered products that minimally comply with the existing standard.
The average of such energy efficiency or energy use of these
representative samples, determined under the new test procedure, shall
constitute the amended energy conservation standard for the applicable
covered products (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2)). Further, models of covered
products in use the day before the new energy conservation standard
becomes effective (or revisions of such models that come into use after
such date and have the same energy efficiency or energy use
characteristics) and which comply with the energy conservation standard
applicable to such covered products on the day before the new standard
becomes effective, shall be deemed to comply with the new energy
conservation standard (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(3)).
Beginning 180 days after an amended or new test procedure for a
covered product is prescribed or established under EPCA section 323(b),
no manufacturer, distributor, retailer, or private labeler may make any
representation with respect to the energy use, efficiency, or cost of
energy consumed by such product, unless such product has been tested in
accordance with such amended or new DOE test procedure and such
representation fairly discloses the results of such testing (42 U.S.C.
6293(c)(2)).
B. Background
On December 18, 2001, the Department published a final rule for
dishwashers that amended certain elements of the then-effective test
procedure; the rule was made effective June 17, 2002 (66 FR 65091)
(hereafter referred to as the ``2001 final rule''). The 2001 final rule
changed the definitions of compact and standard dishwasher models to
use place setting capacity instead of width, reduced the representative
average number of use cycles per year from 322 to 264, and tightened
testing specifications to improve testing repeatability. Although a new
test procedure for soil-sensing dishwashers had been proposed in the
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) published on September 28, 1999
(64 FR 52248), the 2001 final rule deferred action on finalizing a test
procedure for soil-sensing or adaptive control models until additional
research could be conducted in three areas. They were to: (1) Evaluate
consumer behavior regarding the soil levels of typical dishwasher
loads; (2) assess how consumer behavior concerning loading and rinsing
could be translated into a representative soil load that could be used
for repeatable and accurate testing; and (3) determine what kind of
test procedure would best measure the energy and water consumption of
dishwashers using a variety of soil-sensing technologies. Investigating
and analyzing additional survey sources to update how often dishwashers
are used was an additional goal.
Because the Department had learned that various research projects
and surveys had already been conducted by manufacturers and others, we
began an initiative to consolidate available information and determine
whether such data were nationally significant and could be used to
support the development of a new test procedure. However, because much
of this information was considered proprietary by individual companies
and entities and not publicly available, we hired an independent
research organization, Arthur D. Little, Inc. (ADL), to collect all
available surveys and studies and evaluate them for us. ADL (ADL's
Technology & Innovation Business is now known as TIAX) focused its
research effort on the questions listed above, and presented its final
report to DOE on December 18, 2001, entitled ``Review of Survey Data to
Support Revisions to DOE's Dishwasher Test Procedure'' (hereafter
referred to as the ADL report). The report concluded that there was
adequate, nationally significant information regarding consumer loading
and pre-rinsing behavior, and presented recommendations regarding how a
soil-based test procedure could be developed, using the existing
consumer behavior data. On December 19, 2001, DOE posted the ADL report
on the DOE Buildings Research and Standards website, along with a brief
presentation of the type of soil test being considered for soil-sensing
models. In the following weeks, we evaluated additional information and
comments that we received as a result of our website
[[Page 56234]]
posting. ADL was directed to provide some additional detail on its
analysis and on March 5, 2002, produced an addendum to the original
report (hereafter referred to as the addendum). In formulating proposed
revisions to the dishwasher test procedure, the Department has
incorporated ADL's and stakeholder recommendations where appropriate.
Both the ADL report and the addendum, which are the primary technical
support documents for this rulemaking, have been placed in the docket
and administrative record for this rulemaking.
C. The Proposed Rule
Today's proposed rule contains several major revisions to the
current dishwasher test procedure. Section II contains discussion
concerning each of the proposed revisions. The major revisions are as
follows:
1. Update the test procedure to reflect the decline in dishwasher
use by reducing the representative average dishwasher use from 264
cycles per year to 215 cycles per year, based on more recent survey
results.
2. Add new definitions:
Non soil-sensing dishwashers
Soil-sensing dishwashers
Standby mode
Sensor Heavy Cycle
Sensor Light Cycle
Sensor Medium Cycle
Truncated Sensor Heavy Cycle
Truncated Sensor Light Cycle
Truncated Sensor Medium Cycle
3. Create a separate section in the test procedure for soil-sensing
dishwashers, adopting a three-level soil test based on the American
National Standard, Household Electric Dishwashers, ANSI/AHAM DW-1-1992
and the August 20, 1999 Addendum to Appendix A of AHAM DW-1-1992,
collectively referred to in this notice as AHAM DW-1.
4. Require the measurement of the standby power consumption for
both non soil-sensing and soil-sensing models, and incorporate this
value in calculations for the estimated annual energy use and estimated
annual energy cost. Add new instrumentation requirements and update
existing requirements.
5. Require that both current and future soil-sensing models be
tested using the soil-based test procedure.
II. Discussion
A. General Discussion
As appliance technology evolves, the Department must make sure that
the applicable test procedures keep pace and provide reliable measures
of energy consumption. In the case of dishwashers, the introduction of
soil-sensing models, which adjust the duration and number of fills of a
wash cycle according to the amount of soil in the dish load, challenged
the structure of the existing test procedure. That test procedure,
which uses only clean dishes, was developed at a time when the thermal
mass of the dish load and the cycle type were the only factors that
influenced the energy consumption results of the test. However, with
the introduction of soil-sensing machines, the clean test load no
longer served to test the machines accurately because soil-sensing
machines used more energy if soiled dishes were used than if clean
dishes were used. The questions arose: How could soil-sensing machines
be accurately tested? How could a ``normal'' cycle be defined?
DOE's first attempt at designing a more accurate test procedure
focused on developing a formula to weight and average the highest and
lowest levels of energy consumption that a soil-sensing dishwasher was
capable of providing using the minimum and maximum sensor normal
cycles, but without requiring that soiled dishes be used when testing
the machines (presented in the September 28, 1999 NOPR). This possible
test procedure, however, proved problematic in a number of ways, and
discussion gradually moved toward the necessity of having a soil-based
test, whereby the soil sensor would set the cycle based on a more
realistic representation of consumer use. But a test procedure that
actually used soiled dishes presented the difficult questions of how
many soiled dishes should be used in the test and to what degree should
the dishes be soiled? What kind of test load could represent the
typical load of soiled dishes being placed into soil-sensing
dishwashers by American consumers?
To determine the nature of this soil load, the Department
contracted with ADL to evaluate available survey and technical
information. Much of that information is proprietary and confidential,
and was reported by ADL to the Department only in summary or aggregated
form.\1\ As a result, and while ADL's report to DOE will be fully
disclosed and will be a part of the public administrative record for
this NOPR, DOE neither has possession of nor has any ability to
identify in this NOPR the particular proprietary and confidential
information used by ADL to complete its report.
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\1\ We recognize and support the goal of full disclosure of all
information used in our rulemaking process. However, in order for
DOE to effectively carry out its statutory and regulatory
responsibilities, it sometimes is necessary or advisable for DOE to
review and/or use information that is proprietary or otherwise
confidential. In those cases, it is essential that DOE respect the
proprietary needs of those who are willing to share their own data
for limited use. Without such assurances of confidentiality,
organizations often would not make their research or information
available to us, ultimately adding to the expense and time needed
for acquiring rulemaking data, as well as adversely impacting the
quality of the rule eventually issued. In contracting with ADL, we
asked ADL to use the best available expertise in appliance
technology in order to evaluate, objectively and confidentially, all
available data regarding the soil loads of dishwashers and their
frequency of use.
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DOE tasked ADL to compile all available public and private studies
of consumer dishwasher use and determine whether ADL believed that
information was of sufficient quality and national significance to use
in developing a new test procedure for soil-sensing dishwashers. ADL
did find significant sources of data, and produced for DOE a report
outlining a possible three-level test procedure based on three levels
of soil. The energy consumption for each soil-sensing dishwasher at
those three levels would be weighted according to the distribution of
dishwasher soil levels obtained from consumer survey data. The
resulting energy factors would reflect a weighted average of consumer
use in the U.S. ADL also surveyed and evaluated available studies of
frequency of use in order to produce information so that DOE can update
the average number of use cycles per year and provide a more current
representation of annual energy use and cost.
This notice defines the two types of dishwashers now in the
marketplace, non soil-sensing and soil-sensing. It retains the original
test procedure using clean dishes for non soil-sensing models, and
presents a new test procedure for soil-sensing models, using soiled
dishes, based on the ADL report. It also adds a procedure for measuring
standby power consumption for both non soil-sensing and soil-sensing
models, and reduces the number of use cycles per year to 215. The
Department is especially interested in receiving comments regarding
whether the proposed soil levels provide a realistic representation of
consumer use.
B. Changes in Consumer Practices--Representative Average Dishwasher Use
On December 18, 2001, the Department issued a final rule for
dishwashers that reduced the representative average number of use
cycles per year to 264, down from 322. In that final rule, the
Department stated
[[Page 56235]]
it would consider any new data on dishwasher use in the future.
In its study, ADL evaluated six surveys that contained consumer
usage information. ADL identified five as nationally representative of
U.S. demographics (e.g., age, household size, income, location).
Several surveys used bands to categorize dishwasher use per week (e.g.,
4-6 times per week), indicating a range in the cycle numbers and
contributing some uncertainty in the results. In its assessment, ADL
points out that one of the surveys, the Energy Information
Administration's Residential Energy Consumption Survey entitled, ``A
Look at Residential Energy Consumption in 1997,'' indicates that more
than half of the U.S. households with a dishwasher use it less than
four times per week (208 cycles per year). This extensive and
nationally representative survey gives a good indication of the
frequency of dishwasher use. Although the four remaining nationally
representative surveys show a range of results for consumer use, they
also support the overall trend that consumer dishwasher use is, on
average, significantly lower than 264 cycles per year.
The ADL report states that ``a revised number for the
representative average-use cycles per year should be substantially less
than the 264 in the interim rulemaking, but not less than 200 cycles
per year.'' It goes on to recommend ``reducing the average-use cycles
per year for dishwashers into the range of 200 to 233 cycles per
year.'' In the addendum to its report, ADL provided clarification on
its methodology as to how it determined this range. ADL's
recommendation of 200 to 233 cycles per year combined three approaches
to analyzing the available data from five nationally representative
surveys. The details of this approach can be found on page 13 of the
addendum which is posted on our website and is available in the docket
for this rulemaking. The Department reviewed the analysis and believes
that because of the type of data available, the way that the surveys
were conducted and the data presented, and the inherent variability of
the consumer conduct at issue (i.e., dishwasher use by individual
consumers), the range ADL recommends is appropriate. Because this range
is appropriate but no definitive number within that range appears to be
better than any other, the Department proposes to set the average use
cycles, (factor ``N'' in the test procedure formula set forth in this
NOPR), at 215 cycles per year. This number represents roughly the
midpoint between the estimated range of the average use cycle data
presented in the ADL report. We believe it is appropriate to set the
number of average use cycles at the midpoint in this range because
there is no reason for DOE to believe, based on the data presented to
it, that any one point in the range represents a more accurate estimate
of average dishwasher use than any other.
C. New Definitions
This NOPR introduces a new test procedure for soil-sensing
dishwashers. As a result, we have developed new definitions to
differentiate between two types of dishwashers (non soil-sensing and
soil-sensing), the conditions of the standby operation, and the
conditions for the light, medium, and heavy tests of a soil-sensing
dishwasher. These definitions are as follows:
``Non soil-sensing dishwasher'' means a dishwasher that
does not have the ability to adjust automatically any energy consuming
aspect of a wash cycle based on the soil load of the dishes.
``Soil-sensing dishwasher'' means a dishwasher that has
the ability to adjust automatically any energy consuming aspect of a
wash cycle based on the soil load of the dishes.
``Standby mode'' means the power consumption condition
when the dishwasher is connected to the main electricity supply and the
door lock is unlatched.
``Sensor heavy cycle'' means, for standard dishwashers,
the set of operations in a soil-sensing dishwasher that constitutes the
response for completely washing a load of dishes, four place settings
of which are soiled. For compact dishwashers, this definition is the
same, except that two soiled place settings are used instead of four.
``Sensor light cycle'' means, for both standard and
compact dishwashers, the set of operations in a soil-sensing dishwasher
that constitutes the response for completely washing a load of dishes,
one place setting of which is soiled with half of the gram weight of
soils for each item specified in a single place setting according to
AHAM DW-1.
``Sensor medium cycle'' means, for standard dishwashers,
the set of operations in a soil-sensing dishwasher that constitutes the
response for completely washing a load of dishes, two place settings of
which are soiled. For compact dishwashers, this definition is the same,
except that one soiled place setting is used instead of two.
``Truncated sensor heavy cycle'' means the sensor heavy
cycle interrupted to eliminate the power-dry feature after the
termination of the last rinse operation.
``Truncated sensor light cycle'' means the sensor light
cycle interrupted to eliminate the power-dry feature after the
termination of the last rinse operation.
``Truncated sensor medium cycle'' means the sensor medium
cycle interrupted to eliminate the power-dry feature after the
termination of the last rinse operation.
D. New Test Procedure for Soil-Sensing Dishwashers
The introduction of dishwashers using soil-sensing technology
prompted the need to revise the current test procedure which does not
accurately measure the energy consumption of models with variable
cycles. Currently, there are several approaches to soil-sensing which
include optical turbidity sensors, pressure-based sensors, and a new
generation of laser-based sensors that is in development. The responses
of these technologies vary, but in all cases, the soil-sensing
dishwashers adjust the length and/or the severity of the washing cycle
according to the amount of soil detected in the water. For example, if
little or no soil is detected, a less severe wash cycle will be
triggered; if a heavier soil load is detected, a more severe wash cycle
will be triggered. The intent of the design is to use information to
improve wash performance and reduce energy consumption when
appropriate.
However, when soil-sensing dishwashers are tested with the current
test procedure, which uses only clean dishes, the absence of soil
invariably triggers a less severe cycle. Thus, the energy factors
obtained are very high and do not reflect a dishwasher's performance
(and thus its energy usage) when a soiled load of dishes is present.
This leads to confusion for consumers seeking accurate measures of
energy efficiency under normal use patterns; in fact, it leads to
consumer decisions that are made based on demonstrably inaccurate
information.
The test procedure for soil-sensing machines must provide reliable
data which reflect performance with a typical load of dishes, while at
the same time not unduly increasing the test burden for manufacturers.
Establishing parameters for a typical load of dishes and for normal use
is difficult because of the complex algorithms designed by
manufacturers to respond to different soil levels. These algorithms for
wash sequences are based on sensor data. The test procedure which we
proposed in the September 1999 NOPR, based on a concept developed by
AHAM,
[[Page 56236]]
attempted to average the energy consumed during both minimum and
maximum wash cycles. However, manufacturers have since claimed that
because of the different ways that varying sensor technologies perform,
their machines cannot be adequately tested and compared using that
procedure. As a result, DOE, NIST, and numerous stakeholders turned
their attention to obtaining soiling and loading information useful for
revising the dishwasher test procedure. Because of the flexibility of
wash patterns from model to model, soil-based tests presented the most
viable solution for representative energy testing.
AHAM DW-1 seemed a logical starting point for soil-based testing
because these soil-based procedures were already used by industry.
These procedures were originally developed as dishwasher performance
evaluating tools to provide a repeatable test that could be reproduced
in different laboratories. The procedures use a challenging soil load
of specified foods to assess the washing and drying ability of
dishwashers.
The AHAM performance testing procedures require the use of a
standard test load of dishes, detergent, and rinse agent. Standard
conditions for ambient temperature, water temperature, water pressure,
and water hardness are all specified. The performance evaluation is
based on a minimum of three runs on a dishwasher with a soiled load,
set on the normal cycle. The quantity, brand, instruction for
preparation, and order and location for the application of each soil
used in the procedures are specified to maintain repeatability. A total
of 13 different soils are applied within a one-hour period, followed by
a two-hour drying period.
Because the AHAM performance test was developed to be a heavy soil
test that challenged dishwasher cleaning performance, it is not
representative of soil loads introduced under typical household use.
Therefore, while the AHAM performance test was a logical starting point
for developing a test procedure for soil-sensing dishwashers, the AHAM
performance test was not itself suitable for a final test procedure.
Instead, and recognizing the difficulty in developing a test procedure
that is repeatable and realistic, DOE sought to extract elements from
this AHAM performance test.
Before a test procedure could be drafted, it was necessary to gain
an understanding of the different system responses of various soil-
sensor models under soiled conditions, as well as research what amount
of soil represents a ``normal'' soil level on dishes placed in a
dishwasher. DOE directed ADL to study consumer soiling and loading
practices to determine what portion of the AHAM DW-1 soil load could be
used to represent light, medium, and heavy soil levels. ADL analyzed
the results of three available surveys, one of which, survey C,
provided significantly more comprehensive data than the other two. The
initial result of this analysis was based on weighted averages of the
results of the three surveys. That approach led ADL to recommend that a
greater mass of soil on dishes be selected to represent the light,
medium, and heavy soil levels than if survey C were used alone. This
recommendation was published in ADL's December 18, 2001 report and was
posted on our website.
Following industry review and commentary on the method of the
analysis, ADL produced for DOE an addendum to its earlier report on
March 5, 2002. The addendum provides more detail on the initial
analysis, demonstrates the comprehensiveness of survey C, analyzes
additional data from survey C, and focuses on survey C as the primary
basis for determining the portions of the AHAM DW-1 soil load that
could be used to represent light, medium, and heavy soil levels.
The addendum provides additional data and methodology from survey
C. It states that survey C collected and analyzed an extensive set of
photographs of actual soiled dish loads from participating households.
The photographs of each soiled dish load were compared against a Likert
scale \2\ and received Likert scale ratings that ranged from 2 to 10.
The range of Likert scale ratings was divided into three soil levels--
light, medium, and heavy. Likert scale ratings of 3, 6, and 10 were
selected as representative of the light, medium, and heavy soil levels,
respectively. The distribution of the Likert scale ratings showed that
each of the selections--3, 6, and 10--represented more than half of the
data within each of the three soil levels. The selection of 10 as
representative of the heavy soil level was shown to be particularly
conservative given that for the heavy soil level, the Likert scale
rating of 8 represented over 75 percent of the data.
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\2\ Likert scale: a response scale developed by Rensis Likert
for assessing opinions and usually consisting of five of more
categories; used here as an analysis tool to assess the following
issue: ``How soiled are the dishes in the consumers' dishwasher
loads?'' From the large set of photographic data, the bottom of the
scale was defined by assigning one of the photos showing the lowest
level of soil as the comparison point for a score of 1. Conversely,
the top of the scale was defined by assigning one of the photos
showing the highest level of soil as the comparison point for a
score of 5. The scores in between--2, 3, and 4--were defined
similarly and represent increasing levels of soil.
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In the next step of the methodology from survey C, a minimum of 10
sets of photographs from each of the Likert scale ratings of 3, 6, and
10 were analyzed by a professional home economist. The professional
home economist recreated the dish loads in the photographs using AHAM
DW-1 soils and then weighed the amount of AHAM DW-1 soils on the
recreated dish loads.
Using this information, the mass of food soils was translated into
the corresponding number of soiled place settings for each level,
according to AHAM DW-1. This translation was based on the fact that the
AHAM DW-1 soiling procedure specifies approximately 31.3 grams of food
soils per place setting. The result of this analysis, as listed in the
ADL addendum, showed that a light soil level for standard dishwashers
could be approximated by one-half of a single soiled AHAM DW-1 place
setting; a medium soil level could be approximated by two soiled AHAM
DW-1 place settings; and a heavy soil level could be approximated by
four soiled AHAM DW-1 place settings.
DOE believes that this analysis of soil levels is based on the best
available information and therefore proposes that the energy test
procedure load of dishes for standard soil-sensing dishwashers be
defined according to AHAM DW-1 with eight place settings of dishes,
serving pieces, and flatware, soiled per the light, medium, and heavy
cycle definitions proposed in this notice. It is noted that the
reference to the AHAM DW-1 place settings refers to the ANSI/AHAM DW-1-
1992 standard as well as the August 20, 1999 ``Addendum to Appendix A
of AHAM DW-1-1992'' which provides more details regarding a source of
acceptable dishware for testing. Both the standard and the addendum
will be incorporated by reference in this proposed new test procedure
rule.
For compact dishwashers, the typical loading capacity is half of
the loading capacity of standard dishwashers. Therefore, the Department
proposes to base the test load for compact soil-sensing dishwashers on
a total of four AHAM DW-1 place settings. In addition, the soil load
for the medium and heavy soil levels are reduced to half that of the
soil load for standard dishwashers, proportional to its smaller
capacity. However, the Department proposes to maintain the one-half
place setting soil load to represent the light soil level because of
the small amount of soil involved. Therefore, the soil load
[[Page 56237]]
for the light soil level for compact dishwashers is approximated by
one-half of a single soiled AHAM DW-1 place setting, achieved by
applying half of the gram weight of soils to each dishware item; a
medium soil level is approximated by one soiled AHAM DW-1 place
setting; and a heavy soil level is approximated by two soiled AHAM DW-1
place settings. Thus, the energy test load is defined according to AHAM
DW-1 with four place settings of dishes, serving pieces, and flatware,
soiled per the light, medium, and heavy definitions.
The new test procedure requires that the machine wash cycle
responses under each of these soil levels are then multiplied by
weighting factors representing the frequency of use for each soil level
to calculate an energy factor for the dishwasher model that would
represent its normal energy efficiency. The energy consumption for each
of the three tests (i.e., sensor heavy, sensor light, and sensor medium
for soil-sensing dishwashers) would be measured and calculated in the
same way as the existing test procedure. However, the machine energy
and water energy components for a soil-sensing dishwasher would be
based on a weighted average of the three energy consumption tests,
according to the frequency with which light, medium, and heavy loads
are washed.
From available survey data, ADL determined the following weighting
factors, drawn from the distribution of U.S. households in the three
soil level categories--62% light level of soil, 33% medium, and 5%
heavy. The resulting equation for the machine energy, M, for soil-
sensing dishwashers is:
M= (Mhc x Fhc) + (Mmc x
Fmc) + (Mlc x Flc)
The resulting equation for the amount of water used, V, for soil-
sensing dishwashers is:
V= (Vhc x Fhc) + (Vmc x
Fmc) + (Vlc x Flc)
Based on the ADL report and addendum, and the available relevant
and reliable data, DOE believes that the percentages used in the
proposed rule represent the best possible estimate of how consumers
currently use dishwashers, weighting the equation toward light loads
that are significantly pre-rinsed. However, because all dishwashers are
designed to wash heavy loads successfully without pre-rinsing, it is
possible that in coming years, as consumers learn that pre-rinsing
generally is unnecessary, dishwashers will encounter a higher
percentage of heavy loads. Consumers Union stressed this point in a
comment which emphasized the water and energy lost to pre-rinsing, and
the need for public information to reduce this wasteful practice. If
educational campaigns successfully decrease the preponderance of pre-
rinsing, and the Department becomes aware of reliable data documenting
that change in behavior, the Department will consider reevaluating
consumer usage patterns and making appropriate adjustments to the
weighting factors or any other elements of the proposed test procedure.
But for now, our test procedure must be based on the best approximation
of how dishwashers are currently used.
The proposed test procedure requires the use of both the type and
quantity of detergent and rinse agent specified in AHAM DW-1. This
requirement can be found in section 2.7 of the test procedure. The test
procedure also specifies the order of the tests, requiring the test of
the heavy cycle to be conducted first, followed by the test of the
medium cycle, and finally the test of the light cycle. This order was
chosen because the Department is aware that for some models, the cycle
response may be influenced by the previous wash cycle used. For those
machines, this order selection would capture any additional energy use.
E. New Test Procedure for Standby Power
The existing test procedure for dishwashers was designed to measure
energy consumption only during the normal wash cycle. However, many
dishwasher manufacturers have shifted from electro-mechanical controls
to controls using transformers and microprocessors to provide more
advanced features in their high end dishwasher models (e.g., innovative
soil-sensing control schemes and displays). Thus, the market is seeing
an increased percentage of models which consume standby power.
The energy consumption of standby power has gained additional
attention through Executive Order 13221, ``Energy Efficient Standby
Power Devices,'' issued July 31, 2001 (66 FR 40571), which added
standby power usage to Federal purchasing criteria for commercially
available products. Since EPCA defines the estimated annual operating
cost (EAOC) of a covered product as ``the aggregate retail cost of the
energy which is likely to be consumed annually * * * in representative
use of a consumer product,'' EPCA section 321(7), 42 U.S.C. 6291(7),
the Department proposes to require that the measurement of standby
power consumption for dishwashers be included in the EAOC.
Additionally, standby power would be included in the estimated annual
energy use (EAEU) calculations, a reporting value used in calculating
the EAOC. It would not at this time, however, be included in the energy
factor, since the energy factor has traditionally measured only the
amount of energy consumed during the running of the test wash cycle(s).
>From the data that we have initially seen, we believe the amount of
standby power use to be a small percentage of overall dishwasher energy
use (probably between one and five percent). However, we will collect
data on dishwasher standby power consumption in order to evaluate it
further, for possible incorporation into the energy factor in the
future.
The standby energy measurement procedure requires that the
dishwasher be connected to a high resolution watt meter and the
dishwasher set to the standby mode. The standby energy consumption must
be measured over an interval of at least five minutes. The resulting
value for average power in watts in the standby mode, Sm, is
then multiplied by the nominal number of standby hours and divided by
1000 to obtain the units of kilowatt-hours. The nominal value for the
number of standby hours was obtained as follows:
First calculate the total number of hours per year, H, taking into
account leap years.
H = (365.25 days/year x 24 hours/day) = 8766 hours/year
Then calculate the number of standby hours per year, based on the
normal/sensor medium cycle duration where L is defined as the duration
of the normal cycle in hours or fractions of an hour for tests of non
soil-sensing dishwashers or the duration of the sensor medium cycle for
tests of soil-sensing dishwashers.
Hs = H - (215 cycles/year x L)
With these inputs, the calculation for annual standby power use, S,
is completed using
S = Sm x ((Hs)/1000).
Once the value, S, is known, the calculation for the estimated
annual operating cost (EAOC) can be completed as follows:
EAOC + (De x S) + (De x N x M)
where,
N is the annual dishwasher use = 215 cycles per year as discussed in
section B of this notice, and
De is the price of electricity in dollars per kWh.
This modification will give consumers a more complete estimate of
their annual energy costs.
F. Instrumentation Requirements
As a result of the proposed changes set forth in this NOPR, there
would be
[[Page 56238]]
requirements for additional instrumentation used in the test procedure.
These new requirements would include an additional watt or watt-hour
meter for measuring standby power and a timer for measuring the
duration of the cycle. The specifications for each of these instruments
are listed below.
3.2 Timer. Time measurements for each monitoring period shall
be accurate to within 2 seconds.
3.5 Standby power meter. The watt/watt-hour meter must have a
resolution of 0.1 watt or less at 1.0 watt actual power consumption
and accumulate into watt-hours at a minimum power level of 20
milliwatts. The watt/watt-hour meter must be capable of operating
within the stated tolerances for input voltages at up to five
percent total harmonic distortion and shall be capable of operating
at frequencies from 47 hertz through 63 hertz. Power measurement
instruments shall have a crest factor of not less than five at RMS
currents of two amps or less.
In addition, we propose modifying the wording of the electrical
energy supply requirements. We propose changing the supply requirement
from ``115 volts'' to ``120 volts ± 2%'' and from ``240
volts'' to ``240 volts ± 2%.'' This change to 120 volts will
better approximate most manufacturers' installation instructions and
also adds a range to the voltage specification. DOE requests comment on
whether these ranges are appropriate as testing requirements. The
proposed new test is as follows:
2.2.1 Dishwashers that operate with an electrical supply of 120
volts. Maintain the electrical supply to the dishwasher at no less
than 120 volts ± 2% and within one percent of the
nameplate frequency as specified by the manufacturer.
2.2.2 Dishwashers that operate with an electrical supply of 240
volts. Maintain the electrical supply to the dishwasher at 240 volts
± 2% and within one percent of its nameplate frequency as
specified by the manufacturer.
G. Impact of Test Procedure Revisions
Section 323(e) of EPCA requires that the Department, in a
rulemaking, determine to what extent, if any, a proposed test procedure
will alter the energy efficiency or energy use of any covered product
as measured under the existing test procedure. If DOE determines that
an amended test procedure would alter the energy efficiency or energy
use of a covered product as measured, DOE is required to measure the
energy efficiency or energy use of representative samples of covered
products which minimally comply with the existing standard. The average
efficiency of these representative samples, tested using the amended
test procedure, will constitute the amended standard (42 U.S.C.
6293(e)(2)). This statutory provision is designed to prevent alteration
of an existing Federal energy conservation standard through a change in
a test procedure. It seeks to ensure that products in compliance with
the applicable energy conservation standard under the existing test
procedure will not be out of compliance because the test procedure has
been amended.
In this NOPR, the primary revisions to the dishwasher test
procedure are the inclusion of new measurements of standby power, the
reduction in annual cycles of use, and the addition of a new soil-based
test method for soil-sensing dishwashers. The addition of standby power
measurements will not affect the compliance of any dishwashers with
existing energy conservation standards because the Department does not
propose requiring that standby power consumption be added into the
calculation for a dishwasher's energy factor. The energy factor is the
energy descriptor that measures the energy efficiency for dishwashers
in tests of the normal cycle. Instead, standby power consumption is
only included in the EAOC and in the EAEU. These two values do not have
an impact on model compliance with the currently-effective minimum
energy standard for either non soil-sensing or soil-sensing models.
Similarly, annual cycles of use are used to calculate EAOC and EAEU and
are not included in energy factor. Accordingly, these two changes in
the proposed test procedure do not alter either the energy efficiency
or energy use as measured for all dishwashers and therefore no
amendment to the energy conservation standard is required under section
323(e) based on these proposed changes.
The third change, the new soil-based test method, will only be used
for testing soil-sensing machines. Because non soil-sensing machines
will still be tested using clean dishes, their energy factors will not
change, and their compliance with the standard will not be affected.
Soil testing, however, is expected to alter the energy factors of soil-
sensing models. We understand that models using soil-sensing technology
are generally more efficient than non soil-sensing models. Hence, at
this time, under the existing test procedure, many soil-sensing
dishwashers have been labeled Energy Star products and we expect that
they will continue to be in compliance with the current standard when
tested under the proposed test procedure.
However, stakeholders have agreed that the existing test procedure
cannot accurately test dishwasher models with the soil-sensing
technology. In fact, under the existing test procedure, soil-sensing
models show results that are overrated, that is, they inaccurately show
higher energy factors than they would if tested with a soil load. For
this reason, the parties have diligently worked together to design a
new test procedure that can specifically measure the results of
dishwashers with this particular technology.
Under section 323(e) of EPCA, the Department is required to amend
the applicable energy conservation standard in certain circumstances.
As set forth in section 323(e) of EPCA, DOE will use the amended test
procedure set forth in this NOPR to test a representative sample of
soil-sensing models that are identified as minimally compliant with the
existing energy conservation standard. Subsequent to the testing, the
Department will make such test results available for comment. If the
results of such testing demonstrate that certain models will become
noncompliant due to the amended test procedure, the average efficiency
of the representative sample tested using the amended test procedure
will constitute the amended standard for those models. In order to
perform this analysis, the Department requests that manufacturers
provide the Department with information properly identifying soil-
sensing dishwasher models that minimally comply with energy
conservation standards when tested with the currently-effective test
procedure.
H. Representation Requirements
Consistent with Section 323(c)(2) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(2)),
all manufacturers, distributors, retailers, or private labelers have
180 days from the date a new or amended test procedure is prescribed or
established to ensure that any representation with respect to energy
use or efficiency or cost of energy consumed by a covered product
fairly discloses the results from testing under the new or amended test
procedure. This 180-day period may be extended for up to an additional
180 days if the Secretary determines that the requirements of section
323(c)(2) of EPCA would impose undue hardship.
The Department has the responsibility to ensure that these covered
products are accurately rated and that manufacturers are in compliance
with the energy conservation standard. Due to the unusual circumstances
concerning the testing of dishwashers, DOE plans at some future time to
require manufacturers to produce reports concerning the testing of
soil-sensing models pursuant to the
[[Page 56239]]
amended test procedure. The Department has the authority to request
such reports pursuant to EPCA section 326(d)(1). We will request such
reports in a manner designed to minimize unnecessary burdens on
manufacturers (42 U.S.C. 6296(d)(2)). We request comment from
stakeholders concerning the appropriate timing of DOE's future request
and how DOE can minimize the burden on manufacturers.
The Secretary of Energy has approved issuance of this NOPR.
III. Procedural Requirements
A. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this proposed rule, the Department proposes amendments to test
procedures that may be used to implement future energy conservation
standards for dishwashers. The Department has reviewed the proposed
rule under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), 42
U.S.C. 4321 et seq., the regulations of the Council on Environmental
Quality, 40 CFR parts 1500-1508, the Department's regulations for
compliance with NEPA, 10 CFR part 1021, and the Secretarial Policy on
the National Environmental Policy Act (June 1994). The Department has
determined that this rule falls into a class of actions that are
categorically excluded from review under NEPA. This rule will not
affect the quality or distribution of energy usage and, therefore, will
not result in any environmental impacts. The Department has therefore
determined that the proposed rule is covered by Categorical Exclusion
A5, for rulemakings that interpret or amend an existing rule without
changing the environmental effect, as set forth in the Department's
NEPA regulations in Appendix A to Subpart D, 10 CFR part 1021.
Accordingly, neither an environmental impact statement nor an
environmental assessment is required.
B. Review Under Executive Order 12866, ``Regulatory Planning and
Review''
This regulatory proposal is not a ``significant regulatory action''
as defined in section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866, ``Regulatory
Planning and Review'' 58 FR 51735 (October 4, 1993). Accordingly, the
proposed action is not subject to review under the Executive Order by
the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), Office of
Management and Budget.
C. Review Under Executive Order 13211, ``Action Concerning Regulations
That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution or Use''
Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,'' 66 FR 28355
(May 22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to prepare and submit to OIRA
a Statement of Energy Effects for any proposed significant energy
action. A ``significant energy action'' is defined as any action by an
agency that promulgates or is expected to lead to the promulgation of a
final rule, and that: (1) Is a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866, or any successor order; and (2) is likely to
have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy; or (3) is designated by the Administrator of OIRA as a
significant energy action. For any proposed significant energy action,
the agency must give a detailed statement of any adverse effects on
energy supply, distribution, or use should the proposal be implemented,
and of reasonable alternatives to the action and their expected
benefits on energy supply, distribution, and use.
Today's proposed rule will not have a significant adverse effect on
the supply, distribution, or use of energy, and, therefore, is not a
significant energy action. Accordingly, DOE has not prepared a
Statement of Energy Effects.
D. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5 U.S.C. 601-612, requires that an
agency prepare an initial regulatory flexibility analysis for any rule,
for which a general notice of proposed rulemaking is required, that
would have a significant economic effect on small entities unless the
agency certifies that the proposed rule, if promulgated, will not have
a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities. 5 U.S.C. 605.
This proposed rule prescribes test procedures that will be used to
test compliance with energy conservation standards and labeling. The
proposed rule affects dishwasher test procedures and would not have a
significant economic impact, but rather would provide common testing
methods. Therefore DOE certifies that the proposed rule would not have
a ``significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities,'' and the preparation of a regulatory flexibility analysis is
not warranted.
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism''
Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism,'' (64 FR 43255, August 4,
1999), requires that regulations, rules, legislation, and any other
policy actions be reviewed for any substantial direct effects on
States, on the relationship between the Federal Government and the
States, or in the distribution of power and responsibilities among
various levels of government. If there are substantial direct effects,
then this Executive Order requires preparation of a Federalism
assessment to be used in all decisions involved in promulgating and
implementing a policy action.
The proposed rule published today would not regulate or otherwise
affect the States. Accordingly, DOE has determined that preparation of
a Federalism assessment is unnecessary.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12630, ``Governmental Actions and
Interference With Constitutionally Protected Property Rights''
DOE has determined pursuant to Executive Order 12630,
``Governmental Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected
Property Rights,'' (52 FR 8859, March 18, 1988), that this regulatory
proposal would not result in any takings which might require
compensation under the Fifth Amendment to the United States
Constitution.
G. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act
No new information or record keeping requirements are imposed by
this rulemaking. Accordingly, no OMB clearance is required under the
Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.
H. Review Under Executive Order 12988, ``Civil Justice Reform''
With respect to the review of existing regulations and the
promulgation of new regulations, section 3(a) of Executive Order 12988,
``Civil Justice Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (February 7, 1996), imposes on
Executive agencies the general duty to adhere to the following
requirements: (1) Eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity; (2) write
regulations to minimize litigation; and (3) provide a clear legal
standard for affected conduct rather than a general standard and
promote simplification and burden reduction. With regard to the review
required by sections 3(a) and 3(b) of the Executive Order, Executive
agencies must make every reasonable effort to ensure that the
regulation: (1) Clearly specifies the preemptive effect, if any; (2)
clearly specifies any effect on
[[Page 56240]]
existing Federal law or regulation; (3) provides a clear legal standard
for affected conduct while promoting simplification and burden
reduction; (4) specifies the retroactive effect, if any; (5) adequately
defines key terms; and (6) addresses other important issues affecting
clarity and general draftsmanship under any guidelines issued by the
Attorney General. Section 3(c) of the Executive Order requires agencies
to review regulations in light of applicable standards in sections 3(a)
and 3(b) to determine whether they are met or it is unreasonable to
meet one or more of them.
DOE reviewed today's proposed rule under the standards of section 3
of the Executive Order and determined that, to the extent permitted by
law, the proposed regulations meet the requirements of those standards.
I. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization Act
(Pub. L. 95-91), the Department of Energy must comply with section 32
of the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, as amended by the
Federal Energy Administration Authorization Act of 1977. 15 U.S.C. 788.
Section 32 provides in essence that, where a proposed rule contains or
involves use of commercial standards, the notice of proposed rulemaking
must inform the public of the use and background of such standards.
The rule proposed in this notice incorporates one commercial
standard, ``ANSI/AHAM DW-1-1992, and the August 20, 1999 ``Addendum to
Appendix A of AHAM DW-1-1992.'' The standard specifies the type and
quantity of foods that will be used to soil place settings of dishes in
this test procedure. The addendum provides more details regarding a
source of acceptable dishware for testing. The Department has evaluated
this standard and is unable to conclude whether it fully complies with
the requirements of section 32(b) of the Federal Energy Administration
Act, i.e., that the standard was developed in a manner that fully
provides for public participation, comment and review.
As required by section 32(c) of the Federal Energy Administration
Act, the Department will consult with the Attorney General and the
Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission concerning the impact of this
standard on competition, prior to prescribing a final rule.
J. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (``Unfunded
Mandates Act'') requires that the Department prepare a budgetary impact
statement before promulgating a rule that includes a Federal mandate
that may result in expenditure by state, local, and tribal governments,
in the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100 million or more in
any one year. The budgetary impact statement must include: (i)
Identification of the Federal law under which the rule is promulgated;
(ii) a qualitative and quantitative assessment of anticipated costs and
benefits of the Federal mandate and an analysis of the extent to which
such costs to state, local, and tribal governments may be paid with
Federal financial assistance; (iii) if feasible, estimates of the
future compliance costs and of any disproportionate budgetary effects
the mandate has on particular regions, communities, non-Federal units
of government, or sectors of the economy; (iv) if feasible, estimates
of the effect on the national economy; and (v) a description of the
Department's prior consultation with elected representatives of state,
local, and tribal governments and a summary and evaluation of the
comments and concerns presented.
The Department has determined that the action proposed today does
not include a Federal mandate that may result in estimated costs of
$100 million or more to State, local or to tribal governments in the
aggregate or to the private sector. Therefore, the requirements of
Sections 203 and 204 of the Unfunded Mandates Act do not apply to this
action.
K. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. No. 105-277) requires Federal agencies to issue a
Family Policymaking Assessment for any proposed rule or policy that may
affect family well-being. Today's proposed rule would not have any
impact on the autonomy or integrity of the family as an institution.
Accordingly, DOE has concluded that it is not necessary to prepare a
Family Policymaking Assessment.
IV. Public Comment
A. Attendance at Public Hearing
You will find the time and place of a public hearing listed at the
beginning of this notice of proposed rulemaking. If you would like to
attend the public hearing, please notify Ms. Brenda Edwards-Jones at
(202) 586-2945. Foreign nationals visiting DOE Headquarters are subject
to advance security screening procedures. If you are a foreign national
and wish to participate in the meeting, please inform DOE of this fact
as soon as possible by contacting Ms. Brenda Edwards-Jones so that the
necessary procedures can be completed.
B. Procedure for Submitting Requests to Speak
We invite any person who has an interest in today's notice, or who
is a representative of a group or class of persons that has an interest
in these issues, to request an opportunity to make an oral
presentation. You may hand deliver requests to speak, along with a
computer diskette or CD (WordPerfectTM 8), to the address
indicated at the beginning of this notice of proposed rulemaking
between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, except
Federal holidays. You may also send them by mail or e-mail to
Brenda.Edwards-Jones@ee.doe.gov.
The person making the request should state why he or she, either
individually or as a representative of a group or class of persons, is
an appropriate spokesperson, briefly describe the nature of the
interest in this rulemaking, and provide a telephone number for
contact. We request each person selected to be heard to submit an
advance copy of his or her statement no later than Tuesday, October 8,
2002. At our discretion, we may permit any person who cannot do this to
participate if that person has made alternative arrangements with the
Office of Building Research and Standards in advance. The request to
give an oral presentation should ask for such alternative arrangements.
C. Conduct of Hearing
DOE will designate a DOE official to preside at the hearing and we
may also use a professional facilitator to facilitate discussion. The
meeting will not be a judicial or evidentiary-type hearing, but DOE
will conduct it in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 553 and Section 336 of EPCA
and a court reporter will be present to record the transcript of the
proceedings. We reserve the right to schedule the presentations by
hearing participants, and to establish the procedures governing the
conduct of the hearing. Following the hearing, we will provide an
additional comment period, during which interested parties will have an
[[Page 56241]]
opportunity to comment on the proceedings at the hearing, as well as on
any aspect of the rulemaking.
The hearing will be conducted in an informal, conference style. We
will present summaries of comments received before the hearing, allow
time for presentations by participants, and encourage all interested
parties to share their views on issues affecting this rulemaking. DOE
will permit each participant to make a prepared general statement,
(with time limit as determined by DOE), prior to the discussion of
specific topics. DOE will permit other participants to comment briefly
on any general statements.
At the end of all prepared statements on a topic, DOE will permit
each participant to clarify his or her statement briefly and comment on
statements made by others. Participants should be prepared to answer
questions by DOE and by other participants concerning these issues. DOE
representatives may also ask questions of participants concerning other
matters relevant to the hearing. The official conducting the hearing
will accept additional comments or questions from those attending, as
time permits. The presiding official will announce any further
procedural rules, or modification of the above procedures, needed for
the proper conduct of the hearing.
We will make the entire record of this proposed rulemaking,
including the transcript from the hearing, available for inspection in
DOE's Freedom of Information Reading Room. Any person may purchase a
copy of the transcript from the transcribing reporter.
D. Issues on Which Comments Are Requested
The Department of Energy is interested in receiving comments and/or
data concerning the feasibility, workability, and appropriateness of
the test procedure proposed in this notice. We also welcome discussion
on improvements or alternatives to this approach. We are especially
interested in any data and comment regarding:
(1) The frequency with which dishwasher loads are pre-rinsed;
(2) The amount and type of soil representing typical dish loads;
(3) Improving the repeatability of soil tests and minimizing test
burden;
(4) The average number of dishwasher cycles consumers run each
year;
(5) Any soil-sensing dishwashers adversely affected by the new test
procedure and information identifying minimally compliant soil-sensing
models;
(6) The method used to include standby power in the annual energy
use calculations;
(7) Suggestions concerning the appropriate time frame and ways the
Department can minimize the burden on manufacturers when it requests
reports pursuant to EPCA section 326 (d)(1) relating to the testing of
soil-sensing models under the new test procedure;
(8) Comments on whether the tolerance for the voltage
specifications are attainable without undue burden, or whether they
should be modified; and
(9) Possible alternatives to the definition of standby mode.
In addition to these test procedure issues, we are interested in
hearing comment on possible future strategies to capture greater
efficiency benefits with dishwashers and to maintain and update this
test procedure, as dishwasher technology and consumer dishwasher use
evolve. We are especially interested in comment on the following:
(1) Assessing the energy impact of pre-rinsing dishes and the
energy saving opportunities of greater utilization of dishwashers,
without pre-rinsing dishes.
(2) Supporting industry efforts to update and maintain the AHAM DW-
1.
(3) Maintaining the correct percentages for the weighting factors
in the energy consumption formulas through follow-up assessments of
households' dishwasher usage habits regarding soil loads.
List of Subjects in 10 CFR Part 430
Administrative practice and procedure, Energy conservation,
Household appliances, Incorporation by reference.
Issued in Washington, DC, on August 27, 2002.
David K. Garman,
Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
For the reasons set forth in the preamble, the Department proposes
to amend Part 430 of Chapter II of Title 10, Code of Federal
Regulations, as follows:
PART 430--ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS
1. The authority citation for part 430 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6309; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
2. Section 430.22 is amended in subpart B by revising paragraph
(b)(7) to read as follows:
Sec. 430.22 Reference Sources.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(7) Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers, 1111 19th Street,
NW, Suite 402, Washington, DC 20036, (202) 872-5955, ``American
National Standard, Household Electric Dishwashers, ANSI/AHAM DW-1-
1992'' and the August 20, 1999 ``Addendum to Appendix A of AHAM DW-1-
1992,'' hereinafter collectively referred to as AHAM DW-1.
* * * * *
3. Section 430.23 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraph (c)
to read as follows:
Sec. 430.23 Test procedures for the measurement of energy and water
consumption.
* * * * *
(c) Dishwashers. (1) The estimated annual operating cost (EAOC) for
dishwashers must be rounded to the nearest dollar per year and is
defined as follows:
(i) When cold water (50 deg.F) is used,
(A) For dishwashers having a truncated normal cycle as defined in
section 1.15 of Appendix C to this subpart,
EAOC = (De x S) + ( De x N x (M - (ED/
2))
(B) For dishwashers not having a truncated normal cycle,
EAOC = (De x S) + ( De x N x M)
where,
De = the representative average unit cost of electrical
energy in dollars per kilowatt-hour as provided by the Secretary,
S = the annual standby electrical energy in kilowatt-hours per year and
determined according to section 5.5 of Appendix C to this subpart,
N = the representative average dishwasher use of 215 cycles per year,
M = the machine electrical energy consumption per-cycle for the normal
cycle as defined in section 1.6 of Appendix C to this subpart, in
kilowatt-hours and determined according to section 5.1 of Appendix C to
this subpart,
ED = the energy consumed after the normal cycle is
interrupted to eliminate the power dry feature after the termination of
the last rinse option.
(ii) When electrically-heated water (120 deg.F or 140 deg.F) is
used,
(A) For dishwashers having a truncated normal cycle as defined in
section 1.15 of Appendix C to this subpart,
EAOC = (De x S) + (De x N x (M - (ED/
2)) + (De x N x W)
(B) For dishwashers not having a truncated normal cycle,
[[Page 56242]]
EAOC = (De x S) + (De x N x M) + (De x
N x W)
where,
De, S, N, M, and ED are defined in paragraph
(c)(1)(i) of this section, and
W = the total water energy consumption per cycle for the normal cycle
as defined in section 1.6 of Appendix C to this subpart, in kilowatt-
hours per cycle and determined according to section 5.3 of Appendix C
to this subpart.
(iii) When gas-heated or oil-heated water is used,
(A) For dishwashers having a truncated normal cycle as defined in
section 1.15 of Appendix C to this subpart,
EAOCg = (De x S) + (De x N x (M -
(ED/2)) + (Dg x N x Wg)
(B) For dishwashers not having a truncated normal cycle,
EAOCg = (De x S) + (De x N x M) +
(Dg x N x Wg)
where,
De, S, N, M, and ED are defined in paragraph
(c)(1)(i) of this section,
Dg = the representative average unit cost in dollars per Btu
for gas or oil, as appropriate, as provided by the Secretary, and
Wg = the total water energy consumption per cycle for the
normal cycle as defined in section 1.6 of Appendix C to this subpart,
in Btu's per cycle and determined according to section 5.4 of Appendix
C to this subpart.
(2) The energy factor for dishwashers, EF, expressed in kilowatt-
hours per cycle is defined as follows:
(i) When cold water (50 deg.F) is used,
(A) For dishwashers having a truncated normal cycle as defined in
section 1.15 of Appendix C to this subpart,
EF = 1/(M - (ED/2))
(B) For dishwashers not having a truncated normal cycle,
EF = 1/M
where,
M, and ED are defined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this
section.
(ii) When electrically-heated water (120 deg.F or 140 deg.F) is
used,
(A) For dishwashers having a truncated normal cycle as defined in
section 1.15 of Appendix C to this subpart,
EF = 1/(M - (ED/2) + W)
(B) For dishwashers not having a truncated normal cycle,
EF 1/(M + W)
where,
M, and ED are defined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this
section, and W is defined in paragraph (c)(1)(ii)of this section.
(3) The estimated annual energy use, EAEU, expressed in kilowatt-
hours per year is defined as follows:
(i) For dishwashers having a truncated normal cycle as defined in
section 1.15 of Appendix C to this subpart,
EAEU = (M - (ED/2) + W + S)
where,
M, ED and S are defined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this
section, and W is defined in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section.
(ii) For dishwashers not having a truncated normal cycle,
EAEU = (M + W + S)
where
M and S are defined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section, and W is
defined in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section.
(4) Other useful measures of energy consumption for dishwashers are
those which the Secretary determines are likely to assist consumers in
making purchasing decisions and which are derived from the application
of Appendix C to this subpart.
* * * * *
4. Appendix C to Subpart B of Part 430 is revised to read as
follows:
Appendix C to Subpart B of Part 430-Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Dishwashers
1. Definitions:
1.1 ``AHAM'' means the Association of Home Appliance
Manufacturers.
1.2 ``Compact dishwasher'' means a dishwasher that has a
capacity less than eight place settings plus six serving pieces as
specified in AHAM DW-1 (see Sec. 430.22).
1.3 ``Cycle'' means a sequence of operations of a dishwasher
which performs a complete dishwashing function, and may include
variations or combinations of washing, rinsing, and drying.
1.4 ``Cycle type'' means any complete sequence of operations
capable of being preset on the dishwasher prior to the initiation of
machine operation.
1.5 ``Non soil-sensing dishwasher'' means a dishwasher that
does not have the ability to adjust automatically any energy
consuming aspect of a wash cycle based on the soil load of the
dishes.
1.6 ``Normal cycle'' means the cycle type recommended by the
manufacturer for completely washing a full load of normally soiled
dishes including the power-dry feature.
1.7 ``Power-dry feature'' means the introduction of
electrically generated heat into the washing chamber for the purpose
of improving the drying performance of the dishwasher.
1.8 ``Preconditioning cycle'' means any cycle that includes a
fill, circulation, and drain to ensure that the water lines and sump
area of the pump are primed.
1.9 ``Sensor heavy cycle'' means, for standard dishwashers, the
set of operations in a soil-sensing dishwasher that constitutes the
response for completely washing a load of dishes, four place
settings of which are soiled. For compact dishwashers, this
definition is the same, except that two soiled place settings are
used instead of four.
1.10 ``Sensor light cycle'' means, for both standard and
compact dishwashers, the set of operations in a soil-sensing
dishwasher that constitutes the response for completely washing a
load of dishes, one place setting of which is soiled with half of
the gram weight of soils for each item specified in a single place
setting according to AHAM DW-1.
1.11 ``Sensor medium cycle'' means, for standard dishwashers,
the set of operations in a soil-sensing dishwasher that constitutes
the response for completely washing a load of dishes, two place
settings of which are soiled. For compact dishwashers, this
definition is the same, except that one soiled place setting is used
instead of two.
1.12 ``Soil-sensing dishwasher'' means a dishwasher that has
the ability to adjust automatically any energy consuming aspect of a
wash cycle based on the soil load of the dishes.
1.13 ``Standard dishwasher'' means a dishwasher that has a
capacity equal to or greater than eight place settings plus six
serving pieces as specified in AHAM DW-1 (see section 430.22).
1.14 ``Standby mode'' means the power consumption condition
when the dishwasher is connected to the main electricity supply and
the door lock is unlatched.
1.15 ``Truncated normal cycle'' means the normal cycle
interrupted to eliminate the power-dry feature after the termination
of the last rinse operation.
1.16 ``Truncated sensor heavy cycle'' means the sensor heavy
cycle interrupted to eliminate the power-dry feature after the
termination of the last rinse operation.
1.17 ``Truncated sensor light cycle'' means the sensor light
cycle interrupted to eliminate the power-dry feature after the
termination of the last rinse operation.
1.18 ``Truncated sensor medium cycle'' means the sensor medium
cycle interrupted to eliminate the power-dry feature after the
termination of the last rinse operation.
1.19 ``Water-heating dishwasher'' means a dishwasher which is
designed for heating cold inlet water (nominal 50 deg.F) or a
dishwasher for which the manufacturer recommends operation with a
nominal inlet water temperature of 120 deg.F, and may operate at
either of these inlet water temperatures by providing internal water
heating to above 120 deg.F in at least one wash phase of the normal
cycle.
2. Testing conditions:
2.1 Installation Requirements. Install the dishwasher according
to the manufacturer's instructions. A standard or compact under-
counter or under-sink dishwasher must be tested in a rectangular
enclosure constructed of nominal 0.374 inch (9.5 mm) plywood painted
black. The enclosure must consist of a top, a bottom, a back, and
two sides. If the dishwasher includes a counter top as part of the
appliance, omit the top of the enclosure. Bring the enclosure into
the closest contact with the appliance that the configuration of the
dishwasher will allow.
[[Page 56243]]
2.2 Electrical energy supply.
2.2.1 Dishwashers that operate with an electrical supply of 120
volts. Maintain the electrical supply to the dishwasher at 120 volts
± 2% and within one percent of the nameplate frequency as
specified by the manufacturer.
2.2.2 Dishwashers that operate with an electrical supply of 240
volts. Maintain the electrical supply to the dishwasher at 240 volts
± 2% and within one percent of its nameplate frequency as
specified by the manufacturer.
2.3 Water temperature. Measure the temperature of the water
supplied to the dishwasher using a temperature measuring device as
specified in section 3.1 of this Appendix.
2.3.1 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 140 deg.F inlet
water temperature. Maintain the water supply temperature at 140
± 5 deg.F.
2.3.2 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 120 deg.F inlet
water temperature. Maintain the water supply temperature at 120
± 2 deg.F.
2.3.3 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 50 deg.F inlet
water temperature. Maintain the water supply temperature at 50
± 2 deg.F.
2.4 Water pressure. Using a water pressure gauge as specified
in section 3.3 of this Appendix, maintain the pressure of the water
supply at 35 ± 2.5 pounds per square inch gauge (psig)
when the water is flowing.
2.5 Ambient and machine temperature. Using a temperature
measuring device as specified in section 3.1 of this Appendix,
maintain the room ambient air temperature at 75 ± 5
deg.F, and ensure that the dishwasher and the test load are at room
ambient temperature at the start of each test cycle.
2.6 Test Cycle and Load.
2.6.1 Non soil-sensing dishwashers to be tested at a nominal
inlet temperature of 140 deg.F. These units must be tested on the
normal cycle without a test load if the dishwasher does not heat
water in the normal cycle.
2.6.2 Non soil-sensing dishwashers to be tested at a nominal
inlet temperature of 50 deg.F or 120 deg.F. These units must be
tested on the normal cycle with a clean load of eight place settings
plus six serving pieces, as specified in AHAM DW-1. If the capacity
of the dishwasher, as stated by the manufacturer, is less than eight
place settings, then the test load must be the stated capacity.
2.6.3 Soil-sensing dishwashers to be tested at a nominal inlet
temperature of 50 deg.F, 120 deg.F, or 140 deg.F. These units
must be first tested on the sensor heavy cycle, then tested on
sensor medium cycle, and finally on the sensor light cycle with the
following combinations of soiled and clean test loads.
2.6.3.1 For tests of the sensor heavy cycle, as defined in
section 1.9:
(A) For standard dishwashers, the test unit is to be loaded with
a total of eight AHAM DW-1 place settings plus six serving pieces.
Four of the eight place settings must be soiled according to AHAM
DW-1 while the remaining place settings, serving pieces, and all
flatware are not soiled.
(B) For compact dishwashers, the test unit is to be loaded with
four AHAM DW-1 place settings plus six serving pieces. Two place
settings must be soiled according to AHAM DW-1 while the remaining
place settings, serving pieces, and all flatware are not soiled.
2.6.3.2 For tests of the sensor medium cycle, as defined in
section 1.11:
(A) For standard dishwashers, the test unit is to be loaded with
a total of eight AHAM DW-1 place settings plus six serving pieces.
Two of the eight place settings must be soiled according to AHAM DW-
1 while the remaining place settings, serving pieces, and all
flatware are not soiled.
(B) For compact dishwashers, the test unit is to be loaded with
four AHAM DW-1 place settings plus six serving pieces. One place
setting must be soiled according to AHAM DW-1 while the remaining
place settings, serving pieces. and all flatware are not soiled.
2.6.3.3 For tests of the sensor light cycle, as defined in
section 1.10:
(A) For standard dishwashers, the test unit is to be loaded with
a total of eight AHAM DW-1 place settings plus six serving pieces.
One place setting must be soiled with half of the soil load
specified for a single place setting according to AHAM DW-1 while
the remaining place settings, serving pieces, and all flatware are
not soiled.
(B) For compact dishwashers, the test unit is to be loaded with
four AHAM DW-1 place settings plus six serving pieces. One place
setting must be soiled with half of the soil load specified for a
single place setting according to the AHAM DW-1 while the remaining
place settings, serving pieces, and all flatware are not soiled.
2.7 Detergent and rinse agent. Use detergent and rinse agent in
the types and quantities specified according to AHAM DW-1.
2.8 Testing requirements. Provisions in this Appendix
pertaining to dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet
temperature of 50 deg.F or 120 deg.F apply only to water heating
dishwashers.
2.9 Preconditioning requirements. Precondition the dishwasher
by establishing the testing conditions set forth in sections 2.1
through 2.5 of this Appendix. Set the dishwasher to the
preconditioning cycle as defined in section 1.8 of this Appendix,
without using a test load, and initiate the cycle.
3. Instrumentation: Test instruments must be calibrated
annually.
3.1 Temperature measuring device. The device must have an error
no greater than ± 1 deg.F over the range being measured.
3.2 Timer. Time measurements for each monitoring period shall
be accurate to within 2 seconds.
3.2.1 Water meter. The water meter must have a resolution of no
larger than 0.1 gallons and a maximum error no greater than 1.5
percent for all water flow rates from one to five gallons per minute
and for all water temperatures encountered in the test cycle.
3.3 Water pressure gauge. The water pressure gauge must have a
resolution of one pound per square inch (psi) and must have an error
no greater than 5 percent of any measured value over the range of 35
± 2.5 psig.
3.4 Watt-hour meter. The Watt-hour meter must have a resolution
of 1 watt-hour or less and a maximum error of no more than 1 percent
of the measured value for any demand greater than 50 Watts.
3.5 Standby power meter. The watt/watt-hour meter must have a
resolution of 0.1 watt or less at 1.0 watt actual power consumption
and accumulate into watt-hours at a minimum power level of 20
milliwatts. The watt/watt-hour meter must be capable of operating
within the stated tolerances for input voltages at up to five
percent total harmonic distortion and shall be capable of operating
at frequencies from 47 hertz through 63 hertz. Power measurement
instruments shall have a crest factor of not less than five at RMS
currents of two amps or less.
4. Test cycle and measurements:
4.1 Test cycle. Perform a test cycle by establishing the
testing conditions set forth in section 2 of this Appendix, setting
the dishwasher to the cycle type to be tested, initiating the cycle,
and allowing the cycle to proceed to completion.
4.2 Machine electrical energy consumption. Measure the
electrical energy consumed by the machine during the test cycle, M,
expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle, using a water supply
temperature as set forth in section 2.3 of this Appendix and using a
watt-hour meter as specified in section 3.4 of this Appendix.
4.3 Water consumption. Measure the water consumption, V,
specified as the number of gallons delivered to the dishwasher
during the entire test cycle, using a water meter as specified in
section 3.2 of this Appendix.
4.4 Standby power. Connect the dishwasher to a watt/watt-hr
meter as specified in section 3.5. Select the conditions necessary
to achieve operation in the standby mode as defined in section 1.14
of this Appendix. Monitor the power consumption but allow the
dishwasher to stabilize for not less than 5 minutes. Commence energy
consumption readings for a period of not less than an additional 5
minutes, checking the power and equipment during the recording
period to make sure that the dishwasher has not entered another
mode. Continue measurement until the necessary measurement period is
complete. Record the duration of energy measurement and the total
energy consumed in watt-hours over that time period. Calculate the
average standby power, Sm, expressed in watts by dividing
the measured energy consumption by the duration of the measurement.
5. Calculation of derived results from test measurements:
5.1 Machine energy consumption.
5.1.1 Machine energy consumption for non soil-sensing electric
dishwashers. Take the value recorded in section 4.2 of this Appendix
as the per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption. Express the
value, M, in kilowatt-hours per cycle.
5.1.2 Machine energy consumption for soil-sensing electric
dishwashers. The machine energy consumption for the sensor normal
cycle, M, is defined as:
M = (Mhc x Fhc) + (Mmc x
Fmc) + (Mlc x Flc)
where,
Mhc = the value recorded in section 4.2 of this Appendix
for the test of the sensor heavy
[[Page 56244]]
cycle, expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle.
Mmc = the value recorded in section 4.2 of this Appendix
for the test of the sensor medium cycle, expressed in kilowatt-hours
per cycle.
Mlc = the value recorded in section 4.2 of this Appendix
for the test of the sensor light cycle, expressed in kilowatt-hours
per cycle.
Fhc = the weighting factor based on consumer use of heavy
cycles = 0.05.
Fmc = the weighting factor based on consumer use of
medium cycles = 0.33.
Flc = the weighting factor based on consumer use of light
cycles = 0.62.
5.2 Water consumption.
5.2.1 Water consumption for non soil-sensing dishwashers using
electrically heated, gas-heated, or oil-heated water.
Take the value recorded in section 4.3 of this Appendix as the
per-cycle water energy consumption. Express the value, V, in gallons
per cycle.
5.2.2 Water consumption for soil-sensing dishwashers using
electrically heated, gas-heated, or oil-heated water.
The water consumption for the sensor normal cycle, V, is defined
as:
V = (Vhc x Fhc) + (Vmc x
Fmc) + (Vlc x Flc)
where,
Vhc = the value recorded in section 4.3 of this Appendix
for the test of the sensor heavy cycle, expressed in gallons per
cycle.
Vmc = the value recorded in section 4.3 of this Appendix
for the test of the sensor medium cycle, expressed in gallons per
cycle.
Vlc =the value recorded in section 4.3 of this Appendix
for the test of the sensor light cycle, expressed in gallons per
cycle.
Fhc =the weighting factor based on consumer use of heavy
cycles = 0.05.
Fmc = the weighting factor based on consumer use of
medium cycles = 0.33.
Flc = the weighting factor based on consumer use of light
cycles = 0.62.
5.3 Water energy consumption for non soil-sensing or soil-
sensing dishwashers using electrically heated water.
5.3.1 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal 140 deg.F inlet
water temperature, only. For the normal and truncated normal test
cycle, calculate the water energy consumption, W, expressed in
kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined as:
W = V x T x K
where,
V = reported water consumption in gallons per cycle, as measured in
section 4.3 of this Appendix,
T = nominal water heater temperature rise = 90 deg.F,
K = specific heat of water in kilowatt-hours per gallon per degree
Fahrenheit = 0.0024.
5.3.2 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water
temperature of 120 deg.F. For the normal and truncated normal test
cycle, calculate the water energy consumption, W, expressed in
kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined as:
W = V x T x K
where,
V = reported water consumption in gallons per cycle, as measured in
section 4.3 of this Appendix,
T = nominal water heater temperature rise = 70 deg.F,
K = specific heat of water in kilowatt-hours per gallon per degree
Fahrenheit = 0.0024.
5.4 Water energy consumption per cycle using gas-heated or oil-
heated water.
5.4.1 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal 140 deg.F inlet
water temperature, only. For each test cycle, calculate the water
energy consumption using gas-heated or oil-heated water,
Wg, expressed in Btu's per cycle and defined as:
Wg = V x T x C/e
where,
V = reported water consumption in gallons per cycle, as measured in
section 4.3 of this Appendix,
T = nominal water heater temperature rise = 90 deg.F,
C = specific heat of water in btu's per gallon per degree Fahrenheit
= 8.2,
e = nominal gas or oil water heater recovery efficiency = 0.75.
5.4.2 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water
temperature of 120 deg.F. For each test cycle, calculate the water
energy consumption using gas heated or oil heated water,
Wg, expressed in Btu's per cycle and defined as:
Wg = V x T x C/e
where,
V is measured in section 4.3 of this Appendix,
T = nominal water heater temperature rise = 70 deg.F,
C = specific heat of water in btu's per gallon per degree Fahrenheit
= 8.2,
e = nominal gas or oil water heater recovery efficiency = 0.75.
5.5. Annual standby energy consumption. Calculate the estimated
annual standby energy consumption. First determine the number of
standby hours per year, Hs, defined as:
Hs = H - (215 cycles/year x L).
where,
L = the duration of the normal cycle for tests of non soil-sensing
dishwashers or the duration of the sensor medium cycle for tests of
soil-sensing dishwashers, and
H = the total number of hours per year = 8766 hours per year.
Then calculate the estimated annual standby power use, S,
expressed in kilowatt-hours per year and defined as:
S = Sm x ((Hs)/1000)
where,
Sm = the average standby power in watts as measured in
section 4.4 of this Appendix.
[FR Doc. 02-22315 Filed 8-30-02; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P